• These extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates, and affecting not just terrestrial species but also large sectors of marine life. (wikipedia.org)
  • With widespread degradation of biodiversity hotspots, such as coral reefs and rainforests, as well as other areas, the vast majority of these extinctions are thought to be undocumented, as the species are undiscovered at the time of their extinction, which goes unrecorded. (wikipedia.org)
  • The current rate of extinction of species is estimated at 100 to 1,000 times higher than natural background extinction rates and is increasing. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the past 100-200 years, biodiversity loss and species extinction have accelerated, to the point that most conservation biologists now believe that human activity has either produced a period of mass extinction, or is on the cusp of doing so. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most popular theory is that human overhunting of species added to existing stress conditions as the Holocene extinction coincides with human colonization of many new areas around the world. (wikipedia.org)
  • This Great Acceleration or Anthropocene epoch has also accelerated species extinction. (wikipedia.org)
  • There have been extinctions of species on every land mass and in every ocean: there are many famous examples within Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, North and South America, and on smaller islands. (wikipedia.org)
  • Marine extinction intensity during the Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K-Pg Tr-J P-Tr Cap Late D O-S Mass extinctions are characterized by the loss of at least 75% of species within a geologically short period of time (i.e., less than 2 million years). (wikipedia.org)
  • Meanwhile the tone-deaf Trump administration has gutted nearly 100 environmental regulations, including the Endangered Species Act. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • The United Nations has warned that one million species are at risk of extinction. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • They support estimates that one-fifth of all species are in danger of extinction by midcentury, and half or more by 2100, if governments don't take action to stop extinction. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • The Center for Biological Diversity is a national, nonprofit conservation organization with more than 1.7 million members and online activists dedicated to the protection of endangered species and wild places. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • Trophy hunting and other activities involving the targeting of high-quality male animals could lead to the extinction of certain species faced with changing environmental conditions, according to new research. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We found that 'selective harvest' has little effect when the environment is relatively constant, but environmental change is now a dangerous reality across the globe for considerable numbers of species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When all members of the same species die, we call that extinction . (quizlet.com)
  • Mass extinction is, therefore, when a large number of species becomes extinct in a relatively short time. (quizlet.com)
  • The response was mass extinction events, when many species went extinct followed by a very slow recovery. (skepticalscience.com)
  • The fossil record of the end Permian mass extinction reveals a staggering loss of life: perhaps 80-95% of all marine species went extinct. (skepticalscience.com)
  • However, if this were the cause of coral reef extinction, 99% of the world's coral species would be wiped out in weeks or months. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Lead author Gerardo Ceballos Gonzalez, a professor of ecology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, told CNN that approximately 173 species went extinct between 2001 and 2014, which 'is 25 times more extinct species than you would expect under the normal, background, extinction rate. (commondreams.org)
  • Extinction has dire consequences not only for the species that are wiped out but also for humanity, including an increased risk of health threats like Covid-19, which has killed over 376,000 people worldwide and infected more than 6.3 million, coauthor and Stanford biologist Paul Ehrlich explained in a statement Monday. (commondreams.org)
  • What we do to deal with the current extinction crisis in the next two decades will define the fate of millions of species,' warned Ceballos Gonzalez. (commondreams.org)
  • They also found that 84% of land vertebrate species with populations under 5,000 live in the same areas as those on the brink of extinction. (commondreams.org)
  • Given that 'extinction breeds extinctions' and the consequences of such losses, the study recommends that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 'immediately' classify all species with populations under 5,000 as critically endangered. (commondreams.org)
  • WASHINGTON- The Center for Biological Diversity joined more than 140,000 people today urging the Biden administration to restore the full power of the Endangered Species Act. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • She indicates how the widespread use on agricultural crops of neonicotinoid insecticides and the herbicide glyphosate, both of which cause immune suppression, make species vulnerable to emerging infectious pathogens, driving large-scale wildlife extinctions, including essential pollinators. (huffpost.com)
