Continuing evolutionary adaptation is required for the viral envelope protein to maintain fitness relative to the continuing evolutionary adaptations of the host immune neutralizing antibodies, and vice versa, forming a coevolving system. (wikipedia.org)
A Gag-V1V2-Fc fusion protein was constructed to test whether a self-assembling macromolecular structure was a more effective method for directing antibody responses to specific V1V2 regions of the Envelope glycoprotein. (umaryland.edu)
A total of five major Open Reading Frames (ORF) were found in COVID-19: the ORF 1a/b region coding replicase and other enzymes, the spike or S protein ORF, M or membrane glycoprotein ORF, E or small membrane protein ORF and the N or nucleocapsid ORF ( fig. 1 )[ 5 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
The spike glycoprotein sequence was retrieved from protein data bank (PDB) database. (ijpsonline.com)
In contrast, antibodies to the envelope (ENV) precursor protein gp160 and the final ENV proteins (gp120 and gp41) can be detected in specimens from virtually all HIV-infected persons regardless of clinical stage (4-9). (cdc.gov)
The envelope consists of a lipid bilayer containing an envelope glycoprotein and a matrix protein. (medscape.com)
and spike glycoprotein or spike protein (red, tall spike). (medlineplus.gov)
Proteins3
To study the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, a series of HIV-1envelope glycoproteins from closely related primary virus isolates of different syncytium inducing phenotypes, together with chimeras of these proteins, were tested in an envelope transcomplementation assay for their sensitivity to either antibody mediated inhibition or enhancement of HIV-1 entry. (microbiologyresearch.org)
They are critically important for formulation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) vaccines intended to induce antibody production, as Env proteins are otherwise only very weakly immunogenic. (cornell.edu)
We have also determined structures of almost all of the rare, broadly neutralizing antibodies against the HIV-1 envelope proteins, gp120 and gp41, in order to elucidate the sites of vulnerability that can be used for HIV-1 vaccine design. (scripps.edu)
Viral glycoprotein2
Elucidation of the structural correlates of a cross-linked viral glycoprotein will allow more rational use of this methodology for vaccine design, and reveals a strategy with promise for eliciting neutralizing antibodies needed for an effective HIV-1 vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
Akin to other phleboviruses, SFTSV relies on a viral glycoprotein, Gc, to catalyze the merger of endosomal host and viral membranes during cell entry. (ox.ac.uk)
Antibodies11
Modulation of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein-mediated entry by human antibodies. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Recently, we and others have shown that the interaction between envelope specific antibodies and primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates may result in either inhibition or enhancement of virus entry. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The susceptibility of the envelope glycoprotein chimeric viruses to neutralization or enhancement of infectivity proved to be primarily determined by the configuration of the V3 loop, and the affinity of the antibodies to monomeric HIV-1 gp160 molecules, proved to be of quantitative importance only. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Inducing broad spectrum neutralizing antibodies against challenging pathogens such as HIV-1 is a major vaccine design goal, but may be hindered by conformational instability within viral envelope glycoproteins (Env). (ox.ac.uk)
Epitopes for neutralizing antibodies induced by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein BG505 SOSIP trimers in rabbits and macaques. (harvard.edu)
The HIV-1 vaccine field now uses the well-defined structures of trimeric Env glycoproteins, like SOSIPs, to present multiple known epitopes for broad and potent neutralizing human antibodies in a native-like conformation. (cornell.edu)
Many vaccine programs focus on the immune responses to critical epitopes in the HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) and seek to improve the quality and quantity of antibodies by altering the conformation, oligomerization or glycosylation of Env gp120. (umaryland.edu)
HIV envelope glycoprotein complexes elicit broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies in rhesus macaques. (the-scientist.com)
In the early edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , Timothy Fouts and colleagues at the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute , Baltimore, US, show that crosslinked HIV-1 envelope-CD4 receptor complexes could elicit broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies in rhesus macaques ( Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002, DOI/10.1073/pnas.182412199). (the-scientist.com)
They observed that in rhesus macaques, crosslinked complexes of soluble human CD4 and gp120 or gp140 envelope glycoproteins generated antibodies that neutralized a wide range of primary HIV-1 isolates. (the-scientist.com)
Cross-Reactive Antibodies With the Capacity to Mediate HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein-Targeted ADCC Identified in HIV-2-Infected Individuals. (lu.se)
Gp120 is anchored to the viral membrane, or envelope, via non-covalent bonds with the transmembrane glycoprotein, gp41. (wikipedia.org)
The envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 consists of the surface subunit gp120 and the transmembrane subunit gp41. (proteopedia.org)
Antigen1
The envelope glyprotein gp160 precursor down-modulates cell surface CD4 antigen by interacting with it in the endoplasmic reticulum and blocking its transport to the cell surface. (antikoerper-online.de)
Herpes1
A biochemical analysis of glycoprotein C (gC of herpes simplex virus was undertaken to further characterize the structure of the glycoprotein and to determine its disulfide bond arrangement. (nih.gov)
Ebola1
3D print an Ebola envelope glycoprotein through the National Institutes of Health 3D Print Exchange external icon . (cdc.gov)
Transmembrane1
Contagious human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) binds to the receptors of human host cells by transmembrane spike glycoprotein that makes homotrimers protruding from viral surface region[ 9 , 10 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Epitopes1
