• 1) Or were you aware that one out of every ten ingredients used in cosmetic and personal care products shows evidence of reproductive toxicity in laboratory studies? (sustainablog.org)
  • 170) 1.Hazardous substances - toxicity 2.Environmental exposure 3.Guidelines I.Series ISBN 92 4 157170 5 (NLM Classification: WA 465) ISSN 0250-863X The World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. (inchem.org)
  • The authors of the new NIOSH nurses study note that other studies of formaldehyde's reproductive toxicity have been limited. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Although the authors of the new study caution that previous studies on ethylene oxide's reproductive toxicity have had limited sample sizes, these effects have been documented in peer-reviewed studies, some dating back to the 1980s. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Reviews assessing the safety and toxicity of DEET conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Canadian Pest Management Regulatory Agency conclude that DEET has low acute toxicity and does not appear to pose a significant health concern to humans when used as directed. (cdc.gov)
  • This process (orchestrated by the HPO axis) occurs with amazing regularity throughout most of a woman's reproductive lifetime. (medscape.com)
  • This chapter addresses the management of weight related to three phases of a woman's reproductive years - precon-ception, during pregnancy and postpartum - for adult wom-en with obesity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Environmental health hazards: how children are different from adults. (cdc.gov)
  • Polluting industries and environmental hazards disproportionately harm Indigenous, Black and other racialized communities. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • If passed, Bill C-226 would require the federal government to study the relationship(s) between racialization and socio-economic status and environmental hazards and harm. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • Nurses face many hazards on the job, and one that clearly demands more detailed analysis than it's received to date is the effect of occupational chemical exposures on nurses' reproductive health. (scienceblogs.com)
  • publishes a list of chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer or other reproductive harm. (homedepot.ca)
  • 2022). It has excluded and continues to exclude, oppress and harm vast portions of those living in Canada through intergenerational trauma and new forms of cultural genocide, such as the overrepresentation of Black and Indigenous people in the Canadian criminal justice system (Walker, 2022). (canadian-nurse.com)
  • More recently, a 2007 survey of 1,500 nurses undertaken by Environmental Working Group, Healthcare Without Harm, American Nurses Associations, and University of Maryland School of Nursing found that nurses exposed to sterilizing agents had a 20% higher incidence of miscarriage than those who were not. (scienceblogs.com)
  • The study, published this week in the journal Environmental Science and Technology , found that exposure to some hazardous chemicals was higher among nail technicians than among electronic waste workers. (utoronto.ca)
  • The chemicals in question have been associated with adverse health effects, including neurological and reproductive effects, with some evidence that in utero exposure may be important. (utoronto.ca)
  • This review brings data about cancer types whose eatiology may be found in environmental exposure to xenoestrogens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer types that have been well documented in literature to be related with environmental exposure include the reproductive system, breast, lung, kidney, pancreas, and brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In fact, in utero exposure to DES alters the normal programming of gene families, such as Hox and Wnt , that play important roles in reproductive tract differentiation. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Animal studies that simulate the human DES experience have since shown that exposure of the developing reproductive tract of CD-1 mice to DES imparts a permanent estrogen imprint that alters reproductive tract morphology, induces persistent expression of the lactoferrin and c-fos genes and induces a high incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Environmental racism "is the disproportionate proximity and greater exposure of Indigenous (including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit), Black and other racialized communities to polluting industries and environmentally hazardous activities" (Waldron, 2021, para. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • An obvious source is the emissions exposure inside and outside the big yellow school buses Canadian children ride to school each day. (sierraclub.ca)
  • Homeowners and businesses close to these loading and idling zones are also susceptible to the diesel exposure and nuisance.HSD is a project of the Canadian Partnership for Children's Health and Environment and supported by numerous organizations across Canada. (sierraclub.ca)
