AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Angiotensin IIReceptor, Angiotensin, Type 1Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2Receptors, AngiotensinAngiotensin II Type 1 Receptor BlockersAngiotensin IAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsAngiotensin II Type 2 Receptor BlockersAngiotensin IIILosartanTetrazolesRenin-Angiotensin SystemImidazolesBenzimidazolesPeptidyl-Dipeptidase AAngiotensinsBiphenyl CompoundsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsBlood PressureReninPyridinesAntihypertensive AgentsVasoconstrictor AgentsRats, Sprague-DawleyAngiotensinogenSubfornical OrganHypertensionKidneyValineRats, Inbred SHRRats, Inbred WKYAldosterone1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin IIPolydipsiaSaralasinRNA, MessengerBenzoatesCells, CulturedMuscle, Smooth, VascularKidney Tubules, ProximalBradykininVasoconstrictionAortaDrinkingDose-Response Relationship, DrugDisease Models, AnimalNatriuresisFibrosisMyocardiumSodium Chloride, DietaryNephrectomyMedulla OblongataNorepinephrineRats, WistarNADPH OxidaseSignal TransductionMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsEnalaprilSympathetic Nervous SystemOrgan SizeAngiotensin AmideSpironolactoneParaventricular Hypothalamic NucleusAutoradiographyAorta, ThoracicMice, KnockoutKidney GlomerulusBody WeightMice, Inbred C57BLOligopeptidesPeptide FragmentsNitric OxideHemodynamicsVasodilationSodiumVascular ResistanceHeart RateEndothelium, VascularSuperoxidesGene ExpressionTeprotideEnalaprilatHeartOxidative StressMyocytes, Smooth MuscleUp-RegulationEnzyme InhibitorsLisinoprilTime FactorsKidney DiseasesModels, AnimalGene Expression RegulationHypertension, RenalImmunohistochemistryReactive Oxygen SpeciesAnalysis of VarianceRenal CirculationVasodilator AgentsChymasesPhosphorylation
InhibitorsACE2AngiotensinogenInhibitorBindsReninAntagonistsAGTR1BlockerCoronavirusGenesMuscarinic acetylchoPatientsDiureticsViralDiabetes mellitusPolymorphismHypertensionKidneyDipeptidylAntibodiesPolymerase chain reIschemic strokeCoronaryConvertsGlycoproteinAortaA1166CRAAS2020Natriuretic peptidesMedicationsCaptoprilPotentBindVascularCandesartanTransmembraneSynthesisInteractionRenalExtracellularRegulatesVasoconstrictorPhysiologicalTissues
Inhibitors17
  • For management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), medication classes consist of diuretics, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and beta-blockers. (medscape.com)
  • Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors cause smooth muscle relaxation and antiproliferative effects in the vasculature, leading to a reduction in pulmonary artery pressure in patients with WHO group 1 pulmonary hypertension. (medscape.com)
  • citation needed] ACE inhibitors are widely used as pharmaceutical drugs in the treatment of conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some studies suggest that ACE inhibitors that are able to pass the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) could enhance the activity of major amyloid-beta peptide degrading enzymes like neprilysin in the brain resulting in a slower development of Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • angiotensin receptor blockers) or ACEis ( angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors). (portlandpress.com)
  • Louise M. Burrell The RAS (renin-angiotensin system) is activated after MI (myocardial infarction), and RAS blockade with ACEis [ACE ( angiotensin - converting enzyme ) inhibitors] or ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers. (portlandpress.com)
  • Nicholas S. Hopkinson ACE ( angiotensin - converting enzyme ) inhibitors and ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) are already widely used for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease and their potential role in other disease states has. (portlandpress.com)
  • Structure-Guided Chemical Optimization of Bicyclic Peptide (Bicycle) Inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2. (acs.org)
  • Development of Potent and Selective Phosphinic Peptide Inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2. (acs.org)
  • Medications are further segmented into angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors angiotensin II receptor blockers, antioxidant inflammation modulator, renin inhibitors, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, g protein-coupled receptors, connective tissue growth factor inhibitors, monocyte chemoattractant proteins inhibitor, and endothelin-A receptor antagonist. (medgadget.com)
  • In humans, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, a potent class of antihypertensive agents, lower blood pressure at least partially by favoring enhanced kinin accumulation in plasma and target tissues. (nature.com)
  • Below are some of the most commonly prescribed heart disease medications, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It is clear from recent, large hypertension trials that several newer classes of drugs, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers, reduce the complications of hypertension and can be used as first line therapy, but diuretics are as effective and cost less. (bmj.com)
