• In glycolysis fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is made into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate through the use of aldolase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The aldolase used in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis is a cytoplasmic protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aldolases A and C are mainly involved in glycolysis, while aldolase B is involved in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the reaction is reversible, aldolase B is an essential enzyme in the process of gluconeogenesis (which is, in some respects, a reversal of glycolysis). (medscape.com)
  • Rounding out the upper glycolysis pathway, the identity of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase in the genome was verified and reported to have substantial activity with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, in the presence of the divalent ion, Zn 2+ . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objectives To begin to think about enzymes as regulated catalysts To understand the different ways enzymes can be regulated To learn the key, regulated steps in glycolysis, the mediators of regulation, and how it is connected to other pathways So today we will talk first about general features of metabolic/enzyme regulation and then the specifics as they relate to glycolysis. (powershow.com)
  • Insulin acts on which enzyme in glycolysis? (dentaldevotee.com)
  • The rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH). (allanimalsguide.com)
  • What is the role of Aldolase in glycolysis? (allanimalsguide.com)
  • what enzyme in glycolysis reaction 4, splits fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two 3-carbon fragments? (classassignmentwriters.com)
  • in reaction 5 of glycolysis, what enzyme facilitates the isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate? (classassignmentwriters.com)
  • Aldolase also takes part in glycolysis by attacking the fructose-1-6-PO4. (labpedia.net)
  • Our data suggest that aldolase A and glycolysis are responsible for the basal and excess MG generation in insulin-sensitive adipose cells, especially under the stimulus of insulin. (usask.ca)
  • The enzyme works on six reversible reactions in gluconeogensis and glycolysis. (medscape.com)
  • In glycolysis, aldolase catalyzes fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to phosphoenolpyruvate through an oxidative reaction. (medscape.com)
  • Genome-wide characterization, evolution, and expression profiling of FBA gene household in response to gentle remedies and abiotic stress in Nicotiana tabacum Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) as a key enzyme play essential roles in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and Calvin cycle processes in vegetation. (thebiotechnician.com)
  • In gluconeogenesis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is reduced to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate with aldolase. (wikipedia.org)
  • In both pathways 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA or 3-PG) is reduced to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate with aldolase catalyzing the last reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphofructokinase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate andATP to fructose 16-bisphosphate and ADP. (allanimalsguide.com)
  • Fructose 6-phosphate is phosphorylated to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase enzyme. (dp.ua)
  • The other ATP molecule transfers a phosphate group to fructose 6-phosphate and converts it into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by the action of the enzyme phosphofructokinase. (byjus.com)
  • Although lactose is the carbohydrate base in most infant formulas, some (eg, soy formulas) contain sucrose, a fructose-glucose disaccharide that may cause symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • There are various types of sugar available such as lactose, fructose, galactose and sucrose. (firstaidcprvictoria.ca)
  • The combination of glucose and fructose produces sucrose which is a disaccharide. (firstaidcprvictoria.ca)
  • The body breaks down sucrose for digestion utilizing the enzyme sucrose. (firstaidcprvictoria.ca)
  • Nitrate reductase is phosphorylated in the dark by the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and the sucrose non-fermenting related kinase 1 (SnRK1) that initiates the interaction of the enzyme with the 14-3-3 proteins and its inactivation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), often just aldolase, is an enzyme catalyzing a reversible reaction that splits the aldol, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, into the triose phosphates dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). (wikipedia.org)
  • Aldolase can also produce DHAP from other (3S,4R)-ketose 1-phosphates such as fructose 1-phosphate and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Escherichia coli galactitol operon protein, gatY, and N-acetyl galactosamine operon protein, agaY, which are tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase, are homologs of class II fructose-bisphosphate aldolase. (wikipedia.org)
  • A bifunctional fructose-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphatase, with class I mechanism, has been found widely in archaea and in some bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Archaeal fructose-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphatase is presumably involved in gluconeogenesis because its product is fructose 6-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • A fifth reaction, catalyzed in both pathways by fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, hydrolyzes the fructose 1-6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the Calvin cycle aldolase also catalyzes the production of sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate from DHAP and erythrose 4-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Co-expression of additional EMP enzymes, fructose bisphosphate aldolase (Fba) and triose phosphate isomerase (Tpi), with Pfk I did not enable EMP flux, and resulted in production of glycerol as a side product. (frontiersin.org)
