OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
LectinsMannose-Binding LectinMannoseMannose-Binding LectinsCollectinsPlant LectinsComplement Pathway, Mannose-Binding LectinMannose-Binding Protein-Associated Serine ProteasesComplement C1qCarrier ProteinsGenotypePolymorphism, GeneticMolecular Sequence DataReceptor, IGF Type 2Lectins, C-TypeMannosephosphatesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGuanosine Diphosphate MannoseCarbohydratesDolichol Monophosphate MannoseOligosaccharidesWheat Germ AgglutininsCarbohydrate SequenceProtein BindingGalectinsGlycoconjugatesAmino Acid SequenceGlycoproteinsPolysaccharidesMannosidesConcanavalin ACarbohydrate MetabolismBinding SitesGalactoseAcetylgalactosamineGalanthusGlycosylationReceptors, Cell SurfaceMonosaccharidesFucosePeanut AgglutininMannansMannosyltransferasesMannose-6-Phosphate IsomeraseAcetylglucosamineGalactosides
ProteinsPathwayPathwaysPlant lectinsComplement systemSerineGlycansMoleculesEndogenousSerumImmunosorbent assayGlycoproteinProteolyticConjugateGlycosyltransferasesMediateReceptorSequentialHydrolysisVitroTissuesOccursPathogensApoptotic cellsReceptorsGeneELISACarbohydrateInitialContributionAbundanceLymphocytesViralPLANTSSpecificFrameworkErythrocytesActivationCellsSpecificallyCell
Proteins17
  • The complement system consists of more than 35 soluble and cell-bound proteins, 12 of which are directly involved in the complement pathways. (dadamo.com)
  • Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
  • Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
  • At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates . (lookformedical.com)
  • Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates , however they are not considered lectins . (lookformedical.com)
  • PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). (lookformedical.com)
  • Asparaginyl endopeptidases (AEPs) are versatile enzymes that in biological systems are involved in producing three different catalytic outcomes for proteins, namely (i) routine cleavage by bond hydrolysis, (ii) peptide maturation, including macrocyclisation by a cleavage-coupled intramolecular transpeptidation and (iii) circular permutation involving separate cleavage and transpeptidation reactions resulting in a major reshuffling of protein sequence. (silverchair.com)
  • AEPs are widely distributed in land plants, where they are also sometimes called vacuolar processing enzymes due to their localisation in vacuoles and their role in processing vacuolar proteins [ 1 , 5 ]. (silverchair.com)
  • AZD8330 In contrast cancer cells express only high mannose-type structures (Holmes = to choose) are non-immunogenic (glyco)proteins that are able to specifically bind carbohydrate structures (http://goldbook.iupac.org). (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • Recent research has revealed that carbohydrate-binding proteins, also known as agglutinins or lectins, are found in a wide range of plant species and have an important biological function in pathogen defense responses [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have previously shown that hemocyanins are internalized by APCs through receptor-mediated endocytosis with proteins that contain C-type lectin domains, such as mannose receptor (MR). However, the contribution of other innate immune receptors to the proinflammatory signaling pathway triggered by hemocyanins is unknown. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Heme/iron-binding proteins, protease inhibitors, proteases, lipocalins and immune-related proteins were the categories most abundantly expressed in females, while glycolytic enzymes, protease inhibitors and lipocalins were the most abundantly expressed in males. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The complement system consists of a number of small proteins found in the blood, normally circulating as inactive zymogens . (wikidoc.org)
  • Some sequences are similar to those proven to be targets for effective intervention in other protozoan parasites, and include not only proteases, antioxidant enzymes, and heat shock proteins, but also those associated with relict plastids, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase and methyl erythrithol phosphate pathway components, and those involved in glycan assembly, protein folding/secretion, and parasite-host interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine proteases 2 (MASP-2) are important proteins in the lectin pathway of the immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The complement system consist of a complex family of proteins and receptors which are found in the circulation, in tissues and other body-fluids. (eaglebio.com)
Pathway9
  • This study demonstrates the details of mannose trimming in the ER by EDEM1 and EDEM3, filling an important gap in how mannose trimming creates an ERAD signal and shunts glycoproteins to the ERAD pathway. (elifesciences.org)
