Electrosynthesis electrochemical reaction. Medical search. Frequent questions

Compared to ordinary redox reactions, electrosynthesis sometimes offers improved selectivity and yields. (wikipedia.org)
Notably, we designed and developed a novel PEM reactor, which allows for reaction temperature control, to reveal the effects of the reaction parameters, including the temperature, on the reaction efficiency and selectivity. (frontiersin.org)
Although precious metal-based mixed metal oxides (MMOs) have been used as CER catalysts for more than half a century, they intrinsically suffer from a selectivity problem between the CER and parasitic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). (jecst.org)
The team's paper, " Electrochemical Reactor Dictates Site Selectivity in N-Heteroarene Carboxylations ," published Jan 5 in Nature. (ccu-news.info)
The performance was further enhanced when lowering the electrolyte pH by adding HCl (r=4.42μmolm−2s−1 and FE=25.6% at pH=5), although the system showed deactivation in the long run (5h) which appears largely to be due to a change in product selectivity of the reaction (i.e. formation of ethylene). (edu.sa)
Although the pristine material exhibited moderate methane selectivity over hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the catalytic performance is significantly enhanced (2x enhancement, 55 % CH4 at -1.25 V vs RHE) by mild thermal activation. (nist.gov)
Currently, however, two major challenges prevent the deployment of electrosynthesis reactors at scale: their low selectivity and their low production rates. (utexas.edu)
Although this model reaction is the largest and most successful organic electrosynthesis implemented in industry, it faces many challenges owing to its limited energy conversion and selectivity. (utexas.edu)
Our results provide insights into mass transport limitations that affect the selectivity of organic electrosynthesis processes and on how to control electrode processes to mitigate them. (utexas.edu)

In electrochemistry, electrosynthesis is the synthesis of chemical compounds in an electrochemical cell. (wikipedia.org)
We hope to direct the attention of readers to the latest breakthroughs of traditional oxygen functionalization reactions and to the potential of electrochemistry for the transformation of organic substrates to useful end products. (rsc.org)
Over the last several decades, electrochemistry has proved itself to be a useful tool for conducting redox reactions. (thieme-connect.de)
The Cornell team, led by Song Lin , professor of chemistry and chemical biology in the College of Arts and Sciences, has previously used the process of electrochemistry to stitch together simple carbon molecules and form complex compounds, eliminating the need for precious metals or other catalysts to promote the chemical reaction. (ccu-news.info)
According to the IUPAC , the term electrochemical engineering is reserved for electricity -intensive processes for industrial or energy storage applications and should not be confused with applied electrochemistry , which comprises small batteries, amperometric sensors, microfluidic devices, microelectrodes , solid-state devices, voltammetry at disc electrodes, etc. (cloudfront.net)
He joined the Southampton Electrochemistry Group and carried out experimental and theoretical investigations into the application of ultramicroelectrodes in mechanistic and kinetic studies of coupled chemical reactions. (southampton.ac.uk)
Biocathodes are a stable biofilm cultivation platform to interrogate both the rate and mechanism of EET using electrochemistry and study the electroautotrophic organisms that catalyze these reactions. (uibk.ac.at)

The basic setup in electrosynthesis is a galvanic cell, a potentiostat and two electrodes. (wikipedia.org)
The potential drop between the electrodes determines the rate constant of the reaction. (wikipedia.org)
The developments at ESy-Labs are based on extensive knowledge of electrodes, electrolytes, as well as cell design, reaction mechanisms and kinetics. (achema.de)
The main advantages include a short distance between electrodes (no need of supporting electrolyte), excellent yields due to the high-surface-to-volume ratio of the electrodes (high conversion efficiency) and short reaction time. (msesupplies.com)
Most electrochemical operations are performed in filter-press reactors with parallel plate electrodes or, less often, in stirred tanks with rotating cylinder electrodes. (cloudfront.net)
[4] During the 60s and 70s Charles W. Tobias, who is regarded as the 'father of electrochemical engineering' by the Electrochemical Society , was concerned with ionic transport by diffusion, migration, and convection, exact solutions of potential and current distribution problems, conductance in heterogeneous media, quantitative description of processes in porous electrodes. (cloudfront.net)
Graphical abstract: In this study, we examine the electrochemical-driven reduction of CO2 to methanol at Cu2O/ZnO gas diffusion electrodes in soluble pyridine-based electrolytes at different concentrations. (edu.sa)
Our results substantiate the claim that "Ca. Tenderia electrophaga" is the key MCL electroautotroph, which will help guide further development of this community for microbial electrosynthesis.IMPORTANCEBacteria that directly use electrodes as metabolic electron donors (biocathodes) have been proposed for applications ranging from microbial electrosynthesis to advanced bioelectronics for cellular communication with machines. (uibk.ac.at)

