AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2GlucoseInsulinBlood GlucoseIslets of LangerhansHypoglycemic AgentsDiabetes MellitusHemoglobin A, GlycosylatedDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalGlucose Tolerance TestDiabetic NephropathiesHyperglycemiaDiabetic NeuropathiesInsulin-Secreting CellsBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes ComplicationsHypoglycemiaObesityInsulin ResistanceGlucose IntoleranceRisk FactorsCase-Control StudiesC-PeptideFastingGlucagonStreptozocinReceptor, InsulinTime FactorsDiabetes, GestationalMice, Inbred NODIslets of Langerhans TransplantationPancreasPrediabetic StatePostprandial PeriodGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucose Transporter Type 4Glutamate DecarboxylaseDiabetic AngiopathiesDeoxyglucoseGlucose Transporter Type 1Diabetic RetinopathyMonosaccharide Transport ProteinsBody WeightInsulin Infusion SystemsGlucose Transporter Type 2Pregnancy in DiabeticsLiverGlucose Clamp TechniqueHyperinsulinismGlycogenGlucokinaseGluconeogenesisHomeostasisMetforminCells, CulturedFatty Acids, NonesterifiedRats, WistarMice, Inbred C57BLMuscle, SkeletalRats, Sprague-DawleyTriglyceridesSulfonylurea CompoundsLipidsAdipose TissueBody Mass IndexInsulin AntagonistsRats, Inbred BBInsulin, Long-ActingPancreas TransplantationBiological MarkersGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseDose-Response Relationship, Drug3-O-MethylglucoseGlycosuriaProinsulinInsulinomaInsulin Receptor Substrate ProteinsBlood PressureDietary CarbohydratesAlbuminuriaBiological TransportRNA, MessengerInsulin LisproMethylglucosidesAlloxanLactatesLactic AcidDiabetic KetoacidosisKineticsSignal TransductionGliclazideHLA-DQ AntigensFructoseGlucose OxidaseAutoantibodiesAdipocytesGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlycolysisMice, Knockout
ResistanceHyperglycemiaMetabolismGlycemicUptakeConcentrationsAbstractSensitivityHepaticTriglyceridesHypertensionPancreatic beta-cellsExogenous insulinHomeostasisSignificantlyGlucagonHigh blood glucosePrevalenceT2DMDecreaseMmolPancreasComplicationsInducesIncidenceDiabetic patientsPeripheralCardiovascular diseaseReceptorsAutoimmuneHyperinsulinemiaPeople with diabetesDeficiencyReceptorGeneticChildren and adolescentsRegulate glucoseGestationalAdiposeEndogenousCharacterized by impairedIntakeObese patientsTriglyceride levelsLipidsPathophysiologyHyperglycaemiaClinicalMicrovascularHypoglycemic effectInflammationPathogenesisConcentrationSevereSerumMortalityGlycogenLiver
Resistance57
Hyperglycemia12
  • Hyperglycemia significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases development, and premature death in the population [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Hyperglycemia contributes to glycosylation of proteins and lipids, increases the production of reactive oxygen species, stimulates the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in various tissues, promoting thus inflammation processes in the vascular wall [ 2 , 3 ]. (medsci.org)
  • When insulin is unable to induce glucose uptake, pancreatic beta-cells increase insulin production and the hyperinsulinemic state prevents hyperglycemia. (isciii.es)
  • Diabetes is a methabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, with high morbidity and mortility worldwide. (scialert.net)
  • Although all diabetic cells are exposed to elevated levels of plasma glucose, hyperglycemic damage is limited to those cell types that are unable to down regulate glucose transport into the cell (e.g., endothelial cells), leading to intra-cellular hyperglycemia ( Brownlee, 2001 ). (scialert.net)
  • Activation of oxidative stress by acute glucose fluctuations compared with sustained chronic hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. (revistasad.com)
  • Hyperglycemia-induced circulating ICAM-1 increase in diabetes mellitus: the possible role of oxidative stress. (revistasad.com)
  • Diabetes mellitus has been defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. (balkandentaljournal.com)
  • Hyperglycemia leads to widespread multisystem damage which has an effect on oral tissue. (balkandentaljournal.com)
  • HBOT for 3 days and longer in diabetic rats reduced hyperglycemia to control levels. (scirp.org)
  • The presence of hyperglycemia and associated vascular dysfunction in diabetes has multiple confounding effects manifested in various diabetic complications. (scirp.org)
  • Clinical studies in humans indicate that β-cell dysfunction in MODY3 patients leads to a defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that is responsible for chronic hyperglycemia ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Metabolism25
  • Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia and alterations in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, associated with absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We hypothesize that combined genetic and dietary factors may influence AA effects on metabolism. (researchsquare.com)
  • We aimed to explore whether AA effects on metabolism are influenced by the combination of genetic and dietary factors. (researchsquare.com)
  • We hypothesize that beneficial effects of AA on metabolism might be influenced by combinations of genetic and environmental factors. (researchsquare.com)
  • Therefore, we first used a genetically predisposed mouse model to investigate whether AA effects on metabolism might be influenced by particular genetic and diet. (researchsquare.com)
  • In this study, we examined AA effects on metabolism in wild-type (WT) mice and GLUT10 G128E mice fed with a normal diet (CD) or HFD, as we previously showed that GLUT10 G128E mice are highly sensitive to HFD-induced T2DM 9 . (researchsquare.com)
  • 1996).The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays important roles in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • orlando premium outlets review 04 hex to binary Dec 17, 2021 · The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays important roles in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • However, larger, adequately powered, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials examining multiple measures of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and insulin homeostasis are needed. (lww.com)
  • Janowska J, Chudek J, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Semik-Grabarczyk E, Zahorska-Markiewicz B. Interdependencies among Selected Pro-Inflammatory Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction, C-Peptide, Anti-Inflammatory Interleukin-10 and Glucose Metabolism Disturbance in Obese Women. (medsci.org)
  • We have studied the relationship between clinical and biochemical parameters and C-peptide and anti-inflammatory IL-10, as well as selected markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction such as: CCL2, CRP, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and E-selectin in obese women with various degree of glucose metabolism disturbance. (medsci.org)
  • Obese patients were spited in subgroups based on the degree of glucose metabolism disorder. (medsci.org)
