Endoplasmic reticulum 1999 transcription factors apoptosis regulatory proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are members of the serine-threonine protein kinase family and are responsible for taking control of cell cycle regulation in eukaryotic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α), PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6). (spandidos-publications.com)
GS-002 also induced endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress as evidenced by increases in ER stress-responsive proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2 α ), phosphorylated protein endoplasmic-reticular-resident kinase (PERK), and ATF-3. (hindawi.com)
The induction of ATF-3 expression was mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in GS-002-treated cells. (hindawi.com)
typically, reticulum of deaminase by kinase extends the download of primary transporters by docking the brain of RhoA. (evakoch.com)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)

This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that controls cholesterol homeostasis by stimulating transcription of sterol-regulated genes. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates MHC class II genes by binding to a promoter element referred to as an X box. (cancerindex.org)
The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. (cancerindex.org)
TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene that functions in modifying DNA errors and/or inducing apoptosis of damaged cells, and both APC and BECN1 genes are involved in CRC and are of importance in cellular growth and metastasis. (scielo.br)
The aim of our study was to determine the candidate target genes in PD through meta-analysis of multiple gene expression arrays datasets and to further combine mRNA and miRNA expression analyses to identify more convincing biological targets and their regulatory factors. (frontiersin.org)
Familial AD (FAD) cases are caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the genes for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the presenilins (PS1 and PS2) ( Sisodia and St George-Hyslop, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)
Eldadah and Faden, 2000 ), we hypothesized that suppression of apoptotic capability during maturation of mammalian brain results from repression of genes involved in the caspase-3 activation pathway, and that injury-induced neuronal apoptosis in the mature brain results from reactivation of these genes. (jneurosci.org)
The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
Several molecular mechanisms with antifungal agents have been reported for C. albicans where insertions, deletions, and point mutations in genes codifying target proteins are frequently related to the antifungal drug resistance. (intechopen.com)
These transcriptional factors belong to the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor family and bind the E-box DNA motifs in the promoter regions of target genes to enhance transcription. (molcells.org)
Our network approach leads to the identification of the upstream transcription factors for prognostic signature genes to provide leads to their regulatory mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Then, the regulatory TFs for the mesenchymal signature genes were inferred from the use of master regulator analysis (MRA) together with or without stepwise linear regression method (SLR). (biomedcentral.com)

Activated and released IRE1α acts as an RNase to initiate transcription of XBP1 mRNA and it becomes a transcriptional activator for unfolded protein response (UPR) gene targets, such as BiP and calreticulin ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
These interacting partners play important roles in various biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, vesicular transport and apoptosis as well as in signaling pathways such as MAPK, mTOR signaling and NOD-like receptor signaling 22 , 23 . (nature.com)
The control of nuclear localization via phosphorylation and dephosphorylation serves as the primary regulatory mechanism for MiT family proteins, and several kinases and phosphatases have been identified to directly determine the transcriptional activities of MiT proteins. (molcells.org)
applied a reverse engineering method for context-specific transcriptional regulatory networks to 176 gene expression profiles from high-grade glioblastoma (HGG) patients. (biomedcentral.com)

New anticancer therapy strategies refer to the inhibition of CDK-cyclin complexes as an important target to prevent uncontrolled proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Recent research demonstrated that the potential to induce apoptosis through endoplasmic reticular (ER) stresses can be a target for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)

The autophagic pathway constitutively maintains cellular homeostasis by recycling cytoplasmic organelles and proteins, but it is also stimulated by environmental stress conditions, such as starvation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of misfolded proteins. (mdpi.com)
Various physiological and pathological conditions such as glucose starvation, inhibition of protein glycosylation and oxidative stress may cause an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. (spandidos-publications.com)
These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
Oxidative stress generated during such stressful conditions may damage DNA and proteins, and as a consequence the cellular processes are disturbed. (springer.com)
Single cells and organisms may adapt to harmful oxidative stress conditions, through stress-activated factors. (springer.com)

Androgen deprivation therapy induces apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. (oncotarget.com)
The BH3-mimetic Obatoclax induces apoptosis and decreases MCL1 expression in androgen-sensitive PCa cells, while castration-resistant PCa cells are less sensitive and react with an upregulation of MCL1 expression. (oncotarget.com)

The axonemal site of NOTCH1 and the collagen Ligand-binding WD40 cell of 40kDa are different benefits of pumps in accumulation epithelial Endoplasmic development - T-ALL( Welcker and Clurman 2008). (evakoch.com)

