Dural cranial sinuses. Medical search. Frequent questions

Traumatic dural sinus thrombosis is most commonly seen in patients with skull fractures that extend to a dural venous sinus or the jugular foramen. (medscape.com)
Cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis in Portugal: 1980-1998. (symptoma.com)
The working differential diagnosis for the patient included multiple sclerosis, vascular insult, diabetic neuropathy, intracranial mass, dural venous sinus thrombosis, and Lyme disease. (hindawi.com)
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare condition accounting for around 1% of brain strokes. (ulisboa.pt)
Over the last years there has been significant advancement in this field, particularly thanks to the undertaking of a prospective and multicentric study, the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis - ISCVT . (ulisboa.pt)
One patient developed a major stroke from venous sinus thrombosis after embolization. (bmj.com)
Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) was initially described by Bright in 1831 as a complication of epidural and subdural infections. (medscape.com)
Because of its complex neurovascular anatomic relationship, cavernous sinus thrombosis is the most important of any intracranial septic thrombosis. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] Cavernous sinus thrombosis is usually a late complication of an infection of the central face or paranasal sinuses. (medscape.com)
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is generally a fulminant process with high rates of morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)
Fortunately, the incidence of cavernous sinus thrombosis has been decreased greatly with the advent of effective antimicrobial agents. (medscape.com)
This intimate juxtaposition of veins, arteries, nerves, meninges, and paranasal sinuses accounts for the characteristic etiology and presentation of cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST). (medscape.com)
Occurrence of cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) has always been low, with only a few hundred case reports in the medical literature. (medscape.com)
Severe generalized fronto occipital headache, earache, nausea, vomiting, diplopia, sixth nerve palsy, loss of visual acuity, hemiparesis and picket fence fevers, were the major signs and symptoms described in cases of lateral sinus thrombosis before the advent of antibiotics(12,13). (arquivosdeorl.org.br)
In the absence of this, flow gap in the venous sinus, hypoplasia and aplasia of the transverse sinus may be mistaken for venous sinus thrombosis. (bizzieme.com)
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is amongst them, thus making it one of the main causes that need to be ruled in or out when a patient first presents to the ED with complaints of headache. (iem-student.org)
Septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus often results in the development of acute meningitis. (gov.gy)

However, patient would occasionally complain of transient numbness and tingling on the left side of her face, but no focal weakness or slurred speech was noted and cranial nerves were intact. (symptoma.com)
We report a case of 38-year-old man with Lyme disease presenting with simultaneous palsy of 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, and 10th cranial nerves. (hindawi.com)
Skull base dural reflections are complex, and along with various ligaments joining sutures of the skull base, are related to most important vessels like internal carotid arteries (ICA), vertebral arteries, jugular veins, cavernous sinus, and cranial nerves which make surgical approaches difficult and need thorough knowledge and anatomy for a safe dissection and satisfactory patient outcomes. (qxmd.com)
Frequent tight brain stem adherence as well as encasement of the basilar artery, its perforators and cranial nerves adds to the sometimes extreme difficulties of surgical tumour removal. (drashokhande.com)
Anatomy of cross section of cavernous sinus showing close proximity to cranial nerves and sphenoid sinus. (medscape.com)
The third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves are attached to the lateral wall of the sinus. (medscape.com)
The cranial nerve nuclei are a series of bilateral grey matter motor and sensory nuclei located in the midbrain , pons and medulla that are the collections of afferent and efferent cell bodies for many of the cranial nerves . (radiopaedia.org)
Other nuclei, however, are long and span several regions of the brainstem contributing to several cranial nerves. (radiopaedia.org)
The upper clivus and middle clivus are separated at the axial plane of the dural pori of the abducens nerve formed where the abducens nerves penetrate the dura. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
The middle clivus and lower clivus are separated by the axial plane of the dural glossopharyngeal meati, through which the glossopharyngeal nerves pass to enter the jugular foramen. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Cranial Nerves" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cranial Nerves" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cranial Nerves" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Cranial Nerves" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)
The lower cranial nerves include 9,10,11 and 12. (myneurosurg.com)

