8. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by aldolase. (rahulgladwin.com)
Finally the PPP can also be used to produce glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate which can then be fed into the TCA and ETC cycles allowing for the harvest of energy. (imingo.net)
In the sixth step of the glycolytic pathway, the first step of the second phase, the payoff phase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) catalyses the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG), with the concomitant reduction of NAD + to NADH. (imingo.net)
Fermentation of cellulosic biomass goes through an atypical glycolytic pathway in this thermophilic bacterium, with various glycolytic enzymes capable of utilizing different phosphate donors, including GTP and inorganic pyrophosphate (PP i ), in addition to or in place of the usual ATP. (biomedcentral.com)
We now demonstrate that this enzyme can also phosphorylate sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway), with the V max and K m of F6P being approximately 15 folds higher and 43 folds lower, respectively, in comparison to sedoheptulose-7-phosphate. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings along with previous proteomic data suggest that Pfp, plays a role in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, while PfkA and PfkB may phosphorylate sugars in glycolysis but is responsible for sugar metabolism elsewhere under conditions outside of growth on sufficient cellobiose. (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose8
Monosaccharides with an absolute configuration identical to (R)-glyceraldehyde at the last stereocentre, for example C5 in glucose, are assigned the stereo-descriptor D-. Those similar to (S)-glyceraldehyde are assigned an L-. Glyceraldehyde can be prepared, along with dihydroxyacetone, by the mild oxidation of glycerol, for example with hydrogen peroxide and a ferrous salt as catalyst. (wikipedia.org)
Glycolysis breaks glucose (a six-carbon-molecule) down into pyruvate (a three-carbon molecule). (citizendium.org)
This is the process by which non-carbohydrate precursors are converted to glucose. (rahulgladwin.com)
Decreases in the levels of sugars and nitrogen-containing-compounds and in the activities of known 14-3-3-interacting-enzymes were observed in 14-3-3 overexpression plants. (biomedcentral.com)
Glycolysis, which translates to "splitting sugars", is the process of releasing energy within sugars. (imingo.net)
[1] In aerobic organisms , the citric acid cycle is involved in the chemical conversion of carbohydrates , fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and water to generate a form of usable energy. (citizendium.org)
The enzyme glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP+) has two substrates, glycerol and NADP+, and 3 products, D-glyceraldehyde, NADPH and H+. (wikipedia.org)
Such enzymes include the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex that synthesises the acetyl-CoA needed for the first reaction of the TCA cycle. (citizendium.org)
Also the enzymes citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, that regulate the first three steps of the TCA cycle, are inhibited by high concentrations of ATP. (citizendium.org)
This includes both the entry point enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. (citizendium.org)
7a-hydroxycholesterol then becomes 7a-hydroxy-cholestene-3-one, which is made possible by the enzyme 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7. (smpdb.ca)
These modifications were related to the reduced activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, which are key enzymes of TCA cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, extensive novel roles of 14-3-3 proteins in plant metabolism were determined through combining the parallel analyses of metabolites and enzyme activities in 14-3-3 overexpression and knockout plants with studies of protein-protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate1
Rounding out the upper glycolysis pathway, the identity of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase in the genome was verified and reported to have substantial activity with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, in the presence of the divalent ion, Zn 2+ . (biomedcentral.com)
Lipolysis is the metabolic process through which triacylglycerols (TAGs) break down via hydrolysis into their constituent molecules: glycerol and free fatty acids (FFAs). (imingo.net)
SCIRP: Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol. In this process, both in vivoand in cultur… This binding will likewise lead to the cAMP/PKA-led phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase, that will ultimately drive the release of free fatty acids and glycerol. (imingo.net)
Lipolysis /lɪˈpɒlɪsɪs/ is the metabolic pathway through which lipid triglycerides are hydrolyzed into a glycerol and three fatty acids. (imingo.net)
To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. (imingo.net)
NADH3
Several enzymes are also negatively regulated when the level of reducing equivalents in a cell are high (high ratio of NADH/NAD+). (citizendium.org)
