AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Squalene MonooxygenaseBase SequenceMolecular Sequence DataComplement Factor HSqualeneTranscription, GeneticDNA-Binding ProteinsPromoter Regions, GeneticComplement Factor BGluconacetobacter xylinusBinding SitesRNA, MessengerNuclear ProteinsRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidDimethylglycine DehydrogenaseGene Expression RegulationComplement Factor IProteinsProtein BindingComplement C3b Inactivator ProteinsRNA PrecursorsKineticsRNA-Binding ProteinsRibosomesHeLa CellsTranscription FactorsMolecular WeightDNAProtein BiosynthesisRNA 3' End ProcessingPeptide Initiation FactorsRNA SplicingAmino Acid SequenceBacterial ProteinsCloning, MolecularDeoxyribonuclease ImRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation FactorsEnhancer Elements, GeneticRibonucleoproteinsMagnesiumSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCell NucleusCell LineCarrier ProteinsCycloheximideCytosolNucleic Acid ConformationOxygenasesRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalReticulocytesChromatography, GelGenes, RegulatorElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelComplement Pathway, Alternative5' Untranslated RegionsChromatography, DEAE-CelluloseCell-Free SystemRNA, TransferPeptide Chain Initiation, TranslationalRNA, Transfer, Amino AcylEscherichia coliNucleotide MappingAdenosine TriphosphatePlasmidsMutationSpliceosomesRNA, Transfer, MetSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidTemplates, GeneticMagnesium ChlorideSea UrchinsGenesRNA, Small NuclearGuanosine TriphosphatePotassium ChlorideDNA FootprintingRabbitsRNA, FungalChromatography, AffinityComplement C3bMacromolecular SubstancesRNA NucleotidyltransferasesRestriction MappingRNAPlant ProteinsSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsChromatography, Ion ExchangeLiverGlobinsOligonucleotide ProbesUltraviolet RaysMicrosomes, LiverRNA, BacterialElectrophoretic Mobility Shift AssayTransfectionCattleRecombinant ProteinsTumor Cells, CulturedFungal Proteins3' Untranslated Regions
Early embryonic developmentFibroblastsTranscription FactorsRegulated during embryonic deveStem CellDifferentiationIntracellularDevelopmentReactive oxygenRecombinantESCsBindsMutationsAmino acidsPredominantly expressedPhosphorylationGene expressionApoptosisGenes and proteinsPluripotencyMitochondrialExpressionHomeoboxHumanPolycombRegulateRegulatory proteinsRegulationSignal transductionCellPathwayPlacentalMediatesEpidermalAdultVascularKinaseCardiacNuclearVitroTissueSOX2InteractionMurineRetinoicChromatinExtracellularCells
Early embryonic development3
  • Homeobox proteins direct the formation of body structures during early embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Zaret's lab previously discovered pioneer factors in 2002 and has been working to better understand their function and role in early embryonic development. (newswise.com)
  • FGFs are essential for early embryonic development, organ formation, and angiogenesis. (rcsb.org)
Fibroblasts6
  • Here, we examined long-range chromatin interactions genome-wide in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), iPSCs, and fibroblasts and uncovered a pluripotency-specific genome organization that is gradually reestablished during reprogramming. (ca.gov)
  • To elucidate the general importance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptosis, we exposed mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient for n-cofilin, ADF (actin depolymerizing factor), or all ADF/cofilin isoforms to well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)
  • To test the relevance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptotic processes, we here employed a genetically well-defined system of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) devoid of any ADF/cofilin activity and challenged these cells with well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)
  • Here we report that TSC1 and TSC2 regulate Smoothened (SMO)-dependent HH signaling in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). (springer.com)
  • 2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
  • Wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) at a low level, whereas treatment with Cd significantly increased the ROS production. (cdc.gov)
Transcription Factors19
Regulated during embryonic deve1
  • Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. (nih.gov)
Stem Cell8
  • The following product was used in this experiment: SOX2 (Embryonic Stem Cell Marker) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (SOX2/4267R) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 6657-RBM7-P1. (thermofisher.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived MSCs are an alternative to adult MSCs that can circumvent issues regarding scalability and consistent quality due to their derivation from a renewable starting material. (nature.com)
  • Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
  • Stem cell differentiation is determined by growth factor signaling, which is mediated by proteoglycans, long chains of sugars that are bound to protein surfaces. (lbl.gov)
  • SALL4 is a transcription factor that is important for development and embryonic stem cell properties. (confex.com)
  • These findings provide supporting evidence that enrichment for proteins involved in pluripotency is not restricted solely to malignant tumors as is suggested by the "stem cell theory of cancer", but additionally extends to common benign vascular tumors such as hemangiomas. (medscape.com)