With the support of this modern technology, it is possible to minimize the difficulties connected to older electrochemical processes (such as mass-transfer limitation, the need of a supporting electrolyte,and the difficult scale-up). (europa.eu)
My strong background in organic chemistry together with Prof. Timothy Noël's expertise in flow processes and reaction miniaturization will guarantee the success of ELECTROSULF, whose achievement will have a great impact on the pharmaceutical sector, paving the path to a new approach for peptide modification. (europa.eu)
The company develops methods that combine these processes with catalytic and biotechnological steps to form reaction cascades. (achema.de)
A team of researchers from New York University's Tandon School of Engineering is developing a chemical manufacturing processes that use sustainable, solar-powered reactions, rather than energy-intensive, fossil fuel-dependent processes. (springwise.com)
This is because the process also relies on increasing the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte solutions used, improving the solubility of organic molecules in the solutions, and preventing unwanted reactions during the processes. (springwise.com)
Electrochemical engineering combines the study of heterogeneous charge transfer at electrode / electrolyte interphases with the development of practical materials and processes. (cloudfront.net)
Also in the 60s, John Newman pioneered the study of many of the physicochemical laws that govern electrochemical systems, demonstrating how complex electrochemical processes could be analysed mathematically to correctly formulate and solve problems associated with batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzer, and related technologies. (cloudfront.net)
1. Importance of electrochemical processes in society. (ipt.pt)
5. Technologically important electrochemical processes. (ipt.pt)
Electrosynthesis constitutes a mild and selective method allowing to meet the challenges of organic synthesis, both in reducing and oxidizing processes, where conventional chemical pathways have not necessarily provided solutions. (cnrs.fr)
α-Aminophosphonates could be prepared in an undivided electrochemical cell combining simultaneously cathodic and anodic processes. (cnrs.fr)
Electroscopic and nanoscopic studies of electrochemical processes. (uab.cat)
Her principal interests and expertise are in the science and engineering of electrochemical energy conversion, CO2 reduction and separation processes for industrial effluent treatment and material recycling. (imperial.ac.uk)
These materials possess unique properties that enable them to efficiently catalyze and facilitate electron transfer during electrochemical processes. (mdpi.com)

Chemists typically run an electrochemical reaction in one of two ways: in an undivided electrochemical cell (in which the anode and cathode that supply the electric current are in the same solution) or in a divided electrochemical cell (whereby the anode and cathode are separated by a porous divider that blocks large organic molecules but allows ions to pass through). (ccu-news.info)

The electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is an important electrochemical reaction and has been widely used in chlor-alkali electrolysis, on-site generation of ClO − , and Cl 2 -mediated electrosynthesis. (jecst.org)

Electrochemical redox reactions are readily scaled and can be more sustainable than competing strategies based on conventional redox reagents. (thieme-connect.de)
When a few drops of glycerol (mild reducing agent) are added to powdered potassium permanganate (strong oxidizing agent), a violent redox reaction accompanied by self-ignition starts. (wikipedia.org)
This type of redox reaction is often discussed in terms of redox couples and electrode potentials. (wikipedia.org)
The pair of an oxidizing and reducing agent that is involved in a particular reaction is called a redox pair . (wikipedia.org)
They achieve organic synthesis by simply using electrons from an electric power source to conduct redox reactions. (phys.org)
This BPE setup, accompanied by the generated streaming potential of 2-3 volts was responsible for creating conditions conducive for the redox reactions of organic monomers. (phys.org)
These minerals are a result of aqueous reactions under various redox and pH conditions. (encyclopedia.pub)
The recently developed photocatalytic CCHE (cross-coupling hydrogen-evolution) reactions are a conceptually new type of reactions enabled by combination of photo-redox catalysis and proton reduction catalysis, wherein the photocatalyst uses light energy as the driving force for the cross-coupling and the hydrogen evolution catalyst may capture electrons and protons from the substrates or reaction intermediates to produce molecular hydrogen (H 2 ). (sioc-journal.cn)