This mechanism for regulation is due to substrate inhibition by NADH of the enzymes that use NAD+ as a substrate. (citizendium.org)
This allows the recycling of the electron carriers (NADH) back into their oxidized forms (NAD+), enabling glycolysis to continue. (microbiologynote.com)
Starch1
Definition, foods, and health effects of the Mediterranean Diet, Mediterranean Diet and greenhouse gas emissions, Structure, classification and functions of carbohydrates, Chemical structure and classification of starch, Glycogen synthesis pathway in the liver and muscle. (imingo.net)
Sucrose1
Nitrate reductase is phosphorylated in the dark by the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and the sucrose non-fermenting related kinase 1 (SnRK1) that initiates the interaction of the enzyme with the 14-3-3 proteins and its inactivation. (biomedcentral.com)
Triose1
Glyceraldehyde (glyceral) is a triose monosaccharide with chemical formula C3H6O3. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolic enzymes1
As the glyoxylate cycle is an important pathway in the utilization of alternative carbon sources, we also highlight the key metabolic enzymes in the glyoxylate cycle and its necessity for the pathogenesis of C. glabrata . (biomedcentral.com)
Molecules1
Enzymes and other proteins use ATP to power reactions, maintain ion gradients across membranes, contract muscle fibers, and transport molecules across cellular membranes. (microbiologynote.com)
Anaerobic1
In the absence of oxygen, known as anaerobic respiration, the process starts similarly with glycolysis. (microbiologynote.com)
Metabolites1
The activation or inhibition by these ligands lends support to the argument that glycolysis is regulated by metabolites such as PP i and NH 4 + in the organism. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway2
This pathway occurs in the liver, beginning with cholesterol being converted to 7a-hydroxycholesterol through the enzyme cholesterol-7-alpha-monooxygenase, after being transported into the liver cell. (smpdb.ca)
These components of the pathway occur in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, although 2 enzymes, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase and sterol 26 hydroxylase, are found in the mitochondria. (smpdb.ca)
Reactions1
Reactions that form intermediates of the cycle are called anaplerotic reactions . (citizendium.org)
Constituent1
In protein catabolism , proteins are broken down by protease enzymes into their constituent amino acids. (citizendium.org)
Liver1
The first, continuing in the liver, uses the enzyme 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid-4-deydrogenase to become 7a-hydroxy-5b-cholestan-3-one. (smpdb.ca)
Sterol1
In the mitochondria of the cell, sterol 26-hydroxylase converts 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestane to 3a,7a,26-trihydroxy-5b-cholestane, which is then converted to 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestan-26-al by the same enzyme used in the previous reaction. (smpdb.ca)
Proteins1
Plants overexpressing 14-3-3 proteins also contained decreased levels of malate and citrate, which are intermediate compounds of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Membrane1
The advantages of homochiral membranes compared to those of heterochiral membranes were analysed in terms of specific recognition, optimal functions of enzymes, membrane fluidity and topological packing. (mdpi.com)
Amino acids1
D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is one of the main enzymes that metabolize D-Amino acids via deamination. (smpdb.ca)
Compound1
This compound then uses peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 to create chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
Involves1
The first and rate-limiting step of lipolysis involves the enzyme, adipose triglyceride lipase (or ATGL), which is sensitive to hormones. (imingo.net)
Tissues1
In non-adipose tissues lacking perilipin-1 the role of HSL is less well characterized and the enzyme expression is low. (imingo.net)
Form1
Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells convert carbohydrates into energy in the form of ATP. (microbiologynote.com)
Process1
Cellular respiration is a vital metabolic process that occurs within cells, enabling the conversion of energy stored in carbohydrates into energy carriers, most notably adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (microbiologynote.com)
Responsible1
Conversely, the C-terminal half has primarily a regulatory function, and also includes the hydrophobic region responsible for the binding of lipid droplets, essential for in vivo enzyme activity. (imingo.net)
Cycle1
Many of the enzymes in the TCA cycle are regulated by negative feedback from ATP when the energy charge of the cell is high. (citizendium.org)
Type1
With the help of water, peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 turns 3a,7a-dihydoxy-5b-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA into 3a,7a,24-trihydoxy-5b-cholestanoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
Cell1
The living cell uses it as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. (wikidoc.org)