• The specific role of the argininosuccinate lyase enzyme is to start the reaction in which the amino acid arginine, a building block of proteins, is produced from argininosuccinate, the molecule that carries the waste nitrogen collected earlier in the urea cycle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In cells throughout the body, the argininosuccinate lyase enzyme is also involved in moving (transporting) arginine into cells to make a compound called nitric oxide. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other mutations replace one protein building block (amino acid) with another amino acid in the argininosuccinate lyase enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In people of Arab ancestry, two common mutations replace the amino acid glutamine with a premature stop signal at position 116 (written as Gln116Ter or Q116*) or position 354 (written as Gln354Ter or Q354*) in the argininosuccinate lyase enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the ASL gene may result in an argininosuccinate lyase enzyme that is unstable, misshapen, or quickly broken down. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If the argininosuccinate lyase enzyme is misshapen or missing, it cannot fulfill its role in the urea cycle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Title: Purification and characterization of a novel alginate lyase from a marine streptomyces species isolated from seaweed Abstract: Alginate, a natural polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, is finding multiple applications in biomedicine via its transformation through chemical, physical, and, increasingly, enzymatic processes. (up.pt)
  • In this study a novel alginate lyase, AlyDS44, was purified and characterized from a marine actinobacterium, Streptomyces luridiscabiei, which was isolated from decomposing seaweed. (up.pt)
  • AlyDS44 is a bifunctional alginate lyase, active on both polyguluronate and polymannuronate, though it preferentially degrades polyguluronate. (up.pt)
  • The optimal pH of this enzyme is 8.5 and the optimal temperature is 45¿C. It is a salt-tolerant alginate lyase with an optimal activity at 0.6 M NaCl. (up.pt)
  • The main breakdown products of the enzyme on alginate were disaccharides, trisaccharides, and tetrasaccharides, which demonstrated that this enzyme acted as an endo-type alginate lyase. (up.pt)
  • AlyDS44 is a novel enzyme, with the potential for efficient production of alginate oligosaccharides with low degrees of polymerization. (up.pt)
  • The polysaccharide lyase family 6 (PL6) represents one of the 41 polysaccharide lyase families classified in the CAZy database with the vast majority of its members being alginate lyases grouped into three subfamilies, PL6_1-3. (ox.ac.uk)
  • From comparative studies with existing structures of PL6_1 alginate lyases, we observe that in the right-handed parallel β-helix fold shared by all these enzymes, the substrate-binding site harbors the same overall conserved structures and organization. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Polysaccharide substrate specificity analysis indicated that ALW1 could produce extracellular alginate lyase, laminarinase, fucoidanase and cellulase. (springeropen.com)
  • A collection of enzymes has been isolated from microorganisms and reported to function against the diverse polysaccharide constituents of seaweed cell wall, including alginate (Gao et al. (springeropen.com)
  • He contributed isolation and enzymatic characterization of polysaccharide lyase and glycoside hydrolase belonging new families ( PL20 and GH128 ) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (cazypedia.org)
  • cDNA cloning, purification, and characterization of mouse liver selenocysteine lyase. (unipr.it)
  • Therefore, the characterization of the endo-1,4-beta-xylanase, encoded by um06350.1, is a further step towards the biotechnological application of U . maydis and its enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They belong to the three glycoside hydrolase Families 13, 70 and 77, forming a clan GH-H in the frame of the sequence-based classification of glycosidases. (go.jp)
  • There is also a glycoside hydrolase Family 57 containing some α-amylases and related enzymes especially from hyperextremophiles, which however, have sequences, according to present knowledge, unrelated to those from the main Family 13. (go.jp)
  • A total of 376 CAZymes including plentiful lignocellulolytic enzymes were predicted in P. parvum based on the fungal genomic sequence (25.8 Mb). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This investigation disclosed the CAZyme repertoire of P. parvum at the genomic and proteomic levels, and elaborated on the promising potential of fungal lignocellulolytic enzymes upon saccharification of corn bran biomass after AHP pretreatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consequently, many uncharacterized members of CAZyme families of interest have been overlooked by current methodologies (e.g., metagenomic screening) used to discover lignocellulolytic enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This enzyme catalyses the chemical reaction: chorismate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 4-hydroxybenzoate + pyruvate Its activity does not require metal cofactors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The irreversible breakdown of SIP is catalysed by sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SIPL), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme that catalyses the retro-aldol-like cleavage of SIP to (2E)-hexadecenal (2E-HEX) and phosphoethanolamine (PE). (ed.ac.uk)