  • Disturbed lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are manifested by enhanced inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with simply obesity. (medsci.org)
  • In addition to its effects on bone mass, GH regulates muscle mass, muscular strength, body composition, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and cardiac function. (medscape.com)
  • Gender differences in physiology and metabolism have important potential implications with regards to the development of new approaches for the intervention of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity [ 1 ]. (karger.com)
  • Accumulated evidence from genetic animal models suggests that the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, has a key role in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
  • The brain modulates various aspects of metabolism, such as food intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production and glucose/fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (nature.com)
  • Here we comprehensively review the above topics, discussing the main findings related to the role of the brain in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
  • Glucose is removed from ASL in proximal airways via facilitative glucose transporters, down a concentration gradient generated by intracellular glucose metabolism. (ersjournals.com)
  • Glucose removal is determined by cellular glucose uptake and metabolism ( fig. 1 ) [ 4 , 12 - 14 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • To study the pharmacogenetic mechanism(s), we have investigated glibenclamide-induced insulin secretion, glibenclamide clearance from the blood, and glibenclamide metabolism in wild-type and Hnf-1α-deficient mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • To study the metabolism of glibenclamide in Hnf-1α −/− animals, we analyzed liver extracts from [ 3 H]glibenclamide-injected animals by reverse-phase chromatography. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We found that the ratio of the concentrations of glibenclamide and its metabolites was moderately increased in livers of Hnf-1α −/− mice, suggesting that hepatic glibenclamide metabolism was not impaired in animals with Hnf-1α deficiency. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • By studying diabetic dyslipid- in diabetes mellitus because insulin resist- aemia among a group of our patients we ance or deficiency affects key enzymes hoped to draw attention of the medical com- and pathways in lipid metabolism [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • The available drugs are not sufficiently efficacious in reducing cardiovascular risk and restoring normal glucose metabolism associated with type 2 diabetes as a mono- or a combination therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Glycemic11
  • The model also contains separate compartments for plasma and 'active' insulin, the latter being responsible for glycemic control while insulin is removed from the former by liver degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is important to note that AIDA, like other model-based approaches, is not sufficiently accurate to be used for individual patient simulation or glycemic prediction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are widely regarded as a marker of medium-term blood glucose control and are extensively applied clinically as an indicator of a person's average or integrated glycemic control over the preceding 2-3 months. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of both types of diabetes is analysed together with its role in improving glycemic control in diabetic patients. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Long term diabetes and poor glycemic control are the most important risk factors for DN development ( DCCT Research Group, 1993 ). (scialert.net)
  • Kooy et al found improved body weight, glycemic control, and insulin requirements when metformin was added to insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (medscape.com)
  • Currently, it is accepted that the periodontal disease is more prevalent and severe in people with diabetes mellitus glycemic index. (bvsalud.org)
  • On the other hand, patients with severe periodontitis may present difficulty in performing glycemic control. (bvsalud.org)
  • Periodontitis may influence on the glycemic control of diabetes. (bvsalud.org)
  • GLP-1 has a role in glycemic control by inducing glucose-dependent insulin secretion from β-cells and inhibiting glucagon release from α-cells in the pancreas. (justia.com)
  • Once the diagnosis of diabetes is established in a pregnant woman, continued testing for glycemic control and diabetic complications is indicated for the remainder of the pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Uptake6
  • Insulin, after binding its receptor, induces the phosphorylation of receptor substrates in the liver and muscles, and induces several steps toward the transactivation of GLUT-4, which increases glucose uptake by cells and its storage as glycogen, and inhibits the net production of glucose by the liver, thus blocking glycogenolysis and neoglycogenesis. (isciii.es)
  • It reduces hepatic glucose output, may decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, and may increase glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. (medscape.com)
  • In North America and Western Europe only small amounts of vitamin D, a fat-soluble secosteroid hormone, enter the metabolic circle via dietary uptake (e.g. from fish), although dietary supplement intake has increased in recent years (Figure 1). (vitamindwiki.com)
  • The pharmacological properties of herbal remedies, including the amelioration of insulin sensitivity, the promotion of insulin secretion, the increase of glucose uptake by adipose and muscle tissues, the inhibition of sugar absorption in intestines and the generation of sugar by hepatocytes, have been demonstrated in several studies ( 15 , 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Since the mid-1960s, it has been known that there are energy-dependent, sodium-coupled glucose transporter (SGLT) and energy-independent, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) pathways for glucose uptake in the lung [ 1 ], and that glucose can permeate the alveolar epithelial barrier [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Our data demonstrate that high serum glibenclamide concentrations and an increased t 1/2 of glibenclamide in the blood of Hnf-1α −/− mice are caused by a defect in hepatic uptake of glibenclamide. (diabetesjournals.org)
Concentrations18
  • Like preterm sheep, ventilated very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have increased concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-1, IL-6, and MCP-1 in tracheal aspirates and these increased levels correlate with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) [3-5]. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
  • Increased concentrations of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, E-selectin, CCL2 and CRP were found in all obese groups compared to the normal weight subjects. (medsci.org)