  • LOS ANGELES (AP) - The California condor is facing the deadliest strain of avian influenza in U.S. history, and the outbreak could jeopardize the iconic vulture with its 10-foot (3.05-meter) wingspan decades after conservationists saved the species from extinction . (yahoo.com)
  • an area where special environmental circumstances have enabled a species or a community of species to survive after extinction in surrounding areas. (dictionary.com)
  • The biological or ecological sense of English refugium "an area where special environmental circumstances have enabled a species or a community of species to survive after extinction in surrounding areas," is a straightforward borrowing of the Latin noun refugium . (dictionary.com)
  • However, crocodiles are still threatened by other human activities and some species will likely succumb to the current mass extinction faced by the planet. (newswise.com)
  • They show a remarkable resilience to cataclysmic climate change and habitat loss, however half of all living crocodile species are threatened with extinction and the rate of vertebrate species loss will soon equal or even exceed that of the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs. (newswise.com)
  • The state environmental agency estimates longterm damage to soil quality, greater susceptibility to erosion, and a change in biological dynamics - all of which raise the risk of extinction of rare species present in the region. (mongabay.com)
  • Conservative estimates of population viability suggested that 1800 species, which accounted for 20% of all freshwater fishes, had become extinct or on the verge of extinction in 1992 2 . (nature.com)
  • For example, IUCN Criterion D categorizes the level of threat based on a set of threshold population sizes, whilst Criterion E uses the projected risk of extinction faced by a species over a specified period (IUCN 2005). (nature.com)
  • Even in areas that the Service has legally designated as critical habitat essential for helping species dodge extinction and recover, pesticides are frequently used. (centerforfoodsafety.org)
  • It has helped prevent the extinctions of hundreds of species of plants and animals and promoted recovery efforts that have ensured future generations live in a world with bald eagles, American alligators and Steller sea lions," the USFWS said. (allgov.com)
  • Scientific research confirms that citizen petitions routinely identify species at the highest risk of extinction, and the majority of the protections given to 1,600 species to date have been in response to citizen petitions," the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD), a major petitioner and litigant on behalf of imperiled species, claimed. (allgov.com)
  • By 2050, climate change may have driven the extinction of up to half of the world's species, a cataclysmic event initiated entirely by human development. (earth.org)
  • Biological invasions are the second most important cause of the extinction of species worldwide (and in Belgium) after the loss of natural habitats. (biodiv.be)
  • A coalition of environmental groups is calling on the federal government to enact emergency rules to protect a vanishing species of whale from lethal collisions with large ships. (wjtv.com)
  • Some animal species are able to adapt to changing environmental conditions quickly, but others are not. (neefusa.org)
  • Meanwhile, in the US the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) has launched a campaign to hand out 100,000 free Endangered Species condoms. (mongabay.com)
  • The prophylactics are meant to raise awareness about the connection between overpopulation and the extinction of species. (mongabay.com)
  • Unlike other mass extinction events, however, this one is due largely to the impact of one species: humans. (mongabay.com)
  • Three-fourths of the world's bird species are declining in population or threatened with extinction. (ecofuture.org)
  • In the United States, about 3,000 plants, nearly one in every eight native species, are considered in danger of extinction. (ecofuture.org)
  • Although species are disappearing most rapidly from the world's tropical forests, biological diversity is diminishing all over the globe. (ecofuture.org)
  • The top priority for halting the loss of biological diversity -- the ecosystems, species, and genes that together constitute life on earth -- will be the protection of wildlands, those areas so far minimally degraded by human activities, Ryan concludes. (ecofuture.org)
  • POOR HUMANS VS VULNERABLE SPECIES: Two leading international scientific groups have reported that "global wildlife faces the greatest extinction risk since the dinosaurs disappeared" says BBC News 5/8. (ecofuture.org)
  • This result, together with the recent discovery of probable red muscle endothermy in filter feeding basking sharks Cetorhinus maximus, suggests that this thermophysiology is more prevalent in the Lamniformes than previously thought, which in turn has implications for understanding the evolution of regional endothermy, gigantism, and extinction risk of warm-bodied shark species both past and present. (bvsalud.org)