Because the reactions in PEM reactors are performed under electro-organic and flow-synthetic conditions, a higher number of reaction parameters exist compared to ordinary reactions. (frontiersin.org)
Prof. Inagi explains, "We have seen a huge leap in the development of electrochemical reactors for carrying out organic synthesis, but most of them require a power source. (phys.org)
The insights from this study can also prove valuable when designing new electrochemical reactors for the synthesis of useful organic compounds and polymers. (phys.org)
The development of the technology involves the study of the electrochemical reactors, their potential and current distribution, mass transport conditions, hydrodynamics , geometry and components as well as the quantification of its overall performance in terms of reaction yield , conversion efficiency, and energy efficiency. (cloudfront.net)
Electrochemical engineering considers current distribution, fluid flow , mass transfer, and the kinetics of the electro reactions to design efficient electrochemical reactors. (cloudfront.net)
This presentation will discuss reaction engineering opportunities to enhance the performance of organic electrosynthesis reactors. (utexas.edu)
He is also co-founder of Sunthetics Inc., a startup developing electrochemical reactors for sustainable chemical manufacturing. (utexas.edu)

Plausible reaction paths of the anodic oxidation of 1i in Et 4 NF·4HF/CH 2 Cl 2 . (beilstein-journals.org)
Reaction mechanism for the anodic oxidation of carboxylic acids 1m and 1n in the presence of a fluo. (beilstein-journals.org)
Furthermore, simultaneously cross-de-hydrogenative coupling reactions through H 2 evolution were achieved due to anodic oxidation and cathodic proton reduction, obviating the need for stoichiometric electron or proton acceptors. (ccspublishing.org.cn)

Electrochemical engineering is the branch of chemical engineering dealing with the technological applications of electrochemical phenomena, such as electrosynthesis of chemicals, electrowinning and refining of metals, flow batteries and fuel cells , surface modification by electrodeposition, electrochemical separations and corrosion . (cloudfront.net)
The portable electrochemical analyzer are mainly used for battery testing, electro analytical chemistry, and corrosion electrochemical testing. (msesupplies.com)

The initial reaction takes place at the surface of the electrode and then the intermediates diffuse into the solution where they participate in secondary reactions. (wikipedia.org)

A well-known electrosynthesis is the Kolbe electrolysis, in which two carboxylic acids decarboxylate, and the remaining structures bond together: A variation is called the non-Kolbe reaction when a heteroatom (nitrogen or oxygen) is present at the α-position. (wikipedia.org)
Electrosynthesis has been around for a very long time, be it Kolbe electrolysis as the oldest known electrosynthesis or the purification of metals such as copper. (achema.de)

This course applies concepts from chemical kinetics and mass and energy balances to address chemical reaction engineering problems, with a focus on industrial applications. (epfl.ch)
This course builds upon the underlying theory in thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, and transport and applies these methods to electrosynthesis, fuel cell, and battery applications. (epfl.ch)

The progress of electrochemical methods toward oxygen functionalization is presented by an in-depth discussion of different types of electrically driven-chemical organic synthesis, with particular attention to recently developed electrochemical systems and catalyst designs. (rsc.org)
The research team will use cutting-edge techniques to reveal their complex surface and bulk structures, which influence catalyst performance and reaction rates. (bioengineer.org)

His research focuses on the fundamental understanding of electrochemical reactions and organic electrosynthesis including various oxygen-atom functionalization catalysis, asymmetric synthesis, biochemical reactions. (rsc.org)

Apart from being environmentally-friendly, these reactions can also be made more or less selective by fine-tuning the electric potentials. (phys.org)

Electrosynthesis, particularly for oxidation-reduction reactions involving electron transfer between species, has gained renewed attention as a greener synthesis method within the energy-intensive chemical industry. (europa.eu)

MSE Supplies offers portable electrochemical workstation (potentiostat / galvanostat) in two variants, one with EIS and one without EIS. (msesupplies.com)