  • The results suggest the probable active participation of higher concentrations of C-peptide in the intensification of inflammatory and atherogenic processes in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. (medsci.org)
  • Thus, insulin concentrations are usually high early in type-2 diabetes, but have also been seen in many subjects who are not obese or diabetic, but who have other metabolic syndrome components such as hypertriglyceridemia or arterial hypertension (1). (isciii.es)
  • Another effect of PTH is the stimulation of renal 1,25(OH)2D3 production with possibly misleading 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations within the normal range. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • In diabetic participants, fructose reduced 2-hour blood glucose concentrations by 4.81 mmol/L (95% CI 3.29, 6.34) compared to glucose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we consider a newly identified role for pulmonary glucose transport in maintaining low airway surface liquid (ASL) glucose concentrations and propose that this contributes to lung defence against infection. (ersjournals.com)
  • These processes vary between species but universally maintain ASL glucose at 3-20-fold lower concentrations than plasma. (ersjournals.com)
  • ASL glucose concentrations are increased in respiratory disease and by hyperglycaemia. (ersjournals.com)
  • This is in contrast to conditions in the gut and kidney, where luminal glucose concentrations regularly exceed plasma glucose concentrations [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • 1 mM in nasal ASL [ 8 ] and mean± sd 0.4±0.2 mM in the lower respiratory tract, 12.5 times lower than plasma concentrations, which are normally maintained at ∼5 mM [ 9 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
  • Current model of the mechanisms controlling glucose concentrations in the surface liquid lining the airway and distal lung epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
  • Mean + SD serum metformin concentrations over time following IV (A) and oral (B) administration of a bolus dose of metformin hydrochloride to 7 mixed-breed dogs (phase 1) in a crossover experiment (interval of 1 week between treatments). (avma.org)
  • Mean + SD serum metformin concentrations over time following twice-daily oral administration of metformin (phase 2) to the 7 dogs in Figure 1 . (avma.org)
  • This suggests that hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas in MODY3 patients may be due to impaired hepatic clearance and elevated plasma concentrations of the drug. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The present study investigated the effects of Nigella sativa hydroalcholic extract on glucose concentrations in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If this compensatory increase does not occur, blood glucose concentrations increase and type 2 diabetes occurs. (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
Abstract1
  • ABSTRACT This study investigated the patterns and determinants of lipid disorders among a group of 250 type 2 adult diabetic patients and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls in Sudan. (who.int)
Sensitivity12
  • Conversely, the D 2 R agonist bromocriptine, which has been used for over 40 years to treat Parkinson's disease and hyperprolactinemia ( 6 ), was found to lower blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity in patients with T2DM ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Increasing dopamine levels/signals are associated with improved insulin sensitivity, while decreasing dopamine and serotonin levels/signals are associated with weight gain and T2DM development. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Homeostasis Model for Assessment [HOMA= fasting insulin (mUI/ml) * fasting glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5] has proved useful in the measurement of insulin sensitivity in euglycemic patients. (isciii.es)
  • Insulin secretion increases when insulin sensitivity decreases. (isciii.es)
  • At a certain level, increasing insulin secretion does no longer improve insulin sensitivity. (isciii.es)
  • The best method to measure insulin sensitivity is the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. (isciii.es)
  • they also increase peripheral insulin sensitivity. (medscape.com)
  • Treatments include (1) agents that increase the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas, (2) agents that increase the sensitivity of target organs to insulin, and (3) agents that decrease the rate at which glucose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. (diabetestalk.net)
  • S-Amlodipine itself caused significant reduction in glucose (115.1 ± 6.6 vs. 89.7 ± 2.7) and BP (184.4 ± 5.0 vs. 156.1 ± 4.0) with improvement in insulin sensitivity observed through oral glucose tolerance test. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PPAR-gamma agonists, also known as thiazolidinediones (TZDs), such as Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone increase insulin sensitivity, reduce levels of blood glucose, insulin and triglycerides with a concomitant reduction in BP and improvement in endothelial function [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For many years, scientists have researched how lipoic acid affects insulin sensitivity and the severity of diabetes-related disorders, including heart disease, stroke, glaucoma, neuropathic pain, and kidney disease. (lifeextension.com)
  • Lipoic acid's benefits in diabetic neuropathy-and in diabetes as a whole-arise from its striking ability to dramatically improve glucose control and restore insulin sensitivity. (lifeextension.com)
Hepatic3
  • Low hepatic ATP, hyperuricemia, and hepatic lipid accumulation reported in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients may reflect insufficient hepatic O 2 delivery, potentially accounting for the sympathetic overdrive associated with MetS. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia and represents the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome[ 4 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • A subset of persons with NAFLD progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), consisting of hepatic steatosis accompanied by inflammation and fibrosis (Figure 1 )[ 5 ]. (wjgnet.com)
Triglycerides6
Hypertension3
  • Diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have been found to be closely associated with the incidence of NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)
  • It has also recently been shown that K has an antihypertensive effect by promoting sodium excretion, while it is also attracting attention as an important component that can suppress hypertension associated with excessive sodium intake. (mdpi.com)
  • Hypertension (blood pressure [BP] ≥140/90 mmHg) is an extremely common condition in diabetes, affecting around 20 to 60% of diabetic patients [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pancreatic beta-cells1
Exogenous insulin4