  • First, environmental heterogeneity or alternative phenotypic designs can drive positive population growth of functionally distinct species. (bvsalud.org)
  • Other things that in recent years have attracted researchers to the Nordic herbarium are among other things the possibilities to obtain from the collections unique information about the phenology of species (like flowering time), chemical contents (like environmental toxins) and parasites (like micro-fungi and bile-forming insects), and how these have changed over time and space. (lu.se)
  • A few mass extinctions occurred during Earth's geological history. (quizlet.com)
  • After years of warnings from scientists that the world is witnessing Earth's sixth mass extinction, a new study concludes that the current crisis is not only 'human caused and accelerating' but also 'may be the most serious environmental threat to the persistence of civilization, because it is irreversible. (commondreams.org)
  • Jon Tennant explains how mass extinction events changed the face of Earth's biodiversity and answers questions from the audience. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Biological diversity at all levels is being lost at an unprecedented rate, many referring to the observed losses as the start of Earth's sixth mass extinction episode. (tswalu.com)
  • History's major extinction events happened because of natural events like shifts in the Earth's climate or incidents like asteroid strikes, but since humans began exercising our heavy grip on the planet, we may have inadvertently kicked off the sixth of these mass extinction events. (earth.org)
  • This new study shows yet again that the very survival of humanity is at stake if we don't end the heartbreaking wildlife extinction crisis," said Tierra Curry, a senior scientist at the Center for Biological Diversity. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • In a statement Monday, the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) noted that such comments are unusual for a scientific journal. (commondreams.org)
  • WASHINGTON- The Center for Biological Diversity filed a lawsuit in the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals today challenging the Environmental Protection Agency's fuel volume requirements for corn ethanol and other biofuels for 2023-2025. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • The advocates, which include the Center for Biological Diversity, warned in a letter that the flu strain is "jeopardizing the existence" of the famed bird. (yahoo.com)
  • The climate and wildlife extinction crises demand this kind of bold, urgent action," KierĂ¡n Suckling, executive director at the Center for Biological Diversity, said in a statement. (axios.com)
  • No nation uses more pesticides more recklessly than the U.S., with some of the worst abuses in our most important wildlife habitats," said Lori Ann Burd, environmental health director at the Center for Biological Diversity. (centerforfoodsafety.org)
  • Federal officials can't sit back and do nothing while right whales are in danger," said Kristen Monsell, oceans legal director at the Center for Biological Diversity, one of the groups that filed the petition. (wjtv.com)
  • Aside from humans, climate change may have been a driving factor in the megafaunal extinctions, especially at the end of the Pleistocene. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is no general agreement on where the Holocene, or anthropogenic, extinction begins, and the Quaternary extinction event, which includes climate change resulting in the end of the last ice age, ends, or if they should be considered separate events at all. (wikipedia.org)
  • Environmental science can be very complicated, but a solid understanding of its basics can help put into perspective how climate change affects us, how serious it is, and what can be done about it. (earth.org)
  • Many environmentalists believe over-population, combined with over-consumption, is at the root of many of the world's environmental problems, from mass extinction to climate change to deforestation. (mongabay.com)
  • We would like to clarify the paleoenvironmental changes and causes of the end Permian mass extinction in different places and of the other mass extinctions that occurred during the past 500 million years. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Scientists warn that the Earth is entering a mass extinction period with extinction levels jumping to 100 to 1,000 times the average rate over the past 500 million years. (mongabay.com)
  • extinction and biodiversity. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Loss of biodiversity is the most urgent of the environmental problems because this type of diversity is critical to ecosystem services and human health. (huffpost.com)
  • A temporal analysis reported by [5] suggests that loss of biodiversity indicates that the Earth is on the path to its sixth mass extinction event, with the rate of extinction in the last century conservatively estimated to be 22 times faster than the historical baseline rate as reported by [6]. (scirp.org)
  • In her Pulitzer Prize-winning work and arguably one of the best books on environmental science, Elizabeth Kolbert reports from the front line of biodiversity disappearance and ecological loss. (earth.org)