First, we found that GS-002 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in dose-dependent manners. (hindawi.com)
During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)
Most of these paracrine secretions include soluble factors and exosomes, which regulate the repair and regeneration processes at sites of damage by affecting cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation [ 22 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
ERCC2 is the plant around the proliferation in gap with the Phenylacetate IFT of ERCC3, encoding an many transcription( Coin et al. (evakoch.com)
Increasing evidence indicates that EBV miRNAs target the host mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. (ijbs.com)
Notably, these TFs were selected solely from inferred regulatory links using gene expression profiles and included many TFs regulating tumorigenic processes such as proliferation, metastasis, and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport. (lookformedical.com)
Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported. (lookformedical.com)

Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
High levels of intracellular calcium ion activate proteolytic enzymes (known as calpains) that break down many cell proteins, particularly those in the cytoskeleton of neurons (spectrin, neurofilament and microtubule-associated protein). (benbest.com)
The main structural coat protein of COATED VESICLES which play a key role in the intracellular transport between membranous organelles. (lookformedical.com)

This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
Human HTT codes for a large protein of 3144 amino acids, which is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and is present in several sub-cellular locations. (nature.com)
β-Catenin is a fascinating protein with many important cellular and developmental functions. (chemdiv.com)
β -catenin has many binding partners that mediate a diverse set of cellular functions, and the protein probably acts as a 'hub' on which many cellular signaling networks impinge. (chemdiv.com)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
Activation follows a spring-loaded mechanism not requiring further translation of other cellular factors in oocytes and is associated with unfolding of the inhibitory structure that blocks the tetramerization interface. (elifesciences.org)
encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)
The plasma membrane is not only the first point of encounter for many types of environmental stress, but given the diversity of receptor proteins and their associated molecules also represents the site at which many cellular signal cascades originate. (cell-stress.com)
These assist with protein folding and, thereby, help to keep the cellular protein machinery functional in spite of adverse thermal conditions. (cell-stress.com)
The plasma membrane can be envisioned as a central compartment in the cellular adaptation to diverse stress conditions as it shapes the interactions between cells and their environment by harboring an elaborate complement of transmembrane proteins, e.g. transporters, channels, receptors, or adhesion proteins. (cell-stress.com)
These cell surface proteins impinge on the vast majority of all cellular functions by mediating nutrient uptake, preserving ion homeostasis and initiating complex signaling cascades in response to extracellular cues. (cell-stress.com)

The IRE1 endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity in part by regulating c-Myc. (cancerindex.org)
Krüppel-like factor 15 activates hepatitis B virus gene expression and replication Hepatology. (usc.edu)

It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (cancerindex.org)
Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
This download is the types and cells led from a human assembly target content soccer methylated alongside the set of two interaction localizing enzyme proteins in New Zealand. (evakoch.com)
The groups used very different isolation methods (i.e., expression cloning, protein purification, genomics), yet all identified the same enzyme and concurred that it possessed all the known characteristics of β-secretase ( Fig. 1 ) ( Cole and Vassar, 2008 ). (jneurosci.org)
Regardless of the etiology, a deficiency of cyclooxygenase (COX), a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production, results in beneficial and detrimental physiologic conditions relative to imbalances of the eicosanoids. (medscape.com)

Keap1 is a cysteine-rich protein, known to be anchored to actin cytoskeleton [ 5 ], serving as an adaptor protein for the Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (springer.com)
An adaptor protein complex primarily involved in the formation of clathrin-related endocytotic vesicles (ENDOSOMES) at the CELL MEMBRANE. (lookformedical.com)
They have been primarily found as components of ADAPTOR PROTEIN COMPLEX 2. (lookformedical.com)
A clathrin adaptor protein complex primarily involved in clathrin-related transport at the TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK. (lookformedical.com)
An adaptor protein complex found primarily on perinuclear compartments. (lookformedical.com)

The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (MiT family) proteins are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that perform many essential biological functions. (molcells.org)

They have been defined as monotropic integral membrane proteins located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (COX-1) and the perinuclear envelope (COX-2). (medscape.com)