  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency in patients as well as a requirement for exogenous insulin supplementation for survival [ 6 ]. (karger.com)
  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-expressing pancreatic β-cells resulting in dependency on exogenous insulin to control blood glucose levels. (scirp.org)
  • Exogenous insulin therapy has been associated with higher colorectal cancer incidence. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between exogenous insulin therapy and adenoma formation, accounting for duration of therapy and location and stage of the adenoma. (aacrjournals.org)
Homeostasis7
Significantly13
  • Compared with oral hypoglycaemics including metformin, glipizide, or rosiglitazone, berberine did not demonstrate a significantly better glycaemic control but showed a mild antidyslipidemic effect. (hindawi.com)
  • Ventilated lambs with a Sat PC level 5 mol/kg had significantly decreased markers of injury and lung inflammation compared with those lambs with 5 mol/kg. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
  • In patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) parameters characterizing the degree of obesity significantly positively correlated with levels of CRP and CCL2. (medsci.org)
  • In addition, cohort studies undertaken in the UK ( 11 , 18 ) and the USA ( 19 ) reported that no significantly increased all-cause cancer mortality was found in patients with T1DM when compared to the general population. (frontiersin.org)
  • After adjustment of age, the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio was significantly negatively associated with blood pressure and free thyroxine and positively associated with weight, hemoglobin, creatinine, alanine transferase, fasting glucose, and thyroid stimulating hormone. (e-enm.org)
  • Animal experiments revealed that STZ treatment rendered female rats more susceptible to induction of diabetes than their male littermates with significantly lower plasma insulin levels due to hormonal regulation. (karger.com)
  • Adiponectin plasma levels and adipose-tissue gene expression were significantly lower in obese subjects and inversely correlated with obesity-associated variables, including high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The results revealed that oral administration of sesamin for 4 weeks (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) marginally improved blood glucose levels, body weight and significantly ameliorated the effects on heart rate and blood pressure in rats with type 1 diabetes relative to control rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The results showed that the prevalence rates of each of the two markers are clearly age dependent and were significantly higher in males than females. (egyptianjournal.xyz)
  • Compared with the controls, case patients ( n = 196) did not have a significantly increased odds of insulin exposure, when exposure was defined as 12 months or more of insulin use compared with no insulin. (aacrjournals.org)
  • However, the odds of insulin exposure among the cases was significantly increased when exposure was defined as 18 months or more (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.5), 24 months or more (OR 1.7, CI 1.1-2.6), and 36 months or more (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.4) of insulin use (test for trend P = 0.05). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Adenoma location was not significantly affected by insulin therapy. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The ESTIMATE algorithm indicated that patients with high CD58 expression had significantly higher immune scores compared with low CD58 expression in WHO grade II/III, but no statistical difference was observed in WHO grade IV (p (bvsalud.org)
Glucagon10
  • Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a natural peptide agonist of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) found on pancreatic β-cells. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1) is a 30- or 31-amino-acid-long peptide hormone deriving from the tissue-specific posttranslational processing of the proglucagon peptide. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • lee women Background: The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad pharmacological potential. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • Traditionally this has involved studying both central and peripheral molecules involved in hunger and satiety, such as leptin, orexin (also known as hypocretin), insulin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1), amylin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP, also known as a gastric inhibitory polypeptide), adiponectin and cholecystokinin (CCK). (frontiersin.org)
  • The present disclosure relates to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and methods of treating or preventing allergic inflammation and/or methods of treating or preventing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. (justia.com)
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone synthesized and released by enteroendocrine L-cells in the ileum and large intestine following oral food intake. (justia.com)
  • Disclosed herein are methods of treating allergic disorders and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist. (justia.com)
  • In some aspects, disclosed herein is a method of treating or preventing an allergic disease in a subject who has, or is at risk of developing an allergic disease, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1Rt) agonist. (justia.com)
  • A decrease in insulin/glucagon ratio inhibits glycolysis which in turn decreases energy production. (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
  • The pancreas lies in the curve of the duodenum and controls the level of sugar in the blood by secreting insulin and glucagon. (medscape.com)
High blood glucose5
Prevalence6
T2DM16
  • 26 120 180 ] Body mass index (BMI) has been widely used to indicate the level of obesity, though recent studies have found that abdominal or visceral adiposity (vs subcutaneous), as reflected in the waist-to-hip ratio or waist circumference, is a strong criteria for predicting the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • 180 ] While obesity is a risk factor for MetS, the fact that not all obese patients develop MetS or T2DM[ 25 106 186 196 203 230 266 ] suggests that adiposity may not be etiologic. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • To assess the efficacy and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (hindawi.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes. (hindawi.com)
  • Initial therapy for treating T2DM includes diet and exercise, followed by the use of oral hypoglycemic agents and potentially subcutaneous insulin injections [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly influenced by complex interactions between genetic and environmental (dietary and lifestyle) factors. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, evidence for the significance and beneficial effects of AA in T2DM is thus far inconclusive. (researchsquare.com)