  • An anthropogenic mass extinction is underway that will affect all life on the planet and humans will struggle to survive the phenomenon. (huffpost.com)
  • The end Cretaceous mass extinction 65 million years ago is famously associated with the demise of the dinosaurs. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Unlike the extinction that claimed the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, the biological and environmental changes that characterize the Permian crisis seem to have unfolded gradually. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Crocodiles are one of the oldest surviving lineages on Earth, having survived two extinctions - the mass extinction in the late Cretaceous period that killed the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, and another smaller extinction event in the Eocene period 33.9 million years ago that wiped out huge numbers of marine and other aquatic life. (newswise.com)
  • My question is, how do you know that the meteor was the only thing that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs? (thenakedscientists.com)
  • In a statement unusual in a scientific journal, the authors move beyond science and state that is a "moral imperative" for humans to take action to stop extinction. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • a scientific and moral imperative for scientists to take whatever actions they can to stop extinction,' according to the study. (commondreams.org)
  • The Holocene extinction is also known as the "sixth extinction", as it is possibly the sixth mass extinction event, after the Ordovician-Silurian extinction events, the Late Devonian extinction, the Permian-Triassic extinction event, the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, and the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. (wikipedia.org)
  • Around 250 million years ago, at the end of the Permian period, life on the earth almost disappeared completely in the most devastating mass extinction of all time. (scientificamerican.com)
  • More recently, however, indications that the Permian extinction proceeded far more swiftly than previously thought have surfaced. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Now findings reported in the September issue of the journal Geology are lending additional weight to the argument that, like the dinosaur-squelching extinction after it, the Permian catastrophe resulted from an extraterrestrial impact. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Recovery from the devastating Permian-Triassic mass extinction about 252 million years ago is usually assumed to have spanned the entire 5 million years of the Early Triassic epoch 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end-Permian extinction. (nature.com)
  • Pruss, S. B., Bottjer, D. J., Corsetti, F. A. & Baud, A. A global marine sedimentary response to the end-Permian mass extinction: Examples from southern Turkey and the western United States. (nature.com)
  • Good genes and good luck: Ammonoid diversity and the end-Permian mass extinction. (nature.com)
  • The plan calls for the United States to become a global leader in protecting wildlife by declaring the extinction crisis a national emergency, creating new protected areas, and prioritizing wildlife protection over other uses of public lands. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • The response to the coronavirus outbreak has shown us that rapid change is possible and that funding is available to address the extinction crisis," said Curry. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • According to a press release by the organization, "[CBD] the only environmental group with a full-time campaign highlighting the connection between unsustainable human population growth and the ongoing extinction crisis for plants and animals around the world. (mongabay.com)
  • The study reported here was funded by a NERC studentship, and the Insect Pollinators Initiative (joint-funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Defra, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the Scottish Government and the Wellcome Trust, managed under the auspices of the Living with Environmental Change (LWEC) partnership. (theconversation.com)
  • Deforestation , sea level rise and most of all, greenhouse gas emissions are driving this mass extinction. (earth.org)
  • Frogs are excellent biological indicators of the health status of a certain ecosystem. (worldatlas.com)
  • Preservation of their habitats is important to prevent the extinction of frogs . (worldatlas.com)
  • The California condor is at risk of extinction once again, and once again, an emergency vaccination campaign is required to stave off a deadly infection and possible extinction," they wrote, referencing the success of the West Nile Virus vaccine for condors in the early 2000s. (yahoo.com)
  • One of the principal uncertainties when estimating population risk of late effects from epidemiological data is that few radiation-exposed cohorts have been followed up to extinction. (cdc.gov)
  • Lead author Dr Rob Knell, from QMUL's School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, said: "This demonstration that trophy hunting can potentially push otherwise resilient populations to extinction when the environment changes is concerning. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Even now the vast majority of first world nation populations are completely oblivious to the unfolding environmental cataclysms that are closing in from every side. (geoengineeringwatch.org)
