• Ventricular impairment and dilation displace the papillary muscles outward, which tether the otherwise normal leaflets and prevent them from closing fully. (msdmanuals.com)
  • He concluded that enlargement of the heart was based on both dilation and hypertrophy, and he found that skiing champions had enlargement of both sides of the heart. (scienceopen.com)
  • We pre-sent measurements that show the deterioration of global left ventricular (LV) function, regional function, development of LV dilation, reactive hypertrophy and changes in LV geometry. (biomed-data.eu)
  • Specifically, loss of cardiac reserve, diminished vascular compliance, and diastolic dysfunction are characteristic of both processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dilated cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease of heart muscle that is characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and contractile dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Persons with cardiomyopathy may have asymptomatic left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, LV diastolic dysfunction, or both. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, it is important to investigate cardiac dysfunction in patients with T2DM who present with AR before the occurrence of adverse events to reduce cardiovascular risk and improve outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over time, this can result in left ventricular dysfunction with eccentric hypertrophy, heart failure, and even sudden cardiac death. (doctorable.com)
  • After 48 hours of exposure, these mice showed persistent cardiac inflammation and oxidative tissue damage that caused sarcomeric disruption, cardiomyocyte death, left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiomyopathy, while control hearts showed minimal damage. (jci.org)
  • BACKGROUND: As right ventricular (RV) remodeling in obesity remains underinvestigated, and the impact of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction on RV hypertrophy is unknown, we aimed to investigate whether (1) sex-specific patterns of RV remodeling exist in obesity and (2) LV diastolic dysfunction in obesity is related to RV hypertrophy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the impact of myocardial bridging (MB) on early development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy and long-term graft survival after heart transplantation.BACKGROUND: MB has been reported to be associated with acceleration of proximal plaque development and endothelial dysfunction in native coronary atherosclerosis. (stanford.edu)
  • Sudden cardiac death related to athletic competition is a rare but tragic event. (scienceopen.com)
  • The majority of sudden cardiac death events in athletes are due to ventricular arrhythmias as a result of underlying molecular and/or structural level pathologic substrate. (scienceopen.com)
  • In this article, we will review the physiologic cardiac adaptations to exercise along with arrhythmias seen in athletes with a focus on those commonly associated with sudden cardiac death. (scienceopen.com)
  • The occurrence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in an athlete is a tragic event that deeply affects family members, teammates, and at times, an entire community. (scienceopen.com)
  • Other causes of left ventricular stiffening include:[citation needed] Aortic stenosis of any cause where the ventricular muscle becomes hypertrophied, and thence stiff, as a result of the increased pressure load placed on it by the stenosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes left ventricular (LV) remodeling and increases the risk of aortic regurgitation (AR), which causes further heart damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aortic regurgitation (AR) can occur if diabetes causes left ventricular (LV) remodeling and increases the risk of degenerative aortic valve disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, because of progressive changes and myocardial hypertrophy in aortic stenosis, LVEF may be preserved until late in the disease despite decreasing stroke volumes and impaired contractility. (thoracickey.com)
  • It seems intuitively correct to monitor cardiac function to identify patients with worsening aortic stenosis, and measures of longitudinal cardiac function, evaluated by color Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) and 2D STE, seem especially appealing. (thoracickey.com)
  • Mitral regurgitation (MR) is incompetency of the mitral valve causing flow from the left ventricle (LV) into the left atrium during ventricular systole. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Since cardiovascular complications are leading cause of morbidity and mortality, this review aims to analyze cardiac and vascular involvement in ADPKD. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy also occurs frequently in these patients representing another powerful and independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in ADPKD. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Intracranial and extra cranial aneurysms and cardiac valvular defects are other common cardiovascular manifestations in patients with ADPKD. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heritable cardiovascular disorder and is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is unexplained by abnormal loading conditions. (mdpi.com)
  • In this report, we present large echocardiographic datasets of cardiac function in rats after myocardial infarction at two different time points (2 and 13 weeks). (biomed-data.eu)
  • Endothelial cells also are responsible for the production of E-selectin, which recruits lymphocytes into the tissue beneath the endothelium that subsequently release transforming growth factor beta, encouraging fibrosis and thus ventricular stiffening. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiac macrophages are thought to play an important role in the development of fibrosis as they are increased in HFpEF and release pro-fibrotic cytokines, such as IL-10. (wikipedia.org)