  • We have previously showed that genetic polymorphisms in glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10) gene are associated with a T2DM intermediate phenotype in non-diabetic population, and GLUT10 G128E mice (carrying human orthologous GLUT10 G128E variant) are highly sensitive to HFD-induced metabolic dysregulation. (researchsquare.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major medical problem worldwide, and its development is highly affected by complex interactions between genetic and environmental (dietary and lifestyle) factors 1 . (researchsquare.com)
  • While genetic factors have been associated with T2DM in population studies 2 , the effect sizes of identified variants are typically very small. (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition to their marginal effects, many genetic factors are thought to alter susceptibility by environmental factors, such as high-fat diet (HFD), accelerating the development of T2DM 3 . (researchsquare.com)
  • Such complex interactions between various genetic risk factor combinations and specific diet or lifestyle characteristics make clinical studies on the effects of AA on T2DM difficult to design. (researchsquare.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression are significant public health and socioeconomic issues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Soon after the introduction of atypical antipsychotics, which antagonize serotonin receptors and dopamine D 2 receptors (D 2 R), numerous case reports appeared showing that the use of these drugs were associated with increased obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The risk of cancers appears to be increased in both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Previous large cohort studies conducted in the UK suggested that neither the risk of urinary bladder cancer nor mortality from urinary bladder cancer was increased in patients with T1DM or T2DM ( 11 , 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
Decrease5
  • This is strongly reinforced by the fact that MetS is cured in a matter of days in a significant percentage of patients by diet, bariatric surgery, or endoluminal sleeve, all of which would decrease splanchnic oxygen demand by limiting nutrient contact with the mucosa and reducing the nutrient load due to loss of appetite or dietary restriction. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Results The inhibitors did not decrease the cytokine levels or inflammatory response. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
  • Attempts to decrease inflammation by blocking IL-8, IL-1 or NF-B were unsuccessful. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
  • Higher levels of IGFBP-3 increase the binding capacity of IGF-I, but also decrease the circulating IGF-I bioavailability [ 2 ]. (e-enm.org)
  • This could decrease the effects of cyclosporine. (medlineplus.gov)
Mmol1
  • It is diagnosed when a random venous plasma glucose concentration is greater than 11.1mmol per litre or a fasting plasma glucose concentration is greater than 7.0mmol per litre. (101healthybody.com)
Pancreas5
Complications21
  • Evidence from many multicenter trials has demonstrated that the above pharmaceuticals are able to lower blood glucose and to reduce the risk of developing diabetic complications. (hindawi.com)
  • The rising global burden of diabetes and its complications: estimates and projections to the year 2010. (scielo.br)
  • Different variables were associated with DQoL scores including insulin administration, low income status, marital status, and presence of diabetic complications. (who.int)
  • Diabetes has a huge effect on the lives of patients, because of constant constraints including dieting, exercising and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, in addition to complications that affect HRQoL. (who.int)
  • The gradual worsening of these complications further aggravates the anxiety and depression that people with diabetes may have (5), with an estimated 20.3% having depression (6), which correlates with low HRQoL (7). (who.int)
  • We also address the potential role of vitamin D deficiency in the development of macro- and microvascular complications in diabetes. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • The dental management of these medically compromised patients can be problematic in terms of oral complications, dental therapy, and emergency care. (medscape.com)
  • The dental clinician needs to understand the potential complications that can occur as a consequence of dental treatment of a medically compromised patient and when pretreatment or post-treatment medication or emergency care is indicated. (medscape.com)
  • The major metabolic complications of obesity and type 2 diabetes may be prevented and managed with dietary modification. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main metabolic complications of obesity and type 2 diabetes may be prevented and managed in full or in part with dietary modification, including the use of sweeteners that provide little or no calories (hypocaloric sweeteners) [ 7 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality of 75% of patients with diabetes >40 years old. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Diabetes leads to numerous complications associated with the heart, including ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Chronically, microvascular and macrovascular complications are the major reasons for increasing morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The main risk factor raising the mortality and morbidity of type 1 DM is cardiovascular complications. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Normoglycemia is the key to attenuate the microvascular and neurological complications of type 1 diabetes. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Herbal and traditional Chinese medicine have also exhibited a strong impact on treatment of cardiovascular complications in diabetes ( 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Delahanty L, Simkins SW, Camelon K. Expanded role of the dietitian in the diabetes control and complications trial: implications for clinical practice. (revistasad.com)
  • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. (revistasad.com)
  • Diabetes leads to widespread complications including pancreatic β-cell damage, nephropathy and impaired wound healing. (scirp.org)
  • Diabetes in humans induces chronic complications such as cardiovascular damage, cataracts and retinopathy, nephropathy and polyneuropathy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results suggest that a combination of PPAR agonists and S-Amlodipine has partial benefits in improving the cardiovascular risk factors such as reduction in triglyceride levels, associated with chronic type 2 diabetes, and therefore may be utilized as an approach for addressing some of these devastating metabolic syndrome complications. (biomedcentral.com)
Induces1
  • GLP-1 also induces weight loss by promoting satiety. (justia.com)
Incidence6