  • However, a 2011 University of California Berkeley School of Public Health review of past studies found formaldehyde exposure to be associated with miscarriage, as well as other adverse reproductive and developmental health effects. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Geographic location determines place-based factors, such as access to transportation, housing, food, and health care and exposure to environmental conditions, such as violence and air and water quality, all of which can affect maternal health. (cdc.gov)
  • Health care providers must be equipped to provide appropriate advice to reproductive-aged patients for protection against the potentially devastating consequences of prenatal Zika virus exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • More recently Canada restricted the use of BPA, a known endocrine disrupting chemical, in baby bottles but neglected to restrict its use other products including food can linings or thermal receipt paper. (cela.ca)
  • Endocrine disruption leads to carcinogenic, reproductive and developmental effects. (alexanderlaw.com)
  • Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogen widely used in the plastic food packaging industry has been shown to affect many physiological functions and has been linked to reproductive, endocrine and metabolic disorders and cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • What is more, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has even revealed that toxic chemicals in household cleaners are three times more likely to cause cancer than outdoor air! (sustainablog.org)
  • Several of the chemicals studied have some restrictions on their use (or restrictions are proposed) under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act . (utoronto.ca)
  • The Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) - which regulates how Canada assesses and manages chemicals in the Canadian economy is under review This is a good thing because our chemical framework does not promote the use of safer substitutes to hazardous chemicals - particularly in the products we use in our homes and workplaces. (cela.ca)
  • These chemicals are widely detected in indoor dust, water and air and many of these chemicals are linked to childhood learning disabilities, different cancers and reproductive and developmental impacts. (cela.ca)
  • The stark difference in approach to PERC use for drycleaners in Canada and Massachusetts represent a missed opportunity to promote innovation to safer chemicals use. (cela.ca)
  • Exposures to hazardous chemicals, even in small amounts, are linked to reproductive, behavioral, metabolic impacts and chronic diseases such as cancer, asthma and diabetes. (environmentaldefence.ca)
  • Canadians are exposed to chemicals from many sources, and the cumulative impact of these exposures is especially hazardous to vulnerable populations. (environmentaldefence.ca)
  • These chemicals are used as foaming agents for fire retardants, and they bioaccumulate in humans and animals resulting in potential reproductive and developmental issues. (usda.gov)
  • EU CMRs Chemicals classified by the European Union as carcinogens, mutagens, or reproductive toxicants pursuant to Category 1A or 1B in Annex VI to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008. (rbnainfo.com)
  • Canada PBTs Chemicals that are identified as persistent, bioaccumulative, and inherently toxic to the environment by the Canadian Environmental Protection Act Environmental Registry Domestic Substances List. (rbnainfo.com)
  • US EPA Priority Chemicals List Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic Priority Chemicals that are identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency's National Waste Minimization Program. (rbnainfo.com)
  • In 2002, a new concept of "environmental obesogens" emerged, suggesting that environmental chemicals could play an active role in the etiology of obesity. (bvsalud.org)
  • By bringing together experts in microbiology, epidemiology, reproductive biology and forage nutrition, the project aims to integrate the advances in omics tools to address challenges in the beef industry such as disease management, fertility improvement and environmental impact mitigation - something already in place in the dairy, hog and poultry industries. (thecattlesite.com)
  • Potential reproductive effects include disruption of ovarian function, reduced sperm production, and reduced fertility. (alexanderlaw.com)
  • Specifically, DES daughters exhibited malformed reproductive organs and reduced fertility, and experienced a high incidence of ectopic pregnancies, miscarriages, and premature births. (alexanderlaw.com)
  • Dr White's research interests centre on Canada's misplaced reproductive law and laissez-faire regulation of fertility treatments. (kent.ac.uk)
  • She uses assisted Canadian and USA reproductive registry information and birth registration data to examine compliance to professional fertility treatment guidelines and to profile surrogacy practices and outcomes. (kent.ac.uk)