Spike glycoprotein (PDB Id: 6VSB) of the coronavirus was selected and analysed using immune epitope database server for prediction of potential immunogenic B and T-cell epitopes. (ijpsonline.com)
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2
Scholars@Duke publication: Prefusion structure of trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein determined by cryo-electron microscopy. (duke.edu)
Prefusion structure of trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein determined by cryo-electron microscopy. (duke.edu)
Homology1
Chou, S & Marousek, GI 1992, ' Homology of the envelope glycoprotein B of human herpesvirus-6 and cytomegalovirus ', Virology , vol. 191, no. 1, pp. 523-528. (elsevierpure.com)
Trimeric1
The activation of trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) by its binding to the cell-surface receptor CD4 and co-receptors (CCR5 or CXCR4) represents the first of a series of events that lead to fusion between viral and target-cell membranes. (duke.edu)
Genes3
Genetic and functional analysis of a set of HIV-1 envelope genes obtained from biological clones with varying syncytium-inducing capacities. (microbiologyresearch.org)
PCR: The detection of CMV DNA was performed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the envelope glycoprotein gB and gH genes by Vries et al. (cdc.gov)
Rapid Genotyping of Cytomegalovirus in Dried Blood Spots by Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assays Targeting the Envelope Glycoprotein gB and gH Genes 2012. (cdc.gov)
Cytomegalovirus1
Aims The aim of this observational study was to report the distribution of glycoprotein B (gB) genotypes in the eyes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) positive patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS), and to investigate their clinical characteristics and outcomes. (bmj.com)
Infectivity1
The mutant envelope glycoprotein expressed in 293T cells and incorporated within pseudotyped virions displayed only a moderate reduction in syncytium-inducing capacity and virus infectivity, respectively. (proteopedia.org)
Sequence1
The envelope glycoprotein B (gB) coding sequences of two strains of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV6 GS and Z29) were determined by sequencing a 2.5-kb open reading frame adjacent to the DNA polymerase sequence. (elsevierpure.com)
Antigenic2
The physical and antigenic properties of the surface glycoprotein (gp85) of an avian myeloblastosis-associated virus [MAV-2(O)] were compared with those of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) gp85. (uky.edu)
A comparison of the antigenic reactivities of the purified glycoproteins from MAV-2(O) (grown in fibroblasts) and AMV (isolated from plasma) demonstrated that the two glycoproteins showed equal reactivity using anti-B77 gp85 serum, but that MAV-2(O) gp85 showed at least 100-fold less antigenic reactivity than AMV gp85 in competition radioimmunoassay using anti-AMV gp85 serum. (uky.edu)
Structure of a phleboviral envelope glycoprotein reveals a consolidated model of membrane fusion. (ox.ac.uk)
Residues1
MARCH8 Targets Cytoplasmic Lysine Residues of Various Viral Envelope Glycoproteins. (cdc.gov)
Spike3
Three gp120s and gp41s combine in a trimer of heterodimers to form the envelope spike, which mediates attachment to and entry into the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
Spike glycoprotein has two subunits, S1-responsible for its binding to host cell membrane receptors and S2-responsible for the fusion of viral and host cellular membrane[ 8 , 11 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
The spike glycoprotein helps the virus latch onto and gain entry into the host cell, so that the virus can infect the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Glycosylation1
N-Glycosylation of the TBEV envelope (E) glycoprotein is critical for virus egress in mammalian cells, but not in tick cells. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Antibody mediated1
Based on the observation that, in contrast to the inhibition of HIV-1 entry, antibody mediated enhancement was not temperature dependent and could not be mediated by F(ab) fragments, we concluded that the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are different and that antibody mediated enhancement of HIV-1 entry is largely if not exclusively mediated by HIV-1 glycoprotein cross-linking. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Broadly1
A conserved region in the gp120 glycoprotein that is involved in the metastable attachment of gp120 to CD4 has been identified and targeting of invariant region has been achieved with a broadly neutralising antibody, IgG1-b12. (wikipedia.org)
Receptors1
In addition to HIV-1, monocytes treated with purified HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 demonstrated a comparable modulation of chemotactic ligand receptors and migratory function. (johnshopkins.edu)
Surface4
Envelope glycoprotein GP120 (or gp120) is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope. (wikipedia.org)
Both the V2 and V3 regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 surface glycoprotein functionally interact with other envelope regions in syncytium formation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Griffithsin's antiviral activity stems from its ability to bind terminal mannoses present in high-mannose oligosaccharides and crosslink these glycans on the surface of the viral envelope glycoproteins. (mdpi.com)
Here we show that a truncated form of HveC directly binds to HSV glycoprotein D (gD) in solution and at the surface of virions. (nih.gov)
Complex1
analyzed the immunologic potential of a HIV-1IIIB envelope structure expressed as either a gp120-CD4 or a gp140-CD4 complex. (the-scientist.com)
Immunologic1
Structural and immunologic correlates of chemically stabilized HIV-1envelope glycoproteins. (ox.ac.uk)
Structure1
Retroviral Envelope Glycoproteins: Structure and Evolution. (tufts.edu)
Type1
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clones chimeric for the envelope V3 domain differ in syncytium formation and replication capacity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Virus3
Nous avons déterminé la fréquence des différents sérotypes du virus de la dengue pour mettre en évidence son hyperendémicité à Rawalpindi (Pakistan). (who.int)
Les échantillons de sérum de 140 patients susceptibles d'avoir contracté le virus de la dengue ont été analysés entre mai et octobre 2015 à l'aide du test ELISA et de l'amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe. (who.int)
The RNA is protected in the virus envelope (black outer ring) until a potential host cell is found. (medlineplus.gov)