  • We report the crystal structures of glycosomal fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from two major tropical pathogens, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania mexicana, the causative agents of African sleeping sickness and one form of leishmaniasis, respectively. (rcsb.org)
  • Structure of Tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate Aldolase. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (TBPA) is a tetrameric class II aldolase that catalyzes the reversible condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to produce tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Comparisons of TBPA with the related fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA) identifies common features with implications for the mechanism. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Because the major product of the condensation catalyzed by the enzymes differs in the chirality at a single position, models of FBPA and TBPA with their cognate bisphosphate products provide insight into chiral discrimination by these aldolases. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • This process weeded out some previously reported biomarkers and left the Steens with three significant proteins: enzymes involved in energy metabolism, in particular, associated with the breakdown of glucose: fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain, and pyruvate kinase. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Aldolase catalyzes the conversion of fructose 16-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (allanimalsguide.com)
  • The six carbon fructose 1, 6- bisphosphate is split into glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate and dihydroxy acetone phosphate(DHAP). (dp.ua)
  • This is a glycolytic enzyme, and it cleaves fructose 1,6 - bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3 - phosphate. (labpedia.net)
  • The enzyme aldolase converts fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which are isomers of each other. (byjus.com)
  • Several enzymes, including glucose and ribitol dehydrogenase as well as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, were oxidation-sensitive at all developmental stages in sycamore embryonic axes. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Aldolase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down glucose products into energy, specifically converting fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into the triose phosphates dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate. (medscape.com)
  • Aldolase is a cytoplasmic enzyme responsible for converting sugar into energy, specifically splitting aldol, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, into the triose phosphates dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate (a reversible reaction). (medscape.com)
  • In gluconeogenesis, aldolase catalyzes the reduction of phosphoenolpyruvate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. (medscape.com)
  • 2011. Glycolytic and non-glycolytic functions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, an essential enzyme produced by replicating and non-replicating bacilli. . (cornell.edu)
  • Specifically in academia and regards to TB, Regis University has pursued research in the identification of inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis class IIa fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (MtFBA), an essential enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (regis.edu)
  • The following year, researchers reported a familial incidence of the disorder in several family members, postulating that the defect was a deficiency of hepatic fructose 1-aldolase. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, in an infant who is homozygous for fructose 1-aldolase deficiency, fructose ingestion triggers a cascade of biochemical events that result in severe clinical disease. (medscape.com)
  • The cause of fructose malabsorption is a deficiency in the GLUT-5 transporter protein, which normally transports fructose across the mucosa of the small intestine. (schaer-foodservice.com)
  • Deficiency of enzymes that metabolize fructose may be asymptomatic or cause hypoglycemia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Diagnosis of fructose 1-phosphate aldolase deficiency is suggested by symptoms in relation to recent fructose intake and is confirmed by DNA analysis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This deficiency causes benign elevation of blood and urine fructose levels (benign fructosuria). (msdmanuals.com)
  • People suffering from this condition may experience abdominal pain, vomiting , nausea, excessive sweating, and hypoglycemia when fructose is ingested. (thehealthboard.com)
  • It is caused by a lack of the enzyme aldolase B. The consequence is mild to severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). (schaer-foodservice.com)
  • Previous confirmatory testing used liver biopsy or induction of hypoglycemia by fructose infusion 200 mg/kg IV. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The metabolism of free fructose in liver exploits the ability of aldolase B to use fructose 1-phosphate as a substrate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chief products of the Calvin cycle are triose phosphate (TP), which is a mixture of DHAP and G3P, and fructose 6-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • and condensation of the triose phosphates, glyceraldehyde phosphate, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate to form fructose 1,6-diphosphate). (medscape.com)