  • Do Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Affect Renal Hemodynamics by Different Mechanisms in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes? (cdc.gov)
  • 6.5 %) who are having proteinuria of more than 150mg / 24 hours already on maximum tolerated dose of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEi) or Angiotensin receptor Blockers (ARBs). (who.int)
  • Control of hypertension and the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and/or angiotensin II receptor blockers especially in those with proteinuria have been shown to protect against chronic kidney disease and delay its progression to kidney failure. (bvsalud.org)
  • Blood pressure control using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angioten- sin receptor blockers as the first line agents because these drugs have beneficial effects on glomerular haemodynamics and proteinuria in addition to their antihypertensive actions b. (bvsalud.org)
ACE222
  • By constant-pH Monte Carlo simulations and the PROCEEDpKa method, we have mapped the electrostatic epitopes for four monoclonal antibodies and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on both SARS-CoV-1 and the new SARS-CoV-2 S receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins. (nih.gov)
  • However, the affinity between the S RBD protein from the new SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 is higher than for any studied antibody previously found complexed with SARS-CoV-1. (nih.gov)
  • The RAAS also consists of a protective arm consisting of Ang-(1-7) [angiotensin-(1-7)], the AT 2 R (AngII type 2 receptor), ACE2 and the Mas receptor. (portlandpress.com)
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) is a recently identified zinc metalloprotease with carboxypeptidase activity that was identified using our genomics platform. (acs.org)
  • Effect of an Inhibitor on the ACE2-Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2. (acs.org)
  • Mechanism of Ligand Recognition by Human ACE2 Receptor. (acs.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar epithelial cells [mainly alveolar epithelial type 2 (AEC2) cells] through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. (kegg.jp)
  • Upon the occupancy of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2, the increased serum level of free Angiotensin II (Ang II) due to a reduction of ACE2-mediated degradation promotes activation of the NF-kappa B pathway via Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), followed by interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. (kegg.jp)
  • It has been reported that the host-side viral receptor ACE2 *1 and the serine protease enzyme TMPRSS2, *2 a protein that facilitates viruses' entry into host cells, are involved in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (Figure 1). (lion.co.jp)
  • As my specialty is diagnostic pathology, I'm very familiar with tissue staining, so I decided immediately to investigate whether viral receptors, such as ACE2 and TMPRSS2, were present in oral cavity tissue. (lion.co.jp)
  • The taste buds also have ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors, setting up an ideal environment for the virus. (lion.co.jp)
  • Sars-CoV-2, which shares 79.6% sequence homology with Sars-CoV-1 [ 2 ] similarly infects hosts through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the functional receptor in lung epithelial cells. (springer.com)
  • Infection of other cell types possessing ACE2 receptors has been described including the epithelial cells of the lung, intestine, kidney, heart, and blood vessels inducing cardiotropic damage [ 4 , 5 ]. (springer.com)
  • Interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on target the cell surface mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells that is facilitated by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and lysosomal proteases. (springer.com)
  • Since SARS-CoV-2 has marked affinity for the ACE2 receptor, it is certainly possible that the vascular endothelium and myocardium could be directly infected [ 8 ]. (springer.com)
  • It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. (prosci-inc.com)
  • Both heart cells and lung cells are covered with surface proteins known as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - these molecules serve as "doorways" for the virus to enter cells. (sott.net)
  • The ACE2 enzyme acts as an anti-inflammatory, keeping immune cells from inflicting more damage on the body's own cells. (sott.net)
  • The blockage of interplay between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and S protein is taken into account an important goal for anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) medication. (aidstar-one.com)
