Pax2 along with other transcription factors Pax5, Pax8, En1, and En 2 are expressed across the Otx2-Gbx2 boundary in the mid-hindbrain region. (wikipedia.org)
The activation of Pax2, Pax5, and Pax8 is a conserved feature of all vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
Pax2 and Pax8 are also necessary for the formation of the pronephros and subsequent kidney structures. (wikipedia.org)
Pax2 and Pax8 regulate the expression of Gata3. (wikipedia.org)
Fgf3 and Fgf8 are upstream activators of atoh1 genes during both phases,and foxi1, pax8 and dlx genes regulate atoh1b in the preplacode. (biologists.com)
Vertebrate2
Accordingly, in ecdysozoan and vertebrate model organisms, orthologs of Pax2/5/8 are among others involved in the formation of the midbrain/hindbrain boundary, the auditory/geosensory organ systems, and the excretory system. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore,the absence of Ftm in arthropods underlines the divergence between vertebrate and Drosophila Hh pathways. (silverchair.com)
Play important roles2
The Pax Genes, or Paired-Box Containing Genes, play important roles in the development and proliferation of multiple cell lines, development of organs, and development and organization of the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
There are three distinct MHB-specific enhancers in the upstream region of Pax2. (wikipedia.org)
Sensory5
PAX2 encodes for the transcription factor which appears to be essential in the organization of the midbrain and hindbrain regions, and at the earliest can be detected on either side of the sulcus limitans, which separates motor and sensory nerve nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
Pax2/5/8 is expressed in regions where sensory cells develop subsequently during ontogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, Pax2/5/8 is expressed in multimodal sensory systems in mollusks such as the esthetes and the ampullary system of polyplacophorans as well as the eyes of cephalopods. (biomedcentral.com)
Pax2/5/8 -expressing cells are present in regions where the future sensory cells such as the polyplacophoran esthetes are situated and hence Pax2/5/8 expression probably predates sensory cell development during ontogeny. (biomedcentral.com)
prospective sensory cells begin to express p27 kip1 and exit the cell cycle before expression of Atoh1 , and this process still occurs in Atoh1 mutants. (biologists.com)
Embryos1
No Pax2/5/8 expression was observed in the less centralized CNS of bivalve, polyplacophoran, and gastropod embryos, thus arguing for a loss of Pax2/5/8 involvement in CNS development in these lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations5
Mutations within PAX2 have been shown to result in optic nerve colobomas and renal hypoplasia. (wikipedia.org)
Without these genes mutations in the urogenital system arise. (wikipedia.org)
The most prominent target gene is BRCA, in which mutations were first identified in breast cancer and ovarian cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Pancreatic cancer has also been reported to have a strong relationship with BRCA gene mutations, which indicates that pancreatic cancer patients may benefit from PARP inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
A family history of pancreatic cancer is an essential risk factor [ 20 ], and germline BRCA2 mutations comprise the highest proportion of known reasons for inherited pancreatic cancer [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
20011
SHH signaling regulates dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube by repressing genes that are associated with dorsal and lateral fates and by activating genes associated with ventral fates (reviewed by Briscoe and Ericson, 2001 ). (silverchair.com)
Variants3
Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. (wikipedia.org)
The N501Y amino acid mutation caused by a single point substitution A23063T in the spike gene of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is possessed by three variants of concern (VOCs), B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1. (bvsalud.org)
We developed and validated a single nucleotide polymorphism real-time reverse transcription PCR assay using allelic discrimination of the spike gene N501Y mutation to screen for potential variants of concern and differentiate them from SARS-CoV-2 lineages without the N501Y mutation. (bvsalud.org)
Protein3
Paired box gene 2, also known as Pax-2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PAX2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
these include the LIM domain protein LIN-11 , the Pax2/5/8 protein EGL-38 , the zinc finger protein LIN-29 , and the Nkx6.1/6.2 protein COG-1. (wormbook.org)
In invertebrates, such as Drosophila , Hh binds its receptor Patched (Ptc) and thereby activates Smoothened (Smo),another transmembrane protein. (silverchair.com)
Therapeutic1