  • The end Triassic mass extinction is estimated to have claimed about half of all marine invertebrates. (skepticalscience.com)
  • We conclude that the predominance of microbial reefs following the mass extinction is restricted to short intervals of the earliest Triassic. (nature.com)
  • We suggest that metazoan reef building continued throughout the Early Triassic wherever permitted by environmental conditions. (nature.com)
  • So, around 250 million years ago, there was an event which we think happened called the Permo-Triassic mass extinction where up until this point, we had quite a lot of fossils happening. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Compared with previous mass extinctions the Earth has experienced due to catastrophic events including volcanic eruptions or collision with an asteroid, the one that is happening now 'is entirely our fault,' Ceballos Gonzalez added. (commondreams.org)
  • In the fossil record, over the last five hundred million years or so, we're punctuated by these very catastrophic periods called mass extinctions. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • The study , Vertebrates On the Brink as Indicators of Biological Annihilation and the Sixth Mass Extinction , was authored by Gerardo Ceballos, Paul Ehrlich and Peter Raven. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • Amphibians are the first animals to be affected by environmental degradation. (worldatlas.com)
  • Understanding the cause of this event is important because it represents the largest mass extinction and it led to the subsequent origination of recent [life] on Earth," Kaiho remarks. (scientificamerican.com)
  • The observed pulses of origination and extinction in the different regions coincide with warming and cooling events that occurred during the Neogene globally and regionally. (bvsalud.org)
  • This course is designed for students who are pursuing careers in conservation law enforcement, wildlife and fisheries biology, or environmental science. (unity.edu)
  • As stated by [16], the conservation of genetic diversity is, however, a form of guarantee against possible unexpected environmental conditions because it is a means of maintaining potential adaptation abilities. (scirp.org)
  • Mongabay is a U.S.-based non-profit conservation and environmental science news platform. (mongabay.com)
  • A top priority for biological conservation, whether in parks, village woodlots, or farms, is to recognize the vital role of local people. (ecofuture.org)
  • Some of the most endangered U.S. birds, including Florida grasshopper sparrows, Mississippi sandhill cranes and Attwater's greater prairie chickens, are on a path to extinction because of harmful pesticides," said Steve Holmer of American Bird Conservancy. (centerforfoodsafety.org)
  • What we find is reefs were particularly impacted in mass extinctions, taking many millions of years to recover. (skepticalscience.com)
  • 360 million years ago in the Late Devonian period, the environment that had clearly nurtured reefs for at least 13 million years turned hostile and the world plunged into the second mass extinction event. (skepticalscience.com)
  • These metazoan-rich reefs were formed only 1.5 million years after the extinction, in contrast to previous suggestions of a much delayed recovery of complex benthic communities. (nature.com)
  • The authors warn that extinction is accelerating and that these irreversible losses could contribute to the collapse of human civilization. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • She travels to the abandoned whaling stations of South Georgia, the melting icescape of Antarctica and the Inuit camps of the Arctic, where she traces the links between human activities and environmental collapse. (granta.com)
  • Biological collapse is now underway worldwide and only unprecedented effort will curtail the massive wave of extinctions. (ecofuture.org)
  • The Holocene extinction, or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event caused by humans damaging the environment (ecocide) during the Holocene epoch. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the first time, humans had to contemplate the idea of extinction. (granta.com)
  • Melatonin is a hormone that facilitates falling asleep and maintaining sleep and is also involved in the endogenous synchronization of internal biological clocks. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Migratory birds rely on their internal biological clocks to tell them when to arrive and depart from breeding grounds. (neefusa.org)
  • War leads to mass extermination, with the threat of extinction from nuclear or biological weapons. (socialistalternative.org)
  • The fossil record shows coral extinction occurred over much longer periods. (skepticalscience.com)
  • What Veron 2008 found was each mass extinction event corresponded to periods of quickly changing atmospheric CO2. (skepticalscience.com)
  • But then about 50 million years later, were hit again with another mass extinction, and we actually find the last 500 million years so punctuated in time by these large extinction periods. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • The first great mass extinction event took place at the end of the Ordovician, when according to the fossil record, 60% of all genera of both terrestrial and marine life worldwide were exterminated. (skepticalscience.com)