  • On this examine, a therapeutic technique was developed through the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with decoy receptor ACE2 for neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. (aidstar-one.com)
  • It is well established now that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its first step of entry. (biorxiv.org)
  • Fluorescence-activated cell scan (FACS) assays found that RBD N501Y mutations are of higher binding affinity to ACE2 than the wild type. (biorxiv.org)
Angiotensinogen8
Inhibitor4
  • Yuri N. Korystov In the present study, the activity of ACE ( angiotensin - converting enzyme ) in the aorta of senescent rats and rats treated with the NOS (NO synthase) inhibitor L -NAME ( N G. (portlandpress.com)
  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of pulse pressure and antihypertensive class (specifically angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker, or beta blocker) on mortality following acute ischemic stroke. (scirp.org)
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker based therapy was associated with lower follow-up mortality when beta blocker was not used in pulse pressure (scirp.org)
  • Prospective analysis will be needed to confirm the protective effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker based on pulse pressure in acute ischemic stroke. (scirp.org)
Binds2
  • Angiotensin II binds to the type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1), which sets off a number of actions that result in vasoconstriction and therefore increased blood pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from the metanephric mesenchyme binds to the C-ret receptor on the branching ureteric bud and is responsible for the branching and elongation of the ureteric bud. (medscape.com)
Renin18
Antagonists2
  • Endothelin receptor antagonists bind endothelin 1 receptors, causing a decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure through decreases in PVR. (medscape.com)
  • These results indicate that up-regulation of AT 1A , PDGF-Rβ, and ECM-related genes in the balloon-injured carotid artery is in part an AT 1 -mediated phenomenon and that prevention of receptor up-regulation may contribute to the attenuating effects of AT 1 antagonists on neointimal formation after injury. (aspetjournals.org)
AGTR11
  • There was a significant interaction (p = 0.033) between genotypes of ACE and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1). (bmj.com)
Blocker1
  • The angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker, candesartan, rectifies this imbalance and protects against retinal vasculopathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
Coronavirus3
  • The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and has spread rapidly around the world ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This study explored socioeconomic disparities in Korea using health insurance type as a proxy during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. (e-epih.org)
  • Although the exact origin of SARS-CoV-2 is not known, it is understood that its viral structure is 96.2% similar to CoV-RaTG13, which mainly affects bats and is 79.5% like SARS-CoV than the other presented forms of the coronavirus family 1-3 . (bvsalud.org)
Genes3
  • We investigated the effects of the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT 1 ) antagonist KRH-594 on levels of the mRNAs for AT 1A , AT 1B , platelet-derived growth factor-receptor β (PDGF-Rβ), and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes using the competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and on neointimal formation in the balloon-injured rat carotid artery. (aspetjournals.org)
  • AGT , ACE , and AT 1 R genes have overall effects with susceptibility to hypertension, where the SNPs of ACE have a mainly hypertension-associated effect and show an interacting effect to SNPs of AGT and AT 1 R genes. (hindawi.com)
  • Analysis of MxA, IL-4, and IRF-1 genes in Filipino patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. (cdc.gov)
Muscarinic acetylcho1
  • In patients with infection-triggered onset, the associations of low sCD26 with elevated autoantibodies (AAB) against alpha1 adrenergic (AR) and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) point to a pathomechanism of infection-triggered autoimmune-mediated vascular and immunological dysregulation. (frontiersin.org)
Patients25
  • Patients carrying the D allele of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene had greater coronary extent scores (defined as the number of coronary segments with 5% to 75% stenosis) than those not carrying this allele (p = 0.006 in non-parametric analysis and p = 0.019 in parametric analysis). (bmj.com)
  • For example, the SNP G-217A of AGT gene but not the SNPs A-6G and M235T of AGT gene may associate with hypertension in patients from Taiwan [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Autoantibodies (AAB) against nuclear and membrane structures as well as neurotransmitter receptors including muscarinic cholinergic receptor M3/M4-antibodies (M3-mAChR/M4-mAChR) and beta-1 and -2-adrenergic receptor (beta1-AR/beta2-AR) have been described in patients with ME/CFS ( 3 , 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • PURPOSE We wanted to describe how primary care clinicians care for patients with type 2 diabetes. (annfammed.org)