  • The finding, described in 2006, transformed stem cell research by providing a new source of cells that resemble embryonic stem cells, which are able to give rise to any type of specialized cell in the body except sex cells. (scientificamerican.com)
  • We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)
Differentiation11
  • This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • For example, the encoded protein represses the transcription of differentiation-specific genes during keratinocyte proliferation, but this repression is then overcome by differentiation signals. (nih.gov)
  • The WT1 protein mediates the mesenchymal-epithelial transition and differentiation during morphogenesis of the kidney and gonad by repressing genes that encode cell proliferation factors and by activating genes that encode markers of epithelial cell differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • The encoded protein can block ES cell differentiation and can also autorepress its own expression in differentiating cells. (nih.gov)
  • and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
  • Simple Plex assay for the detection of mouse Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) in cell culture supernatant (CCS), serum, plasma (EDTA/Heparin), and urine. (rndsystems.com)
  • Growth/differentiation factors (GDF-1 to GDF-15) are members of the BMP family of TGF-beta superfamily proteins. (rndsystems.com)
  • Unlike female mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which possess two active X chromosomes and undergo XCI upon induction of differentiation, female human ESCs exhibit various epigenetic states of the X chromosome, indicating a surprising epigenetic instability of these cells under normal culturing conditions. (ca.gov)
  • The application of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) requires reliable cell sources that do not change over time and initiate proper transcriptional and chromatin changes upon induction of differentiation. (ca.gov)
  • Users of the Molecular Foundry created a mimic of proteoglycans - surface-bound sugars - that are critical in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neural cells. (lbl.gov)
  • virtually every tissue expresses at least one family member, consistent with a critical role for TEAD proteins in either cell proliferation or differentiation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Intracellular7
  • We evaluated the expression of SALL4 using single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) utilizing 28 antibodies including surface lineage markers and intracellular proteins, such as p53, ki67, c-myc and pAKT to identify SALL4 expressed cells and related pathway in bone marrow (BM) for 10 MDS patients. (confex.com)
  • Find the tools and techniques, including BD fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies, buffers, kits and protocols that support intracellular cytokine staining and phosphoprotein and transcription factor detection by intracellular flow cytometry. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • While techniques for cell surface staining are relatively standard, optimal staining for intracellular markers often depends on the biology of the target protein. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • However, if they are trapped inside the cell, they can be stained as intracellular proteins using protein transport inhibitors such as BD GolgiStop™ (containing monensin) or BD GolgiPlug™ (containing brefeldin A). Cytokines are relatively accessible using the gentle fixation and permeabilization afforded by BD Cytofix/ Cytoperm™ Fixation and Permeabilization Solution. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Also, intracellular phosphatases can quickly dephosphorylate these proteins. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Conversely, during starvation mTORC1 is inhibited and autophagy is induced by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to generation of intracellular nutrients and energy during degradation of non-functional or non-essential organelles or protein aggregates [ 4 , 6 ], in turn contributing to cell survival. (springer.com)
  • We demonstrate that RA forms a noisy gradient during critical stages of hindbrain patterning and that cells use distinct intracellular binding proteins to attenuate noise in RA levels. (elifesciences.org)
Development29
  • Proper lung development depends on the precise temporal and spatial expression of several morphogenic factors, including Fgf10, Fgf9, Shh, Bmp4, and Tgf-β. (nih.gov)
  • Over- or under-expression of these molecules often leads to aberrant embryonic or postnatal lung development. (nih.gov)
  • Herein, we deleted the Tgf-β1 gene specifically within the lung embryonic mesenchymal compartment at specific gestational stages to determine the contribution of this cytokine to lung development. (nih.gov)
  • We identified five proteins, Hrs, Vav2, c-Kit, the regulatory subunit of Pi3k (P85), and Fgfr1, that were over- or under-phosphorylated in the mutant lung, suggesting that they could be indispensable effectors of the TGF-β signaling program during embryonic lung development. (nih.gov)
  • In conclusion, we have uncovered novel roles of the mesenchyme-specific Tgf-β1 ligand in embryonic mouse lung development and generated a mouse model that may prove helpful to identify some of the key pathogenic mechanisms underlying lung hypoplasia in humans. (nih.gov)