  • The classical, lectin, and alternative pathways converge into a final common pathway when C3 convertase (C3 con) cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The classical complement pathway typically requires antibodies for activation (specific immune response), while the alternative and mannose-binding lectin pathways can be activated by C3 hydrolysis or antigens without the presence of antibodies (non-specific immune response). (wikidoc.org)
  • The classical pathway is triggered by activation of the C1-complex (which consists of one molecule C1q and two molecules C1r and C1s), either by C1q's binding to antibodies from classes M and G, complexed with antigens , or by its binding C1q to the surface of the pathogen. (wikidoc.org)
  • According to research findings, after the pathogenic microorganism invades the body, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds with mannan residues on its surface, and activate MBL-associated serine Proteases (MASPs) and the lectin pathway of the complement system, generating non-specific immune responses [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The three pathways, designated classical, lectin and alternative pathway, converge at a central component into a final common pathway. (eaglebio.com)
  • The classical pathway is initiated by binding of C1q to antibody complexes, whereas the alternative and lectin pathway are activated in an antibody-independent fashion through the interaction of complement components with respectively specific carbohydrate groups and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the surface of foreign pathogens. (eaglebio.com)
  • Mannose binding lectin (MBL), a major component of the lectin pathway, is associated with bacterial, fungal and viral infection. (eaglebio.com)
  • The Mouse Alternative Complement Pathway ELISA is a ready-to-use solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a sandwich principle with a working time of 3½ hours. (eaglebio.com)
Pathways1
  • Activation of the complement system occurs through the classical (CP), lectin (LP), or alternative (AP) pathways. (jrheum.org)
Plant lectins2
Complement system2
  • The complement system is an enzyme cascade that helps defend against infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Protein MASP-2 and MAp19 encoded by MASP-2 genes both can bind with MBL, generate MBL-MASP compound, and then activate C4-C9 components in the complement system, generating membrane attack complex and opsonin as well as other inflammatory cytokines promoting the killing of pathogenic microorganisms [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Serine1
  • TGF-β signaling is initiated when the ligand binds to type II serine/threonine kinase receptor (TGFBR2), which then phosphorylates and activates type I serine/threonine kinase receptor (TGFBR1) [ 13 ]. (degruyter.com)
Glycans7
  • Endogenous lectins and glycans are critical signals in the resolution of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Although lectins were already known because of their ability to agglutinate red blood cells, 3 the involvement of lectins and glycans in PCD had not been elucidated. (nature.com)
  • Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
  • Griffithsin's antiviral activity stems from its ability to bind terminal mannoses present in high-mannose oligosaccharides and crosslink these glycans on the surface of the viral envelope glycoproteins. (mdpi.com)
  • glycans can't be cloned and glycosylation reactions are catalyzed by enzymes known as glycosyltransferases (GTFs) (Katrlik - digital rectal evaluation blood check (PSA level check) urine check (monitoring of irritation procedures in bladder) trans-rectal ultrasound to judge the quantity of prostate noninvasive dimension of urine stream - uroflowmetry and individual′s evaluation of the severe nature of LUTC. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • AZD8330 Desk 3 Set of the most frequent lectins their abbreviations specificity and chosen characteristics extracted from https://www.vectorlabs.com/data/brochures/K4-K7.pdf There are various techniques to analyze glycans many of them possess significant disadvantages however. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • Glycans could be seen as a a structural evaluation of glycans released from glycoproteins or by an evaluation of glycopeptides from proteolysed Gps navigation (Novotny & Alley Jr 2013 However these methods need chemical substance or enzymatic alteration of the glycoconjugate molecule and therefore can cause lack of some information regarding the framework or a binding site of glycan. (scienceexhibitions.org)
Molecules1
  • A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. (lookformedical.com)
Endogenous1
Serum4