Novel concepts for electrolytes, strategies for reaction screening, and electrode materials pave the way to a disruptive synthetic methodology which might be a game changer for future chemistry. (beilstein-journals.org)
Her research interests include the advanced materials processing of ideal electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage system applications such as supercapacitor, water splitting process, direct methanol fuel cells, and hydrogen generation. (rsc.org)
New electrode materials and electrolytes, as well as a much improved understanding of electrochemical principles, are making electrosynthesis more relevant than ever. (achema.de)

At the same time, in Li + -containing electrolytes, oxygen groups enhance both the rate of electrochemical Li 2 O 2 formation and carbon electrode degradation due to faster oxidation by lithium superoxide (LiO 2 ) intermediate yielding carbonate species as a product. (lightsources.org)
Unfortunately, supporting electrolytes are mandatory for the vast majority of these reactions, which result in production of waste and lead to environmental problems. (ccspublishing.org.cn)

The electrochemical reduction of oxygen plays a significant role in many critical applications such as gas sensors, hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis, and electrochemical energy storage. (lightsources.org)

This review presents the recent progress of oxygen functionalization reactions based on non-electrochemical (conventional organic synthesis) and electrochemical methods. (rsc.org)
However, because electrochemical methods can replace harmful terminal oxidizers with external voltage, organic electrosynthesis has emerged as greener and more eco-friendly compared to conventional organic synthesis. (rsc.org)
This is where ESy-Labs' offering comes in: The company develops alternative reaction routes on behalf of its customers using intelligent screening methods. (achema.de)
There, research focuses on the methods and reaction pathways in organic electrosynthesis, but also on electrolyzers with small electrode spacings, which are intended to enable further increase in the energy efficiency of the cells. (biooekonomie-bw.de)
Electrocatalytic materials are designed to enhance the reaction rates of specific electrochemical reactions, such as oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, etc., which can control reaction pathways, produce high-value chemicals, and minimize the energy and environmental footprint of traditional chemical synthesis methods. (mdpi.com)

The analytical study by cyclic voltammetry allowed to highlight a key reaction intermediate and to propose a nickel-catalyzed reaction mechanism. (cnrs.fr)

This project is among the first supported by the NSF-DFG Lead Agency Activity in Electrosynthesis and Electrocatalysis (NSF-DFG EChem), an international effort to support collaborative work between U.S. researchers and their German counterparts on engineering science projects for novel and fundamental electrochemical reactions and studies. (bioengineer.org)

Although there is a general recognition of the beneficial effect of oxidative treatments on Cu-based catalysts in the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR), the mechanisms through which the enhancement is realized remain a topic of considerable discussion. (nature.com)
This has been shown in our recent work in the CO-reduction reaction on Cu 26 . (nature.com)
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) drives the operation of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. (lightsources.org)

This new pressure-driven, environmentally-friendly, power supply -independent reactor opens up new avenues for electrifying synthesis reactions. (phys.org)

In this review, recent dramatic developments of photocatalytic and electrochemical CCHE reactions are discussed via the most prominent mechanistic pathways, the types of C-C bond, C-X (heteroatom) bond, or X-X bond formations and specific reaction classes. (sioc-journal.cn)

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology 2023;14(2):105-119. (jecst.org)
External electrolyte-free electrochemical one-pot cascade synthesis of 4-thiocyanato-1 H -pyrazoles[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters , 2023, 34(2): 107640. (ccspublishing.org.cn)

This kind of cross-coupling delivers a greener synthetic strategy and is particularly useful for reactions that involve species sensitive to traditional oxidants. (sioc-journal.cn)

Owing to its applicability in sustainable engineering, flow electrochemical synthesis in a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) reactor has attracted considerable attention. (frontiersin.org)
Harnessing renewable electricity to drive the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 is being intensely studied for sustainable fuel production and as a means for energy storage. (nature.com)
Since organic synthesis is at the heart of many chemical industries, we tried to develop an electrosynthesis process that requires minimum resources and contributes towards the sustainable development goals ," concludes Prof. Inagi. (phys.org)

ELECTROSULF aims at developing a novel sulfonylation of lysine by electrochemical means with the use of a flow microreactor. (europa.eu)

