Endochondral bone formation 1998 bone morphogenetic protein 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow play a critical role in osteochondral repair. (hindawi.com)
In particular, reductions in the levels of Fgf8 and Fgf10 expression may be related to the observed delay in forelimb bud outgrowth that, in turn, leads to the formation of smaller mesenchymal condensations. (silverchair.com)
The skeletal elements of the limb are formed through a process known as endochondral ossification in which condensations of mesenchymal cells differentiate into cartilage and with maturation are replaced by bone. (silverchair.com)
The most commonly used type of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can be easily isolated from bone marrow or synovium and cultured in vitro . (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
In this study, we found that BMP-13 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BM MSCs) in vitro. (ijbs.com)
The multi-step process of endochondral bone formation begins with the condensation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. (silverchair.com)

Bone morphogenetic proteins are known for their ability to induce the growth of bone and cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
The concomitant decrease in cartilage fraction supports our prior work showing that β-NGF promotes endochondral conversion of cartilage to bone to accelerate healing. (frontiersin.org)
A bone marrow clot forms within the cartilage defect either as a result of marrow stimulation or during the course of the spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects. (hindawi.com)
The additional application of a bone marrow aspirate (BMA) to the procedure of marrow stimulation is thought to enhance cartilage repair as it may provide both an additional cell population capable of chondrogenesis and a source of growth factors stimulating cartilage repair. (hindawi.com)
If bone marrow fills a cartilage defect either as a result of marrow stimulation for chondral defects or the course of the spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects, a bone marrow clot forms within the cartilage defect. (hindawi.com)
In the orthopaedic field, additional application of a bone marrow aspirate (BMA) to the procedure of marrow stimulation has been recently studied, since the bone marrow itself is both a source of MSCs, providing a cell population capable of chondrogenesis and of various growth factors stimulating cartilage repair [ 7 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
BMP-13, also known as growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6) and cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 (CDMP-2), was first identified and isolated as a component of bovine cartilage [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
In vivo, mutational inactivation of the BMP-13 gene is associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS), characterised by congenital fusion of the cervical spine vertebrae [ 14 ], and caused defects in joint, ligament, and cartilage formation in a transgenic mouse model [ 15 ]. (ijbs.com)
We found that upregulating Ihh signaling in the developing cartilage by treating PTHrP -/- limb explants with sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein in vitro, or overexpressing Ihh in the cartilage of PTHrP -/- embryos or inactivating patched 1( Ptch1 ), a negative regulator of hedgehog (Hh) signaling, accelerated chondrocyte hypertrophy in the PTHrP -/- embryos. (silverchair.com)
In addition, we found that bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the cartilage may both mediate the effect of upregulated Ihh signaling in promoting chondrocyte hypertrophy. (silverchair.com)

BMPs were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. (wikipedia.org)
BMPs were originally identified because of their ability to induce endochondral bone formation and are important regulators of key events in the process of bone formation during embryogenesis, postnatal growth, remodelling and regeneration of the skeleton [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)

The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. (wikipedia.org)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, which includes the families of TGF-βs, BMPs, activins and inhibins. (ijbs.com)
Comparisons with other BMPs known for their ability to stimulate bone growth have suggested that BMP-13 is not strongly osteo-inductive [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. (ijbs.com)
The function of BMPs in bone remodelling and fracture repair is associated with the recruitment of stem cells from surrounding tissues and with effects on the osteogenic lineage commitment of these cells. (ijbs.com)
Local factors, including transcription factors such as SRY-box 9 protein (SOX9), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), along with signaling pathways such as the Wnt pathway, play critical roles in chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. (pfmjournal.org)

In conclusion, BMP-13 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, implying that functional mutations or deficiency of BMP-13 may allow excess bone formation. (ijbs.com)

This review provides an overview of the structural aspects of the growth plate, factors influencing chondrocyte function, and their impact on longitudinal bone growth. (pfmjournal.org)
This, in turn, precipitates chondrocyte apoptosis, thereby, osteoblasts invade the hypertrophic zone and bone formation occurs [ 5 ]. (pfmjournal.org)
Chondrocyte hypertrophy is an essential process required for endochondral bone formation. (silverchair.com)
To understand whether there is a PTHrP -independent role of Ihh signaling in regulating chondrocyte hypertrophy, we have both activated and inactivated Ihh signaling in the absence of PTHrP during endochondral skeletal development. (silverchair.com)

In the light of a recent report that mutations in the BMP-13 gene are associated with spine vertebral fusion in Klippel-Feil syndrome, we hypothesized that BMP-13 signaling is crucial for regulating embryonic endochondral ossification. (ijbs.com)
Intermuscular bones (IBs) are slender linear bones embedded in muscle, which ossify from tendons through a process of intramembranous ossification, and only exist in basal teleosts. (zoores.ac.cn)
The growth plate, a complex of cartilaginous structures situated between the epiphysis and the metaphysis of the long bones, orchestrates the process of endochondral ossification, which determines the linear growth of long bones [ 1 - 3 ]. (pfmjournal.org)
Endochondral ossification is a major bone-forming process in vertebrate skeletal development. (silverchair.com)