  • In normal cellular conditions, the primary enzymatic activity of aldolase B is to cleave fructose diphosphate (FDP), which forms rather than condenses the triose phosphate compounds. (medscape.com)
  • Aldolase B is responsible for the second step in the metabolism of fructose, which breaks down the molecule fructose-1-phosphate into other molecules called glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A lack of functional aldolase B results in an accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate in liver cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition, only enzymes catalyzing the aldolisation of glyceraldehyde-3P with dihydroxyacetone phosphate generating fructose-6P are currently known. (cea.fr)
  • The screening strategy we used by selecting enzymes catalyzing the formation of hexose-6P by Mass Spectrometry identified putative aldolase candidates for sugar phosphate with a stereochemistry different from the one of fructose. (cea.fr)
  • Fermentation of cellulosic biomass goes through an atypical glycolytic pathway in this thermophilic bacterium, with various glycolytic enzymes capable of utilizing different phosphate donors, including GTP and inorganic pyrophosphate (PP i ), in addition to or in place of the usual ATP. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pfp (Cthe_0347) was previously characterized as pyrophosphate dependent with fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) as its substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We now demonstrate that this enzyme can also phosphorylate sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway), with the V max and K m of F6P being approximately 15 folds higher and 43 folds lower, respectively, in comparison to sedoheptulose-7-phosphate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transient-state kinetic experiments and analyses have been performed to examine the validity of hitherto unchallenged evidence proposed to be indicative of a channelled transfer of triose phosphates from aldolase to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (lu.se)
  • The conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate is an example of which of the following reactions? (dentaldevotee.com)
  • An enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-biphosphate to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. (theexaminers.co.uk)
  • The R458W mutation: This mutation increases the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. (allanimalsguide.com)
  • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 13-bisphosphoglycerate. (allanimalsguide.com)
  • Glucose 6-phosphate isomerase catalyzes the interconversion of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. (allanimalsguide.com)
  • Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose 6-phosphate by hexokinase or glucokinase (both are Iso-Enzymes). (dp.ua)
  • Glucose 6-phosphate is isomerised to fructose 6-phosphate in the presence of enzyme phosphohexose isomerase and Magnesium ion. (dp.ua)
  • DHAP is isomerised to Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by enzyme Phosphotriose Isomerase. (dp.ua)
  • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is oxidised to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate by the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-3-P dehydrogenase). (dp.ua)
  • Aldolase is a glycolytic enzyme that splits fructose-1,6-phosphatase into two triose phosphate molecules in glucose metabolism. (labpedia.net)
  • Fructose-1-phosphate is split into D-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate by aldolase B, that enzyme is found in the liver. (labpedia.net)
  • A phosphate group is added to glucose in the cell cytoplasm , by the action of enzyme hexokinase. (byjus.com)
  • Glucose-6-phosphate is isomerised into fructose,6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase. (byjus.com)
  • The phosphate of both the phosphoglycerate molecules is relocated from the third to the second carbon to yield two molecules of 2-phosphoglycerate by the enzyme phosphoglyceromutase. (byjus.com)
  • Among the aldolases, we investigated the transaldolase (TAL) and the structurally related, novel fructose-6-phosphate aldolase (FSA) and their mutant proteins (muteins). (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • Ser (A129S) shows significantly improved catalytic efficiency towards fructose-6-phosphate. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • and is involved in the breakdown (metabolism) of fructose so this sugar can be used as energy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Results of mutations in the ALDOB gene that codes for the enzyme aldolase B, responsible for the metabolism of fructose (sugar commonly present in fruits and vegetables). (genolifeadn.com)
  • Nowadays, aldolases are largely established as efficient and versatile tools for biocatalysis and are used in organic synthesis for the preparation of biologically active molecules (Clapés and Garrabou, 2011). (cea.fr)
  • Enzymes and other proteins use ATP to power reactions, maintain ion gradients across membranes, contract muscle fibers, and transport molecules across cellular membranes. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Throughout the digestion process, the body degrades the fructose into smaller molecules with the help of the enzyme aldolase B . (firstaidcprvictoria.ca)
  • Reduced cleavage of F-1-P leads to its cellular accumulation and fructokinase inhibition, causing free fructose accumulation in the blood. (medscape.com)