  • These observed effects on sperm concentrations and counts "could impact a man's fertility," said Dr. Ranjith Ramasamy , director of male reproductive medicine and surgery at the University of Miami Health System. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Disease and health impacts are many and include lung cancer, asthma, lung and heart problems, reproductive and developmental effects, allergy symptoms, the list goes on. (sierraclub.ca)
  • These are but a few examples of how the field of epigenetics has and will continue to contribute to our mechanistic understanding of the impact of environmental contaminants on reproductive health. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • These results contribute to the growing understanding of how environmental contaminants can influence nuclear receptor activity and associated health risks. (bvsalud.org)
  • CEPA is Canada's cornerstone piece of environmental legislation governing pollution and toxic substances. (nawl.ca)
  • These occurrences are rare and, in cases to date, the CFIA and Health Canada's assessments have not identified health or environmental safety concerns associated with these incidents. (canada.ca)
  • The Canadian Agricultural Partnership is a five-year, $3-billion investment by Canada's federal, provincial and territorial governments to strengthen and grow Canada's agriculture, agri-food and agri-products sectors. (gov.mb.ca)
  • A multi-agency research team led by University of Saskatchewan (USask) veterinary reproductive biologist Dr. Gregg Adams (DVM, PhD) aims to make rapid strides in improving the productivity, efficiency and sustainability of Canada's $18-billion beef sector by integrating advances from the field of omics into livestock production. (thecattlesite.com)
  • Reproductive effects of chemical exposures in health professionals. (cdc.gov)
  • Similar effects have been reported before , but this is one of the largest studies ever to look at these exposures, explained Christina Lawson, a reproductive epidemiologist with NIOSH and study author. (scienceblogs.com)
  • As a result, female offspring exposed to DES in utero are at increased risk of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix, structural reproductive tract anomalies, infertility and poor pregnancy outcomes, while male offspring have an increased incidence of genital abnormalities and a possibly increased risk of prostate and testicular cancer. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Uterus Development and the Environment - Women exposed to DES in utero during critical periods of reproductive tract development developed several types of reproductive tract abnormalities, as well as an increased incidence of cervical-vaginal cancer later in life. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • In the early-1970's, doctors began to notice reproductive abnormalities in the sons and daughters of DES mothers. (alexanderlaw.com)
  • An understanding of the normal cyclic fluctuations of the two gonadotropins (ie, luteinizing hormone [LH] and follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) and the primary female reproductive hormones (ie, estrogen and progesterone) helps clarify the hormonal abnormalities associated with anovulation. (medscape.com)
  • Environment Canada compiled an extensive report on alternatives to PERC in drycleaning and the Canadian Centre for Pollution Prevention (C2P2) began to engage with drycleaners to disseminate information on alternative non-PERC solvents and technologies. (cela.ca)
  • CDC - NCEH] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - National Center for Environmental Health - Healthy Homes - Environmental Justice. (cdc.gov)
  • On March 23rd, 2023, Suzanne Zaccour, our Head of Feminist Law Reform, published an op-ed in The Hill Times with our partners from the #Women4GunControl Coalition Erin Whitmore (Ending Violence Association of Canada) and Paulette Senior (Canadian Women's Foundation). (nawl.ca)
  • FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: 07/03/2023 Weapons designed for war are a threat to the safety of women and girls, groups say Ottawa, ON: Thirty-one women's and feminist organizations from across Canada are calling on Prime Minister Trudeau to honour his government's longstanding commitment to ban assault-style firearms in Canada. (nawl.ca)
  • innovative application of artificial intelligence, machine learning, behavioural science and genomics to enhance resource efficiency for environmental sustainability of sow farms in Manitoba using welfare friendly production. (gov.mb.ca)
  • However, because our toxics law has not been meaningfully updated in decades, many hazardous substances that are known to cause reproductive, behavioural and cardiovascular effects are still found in consumer products. (environmentaldefence.ca)