In vitro release studies showed there is significant retention of protein within the polymer matrix over 168 hours through physiochemical interactions. (frontiersin.org)
We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)

Our finding provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of BMP-13 in restricting pathological bone formation. (ijbs.com)
We strongly believe that molecular targets (tumor-related and bone microenvironment based) that have been implicated in lung cancer bone metastases hold great promise in lung cancer therapeutics. (hindawi.com)
Thus, this paper discusses some of the emerging molecular targets that have provided insights into the cascade of metastases in lung cancer with the focus on bone invasion. (hindawi.com)
This underscores the need to assess molecular targets that can be exploited in prevention or clinical management of lung cancer metastases to bone. (hindawi.com)
We believe that these molecular targets could guide in determining timing of therapeutic interventions that offer the best opportunity to prevent and/or halt extent of bone metastases. (hindawi.com)
Thus, in this report, we will assess the data on lung cancer bone metastases with the intention of evaluating key molecular targets that could be applied in optimizing lung cancer treatment strategies. (hindawi.com)

Runt‑related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a pivotal transcription factor in mammary gland and bone development, has also been related to metastatic cancer and BCSCs. (spandidos-publications.com)
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) belongs to the RUNX family (including RUNX1-3) and has been recognized as a key modulator and master transcription factor for osteogenesis, as well as prostate and skeletal development ( 4 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

They were first isolated from the bone marrow, and the potency of MSCs is currently being employed in the techniques of marrow stimulation for symptomatic small chondral defects. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, the bone marrow clot provides a three-dimensional (3D) environment which supports the chondrogenesis of MSCs. (hindawi.com)
A focus is on the steps of mobilization of cells from the subchondral bone and repair tissue formation, including adherence of the bone marrow clot to the subchondral bone. (hindawi.com)

IHH signal induces activation of Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein (PTHRP) on the articular surface and gets rid of the hypertrophy of chondrocytes [ 49 ]. (regenmedres-journal.org)

Taken together, these observations suggest a role of matrix metalloproteinases in the establishment of asymmetric organ development, likely through the regulation of morphogenetic signals. (bmj.com)
The association between loss or down-regulation of E-cadherin, an epithelial cell-cell adhesion protein, and progression of breast cancer has been extensively documented [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)

Amidst this, tissue engineering using stem cells has emerged as a hot topic of research and is a promising alternative to the traditional techniques of bone grafting. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
The recurrence and drug resistance of breast cancer are intractable due to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which are adequate to initiate tumor formation and refractory to conventional remedies. (spandidos-publications.com)

Mobilized pluripotent MSCs from the subchondral bone migrate into the defect filled with the clot, differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts, and form a repair tissue over time. (hindawi.com)
Indeed, BMP-13 expression was absent from osteoblasts or newly formed osteocytes, rather BMP-13 was strongly detected in chondrocytes in a human osteophyte (bone spur) study [ 13 ]. (ijbs.com)

We demonstrate a novel and translational method wherein β-NGF can be encapsulated within PEGDMA microrods for local delivery and that β-NGF bioactivity is maintained resulting in improved bone fracture repair. (frontiersin.org)

Bone morphogenetic protein-13 (BMP-13) plays an important role in skeletal development. (ijbs.com)

Importantly, a single injection of β-NGF loaded PEGDMA microrods resulted in improved fracture healing as indicated by a significant increase in the percent bone in the fracture callus, trabecular connective density, and bone mineral density relative to soluble β-NGF control indicating improved drug retention within the tissue. (frontiersin.org)
Over time, they form a fibrocartilaginous repair tissue in the defect and close the connection with the subchondral bone. (hindawi.com)
Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeletal system that is characterized by deterioration of bone tissue, along with a decrease in bone mass. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Bone is a living tissue that maintains a balance through the bone-building activity of osteoblasts, with the reabsorptive activity of osteoclasts. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)

Defects in these processes cause heterotaxy, the abnormal formation and arrangement of visceral organs that can range from complete inversion of symmetry to the selective misarrangement of organs. (bmj.com)

Injectable therapies designed to stimulate bone healing represent an exciting alternative to surgically implanted biologics, however, the translation of effective osteoinductive therapies remains challenging due to the need for safe and effective drug delivery. (frontiersin.org)

Bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) is critically involved in many developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)

2 Although named differently across vertebrate taxa, this structure has been observed in many species such as mouse (node), rabbit (Hensen's node) and zebrafish (Kupffer's vesicle, KV). (bmj.com)