  • it occurs when mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a serum protein, binds to mannose, fucose, or N -acetylglucosamine groups on bacterial cell walls, yeast walls, or viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the late 19th century, blood serum was found to contain a "factor" or "principle" which was capable of killing bacteria. (wikidoc.org)
  • The heat-stable component was found to confer immunity against specific microorganisms, while the heat-labile component was found to be responsible for the non-specific antimicrobial activity conferred by all normal serum. (wikidoc.org)
  • These receptors, which we now call "antibodies", were called by Ehrlich "amboceptors" to emphasize their bifunctional binding capacity: they recognize and bind to a specific antigen, but they also recognize and bind to the heat-labile antimicrobial component of fresh serum. (wikidoc.org)
Immunosorbent assay1
  • Cytokine production was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (degruyter.com)
Glycoprotein3
  • Productive folding of the protein moiety is facilitated during this period by the calnexin/calreticulin cycle in mammalian cells, which relies on G1M9-specific lectin-type chaperones (calnexin and calreticulin) associated with the oxidoreductase ERp57, and UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferases 1 and 2, which are capable of re-adding glucose to M9 if the protein moiety is not yet folded. (elifesciences.org)
  • Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. (lookformedical.com)
  • It is a glycoprotein responsible for cell signaling AZD8330 but its function in cell processes or tumorigenesis has not been fully clarified yet (Raff sources were found to be of a complex type lacking polylactosamine structures. (scienceexhibitions.org)
Proteolytic1
Conjugate1
  • Streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate will bind to the biotinylated tracer antibody. (eaglebio.com)
Glycosyltransferases1
  • The glycosylation machinery is responsible for assembling a diverse repertoire of glycan structures, collectively termed 'glycome', through the synchronized action of a portfolio of glycan-modifying enzymes including glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. (nature.com)
Mediate2
  • Adherent receptors mediate adherence of cells and other particles with bound C3b or C4b fragments and are known as CR1 to CR5. (dadamo.com)
  • Intracellular lectins and glycan-modifying enzymes mediate autophagy and control host immunity and inflammation. (nature.com)
Receptor3
  • Injectable polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels are leveraged as a depot technology for the sustained delivery of a nanoparticle antigen (RND-NP) displaying multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and potent adjuvants including CpG and 3M-052. (uw.edu)
  • Here, we show that the African Rhinolophus bat clade 3 sarbecovirus PRD-0038 S has a broad angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) usage and that receptor-binding domain (RBD) mutations further expand receptor promiscuity and enable human ACE2 utilization. (uw.edu)
  • We determine a cryo-EM structure of the PRD-0038 RBD bound to Rhinolophusalcyone ACE2, explaining receptor tropism and highlighting differences with SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. (uw.edu)
Sequential2
  • Sequential mannose trimming of N -glycan, from M9 to M8B and then to oligosaccharides exposing the α1,6-linked mannosyl residue (M7A, M6, and M5), facilitates endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of misfolded glycoproteins (gpERAD). (elifesciences.org)
  • This model explains TMEM16A activation as a sequential, direct, and V m -dependent binding of two Ca 2+ ions coupled to a V m -dependent binding of an external Cl − ion, with V m -dependent transitions between states. (emory.edu)
Hydrolysis1
Vitro1
  • We confirmed a glycan-dependent binding of hemocyanins to chimeric TLR4 in vitro. (exeter.ac.uk)
Tissues2
  • The term "chemical mediators" encompasses a wide array of substances found in various body fluids and tissues throughout the body. (libretexts.org)
  • In order to better understand how HIF-1 increases longevity and to relate these findings to mammals, our project aims to find the specific genes and tissues downstream of HIF-1 that benefit worm longevity without the consequences of VHL disease. (uw.edu)
Occurs1
  • Complement activation occurs in progressive chronic kidney disease and may contribute to the chronic inflammation that is characteristically found in the kidney. (wjgnet.com)
Pathogens2
  • Plant mannose binding lectins detect specific protein-carbohydrate combinations on pathogen surfaces and serve a key role in plant defense mechanisms against pathogens [ 24 , 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C3b binds to the surface of pathogens leading to greater internalization by phagocytic cells by opsonization . (wikidoc.org)