  • This increases interstitial myocardial fibrosis, causing ventricular stiffening and a decrease in diastolic filling. (geriatricfastfacts.com)
  • These results indicate that cardiac Hmox1 induction not only prevents heme toxicity, but also regulates the timing and registration of genetic programs for mitochondrial quality control that limit cell death, pathological remodeling, and cardiac fibrosis. (jci.org)
  • 9 The theory that a decrease in compliance and an increase in fibrosis is associated with the discovery of a higher incidence of MB, is supported by other studies in which there was a higher incidence of MB in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the hallmark of which is the development of myocardial fibrosis. (ecrjournal.com)
  • HFpEF is characterized by abnormal diastolic function: there is an increase in the stiffness of the left ventricle, which causes a decrease in left ventricular relaxation during diastole, with resultant increased pressure and/or impaired filling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conditions, such as hypertension, that encourage increased left ventricular afterload can lead to structural changes in the heart on a gross, as well as a microscopic level. (wikipedia.org)
  • Strength-based sporting activities (e.g., track and field throwing events, weightlifting, karate/judo, American football) result in a normal or slightly increased cardiac output, an increase in peripheral vascular resistance, and transient hypertension, imposing a significant pressure load on both the left ventricle and the right ventricle. (scienceopen.com)
  • When compensatory mechanisms can no longer maintain cardiac output at normal LV filling pressures, the disease process is expressed with symptoms that collectively compose the disease state known as chronic heart failure (CHF). (medscape.com)
  • A subvalvular apparatus, comprising of 2 papillary muscles (anterolateral and posteromedial), arise from the LV myocardium and the chordae tendineae, supporting the leaflets. (nih.gov)
  • Patients with HFpEF poorly tolerate stress, particularly hemodynamic alterations of ventricular loading or increased diastolic pressures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heart failure develops when the heart, via an abnormality of cardiac function (detectable or not), fails to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolizing tissues or is able to do so only with an elevated diastolic filling pressure. (medscape.com)
  • Unfortunately, the precise cause of death is frequently not determined definitively, but it is well accepted that the root cause frequently stems from ventricular arrhythmias as a result of an underlying molecular and/or structural level pathologic substrate. (scienceopen.com)
  • Conditions or diseases that affect IVS structure and function (e.g., hypertrophy, defects, other) may lead to ventricular pump failure and/or ventricular arrhythmias with grave consequences. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Previous hypothesis-driven experiments have highlighted the role of sex hormones on distinct inflammatory responses, mitochondrial proteins, extracellular remodeling and estrogen-mediated cardioprotective signaling pathways related to post-ischemic recovery, which were associated with better cardiac functional outcomes in females. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The major drawback of the former approach is that the excised heart might not accurately represent in vivo cardiac function, while the disadvantage of the latter method is that echocardiographic functional parameters are largely dependent on loading conditions (changes in preload or afterload). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It can therefore provide insight into the mechanical processes of normal and abnormal cardiac function during both contraction and relaxation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All alter the normal muscular function of the myocardium, which prompts varying degrees of physiologic compensation for that malfunction. (medscape.com)
  • This paper reviews current clinical applications and shows how torsion can give insights into LV mechanics and the influence of LV geometry and myocyte fiber architecture on cardiac function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Secondly, torsion is a useful and interesting index of cardiac performance which provides important information on myocardial mechanics that complements standard pump function indices. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Changes in cardiac structure, function, and strain in patients with T2DM who present with AR are not completely understood and are challenging to quantify. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At 48 h after the first injection pressure-volume analysis was carried out to assess left ventricular function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heart failure (see the images below) may be caused by myocardial failure but may also occur in the presence of near-normal cardiac function under conditions of high demand. (medscape.com)
  • Heart failure always causes circulatory failure, but the converse is not necessarily the case, because various noncardiac conditions (eg, hypovolemic shock, septic shock) can produce circulatory failure in the presence of normal, modestly impaired, or even supranormal cardiac function. (medscape.com)
  • Cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current gold standard for the assessment of cardiac anatomy and function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Right lateral (n = 24) and ventrodorsal (n = 20) thoracic radiographs from free-ranging Siberian weasels with clinically normal cardiac and pulmonary function were acquired and evaluated to determine the specific VHS for the Siberian weasel. (bvsalud.org)