  • However, a large body of data accumulated over the last decade, with a recent significant contribution of molecular biology, clearly shows that this historical simplistic interpretation of biomonitoring data fails to answer a number of questions about environmental threats to human health. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Students should be enrolled in a degree program in Biology or environmental science, and have an interest in ecotoxicology. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • There are also four subspecies of ostriches that are separated by a gradient of genetic differentiation making them an ideal system for studying reproductive isolation and mate compatibility. (lu.se)
  • Despite the considerable efforts to decrease environmental pollution we still witness uncontrolled introduction of new compounds in living and working environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In spring 1994, The Financial Post in Toronto dumped its biweekly environment/business column, written for four and a half years by Colin Isaacs, former executive director of Pollution Probe and currently a respected environmental consultant. (rrj.ca)
  • White, settler, middle class, cis-gendered, heterosexual, able-bodied), have a responsibility to listen to and learn from those unjustly affected by environmental health harms such as pollution and hazardous waste. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • See https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/fuels-air-pollution.htmlEnvironmentally, diesel is a fossil fuel, and of course, is a contributor to carbon emissions. (sierraclub.ca)
  • Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. (ewg.org)
  • Ottawa, ON, Anishinaabe territory: Bill S-5, Strengthening Environmental Protection for a Healthier Canada Act, is the first major reform of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) in over 20 years. (nawl.ca)
  • In fact PFAS is a growing threat to Canadian health and our environment which can never be solved by the current chemical by chemical risk management approach within CEPA. (cela.ca)
  • For the first time, to our knowledge, we document the disruptive effects of challenging environmental conditions on the breeding processes of a monogamous population, potentially mediated by higher reproductive costs, changes in phenology and physiological stress. (researchgate.net)
  • Reproductive Effects: None known. (edocr.com)
  • There are no benefits (see reasons #11-19), only risks (see reasons #21-36), for infants ingesting this heightened level of fluoride at such an early age (an age where susceptibility to environmental toxins is particularly high). (fluoridealert.org)
  • Nail technicians have been raising concerns about the impact of their work on their bodies, including worries about reproductive, respiratory, skin and musculoskeletal health for many years now," says Victoria Arrandale , co-author and assistant professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health. (utoronto.ca)
  • If October 25, 1994 was a black day for the Russian environment, it was darker still for Canadian environmental journalism. (rrj.ca)
  • The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) formed a scientific advisory committee in 2005 and determined that PFOA is "likely to be carcinogenic in humans. (usda.gov)
  • Although these reproductive periods are addressed separately, it is important to consider that these phases re. (bvsalud.org)
  • Healthy Homes and Lead Poisoning Prevention Program - Environmental Justice - Frequently Asked Question. (cdc.gov)
  • Including efforts to address environmental racism within the social justice mandate of nursing could diversify the range of perspectives that hold power in health care and health policy-making. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • Environmental racism is a human rights and health issue of relevance for nurses in Canada committed to advancing racial and social justice. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • Because social justice and health equity are explicit mandates of nursing, there is a clear impetus for nurses in Canada to develop practices that address environmental justice. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • The Canadian government may pass first-of-its-kind legislation to address environmental racism and promote environmental justice in this country. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • Because health equity and social justice are central to the Canadian nursing paradigm, environmental racism is worthy of sustained attention from nurses in research, education, advocacy and policy," Alysha T. Jones says. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • In February 2022, Green Party MP Elizabeth May reintroduced Bill C-226 , the National Strategy Respecting Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice Act , to the House of Commons. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • In this brief analysis, I will examine environmental racism as both a determinant of health and a pressing health justice issue that calls for attention from the nursing profession in Canada. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • Under Canadian legislation, the presence of an unauthorized plant product in the marketplace or environment constitutes regulatory non-compliance. (canada.ca)