  • We found that insulin (100 nM), glucose (25 mM), or their combination has no effect on cellular levels of sorbitol and fructose, in comparison with the control group (5 mM glucose alone). (usask.ca)
  • Sugar substitutes, sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol should also be avoided as they further impede fructose absorption. (schaer-foodservice.com)
  • Biochemical study of defective aldolase B enzymes is key to revealing the molecular basis of the disease and providing a stronger basis for improved treatment and diagnosis. (brighton.ac.uk)
  • Enzymes as Biochemical Reagents III. (elsevier.com)
  • The results lend no support to such proposals, but show that the kinetic behaviour of the examined aldolase-dehydrogenase reactions is fully consistent with a free-diffusion mechanism of metabolite transfer. (lu.se)
  • These modifications were related to the reduced activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, which are key enzymes of TCA cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Affected individuals develop signs and symptoms of the disorder in infancy when fruits, juices, or other foods containing fructose are introduced into the diet. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Then, after a month or so, small portions of foods containing fructose may be added back into the diet. (thehealthboard.com)
  • In people with fructose malabsorption, the cells of the intestine cannot absorb fructose normally, leading to bloating, diarrhea or constipation, flatulence, and stomach pain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Continued exposure to fructose may result in seizures, coma, and ultimately death from liver and kidney failure. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Since it cannot be properly digested, fructose builds up in the liver, kidney , and small intestine. (thehealthboard.com)
  • Aldolase B is seen in the liver and kidneys. (labpedia.net)
  • An aldolase blood test is used to help identify damaged structures to organs such as liver, muscle, kidney, or heart. (medscape.com)
  • Aldolase B levels are elevated in liver disease or heart disease (myocardial infarction). (medscape.com)
  • This particular marker is not widely used because other blood tests are more specific for liver and heart-related diseases (LFT's and Cardiac enzymes). (medscape.com)
  • An example is a patient with a history of multiple sclerosis who presents with muscle weakness and has normal aldolase A levels. (medscape.com)
  • Pfk, Fba, and Tpi reactions are indicated in red because heterologous expression of these enzymes was the major genetic change made in this study. (frontiersin.org)
  • A total of 732 ALD and 874 TK representing the phylogenetic diversity of these two enzyme families were selected, overexpressed in E. coli and screened for new chemical reactions using the Genoscope cloning and screening platform . (cea.fr)
  • Pettersson, H & Pettersson, G 1999, ' Mechanism of metabolite transfer in coupled two-enzyme reactions involving aldolase ', European Journal of Biochemistry , vol. 262, no. 2, pp. 371-376. (lu.se)
  • The table below outlines the 10 individual reactions of the glycolytic pathway and the enzyme (with IUBMB Enzyme Commission number) that catalyzes each step. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Allosteric inhibitors: These bind to the enzyme and change its shape so that it can no longer bind to its substrate. (allanimalsguide.com)
  • For the first time, the enzyme:substrate complex of the Schiff base type was elucidated for aldolases. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • Here, the enzyme is central to the glycolytic pathway. (medscape.com)
  • The word aldolase also refers, more generally, to an enzyme that performs an aldol reaction (creating an aldol) or its reverse (cleaving an aldol), such as Sialic acid aldolase, which forms sialic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each person will have a different reaction to the amount of fructose that is ingested, so one must gauge how much fructose can be allowed in the diet before symptoms will return. (thehealthboard.com)
  • in reaction 7, what enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3 phosphoglycerate? (classassignmentwriters.com)
  • in reaction 8, the isomerization of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phoshoglycerate is catalyzed by what enzyme? (classassignmentwriters.com)
  • in reaction 10, phosphoenolpyruvate conversion to pyruvate is catalyzed by what enzyme? (classassignmentwriters.com)
  • Aldolase is the enzyme involved in the reaction. (dp.ua)
  • Nature provides various enzymes which form or cleave C-C bonds. (cea.fr)
  • We are investigating enzymes that can make or cleave C-C bonds, as these are suitable biocatalysts in chemo-enzymatic syntheses, e.g. to produce novel hydroxylated compounds. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • 2-phosphoglycerate is converted to Phosphoenol Pyruvate by removal of one molecule of Water by the action of the enzyme Enolase. (dp.ua)
  • Aldolase has also been implicated in many "moonlighting" or non-catalytic functions, based upon its binding affinity for many other proteins including F-actin, α-tubulin, light chain dynein, WASP, Band 3 anion exchanger, phospholipase D (PLD2), glucose transporter GLUT4, inositol trisphosphate, V-ATPase and ARNO (a guanine nucleotide exchange factor of ARF6). (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, this work allowed the experimental annotation of hundreds of proteins representing the natural diversity of ALD and TK enzyme families. (cea.fr)