Apoptotic cells1
  • How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
Receptors1
  • In the Brown Group, we are interested in a superfamily of receptors called C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). (exeter.ac.uk)
Gene3
  • To our knowledge, angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) gene I/D polymorphisms have not yet been investigated in AS patients in Turkish population.This study was conducted in Turkish patients with AS to determine the frequency of I/D polymorphism genotypes of angiotensin converting enzyme gene. (molvis.org)
  • As a result of our study, angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism DD genotype could be a genetic marker in ankylosing spondylitis in a Turkish study population. (molvis.org)
  • Here, we found that the MNB1 (mannose-binding-lectin 1) gene is involved in the regulation of Fe-deficiency stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana . (biomedcentral.com)
ELISA1
  • Although an ELISA-based method was used, the readout reflects the activity rather than the binding of the transcription factors because the primary antibody provided with this kit is specific for an epitope on the bound and active form of the transcription factor. (syksignaling.com)
Carbohydrate1
  • However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition. (lookformedical.com)
Initial1
Contribution1
  • We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
Abundance2
  • Their mechanisms include maintaining physicochemical conditions in the colon (e.g., pH and bile acid profile), balancing the quantity of beneficial gut microbiota members through the production of short-chain fatty acids, reducing the abundance of putrefactive bacteria producing enzymes such as azoreductase, β-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase, and nitroreductase, binding and degrading mutagenic compounds, as well as performing immunomodulatory activities. (metabiom.org)
  • In particular, a different abundance of peptides corresponding to functionally important structures was found in the AF and intestinal SALSA. (researchgate.net)
Lymphocytes1
  • CD 11a/CD 18 are found on neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, while VLA-4 is found on monocytes and lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Viral1
  • Griffithsin (GRFT), an algae-derived lectin, is one of the most potent viral entry inhibitors discovered to date. (mdpi.com)
PLANTS3
  • On the contrary, higher H 2 O 2 concentrations were found in MNB1 -overexpressing plants, which was negatively correlated with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although Fe is a plentiful element in the environment, it is frequently found in saline-alkaline and calcareous soils as insoluble ferric hydroxides, resulting in low Fe bioavailability for plants [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To Fe acquisition from the soil, most plants have developed two major ways to absorb Fe: (1) the reduction-based strategy (Strategy I) mechanism found in all dicots and non-graminaceous monocots, and (2) the chelation-based strategy (Strategy II) mechanism found only in graminaceous plants [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific1
  • Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. (mdpi.com)
Framework1
  • The emergence of functional studies on animal lectins during the 1990s has provided the appropriate framework to better understand their roles in cell death. (nature.com)
Erythrocytes1
  • CR1 on erythrocytes may bind circulating immune complexes (that had activated complement) and transport them to the liver where the immune complexes are partially degraded and thus become more soluble. (dadamo.com)
Activation1
  • In contrast, in anergic Th1 cells, p21Cip1 persists and is available to bind to inhibit the MAPK important in early T-cell activation. (syksignaling.com)
Cells3
  • They are expressed on endothelial cells and bind to the integrins CD 11a/CD 18 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1) and VLA-4, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • Lectin-based strategies enable evaluation of intact glycoproteins as well as intact practical cells and therefore RGS3 lectin-based glycoprofiling strategies is definitely an option to instrumental evaluation. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • In ARDS, the epithelial cells lining the alveoli no longer remain tightly bound together, allowing them to fill with fluid that leaks in from surrounding tissue. (geneticlifehacks.com)
Specifically1
  • SAA specifically binds to HS glycosaminoglycan, a common constituent of all types of amyloid deposits that has been shown to facilitate conformational transition of a precursor to β-pleated sheet structure. (medscape.com)
Cell1
  • Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)