However, the factors involved in the blockade of BMP4 signals to proneural genes are still unknown. (justia.com)
These transcriptional factors belong to the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor family and bind the E-box DNA motifs in the promoter regions of target genes to enhance transcription. (molcells.org)
Genes showing reduced expression due to these RNAi treatments were short and enriched for genes encoding metabolic or enzymatic functions. (sdbonline.org)
To understand how the functions of neural bHLH genes have evolved among bilaterians, we have performed a detailed study of bHLH genes during nervous system development in the polychaete annelid, Platynereis dumerilii , an organism which is evolutionary distant from both Drosophila and vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
We have studied Platynereis orthologs of the most important vertebrate neural bHLH genes, i.e. achaete-scute, neurogenin, atonal, olig , and NeuroD genes, the latter two being genes absent of the Drosophila genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Our analysis suggests that the Platynereis bHLH genes have both proneural and neuronal specification functions, in a way more akin to the vertebrate situation than to that of Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic and molecular studies mainly conducted in Drosophila and vertebrates have shown that genes encoding transcription factors of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) class play pivotal roles in various steps of neurogenesis, including commitment of neural precursors (proneural function), specification of particular neuronal identities, and neuronal differentiation [ 1 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a master transcriptional regulator of genes regulating oxygen homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Subfamily I HKT genes ( HKT1s ) encode Na + -selective transporters, which are mostly located at the plasma membrane in xylem parenchyma cells. (springeropen.com)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
PTF1(Inorganic Phosphorus Starvation Induced Transcription Factor 1) is overexpressed during phosphorus stress and regulates number of genes to combat this abiotic stress. (als-journal.com)
PTF1 (Inorganic Phosphorus Starvation Induced Transcription Factor 1) is a member of bHLH (basic Helix Loop Helix) family of wheat regulating several genes during phosphorus starvation. (als-journal.com)
However, Notch signaling may act to regulate differentiation by controlling the proneural genes at the transcriptional level or Notch signaling could act in already committed precursors by inhibiting proneural factors posttranslationally. (biomedcentral.com)
More modestly induced target genes, encoding aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor ( AHRR ), spectrin repeat-containing nuclear envelope protein 1 (SYNE-1), and gap junction protein gamma 1 ( GJC1 ), were regulated solely by AHR1α. (xenbase.org)
Under hypoxic conditions activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including, erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. (abcam.cn)
Proteins4
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (MiT family) proteins are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that perform many essential biological functions. (molcells.org)
Cytoplasmic proteins that bind certain aryl hydrocarbons, translocate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of particular DNA segments. (lookformedical.com)
Functional studies in model organisms, such as vertebrates and Drosophila , have shown that basic Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) proteins have important roles in different steps of neurogenesis, from the acquisition of neural fate to the differentiation into specific neural cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
However, these studies highlighted many differences in the expression and function of orthologous bHLH proteins during neural development between vertebrates and Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
Protein15
Protein atonal homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATOH1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The present invention also relates to a gene which hybridizes with the neurogenesis inducing gene encoding for a protein comprising at least a portion of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2. (justia.com)
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid encoding a protein having at least a portion of the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 42 and in SEQ ID NO: 44. (justia.com)
The lilli gene encodes a nuclear protein related to the AF4/FMR2 family. (sdbonline.org)
Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 is a transcription factor with important roles in the control of fatty acid metabolism and adipogenesis. (diabetesjournals.org)
Exposure of isolated human adipocytes to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) produced a marked and specific decrease in the mRNA encoding the SREBP1c isoform and completely blocked the insulin-induced cleavage of SREBP1 protein. (diabetesjournals.org)
RCAN1 is upregulated by stress factors, such as protein aggregates, elevated intracellular calcium, oxidative stress, and glucocorticoid, prevents excess and dangerous over-activation of calcineurin. (molcells.org)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)
Neural retina-specific leucine zipper protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRL gene . (en-academic.com)
The encoded protein is conserved among vertebrates and is a critical intrinsic regulator of photoceptor development and function. (en-academic.com)
It encodes for a 480 amino acid long protein weighing 51.32 kDa. (als-journal.com)
Differentiation6
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor NeuroD (Neurod1) has been implicated in neuronal fate determination, differentiation and survival. (biologists.com)
The early process of vertebrate neurogenesis is divided into several basic processes, such as differentiation into the neural plate (neural induction) and formation and maturation of the neural network from the ectoderm. (justia.com)
Neurogenin, NeuroD, XASH-3, XATH-3) which are involved in the control of neural induction (i.e., neurogenesis, neural differentiation) and in the coding for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are also known. (justia.com)
Genetic studies have shown that formation of pancreatic endocrine cells in mice is dependent on the cell autonomous action of the bHLH transcription factor Neurogenin3 and that the extent and timing of endocrine differentiation is controlled by Notch signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
We capitalize on a recent genome duplication in Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) to interrogate possible functional differentiation between alloalleles of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( AHR ), a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates toxicity of dioxin-like compounds and plays a role in the physiology and development of the cardiovascular, hepatic, and immune systems in vertebrates. (xenbase.org)
Inhibitor of differentiation 2 ( Id2 ) is a critical factor for cell proliferation and differentiation in normal vertebrate development. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcriptional2