Bone morphogenetic protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP6 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TGFβ superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
Using Affymetrix Gene Chip analysis, we have identified genes linked to regenerative success downstream of BMP signalling, including the BMP inhibitor Gremlin and the stress protein Hsp60 ( no blastema in zebrafish). (biomedcentral.com)
The Hh gene family encodes a secreted protein that plays a critical regulatory role in the process of embryogenesis and environmental stabilization in adult tissues of invertebrates and vertebrates [ 44 ]. (regenmedres-journal.org)
2) We have discovered a group of oncoproteins that are implicated in long-term maintenance of gene expression through their effects on the state of chromatin. (stanford.edu)

Mutations in the 5′ or posterior murine Hox genes (paralogous groups 9-13) markedly affect the formation of the stylopod, zeugopod and autopod of both forelimbs and hindlimbs. (silverchair.com)

5 , 6 In concordance with the role of nodal cilia in L-R asymmetry, mutations in the motor proteins Kif3A and Kif3B, and the transcription factor Foxj1 in the mouse have demonstrated that ciliary motility is important for L-R asymmetry. (bmj.com)

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. (lookformedical.com)

Bone mass can be determined by a bone mineral density test (BMD), such as a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
7 Wherever possible, healthcare providers can instruct clients about natural therapies that may be equally effective for specific health conditions, but present a substantially lower risk for interfering with bone density. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)

Bone metastasis is a major determinant of treatment outcome, quality of life, and survival for lung cancer patients [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Long bone growth is a fundamental determinant of final height. (pfmjournal.org)

Although there are currently some available palliative treatment options for patients with bone metastases from any solid tumor origin such as radiation therapy and bone targeted/bone strengthening treatments (bisphosphonates and denosumab) that are used in clinical practice, none of them is specific for lung cancer metastases and they do not affect the poor survival outcome of this disease. (hindawi.com)

These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)

It can strike anyone at any age, although it is most prevalent in Caucasian and Asian, small-boned women over 50. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)

Long bone growth plays a pivotal role in determining overall height. (pfmjournal.org)

The efficacy of Pex for preventing heterotopic ossifications was evaluated by the presence of flare-ups, measurements of serum bone markers, and changes in the total bone volume calculated by the three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images. (biomedcentral.com)

In the absence of SHH, PTC and G Protein-coupled Receptor161 (GPR161) are located at the base of primary cilium (PC), while accumulation of SMO is diminished by transporting sterol-like SMO ligand outside by a 'tunnel' structure of PTC1. (regenmedres-journal.org)

The bone is one of the frequent metastatic sites for lung cancer occurring in a large number of patients. (hindawi.com)
It is generally believed that the high mortality rate of lung cancer cases may be a result of the aggressiveness and invasive and metastatic potential of the disease and the fact that it is not easily detectable until it reaches advanced stages [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
For instance, the five-year survival rate for patients with (stage IA) after surgical resection is close to 70% but the five-year survival rate for patients with stage IV (metastatic disease) is as low as 2% [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The bone is one of the most common metastatic sites for lung cancer [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

Involvement of bone in lung cancer metastases is a major source of morbidity and mortality arising from skeletal related events (SREs) [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is a major constituent of bone (BONE AND BONES) and SKIN and consists of a heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains. (lookformedical.com)

However, the most significant defect appears to be the failure to form normal growth plates at the proximal and distal ends of the zeugopod bones. (silverchair.com)
As a consequence, growth and maturation of these bones is highly disorganized,resulting in the creation of amorphous bony elements, rather than a normal radius and ulna. (silverchair.com)
Results showed that endogenous BMP-13 mRNA expression was higher than BMP-2 or -7 during MSC growth. (ijbs.com)

Development (2004) 131 (2): 299-309. (silverchair.com)
We are investigating how Pbx and Meis proteins contribute to the specificity of Hox function in development and how disruption of their activities leads to neoplasia. (stanford.edu)

Immunoblot analysis was used to measure the expression of δEF1 at the protein level in δEF1-overexpressing and δEF1-interfered MDA-MB-231 cells. (biomedcentral.com)

A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation. (lookformedical.com)

Volumetric 3D-CT analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the total bone volume of Case 2 (378 cm 3 ) and Case 3 (833 cm 3 ) during the two-year study period. (biomedcentral.com)

The term osteoporosis describes a condition inside the bones in which large porous areas develop, weakening the bone structure. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)

Anatomy53

Organisms9

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs99

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes45

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science3

Mesenchymal6

Cartilage10

Induce endochondral2

BMPs5

Differentiation1

Chondrocyte4

Ossification4

Vitro2

Molecular6

RUNX22

Marrow3

Hypertrophy1

Regulation3

Stem cells2

Chondrocytes2

Fracture repair1

Skeletal development1

Tissue4

Defects1

Stimulate bone1

Developmental1

Vertebrate1

Gene5

Genes1

Mutations1

Mammalian1

Density2

Determinant2

Bisphosphonates1

Transcription factors1

Prevalent1

Pivotal1

Markers1

Absence1

Metastatic4

Major2

Growth3

Development2

Expression1

Deficiency1

Analysis1

Large1