Thus, the optimization of such reactions requires significant amounts of energy, time, chemical and human resources. (frontiersin.org)
An important characteristic of electrochemical reactions is the reduction of energy losses. (frontiersin.org)
Because these reactions can generally be performed under mild conditions, such as room temperature and ambient pressure, energy losses such as carbon dioxide emissions can be minimized. (frontiersin.org)
When they passed an electrolyte through the microtube, it generated a streaming potential that could provide enough energy for driving the desired chemical reactions. (phys.org)
The process relies on organic electrosynthesis, a method of production which uses renewable energy to power chemical reactions. (springwise.com)
Replacing carbon-intensive energy with renewable sources for organic electrosynthesis is not as simple as swapping out machinery. (springwise.com)
The global chemical industry currently uses around one-quarter of the world's energy, and this is mostly in the form of the fossil fuel-generated heat needed to drive thermochemical reactions. (springwise.com)
This urgent transition must integrate renewable energy sources with chemical manufacturing, ultimately resulting in the electrification of this industry via large-scale implementation of electrochemical manufacturing. (utexas.edu)
He is the director of the Multifunctionals Materials Systems Laboratory at NYU which focusses on the development of advanced electrochemical technologies for the incorporation of renewable energy into chemical manufacturing. (utexas.edu)
Electrocatalytic and electrosynthetic materials play a crucial role in accelerating and controlling electrochemical reactions, which are essential for various applications in energy conversion, environmental remediation, and chemical synthesis. (mdpi.com)
However, the band gap of TiO 2 ~3.2 eV is so wide that it greatly limits the use of sunlight as an energy source for the photo-reaction, as only about 3%-4% of solar light falls in the UV range ( 12 ), ( 13 ). (degruyter.com)

General reaction mechanism for the anodic fluorination of 1 . (beilstein-journals.org)
The reaction mechanism will be also properly studied. (europa.eu)
Reaction outcome is discussed on the basis of the role that N-ligands play on the mechanism and the inductive effect caused by the electron-releasing or electron-withdrawing substituents of the aromatic ring. (edu.sa)

The team's research is based on organic electrosynthesis, where organic compounds are converted into the desired chemical products by means of an electric current. (biooekonomie-bw.de)

Electrosynthesis is actively studied as a science and also has industrial applications. (wikipedia.org)
Typical applications include: electrosynthesis, electro-oxidation and electrofluorination. (msesupplies.com)

3. Electrochemical characterization techniques. (ipt.pt)

Electrocatalytic materials often involve catalysts, such as transition metal oxides, alloys, or nanoparticles, which provide active sites for the reaction to occur. (mdpi.com)

The interest in this process, especially in the presence of metal ions in the electrolyte, is relevant for various aprotic metal-oxygen batteries (lithium, sodium, magnesium, etc.) which are now considered as the most promising electrochemical power sources due to their outstanding theoretical performance. (lightsources.org)
A critical advance was provided by the work of Carl Wagner and Veniamin Levich in 1962, who linked the hydrodynamics of a flowing electrolyte towards a rotating disc electrode with the mass transport control of the electrochemical reaction through a rigorous mathematical treatment. (cloudfront.net)
A practical synthetic method for 4-thiocyanato-1 H -pyrazoles through the electrochemical cascade reaction of hydrazines, 1, 3-diones and NH 4 SCN under metal-, chemical oxidant- and external electrolyte-free conditions was established. (ccspublishing.org.cn)
Therefore, the exploration of external supporting electrolyte-free electrochemical synthesis reaction is highly desirable. (ccspublishing.org.cn)

With ESy-Screening, our customers will be able to fully exploit the potential of organic electrosynthesis in the future without having to bring in their own expertise" explains CTO Prof. Dr. Siegfried R. Waldvogel. (achema.de)

The chapter is organized by the reaction type of the electrochemical step and covers both oxidative and reductive reaction modes. (thieme-connect.de)
A tendency to the reductive ring-opening and the follow-up reaction paths of thus formed radical-anions influenced by substituents in the cyclopropane ring are discussed. (beilstein-archives.org)

To this reaction mixture molecular iodine (2.2 mmol) and 30percent aq. (ambeed.com)
The research topic that we are developing focuses on organic electrosynthesis as an alternative tool to perform various molecular transformations. (cnrs.fr)