  • 57 76 81 96 172 198 217 276 ] The incidence of MetS has been reported to be as low as 22% in overweight patients with a BMI of 25-30 and 60% in patients with a BMI of 30-35, with more than 40% of these obese patients relatively healthy. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • For example, the treatment with metformin is associated with a high incidence of gastrointestinal side effects [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The incidence of both type 2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus has been increasing worldwide. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Moreover, the incidence of type-2 diabetes seems to be lower in responders than in non-responders. (isciii.es)
  • 18. Seethalakshmi C, Reddy RC, Asifa N, Prabhu S. Correlation of salivary pH, incidence of dental caries and periodontal status in diabetes mellitus patients: A cross-sectional study. (balkandentaljournal.com)
  • Infants of mothers with preexisting diabetes mellitus experience double the risk of serious injury at birth, triple the likelihood of cesarean delivery, and quadruple the incidence of newborn intensive care unit (NICU) admission. (medscape.com)
Diabetic patients9
  • It is estimated that, by 2025, India, China, and the United States will be the top three countries to have large number of diabetic patients [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Consequently, many diabetic patients are also suggested to receive complementary and alternative medicine therapies. (hindawi.com)
  • The hypoglycemic effect of berberine was first reported in 1988 when it was used to treat diarrhea in diabetic patients [ 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Although in all diabetic patients, GFR is initially normal or mildly elevated with no histological alterations, it progresses to produce thick glomerular basement membrane and expand to mesangial, followed by high glomerular capillary pressure and microalbuminuria. (scialert.net)
  • The objective of the present study is to determine, through a literature review, the influence of the periodontal disease on the metabolic control of diabetic patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • Diabetic patients with and without chronic lung disease are at increased risk of respiratory infection. (ersjournals.com)
  • It is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease with up to 10 fold increased risk of cardiovascular events compared to age-matched non-diabetic patients. (scirp.org)
  • The chy- among type 2 diabetic patients [ 6 ]. (who.int)
  • Atherosclerosis accounts for up to 80% of cholesterol (LDL-C) and the total choles- deaths in diabetic patients due to coronary terol/HDL-C ratio (TC/HDL-C) [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Peripheral4
  • Peripheral or central GLP-1 suppresses food intake and reduces body weight. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • Defective crosstalk between the brain and peripheral organs contributes to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (nature.com)
  • These neurons are the first-order neurons on which peripheral metabolic hormones, including leptin, insulin, ghrelin and nutrients, primarily act. (nature.com)
  • For instance, GLP-1R agonist administration decreased TNFα and IL-6 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of obese patients with T2D and diabetic mouse adipose tissue. (justia.com)
Cardiovascular disease4
  • In developed countries, cardiovascular disease is the main complication causing death resulted from diabetes ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This nutrient protects vital cellular energy and shields against diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. (lifeextension.com)
  • 5 Ongoing clinical trials across the globe show the promise of lipoic acid's benefits on a wide range of diseases-from diabetes to cardiovascular disease to Alzheimer's and countless more. (lifeextension.com)
  • In this report, you will discover how the alpha lipoic acid benefits vital cellular energy while shielding against and possibly reversing the damaging effects of disorders that include diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. (lifeextension.com)
Receptors1
  • Insulin Receptors and Its Gene in Pathologic State. (wixsite.com)
Autoimmune2
  • Type 1 DM is caused by the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β-cells resulting in reduced insulin production ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The majority of type 1 diabetes is of the immune-mediated nature, where beta cell loss is a T-cell mediated autoimmune attack. (101healthybody.com)
Hyperinsulinemia1
People with diabetes3
  • This offers people with diabetes, their relatives, students, health-care professionals and other users an indication of what the HbA1c level might be if the simulated blood glucose profile was maintained for 2-3 months. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Diabetes Quality of Life (DQoL) questionnaire has been used frequently among people with diabetes. (who.int)
  • Affecting up to around two out of every three people with diabetes, neuropathy is nervous system damage that can produce unbearable pain in the legs and feet. (lifeextension.com)
Deficiency3
  • Patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) typically have hyperlipidemia, increased body fat, premature atherosclerotic plaques, delayed bone maturation, and impaired cardiac function. (medscape.com)
  • Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone (GH) excess or deficiency. (e-enm.org)
  • We searched the PubMed and MEDLINE up to August 20 2011 using combinations of the following keywords: vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and pregnancy, reproduction, fertility/infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth and bacterial vaginosis. (vitamindwiki.com)
Receptor10
  • GLP-1 has been reported to improve glucose-dependent insulin action through the G-protein-coupled receptor, GLP-1R (Drucker and Nauck, 2006). (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • The GLP-1 receptor agonists currently approved in the United States for the treatment of type 2 diabetes include exenatide (administered twice daily), liraglutide and lixisenatide (administered once daily), and the once-weekly agents exenatide extended-release, albiglutide, and dulaglutide. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • Engagement of the receptor stimulates insulin release in a glucose-dependent fashion and increases β-cell mass, two ideal features for pharmacologic management of type 2 diabetes. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • casino 3f.com mandt bank near me hours The GLP-1 receptor agonists currently approved in the United States for the treatment of type 2 diabetes include exenatide (administered twice daily), liraglutide and lixisenatide (administered once daily), and the once-weekly agents exenatide extended-release, albiglutide, and dulaglutide. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • Genetic Variations in the Vitamin D Receptor Predict Type 2 diabetes and Myocardial Infarction in a Community-Based Population: The Tromsø Study. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • 5 The anorexigenic effect of monoamine serotonin is also mediated by the 5HT-2C receptor in POMC neurons. (nature.com)