  • The ALX3 protein is necessary for normal development of the head and face, particularly the formation of the nose, which begins around the fourth week of development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Specifically, the protein controls the activity of genes that regulate cell growth and division (proliferation) and movement (migration), ensuring that cells grow and stop growing at specific times and that they are positioned correctly during development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As a result, the protein cannot bind to DNA and regulate gene function, which leads to poorly controlled cell proliferation and migration during development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although these pathways have not been investigated in the human embryo, these findings in mice provide new insights into how the embryo protects itself from oxidative stress and the associated risk factors for embryonic death and abnormal development," says senior author Professor Peter Wells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Vitamin A is also important for embryonic development and the regulation of adult genes. (medscape.com)
  • The FGFR2 protein is involved in embryonic development, cell division and growth, and cell maturation. (brighthub.com)
  • The MESP2 protein controls the activity of genes in the Notch pathway, an important pathway in embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Specifically, the MESP2 protein and the Notch pathway are involved in separating future vertebrae from one another during early development, in a complex process called somite segmentation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pax6 is a transcription factor present during embryonic development. (biolegend.com)
  • Within the brain, the protein is involved in the development of specialized cells that process smell. (biolegend.com)
  • This work together with our previous work about the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on embryonic development, reveals a genotype-specific effects of environmental factors. (helsinki.fi)
  • Knowing how regulatory gene proteins work during this early stage can help the field better understand how to control the process of cell development for both clinical research and therapeutic purposes. (newswise.com)
  • Next, the teams translated those findings into a mouse model, deleting the same sequences in mice to see how those changes would affect embryonic development. (newswise.com)
  • Removing those key amino acid signatures significantly impaired embryonic development, caused deformities in organs-including the brain and the heart-and resulted in death in the mice. (newswise.com)
  • We know that FoxA2 doesn't act alone in turning on the endoderm program to make organs, and we're currently working to better understand how the different factors play in role in that development. (newswise.com)
  • GDF proteins are important during embryonic development, particularly in the skeletal, nervous, and muscular systems. (rndsystems.com)
  • Growth factors guide the development of embryonic stem cells but often require proteoglycans - surface-bound sugar - to interact with the cell. (lbl.gov)
  • Working at the Molecular Foundry, researchers synthesized glycopolymers to mimic the function of proteoglycans and facilitate the function of fibroblast growth factor 2, one of the growth factors involved in neural development. (lbl.gov)
  • This study characterized the interactome of the Sfmbt factor at the embryonic stage of development. (sdbonline.org)
  • The ligand angiopoietin-1 binds to this receptor and mediates a signaling pathway that functions in embryonic vascular development. (thermofisher.com)
  • Defective development of the embryonic radial ray (eg, aplasia, hypoplasia, fusion, other anomalous development) results in a wide spectrum of phenotypes, including triphalangeal or absent thumbs, foreshortened arms, and phocomelia. (medscape.com)
  • The T-box gene family is a group of related genes that play a critical role in human embryonic development. (medscape.com)
  • Since mTEAD-2 is the only one expressed during the first 7 days of mouse development, it is most likely responsible for the TEAD transcription factor activity that first appears at the beginning of ZGE. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • 18), tubal factors (n = 9, n = 7) and poly- receptor for hyaluronic acid that can be cystic ovary syndrome (n = 4, n = 5) respec- detected throughout their development up tively. (who.int)
Reactive oxygen2
  • The gene, also found in humans, produces an important protein called ATM which senses DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species and directs other proteins to repair it. (sciencedaily.com)
  • If all the bad lemons lined up - if you had a lot of risk factors, such as no ATM gene combined with exposure to certain drugs and lack of other pathways that protect against reactive oxygen species - you'd be in big trouble, according to our theory in mice. (sciencedaily.com)
Recombinant3
  • Recombinant human TEF protein, fused to His-tag at N-terminus, was expressed in E.coli and purified by using conventional chromatography techniques. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Recombinant fragment of human SOX2 protein. (thermofisher.com)