  • METHODS We undertook a cross-sectional study of 95 primary care clinicians and 822 of their established patients with type 2 diabetes from 4 practice-based, primary care research networks in the United States. (annfammed.org)
  • Nearly one half (47.5%) of the patients had at least 1 diabetes-related complication, and 60.8% reported a body mass index greater than 30. (annfammed.org)
  • 1 Patients with type 2 diabetes often have acute or chronic comorbid health problems that force the clinician to prioritize and address the most pressing or symptomatic problems first. (annfammed.org)
  • Our purpose was to describe the processes and outcomes of care of type 2 diabetes achieved by clinicians and their patients in member practices from 4 practice-based research networks (PBRNs). (annfammed.org)
  • In particular, we examined practice design strategies for diabetes care, the composition of the health care team, the complexity of the health problems experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes (including comorbid conditions), control of diabetes (including cardiovascular risk-factor control), and the spectrum of treatment provided by their clinicians. (annfammed.org)
  • Regarding the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism, our findings suggest that the II genotype could be a risk factor for NAION in younger male patients when compared to all cases and controls (p=0.033, odds ratio=5.71, confidence interval=1.152¨C28.35 and p=0.03, odds ratio=5.33, confidence interval=1.17¨C24.31 respectively). (molvis.org)
  • Based on the characteristics of their disease and the damage caused to their kidneys, MPGN 1 and 3 patients would now be diagnosed with C3GN, and MPGN 2 patients would now be diagnosed with DDD. (rareshare.org)
  • In many cases, the average age of patients with the DDD type is lower than patients with C3GN. (rareshare.org)
  • Process data and other quantitative clinical measures for all adult patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were gathered from each study physician. (jabfm.org)
  • Patients with type 1 diabetes or those who required diuretic therapy were excluded. (bmj.com)
  • Results: Of 196 patients with PH undergoing noncardiac operations, 53 (27%) experienced 1 or more complications, including 5 deaths (3%) within 30 days. (researchsquare.com)
  • Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are at increased risk for perioperative morbidity and mortality [1-3], and PH is an independent risk factor for complications after noncardiac surgery [4]. (researchsquare.com)
  • A substantial morbidity can occur after cardiopulmonary operations in patients with PH [1, 2, 7-10]. (researchsquare.com)
  • This study included patients with groups 1, 3, or 4 PH. (researchsquare.com)
  • Nearly all patients with type 1 diabetes (younger-onset patients) and more than 60% of patients with type 2 diabetes (older-onset patients) develop retinopathy during the first two decades of disease, and approximately 4% and 2% of these patients respectively, become legally blind (defined as visual acuity of 1/20). (institut-vision.org)
  • Retinopathy is already present at the time of diagnosis in 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes. (institut-vision.org)
  • Increased angiotensin II activity in these patients stimulates adhesion molecule expression and increases oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients could have more than one type of previous CV event. (repatha.ca)
  • Evaluating the effect of Dapagliflozin on Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. (who.int)
  • [ 1 ] Physical activity also reduces cardiovascular risk, and the combination of statins and high level of physical fitness reduces cardiovascular mortality in patients with hyperlipidemia patients more than either treatment alone. (medscape.com)
  • T2DM) is increasing, currently affecting around 425 required to provide more accurate information about the million patients and is estimated to increase to 629 mil- incidence and prevalence of the disease, comorbidities, lion patients by 2045 ( 1 ). (who.int)
Diuretics2
  • These results add more support to the JNC VII recommendation to use thiazide type diuretics as the initial therapy for uncomplicated hypertension. (bmj.com)
  • 1 The use of diuretics as first line therapy for uncomplicated hypertension was shown to result in substantial cost savings. (bmj.com)
Viral3
  • For an illustration depicting viral entry see Fig. 1 . (springer.com)
  • 1 , 2 , 3 The viral envelope of coronaviruses is composed of four major viral structural protein components: spike (S) protein, membrane (M) protein, nucleocapsid (N), and the envelope (E) protein. (ispe.org)