  • It belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the oxo-acid-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • In enzymology, a GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.47) is an enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • The enzyme chorismate lyase (EC 4.1.3.40) catalyzes the first step in ubiquinone biosynthesis, the removal of pyruvate from chorismate, to yield 4-hydroxybenzoate in Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme has an optimum pH at 7.5 Inhibited by: Vanillate 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde 3-carboxylmethylaminmethyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4HB - ubiC is inhibited by the product of the reaction, which scientists believe serves as a control mechanism for the pathway The pathway used is called the ubiquinone biosynthesis pathway, it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone in E. coli. (wikipedia.org)
  • All three plant enzymes are localized in chloroplasts, contributing to the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA). (upm.es)
  • The enzyme participates in the menthol-biosynthesis pathway of Mentha plants. (enzyme-database.org)
  • After cloning of apophycobiliprotein genes, phycobilin biosynthesis genes and (putative) lyase genes from several cyanobacteria, various phycobiliproteins could be biosynthesized in the heterologous E. coli system using dual plasmids containing the respective genes. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) form the most widespread and structurally diverse set of enzymes involved in the breakdown, biosynthesis, or modification of lignocellulose that can be found in living organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings contribute to the discovery of novel enzymes for the breakdown, biosynthesis, or modification of lignocellulose and demonstrate that the rumen microbiome is a source of promising enzyme candidates for the biotechnology industry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this work two putative SI PL genes (BPSS2021 and BPSS2025) were identified in Burkholderia pseudomallei K96243, an organism that has not been shown to produce sphingolipids, suggesting an auxiliary role for these enzymes in this pathogenic bacterium. (ed.ac.uk)
  • These results paved the way for the application of targeted functional profiling to screen members of the GH11 and GH45 families against a de novo protein reference database comprised of 1184 uncharacterized enzymes, which led to the identification of 18 putative xylanases (GH11) and three putative endoglucanases (GH45). (biomedcentral.com)
  • AOS belongs to the superfamily of cytochrome P450 enzymes and is named CYP74A. (upm.es)
  • Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) belongs to the superfamily of phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) and catalyzes protein dephosphorylation by hydrolyzing Ser/Thr-linked phosphate ester bonds ( Heroes,2013 ). (eu.org)
  • The F35H belongs to the CYP75 superfamily of P450 enzymes. (chk1inhibitor.com)
  • Nasu, S., Wicks, F.D. and Gholson, R.K. L -Aspartate oxidase, a newly discovered enzyme of Escherichia coli , is the B protein of quinolinate synthetase. (enzyme-database.org)
  • The biochemical proof of the xylanolytic activity of the newly discovered enzyme validated the computational simulations and demonstrated the stability of the most abundant xylanase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Almost complete saccharification of the arabinoxylans was achieved by combining E_CBAX1 and a commercial enzyme cocktail Cellic®CTec3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, they had remarkable synergetic function with the commercial enzyme cocktail Cellic CTec2 (Novoyzmes). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enzymatic digestion of lignocellulose requires a specialized group of enzymes, known as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), a widespread and structurally diverse group of catalysts produced by microorganisms that are constituents of various microbiomes, including that of the mammalian gut [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Before enzymatic hydrolysis, pretreatment process is required to break down the rigid association of lignocelluloses, so that the enzymes can easily access the cellulose to hydrolyze into monomers [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Introduction of these transcription factors under control of the fruit specific E8 promoter increased the expression of most of the structural genes in the biosynthetic pathway in the tomato fruit, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone isomerase and F35H. (chk1inhibitor.com)
  • We obtained ancestral phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyases with substantially enhanced thermostability and long-term stability in Paper III and ancestral iduronate-2-sulfatases with increased activity in Paper IV . (kth.se)
  • EC 4.3.1.5), enzyme catalyzing the conversion of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid in the first step of phenylpropanoid pathway were conducted in the edible branchlets of broccoli during early postharvest senescence. (scialert.net)
