Electric StimulationElectrodesElectric Stimulation TherapyCochlear ImplantsElectrodes, ImplantedChiropteraCochlear NerveVisual ProsthesisAcoustic StimulationCochlear ImplantationAuditory PathwaysElectric OrganDeafnessAuditory CortexPitch PerceptionInferior ColliculiAuditory ThresholdHearingPsychoacousticsNeuronal PlasticityAction PotentialsCochleaSpeech PerceptionCatsTime FactorsElectrophysiologyElectromagnetic FieldsElectrochemistryNeuronsIon-Selective ElectrodesRabbitsGymnotiformesDeep Brain StimulationElectric InjuriesElectrochemical TechniquesMicroelectrodesStimulation, ChemicalPhysical StimulationElectric ImpedanceElectric ConductivityTranscranial Magnetic StimulationElectric WiringElectroporationElectric Power SuppliesEquipment DesignPotentiometryCells, CulturedGraphiteBiosensing TechniquesMembrane PotentialsTorpedoElectromyographyElectrochemotherapyFluorocarbon PolymersEvoked PotentialsTranscutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationCalciumGoldElectroencephalographyRats, Sprague-DawleyBurns, ElectricKineticsConductometryMuscle ContractionSignal TransductionPhotic StimulationElectric CountershockEquipment Failure AnalysisDogsBioelectric Energy SourcesElectrophorusEnzymes, ImmobilizedSubthalamic NucleusSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCarbonElectronicsDose-Response Relationship, DrugEvoked Potentials, MotorMotor CortexElectricityCell LineAfferent PathwaysGuinea PigsModels, BiologicalReaction TimeTin CompoundsModels, NeurologicalCell MembraneSynaptic TransmissionVagus NerveRats, WistarMuscle, SkeletalEvoked Potentials, SomatosensoryAnimal CommunicationReflexMagneticsLoudness PerceptionPhosphorylationMotor Neurons