  • Angiotensin changing enzyme 2 (ACE-2) performs a key position in viral entry into host cells. (aidstar-one.com)
Diabetes mellitus2
  • The aim of this study is to describe real-world clinical practice in terms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease management and treatment patterns within Lebanon. (who.int)
  • to International Diabetes Federation report: in Lebanon, the prevalence of age-adjusted T2DM was reported to The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus be at 12.6% ( 11 ). (who.int)
Polymorphism3
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 R A1166C) gene polymorphism have both been associated with an increased risk of heart attack or stroke. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Association of toll-like receptor 3 gene polymorphism with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. (cdc.gov)
  • PD-1 gene polymorphism in children with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. (cdc.gov)
Hypertension3
  • Approved for use in group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension, there have been few trials evaluating their efficacy in group 2 pulmonary hypertension. (medscape.com)
  • The I allele of ACE gene and +1166 C allele of AT 1 R gene are reportedly associated with hypertension [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, obesity is also associated with other conditions, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes, that could confound its association with COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
Kidney6
  • 1990) A kallikrein-like enzyme in blood vessels of one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats. (nature.com)
  • Kidney damage in type 1 diabetes is the largest cause of chronic kidney disease in the working age group. (patient.info)
  • Kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes is increasing because of the increasing prevalence of people with diabetes, improved cardiovascular survival and the trend to younger onset of type 2 diabetes. (patient.info)
  • Kidney Int. 2020 Jan;97(1):31-33. (cdc.gov)
  • Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Diabetes is a major cause of heart disease and stroke among adults in the United States and is the leading cause of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations, new cases of blindness, and kidney failure (1-3). (cdc.gov)
Dipeptidyl2
  • ACE is also known by the following names: dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I peptidase P dipeptide hydrolase peptidyl dipeptidase angiotensin converting enzyme kininase II angiotensin I-converting enzyme carboxycathepsin dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase "hypertensin converting enzyme" peptidyl dipeptidase I peptidyl-dipeptide hydrolase peptidyldipeptide hydrolase endothelial cell peptidyl dipeptidase peptidyl dipeptidase-4 PDH peptidyl dipeptide hydrolase DCP CD143 ACE hydrolyzes peptides by the removal of a dipeptide from the C-terminus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme family of dipeptidyl carboxydipeptidases and has considerable homology to human angiotensin 1 converting enzyme. (joplink.net)
Antibodies1
  • These antibodies belong to a network of natural antibodies against adrenergic, cholinergic and other G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) which were shown to be dysregulated and dysfunctional in various autoimmune diseases ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
Polymerase chain re1
  • Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. (molvis.org)
Ischemic stroke1
  • The effect of pulse pressure and interactions with type of antihypertensive therapy on mortality after acute ischemic stroke has not been previously evaluated. (scirp.org)
Coronary1
  • The interactions between T174M, M235T, G-6A, A-20C, G-152A, G-217A of AGT gene, I/D of ACE gene, and A1166C of AT 1 R gene have been examined in coronary artery disease [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Converts4
  • It converts the hormone angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. (wikipedia.org)
  • Likewise it converts the inactive decapeptide angiotensin I to the octapeptide angiotensin II by removing the dipeptide His-Leu. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brain tissue has ACE enzyme, which takes part in local RAS and converts Aβ42 (which aggregates into plaques) to Aβ40 (which is thought to be less toxic) forms of beta amyloid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) converts Ang I into angiotensin II (Ang II) which acts on an angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptor. (hindawi.com)
Glycoprotein3
  • Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. (prosci-inc.com)
  • The S protein is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on the surface of coronaviruses (CoV) and is responsible for receptor binding and virion entry into the cells. (ispe.org)
  • The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses contains protrusions that will only bind to certain receptors on the host cell. (proteomecommons.org)