  • Soybean is one of the practical options for producing recombinant proteins essential for human blood coagulation because its "high protein content, known regulatory sequences, efficient gene transfer protocols, and scalable production system under greenhouse conditions. (isaaa.org)
ESCs3
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), on the other hand, have not committed to a particular cell fate and retain the ability to become one of the 200-odd types of specialized cell. (ca.gov)
  • Additionally, we identified two further levels of genome organization in ESCs characterized by colocalization of regions with high pluripotency factor occupancy and strong enrichment for Polycomb proteins/H3K27me3, respectively. (ca.gov)
  • These progenitors which are derived from either embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or healthy induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) express wild-type levels of a-syn, thus making them equally susceptible to developing Lewy bodies over time. (lu.se)
Binds6
  • The ALX3 protein is a transcription factor, which means that it attaches (binds) to DNA and controls the activity of certain genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Retinol-binding protein (RBP) binds vitamin A and regulates its absorption and metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • The MESP2 gene provides instructions for making a transcription factor, which is a protein that attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and helps control the activity of particular genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Once the transcription factor binds to an enhancer region, this can cause stimulation or repression of gene transcription. (biolegend.com)
  • Newswise - PHILADELPHIA - Early on in each cell, a critical protein known as FoxA2 simultaneously binds to both the chromosomal proteins and the DNA, opening the flood gates for gene activation, according to a new study led by researchers in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania . (newswise.com)
  • WW domain-mediated interactions reveal a spliceosome-associated protein that binds a third class of proline-rich motif: the proline glycine and methionine-rich motif. (embl.de)
Mutations9
  • ALX3 gene mutations that cause this condition severely reduce or eliminate the function of the ALX3 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • More specifically, it is caused by mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene ( FGFR2 ), located on chromosome 10. (brighthub.com)
  • These are simple mutations in which one of the amino acids of the proteins is changed. (brighthub.com)
  • These single point mutations cause the FGFRG2 protein to lose its proper functioning and consequently the symptoms of Apert disease. (brighthub.com)
  • All of the known mutations replace one protein building block (amino acid) in the protein sequence. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the MESP2 gene prevent the production of any protein or lead to the production of an abnormally short, nonfunctional protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In this study, we evaluated the expression of SALL4 and related factors using single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) and NanoString technology in MDS patients alongside with target sequence for MDS-related mutations. (confex.com)
  • Mutations of this gene introduce a premature stop codon and result in truncated protein versions. (medscape.com)
  • Although there are likely acquired cases, most cases result from inherited mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, or mitochondrial proteins. (msdmanuals.com)
Amino acids1
  • They found that a small region of the FoxA 2 protein-just 10 amino acids of more than 460-were necessary for the protein to make an opening in the chromatin fiber. (newswise.com)
Predominantly expressed2
  • Klotho is an aging-suppression protein predominantly expressed in kidney, parathyroid glands, and choroids plexus of the brain. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The WT1 protein is a transcription factor predominantly expressed in the embryonic kidneys and gonads. (medscape.com)
Phosphorylation4
  • To shed light on the mechanism of lung hypoplasia, we quantified the phosphorylation of 226 proteins in the mutant E12.5 lung compared with control. (nih.gov)
  • Fluorescent antibodies specific for cell surface markers can be combined with markers of apoptosis, proliferation and protein phosphorylation to determine which cell subsets respond to various stimuli or treatments. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Phosphorylation of some proteins, such as Stat5, results in dimer formation that masks the phosphorylated epitope of interest. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Reduced SMO-dependent expression of Gli1 was demonstrated in both Tsc1 −/− and Tsc2 −/− cells, and we found that Tsc1 is required for TGF-β induced phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and subsequent expression of the HH signaling effector and transcription factor GLI2. (springer.com)
Gene expression3
  • It functions as an activator of gene expression by retinoid alpha-receptor transcription factor and ligand-dependent transcription factor. (medscape.com)