Transcriptional elongation is a generic function, but is also regulated to allow rapid transcription responses. (sdbonline.org)
We previously found that promoting transcriptional activity of the Class I bHLH factor E47 in highly aggressive PDA cells induced stable growth arrest in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
Regulate3
Since glucocorticoids are essential for life, other cellular signaling pathways strongly regulate GR actions in many different ways, such as physical interaction via their effector transcription factors and epigenetic modifications including phosphorylation and acetylation. (brainimmune.com)
During PDA progression, pancreatic acinar cells lose activity of the ClassI/II bHLH factors that regulate quiescence. (oncotarget.com)
More significantly, we developed a method to predict transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) and their cognate transcription factors (TFs) using genomic sequence and transcriptomic data. (tmu.edu.tw)
Neurogenesis2
In preferred embodiments, the present invention provides a nucleic acid encoding a neurogenesis inducing gene (e.g., early neurogenesis inducing gene). (justia.com)
We report here that the bHLH factor Her5 acts as a prepattern gene to prevent neurogenesis in the anlage of the midbrain/hindbrain boundary in the zebrafish neural plate. (silverchair.com)
Induces1
BMP4 is a factor which induces the ectoderm into epidermal cells. (justia.com)
Regulates1
In studies during the early 1990's, Gregg Semenza identified, and then in 1995 purified and cloned, a transcription factor that regulates these oxygen-dependent responses. (nobelprize.org)
Roles1
In recent years, studies have shown that GRF transcription factors play essential roles in plant growth development and defence responses to biological and abiotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor1
Overexpression of Id2 in ERα-positive epithelial tumor cells indeed increases the cells' invasive potential through a novel mechanism independent of dimerization to basic helix-loop-helix factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays, we measured mRNA concentrations of total HIF-1α and 4 variants in breast tissue specimens in a series of 29 normal tissues or benign lesions (normal/benign) and 53 primary carcinomas. (biomedcentral.com)
Targeted disruption of the gene encoding D4Rs reduces the amplitude of the contrast sensitivity rhythm by reducing daytime sensitivity and abolishes the rhythmic expression of Npas2 and Adcy1 mRNA in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the retina. (jneurosci.org)
Neuronal2
Finally, the expression patterns of three neuronal type-specific transcription factors, unc-3, unc-4 and unc-30 , were altered. (biologists.com)
Our data suggest that cnd-1 may specify the identity of ventral cord motor neurons both by maintaining the mitotic competence of their precursors and by modulating the expression of neuronal type-specific determination factors. (biologists.com)
Gene expression1
Through the combined work of these three laureates it was thus demonstrated that the response by gene expression to changes in oxygen is directly coupled to oxygen levels in the animal cell, allowing immediate cellular responses to occur to oxygenation through the action of the HIF transcription factor. (nobelprize.org)
Human3
These are human health and plant resistance to pathogens and to biotic and abiotic stress factors. (mdpi.com)
The human genome encodes seven sirtuins, with representatives from classes I-IV (Table 1 ) [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN) was first reported as a novel gene called DSCR1, encoded in a region termed the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) of human chromosome 21. (molcells.org)
Mammals1
In mammals, the MiT family consists of MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor or melanocyte-inducing transcription factor), TFEB (transcription factor EB), TFE3 (transcription factor E3), and TFEC (transcription factor EC). (molcells.org)
Responses1
Many transcription factors (TFs), such as those in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family, are important for regulating plant growth and plant responses to abiotic stress. (springeropen.com)
Biological2
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals. (lookformedical.com)
Most of the biological function of Id2 has been ascribed to its helix-loop-helix motif. (biomedcentral.com)
Promoter1
Following relatively long initiation and promoter clearance, RNA polymerase II can pause and then rapidly elongate following recruitment of positive elongation factors. (sdbonline.org)
Dependent2
It activates E-box dependent transcription along with TCF3 (E47). (wikipedia.org)
These diverse actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and functions as a hormone-dependent transcription factor. (brainimmune.com)
Superfamily1
These subunits are members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor superfamily containing a PAS [PER (Period Clock) -ARNT-SIM (Single-minded)] domain [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression3
Expression profiles following lilliputian and Suppressor of Triplolethal RNAi were nearly identical raising the possibility that they are obligatory co-factors. (sdbonline.org)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
In situ hybridization showed that expression of Notch signaling components and pro-endocrine bHLH factors is conserved to a large degree between chicken and mouse. (biomedcentral.com)
Development4
Development (1998) 125 (17): 3497-3508. (biologists.com)
A MYB-related transcription factor (MIXTA) that controls development of conical cell form is expressed only in the inner epidermis of Antirrhinum petals. (biologists.com)
Past studies have shown that growth-regulating factors ( GRFs ) and GRF -interacting factors ( GIFs ) are involved in regulating plant growth and development, responding to environmental stress, and responding to the induction of exogenous hormones. (biomedcentral.com)
We conclude that pancreatic endocrine development in the chicken relies on a conserved bHLH cascade under inhibitory control of Notch signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Signals2
Considering its pleiotropic role, it seems evident that the cells, to get a specific message in the proper time and manner, need precise and efficient mechanisms to encode and decode Ca 2+ signals. (schoolbag.info)
It is intriguing to observe that cells can encode and discriminate Ca 2+ signals not only according to their magnitude but also according to their localization (microdomains) and shape;i.e., cells can discriminate between sustained and oscillatory signals. (schoolbag.info)
Cells1
MCF-7 and SKOV-3 cells were stably transfected with the wild-type, degradation-resistant full-length or helix-loop-helix (HLH)-deleted Id2, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Activity2
This enzyme, encoded by CYP1A1 gene, can be measured by using ethoxyresorufin as a substrate for the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity. (lookformedical.com)
To translate these findings for clinical utility, we developed a high throughput screening platform to identify small molecule inducers of Class I/II bHLH activity. (oncotarget.com)
Domain1
1992). "A conserved retina-specific gene encodes a basic motif/leucine zipper domain" . (en-academic.com)
Long1
During its long growth period, it is affected by various environmental factors. (biomedcentral.com)