  • We show that, in the AIEC strain LF82, inactivation of the pyrD gene, encoding dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD), an enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, completely abolished its ability of to grow in a macrophage environment-mimicking culture medium. (rossimicrolab.com)
  • The ASL gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called argininosuccinate lyase, which is needed for the fourth step of the urea cycle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • SLG_12830 (hpvZ), which belongs to the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family, was isolated as the HPV-converting enzyme gene. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
  • The ASL gene provides instructions for making the enzyme argininosuccinate lyase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Deletion hotspot in the argininosuccinate lyase gene: association with topoisomerase II and DNA polymerase alpha sites. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) deficiency: mutation analysis in 27 patients and a completed structure of the human ASL gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • S1PL is a PLP Fold type I carbon-carbon bond lyase belonging to the Group II PLP-dependent decarboxylase subfamily and is the terminal enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism. (ed.ac.uk)
  • To decipher the mode of recognition and action of the enzymes belonging to subfamily PL6_1, we solved the crystal structures of Pedsa0632, Patl3640, Pedsa3628 and Pedsa3807, which all show different substrate specificities and mode of action (endo-/exolyase). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, there are many cellulolytic enzymes, which have xylanolytic activity as a secondary function [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The isolation and characterisation of specific bacterial strains that colonise on seaweed provide a feasible strategy to uncover novel bioresource for seaweed breakdown and to identify new enzymes contributing to degradation capability. (springeropen.com)
  • Synergistic interactions of all these enzymes are required for the efficient degradation of xylan and the exact combination of these enzymes varies from species to species, often with a high degree of redundancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many of these are saprotrophs, requiring these enzymes for plant degradation and liberation of xylose, a primary carbon source for cell metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results show that hydrolysis by the extra-enzyme of C. owensensis made almost the same contribution as steam-exploded pretreatment on degradation of native lignocellulosic biomass. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This systematic review summarizes current understanding of this enzyme, now known as prenylcysteine oxidase 1 (PCYOX1), which hydrolyzes the thioether bond of prenylcysteines in the final step in the degradation of prenylated proteins, releasing hydrogen peroxide, cysteine and the isoprenoid aldehyde. (imrpress.com)
  • The wood-degrading fungus Schizophyllum commune is both a genetically tractable model for studying mushroom development and a likely source of enzymes capable of efficient degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. (nature.com)
  • This condition belongs to a class of genetic diseases called urea cycle disorders because they are caused by problems with a process in the body called the urea cycle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This enzyme primarily participates in the urea cycle, a series of reactions that occur in liver cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Obviously, this lyase has a much broader substrate specificity than the E/F-type lyases, but it has high site-specificity, attaching the chromophore exclusively to the Cys-84 (consensus sequence) binding site of the APC subunits. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 108.6 U/mg, with a molecular weight of 28.6 kDa, and was composed of 260 amino acid residues. (up.pt)
  • Based on structural interrogation of the enzyme, candidate residues are proposed as the possible base in the Burkholderia isoforms of the enzyme. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Nagamani SCS, Erez A, Lee B. Argininosuccinate Lyase Deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The mammalian enzymes included in this family belong to a lineage distinct from that of bacterial and plant enzymes. (unipr.it)
  • Due to this complexity, several enzyme classes are involved in the breakdown of xylan. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both of the extracellular (extra-) and intracellular (intra-) enzymes of C. owensensis cultivated on corncob xylan or xylose had cellulase (including endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase and β-glucosidase) and hemicellulase (including xylanase, xylosidase, arabinofuranosidase and acetyl xylan esterase) activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multifunctional enzymes with defined domains for metabolite compartmentalization are rare, but in many cases, larger assemblies forming multimeric protein complexes operate in defined metabolic shunts. (upm.es)
  • Nevertheless, from the structural and evolutionary points of view, these proteins may form with the enzymes common to the α-amylase protein family. (go.jp)