  • Environmental Concerns: None known. (edocr.com)
  • The apathy of the media in covering the environment is compounded by something even more disturbing at the Globe: antipathy toward environmental concerns. (rrj.ca)
  • Data were collected for plant size, overlying cover (the species is sensitive to high shade), reproductive variables, and various cladode (pad) characteristics to assess response to local conditions. (bioone.org)
  • Student also will acquire skills to assess reproductive physiology and behaviour. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • During her time with UGA, Cannon worked with the college's Georgia Beef Challenge, Bull Evaluation Program, and the Heifer Evaluation and Reproductive Development (HERD) Program. (gfb.org)
  • Please see the options below and explore how you can help build a stronger environmental future. (sierraclub.ca)
  • Cannon taught business classes at Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College for seven years before pursuing fulltime work with Cannon Marketing, the family business dedicated to marketing purebred cattle throughout the Eastern United States and Canada. (gfb.org)
  • She later served 16 years at the UGA College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences Tifton Campus. (gfb.org)
  • Five to six years ago, an environmental crisis of this kind would have made huge headlines, with months of follow-up commentary about the damage to the natural landscape, the loss of livelihoods and wildlife, the obligations of corporations and governments to protect the environment. (rrj.ca)
  • Adams's Integrated omics for sustainable animal agriculture and environmental stewardship (IntegrOmes) project has been awarded $6.76 million over five years by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) , with another $10.1 million expected from institutional partners, private industry and vendor in-kind support. (thecattlesite.com)
  • AUB occurs most often in the beginning and end of the reproductive years: 20% of cases occur in adolescent females, and as many as 50% of women aged 40-50 years experience AUB (see Abnormal [Dysfunctional] Uterine Bleeding and Abnormal [Dysfunctional] Uterine Bleeding in Emergency Medicine ). (medscape.com)
  • Opuntia cespitosa (until recent taxonomic splitting, identified as O. humifusa ) is an endangered cactus in Canada, is found in only two populations nationwide after some local extirpations. (bioone.org)
  • One phthalate plasticizer, DEHP, which is not allowed for use in cosmetics under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act , was found at low levels. (utoronto.ca)
  • What actions are taken by regulators when unauthorized plant products are found in the Canadian food or feed marketplace or in the environment? (canada.ca)
  • In addition to evaluating the safety of plant products that are proposed for use or release in Canada, the CFIA and Health Canada address cases where unauthorized plant products are found in the Canadian food or feed marketplace or in the environment. (canada.ca)
  • Yet several products we tested from dollar stores (Dollarama, Dollar Tree) in Canada were found to contain components with high levels of lead which is a significant health hazard, particularly to children. (environmentaldefence.ca)
  • However, whether environmental fluctuations directly modulate the prevalence of divorce in a population remains poorly understood. (researchgate.net)
  • Results for this species in its last major Canadian population include that site conditions affect variables such as etiolation, in addition to shade. (bioone.org)
  • Population reduction worldwide would require crash programs to provide reproductive health care and birth control services. (drmcdougall.com)
  • Although historically oestrogen has been related to development of reproductive system, research over the last decade has confirmed its crucial role in the development and homeostasis of other organ systems. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2021). There are urgent and compelling reasons why this is so: racism in Canadian society and our health-care system is pervasive and systemic. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • In 2011, a revised terminology system for AUB in nongravid reproductive-age women was introduced by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). (medscape.com)
  • Here, using a longitudinal dataset on the long-lived black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) as a model organism, we test the hypothesis that environmental variability directly affects divorce. (researchgate.net)
  • The University of Regina (Canada), Canada. (earthlife.net)
  • University of Manitoba (Canada), Canada. (earthlife.net)
  • Project Censored Canada is a joint venture of the Canadian Association of Journalists and Simon Fraser University that annually solicits and lists the most under-reported stories in the mainstream media. (rrj.ca)
  • Also in 1993, prompted in large part by the Vancouver Sun's drastic decline in environmental coverage, Simon Fraser University organized a conference called "Take Back the News" that critically examined mainstream media's treatment of environmental issues. (rrj.ca)