These results suggest that the induction of apoptosis by the propolis derivative, GS-002, is partially mediated through ER stress and ATF-3-dependent pathways, and GS-002 has the potential for development as an antitumor drug. (hindawi.com)
Both CB 1 and CB 2 receptors, which share a low level (44%) of sequence homology [6], are G protein-coupled receptors that mainly signal via G i /G o proteins, even though they may also activate G s , G q/11 , and G protein-independent signaling pathways [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
An interaction network formed by DE mRNAs, DE miRNAs, and important pathways was discovered after we analyzed the functional enrichment, protein-protein interactions, and miRNA targetome prediction analysis. (frontiersin.org)
The involvement of multiple signaling pathways (NF-κB and JNK) and proteins (EGF-R, Id-1 and Id-3) was suggested to explain the antiproliferative effect of GTT in prostate cancer (PCa) cells [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The encoded protein contains a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) domain. (wikipedia.org)
Nrf2 is a master eukaryotic redox-active factor and belongs to Cap 'n' Collar (Cnc)-bZIP (basic leucine zipper) family of transcription factors. (springer.com)

Apoptosis can be induced in response to hypoxia. (bmj.com)
Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)
7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)

The diversified effects of cannabinoids are now known to be mediated through the activation of G-protein-coupled receptors that are normally bound by a family of endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Cannabinoid is a family of complex chemicals (terpenophenolic compounds) that exert most of their actions by binding to and activating specific Gαi protein-coupled receptors named as cannabinoid receptor, CB1 (Central receptor) and CB2 (Peripheral receptor) respectively [ 4 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)

By transporting "cargos" such as proteins, RNAs, DNAs, and lipids [ 26 ], exosomes regulate the eventual fate of recipient cells. (hindawi.com)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
A network of membrane compartments, located at the cytoplasmic side of the GOLGI APPARATUS, where proteins and lipids are sorted for transport to various locations in the cell or cell membrane. (lookformedical.com)

Although purvalanol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were demonstrated in prostate ( 5 ), breast ( 6 ) and colon cancer cells ( 7 ), the exact molecular mechanism of purvanol-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated yet. (spandidos-publications.com)
Activating transcription factor-(ATF-) 3, a stress-inducible transcription factor, is rapidly upregulated under various stress conditions and plays an important role in inducing cancer cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, we found that GS-002 induced more cell apoptosis in ATF-3-overexpressing cells. (hindawi.com)
A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)
Analysis of MCL1 protein and mRNA expression in PCa tissue and primary cell culture specimens of luminal and basal origin, respectively, reveals higher expression in cancerous tissue compared to benign origin. (oncotarget.com)
Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
Using a combination of biophysical methods as well as cell and ovary culture experiments we explain how TAp63α is kept inactive in the absence of DNA damage but causes rapid oocyte elimination in response to a few DNA double strand breaks thereby acting as the key quality control factor in maternal reproduction. (elifesciences.org)
The protein then switches to an active form when DNA damage is detected to trigger the process of cell self-destruction. (elifesciences.org)
Apoptosis is a genetically controlled cell death that was initially recognized for its role in development. (jneurosci.org)
In different immune cell types, each MiT family member is shown to play distinct or redundant roles and we expect that there is far more to learn about their functions and regulatory mechanisms in host defense and inflammatory responses. (molcells.org)
In bottom line, we confirmed that autophagy brought about by genotype VII NDV infections was important for virus-like replication, NDV-induced apoptosis, and cell survival in buy 480-11-5 chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
Specialized regions of the cell membrane composed of pits coated with a bristle covering made of the protein CLATHRIN. (lookformedical.com)

This study confirms that alterations in the expression of exosomal miRNAs can promote osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs, which also provides the foundation for further research on the regulatory functions of exosomal miRNAs in the context of ADSC osteogenesis. (hindawi.com)

Normally, activation of the CB 1 receptor regulates renal vascular hemodynamics and stimulates the transport of ions and proteins in different nephron compartments. (degruyter.com)

Chronic ER stress promotes apoptosis, at least in part through the UPR-induced transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). (jci.org)
The X-linked tumor suppressor TSPX interacts and promotes degradation of the hepatitis B viral protein HBx via the proteasome pathway PLoS One. (usc.edu)
These data indicate that the inhibition of autophagy promotes apoptosis as described for herpes simplex computer virus 1 and mouse herpesvirus 68 [41]. (immune-source.com)

The molecular weight of proteins were 102, 88 and 80 kDa, so they were named α, β and γ-catenin. (chemdiv.com)
Regulatory network modeling has been widely used for a systematic understanding of disease progression at the molecular level, particularly for cancer (comprehensively reviewed by Peer and Hacohen) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Changes in the overall endocytic flux or in the endocytic regulation of select proteins conceivably can help to counteract adverse environmental conditions. (cell-stress.com)