  • Since the transfer is intramolecular, the reaction is an elimination and, hence, the enzyme is a lyase, belonging in EC 4. (enzyme-database.org)
  • The first coupled assay uses a human bone phosphatase, PHOSPHOl, which is highly specific for the PE product of the lyase reaction. (ed.ac.uk)
  • In addition, the correct structures of the products from all three lyase types have been verified, and evidence was obtained for the reaction mechanisms. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The highly conserved regions of its amino acid sequences indicated that AlyDS44 belongs to the polysaccharide lyase family 7. (up.pt)
  • PLP enzymes exist in their resting state as a Schiff base, the aldehyde group of PLP forming a linkage with the epsilon-amino group of an active site lysine residue on the enzyme. (embl.de)
  • They are the mammalian proteins inducing transport of dibasic and neutral amino acids across cell membranes and the mammalian 4F2 heavy-chain cell surface antigens, i.e ., proteins without any functional relatedness to amylolytic enzymes. (go.jp)
  • Several algal species belonging to phaeophyta, rhodophyta and chlorophyta divisions have been recognized as crucial sources of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). (springer.com)
  • A new process for saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass by sequential hydrolysis is demonstrated in the present research, namely hyperthermal enzymolysis (70-80 °C) by enzymes of C. owensensis followed with mesothermal enzymolysis (50-55 °C) by commercial cellulase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pretreatment and detoxification steps may be removed from the bioconversion process of the lignocellulosic biomass by using the enzymes from C. owensensis . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is chorismate pyruvate-lyase (4-hydroxybenzoate-forming). (wikipedia.org)
  • Thereafter, the fungus switches to the necrotrophic phase that is associated with the production of thin secondary hyphae that ramify intra- and inter-cellularly, killing and macerating host tissues by hydrolytic enzymes ahead of infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proteins without catalytic function that exhibit clear sequence similarities to the enzymes from the α-amylase Family 13 are the main subject of this article. (go.jp)
  • These enzymes are involved in the processing of poly-ubiquitin precursors as well as that of ubiquinated proteins. (embl.de)
  • Chromium - Usually found in a variety of food sources, including proteins and vegetables, this element belongs to the supplement's trace minerals group. (patosdategardens.com)
  • Using a combination of UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), X-ray crystallography and established assay methodology we validate that these genes encode enzymes with SI PL activity. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Using the unmodified genes coding for both subunits of PEC, as well as their cystein mutants, three lyases were identified for the three binding site. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • We examined whether the genes encoding feruloyl-CoA synthetase (ferA) and feruloyl-CoA hydratase/lyase (ferB and ferB2) are involved in the conversion of VAA. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
  • Here we show that the enzyme establishes a complex radical transfer cascade and creates a cysteine and a tyrosyl radical dyade to establish repair. (cipsm.de)
  • Cysteine peptidases with an intein-like fold are included in clan PD, which also includes asparagine lyases. (embl.de)
  • A cysteine peptidase is a proteolytic enzyme that hydrolyses a peptide bond using the thiol group of a cysteine residue as a nucleophile. (embl.de)
  • Four clans of cysteine peptidases share structural similarities with serine and threonine peptidases and asparagine lyases. (embl.de)
  • L-Cysteine, also known as C or e 920, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cysteine and derivatives. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
  • which is mediated by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase type 1. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
  • In addition, L-cysteine can be converted into hydrogen sulfide and pyruvic acid through the action of the enzyme cystathionine gamma-lyase. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
  • Taxonomic lineage: bacteria → proteobacteria → gammaproteobacteria → enterobacteriales → enterobacteriaceae → escherichia → Escherichia coli This enzyme is a monomer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, we applied the method to two therapeutically relevant enzyme families associated with rare metabolic disorders. (kth.se)
  • Exploring molecular determinants of polysaccharide lyase family 6-1 enzyme activity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is a single polypetide enzyme with a molecular mass around 120 kDa and a pH optimum of pH 4.0-6.5. (go.jp)
  • Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)
  • Some of these enzymes are involved in fungal morphological changes. (cazypedia.org)