  • Between 1999 and 2010, she lectured at University of Carleton, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies where she taught Cultural Geography and Qualitative Research Methods. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Presentations and updates by dynamic Indigenous women working for the health of Mother Earth and future generations from California and around the US, Canada, Alaska, Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, the Caribbean and the Pacific Islands. (indybay.org)
  • EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (ewg.org)
  • Reporting Requirements: The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has established a Reportable Quantity (RQ) for release of this material. (edocr.com)
  • This lag is a serious obstacle in identifying current environmental health risks and setting timely effective preventive measures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2008 she was given an award by the Canadian Bureau of International Education for her innovative work with young people in development contexts. (mcgill.ca)
  • In Canada, novel plant products derived through biotechnology must be kept in containment (such as in laboratories or greenhouses) during the research and development stage. (canada.ca)
  • The governments of Canada and Manitoba are investing $2.2 million in three agricultural research projects, to be conducted by Topigs Norsvin Canada (TN), that will enhance the competitiveness of Manitoba pork producers by improving the precision feeding of sows and promoting higher animal welfare standards, Federal Agriculture and Agri-Food Minister Marie-Claude Bibeau and Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development Minister Ralph Eichler announced today. (gov.mb.ca)
  • Next steps in the devel- opment of guidance for GMP and research to improve the scientific basis of the models are described based on a review of the current status of the application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in risk assessments in Europe, Canada, and the Uni- ted States at the International Workshop on the Development of GMP for PBPK Models in Greece on April 27-29, 2007. (cdc.gov)
  • Investors' environmental guidelines : Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Slovak Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania / developed by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Community's PHARE Programme. (who.int)
  • Funding is provided by the Ag Action Manitoba Program-Research and Innovation, through the Canadian Agricultural Partnership. (gov.mb.ca)
  • Nurses in Canada, particularly those with more power and privilege within the dominant social order (i.e. (canadian-nurse.com)
  • The role of steroids in carcinogenesis has become a major concern in environmental protection, biomonitoring, and clinical research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But all environmental issues made news then because of an unprecedented awakening of public concern. (rrj.ca)
  • Quota management was introduced in Canada in 1971 amid concern that the herds were being depleted. (gc.ca)
  • On the anniversary of the overturning of Roe v. Wade, NAWL joins 128 other equality-seeking organizations in calling on all levels of government to do more for gender equality and for women and 2SLGBTQIA+ people's sexual and reproductive rights and bodily autonomy. (nawl.ca)
  • There is also scientific evidence that the health of women of reproductive age may be improved through the provision of Preconception Care (PCC). (bvsalud.org)
  • EC (Environment Canada). (ewg.org)
  • Global Reproductive Health and the Environment: What Does the Evidence Say? (ucsd.tv)
  • It is also highly toxic to aquatic life according to Environment Canada. (sustainablog.org)
  • This fact sheet describes the current Canadian approach to managing cases of unauthorized presence of plants (and their products) derived through biotechnology in food, livestock feed, and the environment. (canada.ca)
  • Isaacs, whose column usually encouraged and described industry's environmental initiatives, was told that the Post's readers "weren't interested in the environment anymore. (rrj.ca)
  • To its credit, The Toronto Star hasn't dropped its weekly environment page, but one gets the feeling it's more a token gesture-environmental issues don't get much space elsewhere in the paper. (rrj.ca)
  • This year April 4, 2019, is Healthy Schools Day (HSD) in Canada, every year Annually HSD highlights an important challenge to children's health and the environment. (sierraclub.ca)
  • This study points to the need to consider the wide range of workplace settings when regulating chemical use in Canada. (utoronto.ca)
  • In the interest of all users of the Environmental Health Criteria monographs, readers are kindly requested to communicate any errors that may have occurred to the Director of the International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, in order that they may be included in corrigenda. (inchem.org)