Aorta1
  • 1994) A kallikrein-like enzyme in the aorta of normotensive and hypertensive rats. (nature.com)
A1166C1
  • For example, the A1166C of AT 1 R gene and I/D of ACE gene have synergistic effects on acute myocardial infarction [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
RAAS1
  • The RAAS consists of an excitatory arm involving AngII (angiotensin II), ACE ( angiotensin - converting enzyme ) and the AT 1 R (AngII type 1 receptor). (portlandpress.com)
20205
  • From one of the databases used in the new study, known as IQVIA, 80,893 individuals aged younger than 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 during March 2020 to February 26, 2021, were compared to age- and sex-matched people during that period who did not have COVID-19 and to prepandemic groups with and without a diagnosis of acute respiratory illness during March 1, 2017, to February 26, 2018. (medscape.com)
  • From the second database, HealthVerity, 439,439 youth diagnosed with COVID-19 during March 1, 2020, to June 28, 2021, were compared with age- and sex-matched youth without COVID-19. (medscape.com)
  • Four new covid-19 cases linked to Egypt: [updated 1 March 2020]. (scielo.br)
  • 2020 Feb 1;174(2):e194498. (cdc.gov)
  • Milbank Q. 2020 Mar;98(1):172-196. (cdc.gov)
Natriuretic peptides2
Medications2
Captopril1
  • In animals pretreated with captopril to block possible dexamethasone stimulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme synthesis that could influence tachykinin reactivity, we found that the corticosteroid effect on post- ozone SP reactivity was as marked as that seen in animals without captopril (n = 4). (cdc.gov)
Potent2
  • Endothelin 1 is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor that causes vascular smooth muscle hyperplasia in addition to direct vasoconstrictor effects. (medscape.com)
  • Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor in a substrate concentration-dependent manner. (wikipedia.org)
Bind1
  • Because endogenous chemicals bind and activate FXR, it is important to examine which xenobiotic compounds would disrupt normal receptor function. (nature.com)
Vascular3
  • Glyoxalase-I (GLO-I) is an enzyme critical for the detoxification of AGEs and retinal vascular cell survival. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 1993) A kallikrein-like enzyme in human vascular tissue. (nature.com)
  • Raised albumin excretion rate in type 2 diabetes is often a sign of general vascular damage rather than specific renal damage. (patient.info)
Candesartan1
  • Cultured bovine retinal endothelial cells (BREC) and bovine retinal pericytes (BRP) were incubated with Ang II (100 nmol/l) or Ang II+candesartan (1 μmol/l). (diabetesjournals.org)
Transmembrane1
  • The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. (prosci-inc.com)
Synthesis1
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is crucial in the synthesis of angiotensin II, breakdown of bradykinin and the hydrolysis of several other neuropeptides such as enkephalin, substance P, dynorphin and neurotensin. (unboundmedicine.com)
Interaction1
  • Peimine (Pm), an anti-inflammatory compound from Fritillaria , is known to inhibit some voltage-dependent ion channels and muscarinic receptors, but its interaction with ligand-gated ion channels remains unexplored. (mdpi.com)
Renal4
  • Abnormal serum creatinine in type 2 diabetes is often due to renal arterial disease (eg, renal artery stenosis) and/or diuretic therapy for cardiac failure , rather than to diabetic nephropathy. (patient.info)
  • They discovered that changes in blood pressure, or alterations in Angiotensin II, provoke rapid trafficking of renal sodium transporters between membrane domains, associated with phosphorylation and pool size regulation. (usc.edu)
  • Homozygous null-mutants for WT-1 have complete renal agenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Inactivation of either GDNF or the C-ret receptor leads to renal agenesis. (medscape.com)
Extracellular2
  • In addition, inhibiting angiotensin II formation diminishes angiotensin II-mediated aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex, leading to a decrease in water and sodium reabsorption and a reduction in extracellular volume. (wikipedia.org)
  • angiotensin - converting enzyme ) and the AT 1 receptor [AngII (angiotensin II) type 1 receptor], which play an active role in promoting inflammation and deposition of extracellular matrix. (portlandpress.com)
Regulates1
  • The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates the homeostasis of bile acids, lipids and glucose. (nature.com)
Vasoconstrictor1
  • Thus, the same enzyme (ACE) that generates a vasoconstrictor (ANG II) also disposes of vasodilators (bradykinin). (wikipedia.org)
Physiological1
Tissues1
  • We have studied if Pm affects nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), since they play broad functional roles, both in the nervous system and non-neuronal tissues. (mdpi.com)