  • We're looking at biological annihilation if we don't act to save life on Earth. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • So, a mass extinction is usually where something like 75% to 95% of all life on Earth just gets absolutely obliterated. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • There have been five mass extinction events throughout the history of life on Earth. (earth.org)
  • Sleep hygiene and behavioral care must also take into consideration the important role of the zeitgebers of sleep-wake rhythms, i.e. the external environmental factors involved in the synchronization of the biological clocks: regular exposure to light at adapted times, regular meal and wake-up times, social activities and times for going to school. (iasp-pain.org)
  • A warming climate can result in a cascade of environmental changes that throw this synchronization out of whack. (neefusa.org)
  • The authors of today's study support the U.N. estimate and conclude that future rates of extinction are probably underestimated. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • The study was published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences . (sciencedaily.com)
  • In this course, students will study how key aspects of plant biology interact with environmental conditions to influence plant growth, distribution, and abundance, and consider how these factors affects dependent wildlife. (unity.edu)
  • A new study published in the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society suggests that crocodiles' unique reproductive biology may also play a part. (newswise.com)
  • What will you study on the Biological Sciences BSc? (mdx.ac.uk)
  • WASHINGTON- The Environmental Protection Agency shirked its legal obligation to protect imperiled plants and animals in a final rule released today setting fuel volume requirements for corn ethanol and other biofuels through 2025. (biologicaldiversity.org)
  • The Holocene extinction continues into the 21st century, with human population growth, increasing per capita consumption (especially by the super-affluent), and meat production and consumption, among others, being the primary drivers of mass extinction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Why choose Biological Sciences BSc at Middlesex? (mdx.ac.uk)
  • Throughout your degree you will gain biological and transferable skills necessary for a career in the Biological Sciences. (mdx.ac.uk)
  • Experts from Ibama, the Brazilian environmental agency, say the long period of drought contributed to the spreading of the fire throughout the region. (mongabay.com)
  • I look at a period about 150 million years ago where depending on how you look at the fossil record and how you interpret what we've got at that particular period in time - whether or not it can achieve the status of a mass extinction or not. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • During her research for On Extinction , she was a Fellow of the AHRC Centre for the Evolution of Cultural Diversity at University College London from 2007-2010 and International Fellow at the British Antarctic Survey for International Polar Year 2007-2008. (granta.com)
  • Newswise - The ability of crocodiles to survive mass extinctions could be in part due to their more hands-on approach to parenting, say scientists at the University of Bath's Milner Centre for Evolution. (newswise.com)
  • Although there is debate regarding how much human predation and habitat loss affected their decline, certain population declines have been directly correlated with the onset of human activity, such as the extinction events of New Zealand, Madagascar, and Hawaii. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aside from the detrimental environmental effects of this, loss of these green spaces and time spent in them could have hugely negative effects on people's mental health and well-being. (froglife.org)
  • The welcome efforts of these two authors to correct the errors and prejudices of environmentalism are signs of a slowly maturing environmental movement that seeks practical solutions for the future, not grand ideological transformations to restore some mythic past. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • Previous studies have suggested that diet, their aquatic nature, and behaviours that help them cope with harsh environmental conditions all factor in their ability to survive. (newswise.com)
  • Turtles always return to the same beach to nest and lay eggs regardless of the local environmental conditions, leaving their young to hatch alone and fend for themselves. (newswise.com)
  • That's not to say meteorites or global warming played no part in coral extinction - both have been contributing factors at various times. (skepticalscience.com)
  • We also find the biological record being severely depleted in the fossils at that time. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • The PhD will investigate several important environmental issues from a societal perspective but at the same time model decisions by farmers on their use of agricultural land, and generate findings relevant for sustainable development and formulating policy. (lu.se)