Due to its role in these diseases, Pax2 is an attractive therapeutic target and a number of methods for inhibiting its activity have been investigated. (wikipedia.org)
Fgf83
Concentration gradients of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family, Member 1 (Wnt1) control expression of Pax-2 during development of the Mesencephalon, or midbrain. (wikipedia.org)
Pax 2 is a transcription factor controlled by the signaling molecules Wnt1 and Fgf8. (wikipedia.org)
According to some comprehensive genomic analyses, four major driver genes have been identified in pancreatic cancer: KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4. (biomedcentral.com)
Distinct2
A coordinated tempo-spatial expression of transcription factors is required for cell type specification and the differentiation of the three germ layers into distinct organ systems during bilaterian ontogeny [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These genes crossregulate each other but are differentially required during distinct developmental periods, first in the preotic placode and later in the otic vesicle. (biologists.com)
Domain2
The central feature of this transcription factor gene family is the conserved DNA-binding paired box domain. (wikipedia.org)
Our results, along with those on Otx - and Hox -gene expression, demonstrate that the cephalopod condition is similar to that in mouse and fruit fly, with Otx being expressed in the anterior-most brain region (except for the vertical lobe) and a Pax2/5/8 expression domain separating the Otx -domain from a Hox -gene-expressing posterior brain region. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiation2
In mollusks, Pax2/5/8 is only expressed in derivatives of the ectoderm and hence an ancestral role in molluscan ectoderm differentiation is inferred. (biomedcentral.com)
As the equivalence group develops, a few cells upregulate Atoh1 expression and complete differentiation as hair cells. (biologists.com)
Development4
The transcription factor gene PAX2 is important in the regionalized embryological development of the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Similar patterning during embryological development can be observed in "basal chordates or ascidians," in which organization of the central nervous system in ascidian larvae are also controlled by fibroblast growth factor genes. (wikipedia.org)
Pax2/5/8 expression was investigated by in situ hybridization during the development of representatives of the two major molluscan subclades, Aculifera and Conchifera. (biomedcentral.com)
A model is presented in which zebrafish atoh1 genes operate in a complex network leading to hair cell development. (biologists.com)
Independently2
Thus, Pax2/5/8 appears to have been recruited independently into regionalization of non-homologous complex brains of organisms as different as squid, fruit fly, and mouse. (biomedcentral.com)
However, p27 kip1 expression and cell cycle withdrawal could be regulated independently from equivalence group specification. (biologists.com)
Appears1
Pax2 expression in these diseases appears fuel cell cycling, inhibit cell death, and confer resistance to chemotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
Highly1
For example, Pax2 is highly expressed in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), Wilms' tumor (WT), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (wikipedia.org)
Early2
Pancreatic cancer is the third most common cancer related to early-onset gene mutation in breast cancer (BRCA, breast cancer susceptibility genes) as well as ovarian cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Interactions with the Notch pathway confirm that atoh1 genes have early proneural function. (biologists.com)
Shown2
PAX2 has been shown to interact with PAXIP1. (wikipedia.org)
Mutation gene sequencing has shown several gene associations that may account for its carcinogenesis, revealing a promising research direction. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells3
The anchor cell induces nearby epidermal precursor cells to generate vulval cells via an epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathway. (wormbook.org)
Hair cells of the inner ear develop from an equivalence group marked by expression of the proneural gene Atoh1 . (biologists.com)
The rest lose expression of Atoh1 and become support cells. (biologists.com)
Target2
PAX2 is believed to be a target of transcriptional suppression by the tumor suppressor gene WT1. (wikipedia.org)
As this tool is specifically applicable to a subset of Lm, the use of this method modification may provide a working example of tailoring methodology to target the known subtype of the pathogen of interest in an outbreak investigation, or for regular monitoring activities in conjunction with a PCR screen for allose genes on preenrichment cultures. (bvsalud.org)
Include1
Expression domains include esthetes and the ampullary system in polyplacophorans as well as the eyes of cephalopods. (biomedcentral.com)