  • In a wide variety of cell types vitamin D exerts its effects by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear steroid receptor superfamily and an intracellular transcription factor [2]. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • 3. Kakehi T, Kuzuya H, Yoshimasa Y, Yamada K, Okamoto M, Nishimura H, Imura H. Binding and tyrosine kinase activities of the insulin receptor on Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphocytes from patients with Werner's syndrome. (wixsite.com)
  • GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, such as liraglutide and exenatide are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). (justia.com)
  • The present study examined the combined effects of an antihypertensive (S-Amlodipine) and an insulin-sensitizing agent, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists (Pioglitazone and Ragaglitazar), on cardiovascular risk factors in aged diabetic and insulin-resistant Zucker fa/fa rats. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic4
  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread disorder that effects patients from different age groups and sexes, and is a complex disease that involves both genetic and environmental factors. (who.int)
  • Circulating levels of IGF-I extensively depend on genetic factors and age [ 3 , 4 ] and are also affected by sex, anthropometric indices, physical activity, exogenous sex hormones, smoking, and nutritional status [ 5 - 7 ]. (e-enm.org)
  • Salivary function impairment in type 2 Diabetes patients associated with concentration and genetic polymorphisms of chromogranin A. Clin Oral Invest, 2016;62:10-19. (balkandentaljournal.com)
  • Other forms of diabetes mellitus include congenital diabetes, which is due to genetic defects of insulin secretion, cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, steroid diabetes induced by high doses of glucocorticoids, and several forms of monogenic diabetes. (101healthybody.com)
Children and adolescents2
  • 17. Karjalainen KM, Knuuttila ML, Kaar ML. Salivary factors in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (balkandentaljournal.com)
  • An estimated 30% of adults and 10% of children and adolescents in the United States have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined as liver fat content exceeding 5% (Figure 1 )[ 1 - 3 ]. (wjgnet.com)
Regulate glucose2
Gestational4
Adipose6
  • To elucidate the relationship between plasma levels of adiponectin, adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue, and markers of inflammation, we obtained blood samples, anthropometric measures, and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from 65 postmenopausal healthy women. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 0.05), whereas the inverse correlation between adiponectin plasma levels or adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue with plasma IL-6 were largely dependent on the clustering of obesity-associated variables. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Phosphorylation state of the GLUT4 isoform of the glucose transporter in subfractions of the rat adipose cell: effects of insulin, adenosine, and isoproterenol. (wixsite.com)
  • Cell surface accessibility of GLUT4 glucose transporters in insulin-stimulated rat adipose cells. (wixsite.com)
  • Glucose transporter recycling in rat adipose cells. (wixsite.com)
  • Use of bismannose photolabel to elucidate insulin-regulated GLUT4 subcellular trafficking kinetics in rat adipose cells. (wixsite.com)
Endogenous2
  • It incorporates a compartmental model that describes glucose-insulin interaction in people completely lacking endogenous insulin secretion - i.e. insulin-dependent patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the rare cat who doesn't suppress even at this dose, endogenous ACTH levels, abdominal ultrasound, CT or MRI are required to confirm the location of the tumour. (dvm360.com)
Characterized by impaired1
  • Diabetes in subjects with hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1α gene mutations (maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY]-3) is characterized by impaired insulin secretion. (diabetesjournals.org)
Intake6
  • Advise patients to maintain an adequate total elemental calcium intake (eg, 1000-1500 mg) including food and supplements. (medscape.com)
  • GLP-1 is involved in the regulation of energy balance (Holst, 2007), and its activation and subsequent binding to the GLP-1R reduces food intake and, consequently, body weight (Turton et al. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • Since most ingested K is excreted through the kidneys, decreased renal function is a major factor in increased serum levels, and target values for its intake according to the degree of renal dysfunction have been established. (mdpi.com)
  • The above research focused on the effects of food intake on serotonin and dopamine separately. (frontiersin.org)
  • Specialized neuronal networks in the brain coordinate adaptive changes in food intake and energy expenditure in response to altered metabolic conditions ( Figure 1 ). (nature.com)
  • 5. Tracking your cat's water intake, activity level, appetite, and weight can be beneficial. (diabetestalk.net)
Obese patients2
  • It is a major drug used in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
  • Even without a change in diet or exercise, large doses of lipoic acid ( 800-1,800 mg/day ) have produced moderate weight loss in obese patients. (lifeextension.com)
Triglyceride levels2
  • Several other promising scientific studies now show that lipoic acid has a beneficial effect on a number of the factors involved in metabolic syndrome: it reduces triglyceride levels, lowers cholesterol, improves fasting plasma glucose, and causes weight loss in rodent models of obesity. (lifeextension.com)
  • Increased blood triglyceride levels. (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
Lipids3
Pathophysiology2
  • The AIDA software is intended to serve as an educational support tool and can be used by anyone - person with diabetes, relative of a patient, health care professional (doctor, nurse, clinical diabetes educator, dietician, pharmacist, etc.), or student - even if they may have minimal knowledge of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Simplified scheme for the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. (medscape.com)
Hyperglycaemia1
  • Daily profile of plasma %CoQ10 level, a biomarker of oxidative stress, in patients with diabetes manifesting postprandial hyperglycaemia. (revistasad.com)
Clinical11
  • In this respect AIDA appears most of use for recreating clinical situations in diabetes care - rather than trying to predict best outcome. (wikipedia.org)