We illustrated several HDNetDB functionalities through a case study and identified proteins that constitute potential cross-talk between HD and the unfolded protein response (UPR). (nature.com)
Recent studies indicate that nutrient fluctuations and insulin resistance increase proinsulin synthesis in β cells beyond the capacity for folding of nascent polypeptides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, thereby disrupting ER homeostasis and triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR). (jci.org)

In the past decade, induction of apoptosis has become the major strategy to combat cancer. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, a search for innovative strategies other than induction of apoptosis is urgently needed. (hindawi.com)
Using constructs downregulating or overexpressing MCL1 we demonstrate that expression of MCL1 prevents induction of apoptosis when PCa cells are grown under steroid-deprived conditions. (oncotarget.com)
The best studied functions of MiT proteins include lysosome biogenesis and autophagy induction. (molcells.org)

In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
Prior analysis reported that a goose-source NDV stress, Herts/33 (genotype II) activated autophagy and function Vegfb of autophagy in NDV duplication and apoptosis in 1d outdated SPF hens. (immune-source.com)
Body 8 evaluation of rapamycin (Hip hop), chloroquine (CQ) and mock-treated poultry groupings contaminated with NDV To additional investigate the function of autophagy in apoptosis and and had been downregulated in the NDV-infected spleen, recommending that the spleen ignored the development of autophagosomes thereby. (immune-source.com)
Therefore, our results exhibited that autophagy was essential for NDV replication and apoptosis. (immune-source.com)
However, we could not demonstrate unique functions of autophagy and apoptosis in response to NDV contamination. (immune-source.com)
In comparison, the inhibition of autophagy reduced the phrase amounts of ATG protein in the tissue targeted by NDV. (immune-source.com)

ELAC1 has been in the use and may as define as an RNase Z. In pyrophosphates subfamilies are transcribed from coupling tubules in the function by a two receptor chromatin that appears ultraviolet from protein threatening( reviewed in Popow et al. (evakoch.com)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
Results DIM, but not I3C, increased adipocyte differentiation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. (researchgate.net)

Here we demonstrate that, during brain maturation, the potential of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is progressively reduced and that such repression is associated with downregulation of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-3 gene expression. (jneurosci.org)

They preferentially bind and release hydrophobic peptides by an ATP-dependent process and are involved in post-translational PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION. (lookformedical.com)

high bacteria are as proteins of pathway ATM rise, either as acids for greenhouse initiation or for the dehydrogenase of binding eIF2 disorders. (evakoch.com)
After vascular complex pathway is caused on a Electrical snRNP, MAML( other) radicals direct in brain with cyclin C, including protein of followed high-affinity ligands in TAD and PEST cilia of NICD1 by CDK8. (evakoch.com)
In the present study, we evaluated the role of the intrinsic pathway in neuronal apoptosis at different stages of rat brain development and during maturation of primary cortical neurons in vivo as well as in response to brain injury. (jneurosci.org)

On the other hand, ATF-3 is rapidly induced in cells treated with growth stimulators such as serum and growth factors [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)
We advance the hypothesis that antigen presentation by beta cells, their stress responses and functional heterogeneity are critical factors that will provide clues towards solving the enigma posed by islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. (springer.com)
To determine the antiproliferative effect of gamma-tocotrienol (GTT) treatment on differential protein expression in HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
HepG2 cells were treated with 70 μM GTT for 48 hours and differentially expressed protein spots were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer (MS) and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). (biomedcentral.com)
GTT treatment on HepG2 cells showed a total of five differentially expressed proteins when compared to their respective untreated cells where three proteins were down-regulated and two proteins were up-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
In MDA-MB-231 cells, treatment by tocotrienols led to several fold increase of NRF2 expression marked by corresponding decrease in Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) levels [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Nearly half of neural cells die by apoptosis during brain development. (jneurosci.org)
Apoptosis of tumor cells increased significantly as concentration of cocultured TD-MSCs increased. (immune-source.com)
A family of proteins that play a role as cofactors in the process of CLATHRIN recycling in cells. (lookformedical.com)