  • The interventricular septum (IVS) accommodates the ventricular portion of the conduction system and contributes to the mechanical function of both ventricles. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • IVS contributes to normal left and right ventricular (LV and RV respectively) function, not only via its position and movement, but also through the regulation of RV and LV interaction (ventricular interdependence) [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • We present in addition measurements showing the degree of cardiac injury assessed by the area and weight of the scar tissue.These data represent the progressive nature of cardiac remodelling and could be used to build computational models to predict the development of heart function deterioration based on the extent of myocardial injury and the devel-opment of LV remodelling. (biomed-data.eu)
  • Taken together, CITED4 expression is necessary for exercise-induced regional remodeling of the heart's microstructural helicity revealing how a key molecular regulator of cardiac remodeling manifests into downstream local tissue-level changes. (researchgate.net)
  • Expression of transcription factor CITED4 is necessary for exercise-induced regional remodeling of the heart's microstructural helicity, revealing how a key molecular regulator of cardiac remodeling mediates local tissue-level changes. (researchgate.net)
  • The excess exertion that the left ventricle needs to perform causes eccentric left-ventricular hypertrophy and leads to pulmonary edema in severe cases. (doctorable.com)
  • Indeed, even sublethal mitochondrial damage can impair cardiac ATP provision and ventricular contraction. (jci.org)
  • In total, 215 patients with T2DM and 83 age- and sex-matched healthy controls who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance examination were included. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overview of Cardiac Valvular Disorders Any heart valve can become stenotic or insufficient (also termed regurgitant or incompetent), causing hemodynamic changes long before symptoms occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Both exercise-induced molecular mechanisms and physiological cardiac remodeling have been previously studied on a whole heart level. (researchgate.net)
  • Since that time there has been intense scientific interest in the study of cardiac adaptation to repetitive bouts of vigorous activity, athletic performance, and the pathophysiology of structural, functional, and electrical cardiac diseases in competitive athletes. (scienceopen.com)
  • In angiography, many factors play a role in the visualisation of the dynamic and phasic narrowing of the artery, namely, the length of the affected segment, the thickness of the myocardium, the orientation of the segment with respect to its surrounding myocardium and the observer's experience. (ecrjournal.com)
  • Torsion therefore describes the shear deformation undergone by the myocardium and is preferred to twist since, for the same torsion, the twist can be variable depending on heart length and diameter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This chest radiograph shows an enlarged cardiac silhouette and edema at the lung bases, signs of acute heart failure. (medscape.com)
  • Endurance-based sports activities (e.g., rowing, swimming, cycling, and long-distance running) result in sustained elevations in cardiac output and normal or decreased peripheral vascular resistance, and importantly, impose significant volume challenges to all cardiac chambers and vessels leading away from the heart. (scienceopen.com)
  • However, it typically only acquires a set of two-dimensional (2D) slices of the underlying three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the heart, thus limiting the understanding and analysis of both healthy and pathological cardiac morphology and physiology. (bvsalud.org)
  • believe that the stiffness and hypertrophy of the transplanted heart allow for better MB detection on angiography, due to the restrictive haemodynamic pattern that forms after the transplant. (ecrjournal.com)
  • Further studies are needed to correlate dosimetric findings with in-depth cardiac monitoring. (bvsalud.org)
  • Traditionally, gross cardiac anatomy has been described mainly based on the findings in the dissection suite. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Furthermore, a decrease in myocyte number, (but increase in myocyte size) leads to increased ventricular mass. (geriatricfastfacts.com)
  • Effective therapies can be provided in most cases, although definitions of underlying etiologies may not always be easy, particularly in the elderly due to overlap between genetic and acquired causes of IVS hypertrophy, the most common being IVS abnormality. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • citation needed] Ischemia, or inadequate oxygenation of the myocardium, is observed in a high proportion of HFpEF patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Cardiac senescence, or cellular deterioration that occurs as part of normal aging, closely resembles the manifestations of HFpEF. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is thought that increased pressure, in concert with a pro-inflammatory state (insulin resistance, obesity), encourage ventricular stiffening and remodeling that lead to poor cardiac output seen in HFpEF. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, normal-sized parameters for radiographic measures of the cardiac silhouette in Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) have not been determined. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this paper, we propose a novel fully automatic surface reconstruction pipeline capable of reconstructing multi-class 3D cardiac anatomy meshes from raw cine MRI acquisitions. (bvsalud.org)