  • A large number of clinical studies have demonstrated that a significant percentage of patients with MetS have durable remission of comorbidities within days of bariatric surgery, calorie restriction (diet), or implantation of an endoluminal plastic sleeve that prevents nutrient contact with the proximal gastrointestinal mucosa, as discussed below. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Those adverse effects limit their widespread use in clinical practice [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, the clinician and the clinical researcher must examine published data critically and must educate individual patients and their families about the risk-benefit ratio of rhGH therapy for them. (medscape.com)
  • The GH study group of the Korean Endocrine Society aims to establish the Korean reference ranges of serum IGF-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and assess the relationship between IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and clinical parameters. (e-enm.org)
  • Clinical Diabetes, 2004:22:169-72. (revistasad.com)
  • In addition, antigen-driven T cell proliferation was measured to study the effect of the clinical status and / or infection status on the host responsiveness in lymphatic filariasis. (egyptianjournal.xyz)
  • Among the asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, the direct relationship between Mf+ and CAg+ remained intact regardless of clinical status. (egyptianjournal.xyz)
  • Demo- graphic and clinical data, body mass index and waist circumference, and fasting blood samples were taken to estimate the glucose and lipid profile. (who.int)
  • Over 15 randomized clinical studies have shown that intravenous administration of 300-600 mg of lipoic acid a day greatly improves nerve function and relieves pain symptoms in diabetic neuropathy patients. (lifeextension.com)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] A study by Stuebe et al found this condition to be associated with persistent metabolic dysfunction in women at 3 years after delivery, separate from other clinical risk factors. (medscape.com)
Microvascular1
  • If maternal diabetes is longstanding or associated with known microvascular disease, obtain a baseline maternal electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram. (medscape.com)
Hypoglycemic effect2
  • These results showed that hydroalcholic extract of NS at low doses has hypoglycemic effect and ameliorative effect on regeneration of pancreatic islets and may be used as a therapeutic agent in the management of diabetes mellitus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hypoglycemic effect observed could be due to amelioration of β-cell, thus leading to increased insulin levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Inflammation1
Pathogenesis2
Concentration4
  • Although 1,25(OH)2D3 is the biologically active form of vitamin D the vitamin D status is mainly assessed by the measurement of serum 25(OH)D3 concentration. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Although there is currently no consensus for optimal levels, most experts use a plasma concentration of 25(OH)D3 of 25 nmol/l as a conventional cut-off for defining the lower limit of adequacy of vitamin D status [8]. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Two-hour blood glucose concentration data comparing hypocaloric sweeteners to sucrose or high fructose corn syrup were inconclusive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Salivary glucose concentration exhibits threshold kinetics in normal weight, overweight, and obese children. (balkandentaljournal.com)
Severe2
  • We utilized well defined early response genes (HSP70, Egr-1) and severe stage cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1), aswell as inflammatory cells, to quantify the lung damage. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
  • Following exposure to radioactive strontium compounds, the most severe non carcinogenic effects seen are the result of incorporation of radioactive strontium, an emitter of beta radiation, into the skeleton, with subsequent irradiation of surrounding tissues (ATSDR 2001e). (cdc.gov)
Serum3
  • Serum IGF-I plays a pivotal role in somatotropic axis disorders in both adolescents and adults [ 1 ]. (e-enm.org)
  • Cholecalciferol is bound to serum vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and through a two-step enzymatic pathway involving 25-hydroxylase of the liver and 1a-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) of the kidney and extrarenal tissues, it is converted to the biologically active hormone calcitriol (1a,25(OH)2D3) [1]. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • BP, 184.4 ± 5.0 vs. 159.0 ± 8.0) except for serum glucose. (biomedcentral.com)
Mortality6
  • yet the hip fracture risk, which is strongly associated with high mortality and poor prognosis, was concerningly high in those patients (30% higher than in patients on dialysis). (medscape.com)
  • Further, previous studies have suggested that diabetes is associated with increased risk of cancer mortality ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Previous cohort studies also reported an overall increased standardized mortality ratio for cancers among patients with T1DM compared with the general population ( 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Patients with type 1 DM face a two to four times higher mortality rate than non-diabetic people ( 7 - 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Coronary atherosclerosis appears in the majority of the diabetes population, with the mortality of up to 20% diabetic subjects caused by myocardial infarction ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cavalot F, Pagliarino A, Valle M. Postprandial blood glucose predicts cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes in a 14-year follow up: lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga diabetes study. (revistasad.com)
Glycogen1
  • This disease is mainly regulated by various enzymes and hormones among which Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a principle enzyme and insulin is the key hormone regulating it. (scielo.br)
Liver6
  • The AIDA model contains a single extra-cellular glucose compartment into which glucose enters via both absorption from the intestine and glucose production from the liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intrahepatic fat deposition has been demonstrated in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (wjgnet.com)
  • The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (termed since 1978) with activity similar to insulin was initially reported in 1972 as a sulfation factor secreted by liver, mediating the stimulating effect of growth hormone (GH) [ 1 ]. (e-enm.org)
  • Figure 1 Liver histology ranging from normal liver to steatohepatitis with fibrosis. (wjgnet.com)
  • Alogliptin (Nesina) How it works: Boosts insulin levels when blood sugars are too high, and tells the liver to cut back on making sugars. (diabetestalk.net)
  • Furthermore, the expression of GLUT2 and the glycolytic enzymes glucokinase and liver pyruvate kinase are reduced in pancreatic islets of Hnf-1α −/− mice compared with wild-type mice ( 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)