Nrf2 consists of six functional Neh domains (Neh1-Neh6), from which, the amino-terminal Neh2 domain controls binding Keap1-the inhibitor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, that is responsible for the cytosolic sequestration of Nrf2 under physiological conditions (Fig. 2 a). (springer.com)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle responsible for protein synthesis, folding, post-translational modification of proteins and protein trafficking in eukaryotes ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In download Dopamine in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Schizophrenia: to find the place of here shown early ligands, Rev clusters between the synthesis and storage-inducing resulting body homodimer protein proteins( suggested in Li et al. (evakoch.com)

Aβ is produced through the endoproteolysis of APP, a large type 1 transmembrane protein. (jneurosci.org)
Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is a type II transmembrane protein and the member of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family, found to be overexpressed in different cancer types, including PC. (bjbms.org)

At the genomic level, it is rather difficult to analyze the disease, especially sporadic PD, from a single gene mutation, and it is more the imbalance in gene expression and phenotypic changes were caused by a variety of regulatory mechanisms which act as mediators between genotype and phenotype. (frontiersin.org)
Their upstream regulators such as transcription factors (TFs) may take a more critical role as drivers or master regulators to provide better clues on the underlying regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic applications. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent studies have provided evidence that neuronal susceptibility to apoptosis induced by traumatic or ischemic injury decreases during brain development. (jneurosci.org)

This library represents a selection of drug-like compounds aimed at modulating protein-protein interaction (PPI) of β-catenin with different proteins involved in significant physiological processes. (chemdiv.com)

The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)

Clathrin also interacts with cytoskeletal proteins. (lookformedical.com)

It may increase expression of viral proteins by acting as the DNA binding partner of a viral transactivator. (cancerindex.org)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
neighboring Expression represses to underlie identified by the oxidoreductase of Rev with importin-beta and B23 and signaling at the Syndecan transcription through proteases between acts and hours. (evakoch.com)
Injury-induced cytochrome c -specific cleavage of caspase-9 followed by activation of caspase-3 in mature brain correlated with marked increases in Apaf-1 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression. (jneurosci.org)
In this case the impaired protein folding induced by heat stress is, at least partially, counteracted by an increased expression of chaperone proteins. (cell-stress.com)

A constitutively expressed subfamily of the HSP70 heat-shock proteins. (lookformedical.com)

Due to the unobvious early symptoms and the influence of some adverse factors such as tumor heterogeneity and low immunogenicity, patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) cannot benefit significantly from treatments such as radical surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. (frontiersin.org)

However, resistance to apoptosis is considered to be a characteristic of several types of cancers. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, gene overexpression is also frequently associated to antifungal resistance as well as an increase in the activity of proteins that reduce oxidative damage. (intechopen.com)

FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)

The experiments showed that in the inactive form, the two ends of the protein form a sheet that closes a key site on the protein and prevents it from changing into its active form. (elifesciences.org)

HO-1 and their products exert beneficial effects through the protection against oxidative injury, regulation of apoptosis, modulation of inflammation as well as contribution to angiogenesis. (springer.com)

The major risk factors include chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, environmental carcinogens such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), alcoholic cirrhosis, and inherited genetic disorder such as hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, and tyrosinemia. (hindawi.com)
Both genetic and lifestyle factors may have contributed to its increased incidence and pathogenesis. (scielo.br)
Taken together, these findings highlight the remarkable interplay of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of African-American ESCC. (biomedcentral.com)
The combined action of genetic and environmental factors is believed to underlie the etiology of esophageal cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

1999), binding in the estrogen of the fatty proteoglycan of NOTCH2, NICD2, into the initiation. (evakoch.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms11

Chemicals and Drugs111

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes72

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Kinase6

Genes14

Transcriptional4

Induce apoptosis2

Oxidative stress5

Induces2

Epithelial1

Proliferation6

Vesicular transport2

Intracellular3

Cellular11

Activates2

Enzyme5

Adaptor protein5

Evolutionarily conserved1

Membrane proteins1

Pathways4

Leucine zipper2

Hypoxia5

Receptors2

Lipids3

Cell13

MiRNAs1

Stimulates1

Promotes3

Molecular2

Counteract1

Unfolded protein2

Induction4

Autophagy6

Receptor4

Demonstrate1

Hydrophobic1

Pathway3

Cells10

Inhibitor1

Synthesis2

Transmembrane protein2

Mechanisms2

Decreases1

Physiological1

Encodes2

Interacts1

Expression6

Hsp701

Tumor1

Resistance2

Interaction1

Prevents1

Regulation1

Genetic4

Initiation1