  • Through the combined work of these three laureates it was thus demonstrated that the response by gene expression to changes in oxygen is directly coupled to oxygen levels in the animal cell, allowing immediate cellular responses to occur to oxygenation through the action of the HIF transcription factor. (nobelprize.org)
  • In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)
Apoptosis4
  • Apoptosis regulatory proteins are delicately balanced. (bmj.com)
  • The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
  • During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)
  • Importantly, the mitochondrial association of n-cofilin and ADF had no impact on apoptosis signaling because ablation of either n-cofilin, ADF, or both proteins together did not change cell death progression. (nature.com)
Genes and proteins1
  • This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
Pluripotency4
  • Long-Range Chromatin Contacts in Embryonic Stem Cells Reveal a Role for Pluripotency Factors and Polycomb Proteins in Genome Organization. (ca.gov)
  • Together, our data highlight a pluripotency-specific genome organization in which pluripotency factors such as Nanog and H3K27me3 occupy distinct nuclear spaces and reveal a role for cell-type-specific gene-regulatory networks in genome organization. (ca.gov)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA binding homeobox transcription factor involved in embryonic stem (ES) cell proliferation, renewal, and pluripotency. (nih.gov)
  • So-called partial reprogramming consists of applying Yamanaka factors to cells for long enough to roll back cellular aging and repair tissues but without returning to pluripotency in which a cell can specialize into other cell types. (scientificamerican.com)
Mitochondrial2
  • Outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release are typically achieved by pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, such as Bax and Bak. (nature.com)
  • The release of cytochrome c can be modulated by various factors, such as changes in the cellular redox balance and lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, and perturbations in the cytoskeleton. (nature.com)
Expression7
  • An essential function of SOX2 is to stabilize embryonic stem cells in a pluripotent state by maintaining the requisite level of Oct 3/4 expression. (thermofisher.com)
  • Exons 1-6 of the WT1 gene encode the regulatory domain, which regulates expression of target genes, and exons 7-10 encode the 4 zinc fingers of the DNA-binding region of the WT1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. (hindawi.com)
  • Nicolau Cunha of the University of Brasilia, together with other scientists, reports the expression and stable accumulation of human coagulation factor IX (hFIX) in genetically engineered soybean seeds, published in the December 2010 issue of the Transgenic Research journal. (isaaa.org)
  • Semi-quantitative evaluation of our immunohistochemical staining revealed that protein expression of Oct4, Nanog, Myc, and Sox2, but not Klf4, was significantly increased in benign, borderline, and malignant vascular tumors relative to non-diseased vascular tissue controls. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, expression of IGF-II and HIF-2α correlates in neuroblastoma cell lines, tumors and in sympathetic neuroblasts during embryonic week 6.5, but not later, suggesting that these IGF-II and HIF-2α expressing neuroblastomas originate from sympathetic pre-ganglia at developmental week 6.5 or earlier. (lu.se)
  • We establish that IGF-II-induced HIF2A/EPAS1 expression during hypoxia is due to de novo transcription and further present the estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) transcription factor as a positive regulator of HIF2A. (lu.se)
Homeobox1
  • The ALX3 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is a member of the homeobox protein family. (medlineplus.gov)
Human6
  • Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are able to divide indefinitely and under the proper conditions, can essentially become any cell in the human body. (ca.gov)
  • Even though Life Biosciences and several other startups are investigating Yamanaka factors with a view to reversing human aging, the biology of rejuvenation by reprogramming remains enigmatic and opaque, at best. (scientificamerican.com)
  • The responsible gene has been mapped to band 12q24.1, which encodes the human transcription factor TBX5. (medscape.com)
  • A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
  • From the early beginnings of in vitro fertili- motility and improves retention of sperm zation (IVF) it has been recognized that the motility in long-term incubation of both culture media supplemented with proteins fresh and cryopreserved, thawed human have a direct role in osmoregulation. (who.int)
Polycomb3
  • Underlining the independence of these networks and their functional relevance for genome organization, loss of the Polycomb protein Eed diminishes interactions between Polycomb-regulated regions without altering overarching chromosome conformation. (ca.gov)
  • The Polycomb group (PcG) protein family is a well-known group of epigenetic modifiers. (knaw.nl)
  • Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are chromatin-associated factors involved in the repression of gene transcription. (sdbonline.org)
Regulate1
  • Similarly, primary cilia have been implicated in regulation of mTOR signaling, in which Tuberous Sclerosis Complex proteins 1 and 2 (TSC1/2) negatively regulate protein synthesis by inactivating the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) at energy limiting states. (springer.com)