  • The present study aimed to investigate the capability of the filamentous fungus Penicillium parvum 4-14 to enzymatically saccharify CBAX and reveal the fungal carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) repertoire by genome sequencing and secretome analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we describe the development of two new enzyme-coupled assays that use UV-vis to measure the activity of SIPLs providing a convenient method for enzyme characterisation. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The lyase is highly specific toward α-1, 4-glucosidic bonds and shows negligible activity toward α-1, 6-glucosidic bonds. (go.jp)
  • We also tested the lyase activity of the deoxyhyposyl-hydroxylase (DOHH) from the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • This enzyme has Heat-like repeats that are characteristic for the E/F-type lyases, but it had not chromophore-attaching activity. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • One specific application of enzymes in life science is their use as biopharmaceuticals, which typically benefits from high catalytic activity and stability. (kth.se)
  • Both enzymes represent non-canonical CYP450 family members. (upm.es)
  • At present the α-amylase enzyme family covers 27 different enzyme specificities from hydrolases (EC 3), transferases (EC 2) and isomerases (EC 5). (go.jp)
  • Recent studies showed that α-glucosidases could be divided into two groups, family I and family II, in which family I enzymes belong to the α-amylase family. (go.jp)
  • The enzyme is a member of the succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate-reductase family of enzymes [5]. (enzyme-database.org)
  • Aside from garcinia cambogia, HCA can be found in other tropical fruits/plants that belong to the same group as the aforementioned, including garcinia indica (kokum, part of the mangosteen family) and garcinia atroviridis (Asam gulugur, native to Malaysia and Indonesia). (patosdategardens.com)
  • The results imply that, in addition to PAL, other lignin-specific enzymes and/or tissue structural changes may have more significant roles in tissue toughening of broccoli branchlets. (scialert.net)
  • The aim of the work presented in this thesis is to enhance the therapeutic potential of enzymes by means of enzyme engineering, in particular using ancestral sequence reconstruction. (kth.se)
  • In summary, the results presented herein highlight the potential of ancestral sequence reconstruction as a method to obtain stable enzyme scaffolds for further engineering and to enhance therapeutic properties of enzymes. (kth.se)
  • The enzyme has a preference for NADPH as the reductant, with NADH being a poor substitute [2]. (enzyme-database.org)
  • Finally, blocking lipogenesis with fatty acid synthase inhibitors (cerulenin and C75) and siRNA-mediated silencing of SREBP1 and ATP citrate lyase (ACL) significantly attenuated GSK3 inhibition-induced senescence. (koreamed.org)
  • Information on substrate flow and regulation through the branch point between flavonol and anthocyanin synthesis is however not fully eluci dated, and for tomato the enzymes acting in the branch point have not been extensively characterised. (chk1inhibitor.com)
  • 1994). The enzyme has also been reported to control the synthesis of lignin causing textural changes in bamboo shoots (Chen et al . (scialert.net)
  • Elevated levels of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) cause atherosclerotic disease, and proteomic analyses have found that these lipoproteins are endowed with prenylcysteine lyase. (imrpress.com)
  • It is an exo-acting enzyme and starts its cleavage from the non-reducing end, converting the glucose units to 1, 5-anhydrofructose until the last glucose unit on the reducing end is reached or a branching point is met. (go.jp)
  • Enzymes are versatile biocatalysts that fulfill essential functions in all forms of life and, therefore, play an important role in health and disease. (kth.se)
  • Much remains to be learned about the biology of mushroom-forming fungi, which are an important source of food, secondary metabolites and industrial enzymes. (nature.com)
  • In vivo, the correct attachment of most chromophores is catalyzed by binding-site and chromophore-specific lyases. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • When the native corn stover and corncob were respectively, sequentially hydrolyzed by the extra-enzymes of C. owensensis and CTec2, the glucan conversion rates were 31.2 and 37.9 %,which were 1.7- and 1.9-fold of each control (hydrolyzed by CTec2 alone), whereas the glucan conversion rates of the steam-exploded corn stover and corncob hydrolyzed by CTec2 alone on the same loading rate were 38.2 and 39.6 %, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The liver, which is responsible for vehiculization of the enzyme in lipoproteins, is one of the main organs responsible for its expression, together with the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, male reproductive tissue and muscle. (imrpress.com)
  • This enzyme, like EC 4.2.2.17 [inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-forming)] and EC 4.2.2.18 [inulin fructotransferase (DFA-III-forming)] eliminates the fructan chain from the terminal disaccharide leaving a difructose dianhydride. (enzyme-database.org)
  • Only two such lyases, which both belong to the E/F-type were known at the beginning of this work. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Two additional types, S/(U)-type and T-type lyase, have been characterized during this work. (uni-muenchen.de)