  • Heme/iron-binding proteins, protease inhibitors, proteases, lipocalins and immune-related proteins were the categories most abundantly expressed in females, while glycolytic enzymes, protease inhibitors and lipocalins were the most abundantly expressed in males. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that siRNA knockdown of aldolase B prevented high glucose-elevated MG levels and the activation of multiple metabolic and signaling pathways (i.e. increase in advanced glycation endproducts accumulation, oxidative stress, O-linked N-acetyl glucosamine modification of proteins, membrane protein kinase C activity and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB). (usask.ca)
  • In this study, extensive novel roles of 14-3-3 proteins in plant metabolism were determined through combining the parallel analyses of metabolites and enzyme activities in 14-3-3 overexpression and knockout plants with studies of protein-protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The rapid early progress in the understanding of this disorder may have occurred because of the fairly dramatic and difficult-to-miss symptoms associated with fructose ingestion. (medscape.com)
  • Though elimination of foods sweetened with fructose or other sugars will prevent symptoms in most older children and adults, this condition can be life threatening for infants and the elderly. (thehealthboard.com)
  • Since many baby foods contain fructose, it is especially important to watch for signs and symptoms in infants. (thehealthboard.com)
  • Aldolase level in muscular dystrophy. (labpedia.net)
  • Elevated aldolase levels may be seen in conditions such as damage to the skeletal muscle (trauma), dermatomyositis, infectious mononucleosis, muscular dystrophy, myocardial infarction, viral / auto-immune hepatitis or hepatic cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and osteosarcoma. (medscape.com)
  • For example, aldolase A is contained in muscle tissue and used to monitor the course of muscular dystrophy. (medscape.com)
  • The enzyme enolase removes a water molecule from 2-phosphoglycerate to form phosphoenolpyruvate. (byjus.com)
  • Phosphoenolpyruvate and PP i were the only inhibitors for PfkA determined from the study, which corroborates what is known about enzymes from this subfamily. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptome sequencing revealed that all homologs induced the same general patterns with a drastic shift in gene expression profiles of leaves from that of a typical source tissue to a source-limited sink-like tissue: Transcripts encoding enzymes for plastid uptake and metabolism of phosphoenolpyruvate, fatty acid and oil biosynthesis were up-regulated, as were also transcripts encoding starch degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ALDOB gene mutations reduce the function of the enzyme, impairing its ability to metabolize fructose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Instead, bacteria in the lower intestine must metabolize the fructose which produces hydrogen and/or methane gas. (thehealthboard.com)
  • It results from a decrease or absence of an enzyme needed to metabolize lactose (sugar found in milk and other milk products). (genolifeadn.com)
  • In our tested rat models with obesity, hypertension or diabetes, serum and aortic MG and fructose levels were increased, and the expression of aldolase B in the aorta was up-regulated. (usask.ca)
  • The measurement of the end product determines the level of aldolase contained in the patient's serum. (medscape.com)
  • Glucose (25 mM) treatment of VSMCs activated the polyol pathway and increased fructose formation, leading to aldolase B up-regulation and MG overproduction. (usask.ca)
  • Plants and algae have plastidal aldolase, sometimes a relic of endosymbiosis, in addition to the usual cytosolic aldolase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type B enzymes are distant from Type A Class II aldolases, which consists of a number of bacterial and fungal enzymes and also contains the cytosolic FBA of Euglena gracilis. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Aldolase is present in all tissue, like the brain and kidneys, and is prominent in skeletal and heart muscles. (labpedia.net)
  • Additionally, the breakdown products of fructose-1-phosphase are needed in the body to produce energy and to maintain blood sugar levels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • not fasting or strenuous activity may lead to muscle breakdown and falsely elevate aldolase levels, making it uninterruptible. (medscape.com)
  • Our study indicates that aldolase B up-regulation by elevated fructose is a common mechanism for vascular MG overproduction in the metabolic syndrome. (usask.ca)
  • In summary, all experiments taken together, show for the first time, that aldolase B is responsible for vascular MG overproduction and aldolase A is responsible for adipose MG overproduction in metabolic syndrome. (usask.ca)
  • The ALDOB gene provides instructions for making the aldolase B enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In both tetrameric trypanosomatid aldolases, the PTS2s from two different subunits form two closely intertwined structures. (rcsb.org)
  • The active centres of the enzymes were changed by site-directed mutagenesis and these "muteins" were then investigated for their catalytic properties. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • Aldolases (ALD) and transketolases (TK) are two of the most important groups of asymmetric C-C bond forming enzymes and this project proposed to open up the field of their industrial applications by screening for novel C-C bond formation biocatalysts. (cea.fr)
  • Fructose-1,6-diphosphate Aldolase 2. (elsevier.com)
  • Various thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes can - apart from their functions in metabolism - also be used as biocatalysts for C-C bond linkages. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase. (dp.ua)
  • 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate by the enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase. (dp.ua)