Regulatory proteins2
  • That opening allows other specialized, regulatory proteins to access the DNA and activate a network of silent genes that leads to the formation of internal organs. (newswise.com)
  • Using the novel CRISPR/Cas9-based enChIP technology in combination with SILAC-MS, we have isolated and identified potential regulatory proteins bound to the HIF2A promoter at normoxia and hypoxia. (lu.se)
Regulation2
  • Additionally, we find that the ESC genome is organized in such a way as to juxtapose regions of DNA that show similar regulation by demonstrating that spatially associated regions in the genome are associated with the same gene regulatory factors. (ca.gov)
  • The regulation region of two growth genes, insulin-like growth factor 2 and H19 was examined. (helsinki.fi)
Signal transduction2
Cell15
  • The function of this protein in normal cell physiology remains largely unknown. (cnrs.fr)
  • Our results establish a crucial role for E4F during early embryonic cell cycles and reveal an unexpected function for E4F in mitosis. (cnrs.fr)
  • Considerable time and effort has been spent in developing targeted therapies to fight SLE, yet only one therapy, belimumab (Benlysta), a monoclonal antibody targeting B cell-activating factor, or BAFF, has been approved for the treatment of SLE in the last half-century 16 . (nature.com)
  • Rb , or retinoblastoma protein, is a key regulator of the cell cycle, particularly during the transition from the G1 to S phases. (biolegend.com)
  • We now understand that this pioneer factor, FoxA2, grabs the chromosomal proteins, known as histones, and exposes the DNA region," said the study's corresponding author Kenneth S. Zaret, PhD, the Joseph Leidy Professor in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Director of Penn's Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IRM). (newswise.com)
  • Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are key regulators of cell proliferation, tumor-induced angiogenesis, and migration. (rcsb.org)
  • While western blotting and other methods are useful for the examination of single proteins expressed by entire cell populations, flow cytometry allows the detection of multiple proteins simultaneously at the level of individual cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • For studies on cytokine production, cells are first treated with a protein transport inhibitor to allow accumulation of the target protein inside the cell. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In the presence of nutrients, mTORC1 is activated and promotes cell growth, including protein synthesis and energy storage. (springer.com)
  • The experiments also show that proteins that interact with retinoic acid help to reduce noise within a cell. (elifesciences.org)
  • DNA is the molecule that encodes the genetic instructions enabling a cell to produce the thousands of proteins it typically needs. (evolutionnews.org)
  • But in many organisms, there is much more DNA in a cell than is needed to code for all the necessary proteins . (evolutionnews.org)
  • Petersén Å, Hansson O, Emgård M and Brundin P.Cell Transplantation 9: 577-584 (2000)AbstractTransplantation of embryonic ventral mesencephalon is a potential therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease. (lu.se)
  • Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, which is an accumulation of primordial cells (4-5 days after fertilization). (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)
Pathway3
  • Although the exact mechanism of somite segmentation is unclear, it appears to require the activity of several proteins in the Notch pathway, including the NOTCH1 protein and the MESP2 protein, to be turned on and off (oscillate) in a specific pattern. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The MESP2 protein regulates Notch activity by turning on (activating) genes in the Notch pathway, which ultimately block (repress) the activity of the NOTCH1 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Furthermore, TSC1 was demonstrated to be required for the proper activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-SMAD2/3 pathway in HeLa cells [ 11 ]. (springer.com)
Placental1
  • In vitro fertilization affects the regulatory region of genes essential for placental and embryonic growth, as well as the birth weight. (helsinki.fi)
Mediates1
  • However, the cellular signaling process upon which hang acts remains unclear, and how the broadly expressed hang protein mediates specific behavioral changes in response to global increases of cellular stressors such as ethanol remains an open question (Ruppert, 2017). (sdbonline.org)
Epidermal1
  • The encoded protein possesses a unique extracellular region that contains two immunoglobulin-like domains, three epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains and three fibronectin type III repeats. (thermofisher.com)
Adult3
  • The hang gene encodes a large, approximately 210-kDa nuclear zinc finger protein that is expressed in most, if not all, neurons in the adult brain (Scholz, 2005). (sdbonline.org)
  • Many studies have shown the utility of embryonic or adult stem cells for forming teeth and for regeneration of bone and soft tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • There are basically two types of stem cells: embryonic and somatic (or adult). (bvsalud.org)