In a chlor-alkali electrolyzer, the chlorine evolution reaction (CER, Equation 1 ) generates gaseous Cl 2 at the anode, which is counterbalanced by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode ( Fig. 1 ) [ 1 , 2 , 4 ]. (jecst.org)

The yield of an electrosynthesis is expressed both in terms of the chemical yield and current efficiency. (wikipedia.org)

The team's serendipitous discovery emerged while they were conducting the electrosynthesis. (ccu-news.info)

For example, in aqueous conditions the competing reactions in the cell are the formation of oxygen at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode. (wikipedia.org)
An example of a reaction requiring a divided cell is the reduction of nitrobenzene to phenylhydroxylamine, where the latter chemical is susceptible to oxidation at the anode. (wikipedia.org)

In their recent study published in Communications Chemistry , the team provided a proof-of-concept for electrochemical polymerization of organic aromatic monomers without an external power supply. (phys.org)
This nickel-catalyzed electrochemical process was subsequently extended to aromatic and heteroaromatic halides for C(sp 2 )-C(sp 3 ) bond formation such as conjugate addition reactions with activated olefins (to access to medium-sized benzolactone precursors) and C(sp 2 )-C(sp 2 ) bond formation with (hetero)aromatic halides for homocouplings and/or cross-couplings. (cnrs.fr)

It is a 'clean' process, allows mild synthesis conditions, and is inherently safe,' says Dr. Philipp Röse from KIT's Institute for Applied Materials - Electrochemical Technologies (IAM-ET). (biooekonomie-bw.de)
In CCHE reactions, the raw materials are directly converted into products and hydrogen, the reactions are highly atom economy, environmentally friendly, and have attractive potential industrial application prospects. (sioc-journal.cn)

This allows solutions flow and evacuation of reaction products into the detection area. (msesupplies.com)

Instead, as the substrate's concentration decreases the potential across the cell increases in order to maintain the fixed reaction rate. (wikipedia.org)
This is a horizontally mounted, double compartment Spectro-Electrosynthesis Flow H-Cell used for real-time investigation of compounds synthesized via electrochemical reaction ( i.e. electrogenerated products). (msesupplies.com)
This is the first time we discovered that by just simply changing the cell, what we call the electrochemical reactor, you completely change the product," Lin said. (ccu-news.info)
The process is evaluated first by cyclic voltammetric analyses and then, for the continuous reduction of CO2 in a filter-press electrochemical cell. (edu.sa)

Amides can be oxidized to N-acyliminium ions, which can be captured by various nucleophiles, for example: This reaction type is called a Shono oxidation. (wikipedia.org)
By changing the type of electrochemical reactor, they could produce two completely different products, both of which are useful in medicinal chemistry. (ccu-news.info)
The next year, Paul L. Hulin patented filter-press type electrochemical cells in France. (cloudfront.net)

This consumes current in side reactions produced outside the target voltage. (wikipedia.org)

However, such reactions have to always use stoichiometric amount of sacrificial oxidants such as peroxides, high-valent metals (Cu salts, Ag salts, et c. ), or iodine(III) oxidants, thereby leading to possible generation of toxic wastes and making the process less desirable from a green chemistry perspective. (sioc-journal.cn)

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Selectivity9

Electrochemistry7

Electrodes8

Processes14

Divided electrochemical cell1

Important electrochemical1

Redox8

Reactors7

Anodic oxidation3

Corrosion2

Intermediates1

Electrolysis2

Kinetics2

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Catalysis1

Selective1

Electron transfer1

Potentiostat1

Electrode materials3

Electrolytes2

Sensors1

Methods5

Cyclic voltammetry1

Electrocatalysis1

Reduction reaction3

Synthesis reactions1

Pathways1

20232

Greener synthetic1

Sustainable3

Flow microreactor1

Energy11

Mechanism3

Organic compounds1

Applications2

Characterization1

Electrocatalytic1

Electrolyte4

Prof1

Reductive2

Molecular2

Hydrogen evolution reaction1

Yield1

Team's1

Anode2

Aromatic2

Materials2

Detection1

Cell4

Type3

Voltage1

Oxidants1