Vascular1
  • Antigenicity for each protein was quantified based on staining intensity and percentage of tissue positive for each antigen, and subsequently compared to data obtained from two control tissue sets: 10 vascular tissues and a panel of 58 various malignant sarcomas. (medscape.com)
Kinase3
  • The biological effects of FGF1 are mediated through the activation of the four transmembrane phosphotyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptors in the presence of heparin sulfate proteoglycans and, therefore, require the release of the protein into the extracellular space. (rcsb.org)
  • Active mTORC1 phosphorylates the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) and 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) to promote protein synthesis [ 3 , 4 ]. (springer.com)
  • This gene encodes a receptor that belongs to the protein tyrosine kinase Tie2 family. (thermofisher.com)
Cardiac1
  • Overview of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathies Although any dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (see Overview of Cardiomyopathies) can produce cardiac and systemic factors that predispose to a number of different arrhythmias, including. (msdmanuals.com)
Nuclear4
  • Thyrotroph embryonic factor isoform 1, also known as TEF, is a 303 amino acid nuclear transcription factor that belongs to the bZIP (basic region/leucine zipper) family and PAR (proline and acidic amino acid-rich) subfamily. (creativebiomart.net)
  • For this, the Sfmbt protein complex was affinity purified from the nuclear extract, followed by highly specific peptide sequencing (IP/LC-MS). As a result, a number of previously uncharacterized Sfmbt interactions were discovered. (sdbonline.org)
  • Evidence is provided that Hangover acts as a nuclear RNA binding protein and the phosphodiesterase 4d ortholog dunce as a target RNA. (sdbonline.org)
  • We show that FBP21 is present in highly purified spliceosomal complex A, is associated with U2 snRNPs, and colocalizes with splicing factors in nuclear speckle domains. (embl.de)
Vitro3
  • In this latest study, the team of researchers, co-led by Makiko Iwafuchi, PhD , who performed the work while at Penn and is now at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, first used in vitro genetic techniques to investigate the interaction of FoxA with chromosomal proteins at the same time it interacts with DNA. (newswise.com)
  • This very small deletion in the protein had a profound effect that mirrored what we had seen in vitro , which surprised us," Zaret said. (newswise.com)
  • The 72-amino acid TEA DNA binding domains in mTEAD-2, 3, and 4 are approximately 99% homologous to the same domain in mTEAD-1, and all four proteins bind specifically to the same DNA sequences in vitro with a Kd value of 16-38 nM DNA. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Tissue1
  • Petersén Å, Emgård M and Brundin P.Brain Research Bulletin 50: 275-281 (1999)AbstractThe survival of grafted embryonic striatal tissue, dissected from the lateral ganglionic eminence, depends on the status of the host striatum. (lu.se)
SOX22
  • Further, SOX2 protein may act as a transcriptional activator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. (thermofisher.com)
  • Life Biosciences, a startup co-founded by David Sinclair, is exploring the regenerative capacity of three Yamanaka factors (Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4). (scientificamerican.com)
Interaction1
  • The STRING database was utilized to build a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the Cytohubba method was used to identify the top 10 highly related HUB genes. (bvsalud.org)
Murine1
  • Using a proline-rich domain derived from formin (a product of the murine limb deformity locus), we have identified a family of murine formin binding proteins (FBP's), each of which contains one or more of a special class of tyrosine-rich WW domains. (embl.de)
Retinoic1
  • A cardiomelic developmental field has also been postulated to relate the genetic heterogeneity of HOS (and other similar syndromes) to a cascade of molecules, including the brachyury, sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, retinoic acid receptor, and transforming growth factor beta families. (medscape.com)
Chromatin2
  • Zaret's lab continues to investigate FoxA and other pioneer factors to learn how they may open up the chromatin and interact with chromosomal proteins, similar to FoxA or perhaps in other ways. (newswise.com)
  • In particular, Sfmbt top-interacting proteins include the DNA-binding protein Hangover and components of the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodelers (Erokhin, 2021). (sdbonline.org)
Extracellular1
  • The extracellular domain of Klotho, a type-1 membrane protein, is secreted into urine and blood and may function as an endocrine or paracrine hormone. (aspetjournals.org)
Cells4
  • The discovery, published in Nature Genetics , helps untangle mysteries of how embryonic stem cells develop into organs. (newswise.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells are able to differentiate into a variety of different tissues. (lbl.gov)
  • The Yamanaka factors that can reprogram cells into their embryonic-like state are at the heart of longevity research. (scientificamerican.com)
  • We still do not know what specific factors contribute to the success in transplantation i.e. what cells are responsible for motor recovery? (lu.se)