The dural venous sinuses lie between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater. (drashokhande.com)
Since meningiomas arise from the dura mater, sometimes the tumour can invade these dural sinuses making total tumour excision difficult. (drashokhande.com)
Each cavernous sinus is formed between layers of the dura mater, and multiple connections exist between the 2 sinuses. (medscape.com)
The craniosacral system is a semi-closed hydraulic system consisting of the brain and spinal cord encapsulated by the dura mater and dural tube with cerebrospinal fluid as its liquid. (vabeachmassagetherapist.com)
The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses , cerebral sinuses , or cranial sinuses ) are venous channels found between the endosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater in the brain. (bizzieme.com)
Venous sinus, in human anatomy, any of the channels of a branching complex sinus network that lies between layers of the dura mater, the outermost covering of the brain, and functions to collect oxygen-depleted blood. (bizzieme.com)

The superior orbital fissure connects directly to the cavernous sinus and the intracranial space. (medscape.com)
Presentation Occlusion of the cerebral veins or dural venous sinuses may present as a stroke syndrome, subarachnoid haemorrhage or as isolated raised intracranial pressure. (symptoma.com)
The cranial cavity is the space within the skull that accommodates the brain, It is known as intracranial space, It is the space formed inside the skull, It is formed by eight cranial bones. (online-sciences.com)
The inferior petrosal sinus courses along the intracranial surface of the petroclival fissure. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Intracranial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare disease, defined as anastomoses between cerebral or meningeal arteries and dural venous sinuses or cortical veins. (thejns.org)
After written consent, Cranial Computed Tomography (CT) was performed to exclude the intracranial pathology and revealed large intracranial extra-axial air collection extending to the vertex with no evidence of other intra-axial pathology. (peertechzpublications.org)
A crack in the superior wall of the ethmoidal sinus is noted arrow in Figure 2 and explains the formation of the intracranial air collection. (peertechzpublications.org)
However, due to the peculiar anatomic relationships, patients having an osteoma within the frontal, ethmoidal sinus can be exposed to serious orbital and intracranial complications [3]. (peertechzpublications.org)

The superficial veins at the dorsal parts of the hemispheres run upward and medially and empty into the large superior sagittal sinus in the upper margin of the falx cerebri. (wikipedia.org)
In its absence, the veins from the diencephalon and the basal ganglia drain laterally into the transverse sinus instead of conjoining in the midline through the Galenic drainage system. (wikipedia.org)
An angio-CT could display the filling defects due to occluded veins or dural sinuses. (ulisboa.pt)
Venous shunting occurs into the dural venous sinuses or directly into cortical or spinal veins. (bmj.com)
The cavernous sinuses receive venous blood from the facial veins (via the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins) as well as the sphenoid and middle cerebral veins. (medscape.com)
They, in turn, empty into the inferior petrosal sinuses, then into the internal jugular veins and the sigmoid sinuses via the superior petrosal sinuses. (medscape.com)
The foramen cecum sits between the frontal crest and the prominent crista galli and is a site of communication between the draining veins of the nasal cavity and the superior sagittal sinus. (medscape.com)
The straight sinus receives blood from the superior cerebellar veins and inferior sagittal sinus and drains into the confluence of sinuses . (bizzieme.com)
The veins empty into the frontal and parietal regions of the superior sagittal sinus. (bizzieme.com)
Unlike veins, these sinuses possess no muscular coat. (bizzieme.com)
CVT is the formation of a clot in the cerebral veins and the dural sinuses. (iem-student.org)
There are several connections between the veins of both systems and the sinuses. (iem-student.org)
Venous blood from cerebral veins drains into the major dural sinuses and the internal jugular vein. (iem-student.org)
Arterial blood rushes into the cavernous sinus, enlarging it and forcing retrograde blood flow into its venous tributaries, especially the ophthalmic veins. (gov.gy)
Streeter was chieﬂy concerned, however, with the dural sinuses as illustrative of fundamentals of the vascular apparatus dependent on changing factors in its environment (1918), and dealt only incidentally with the veins (and arteries) of the brain and extracranial parts. (edu.au)
Note the middle meningeal veins and artery (MM), superior petrosal sinus (SPS), draining vein (DV), optic nerve (CNII), and internal carotid artery (ICA) for reference. (acbjournal.org)
Schematic drawing of the bilateral venous sinuses of Kelch (asterisk) joining veins of the superior orbital fissure to the transverse sinus. (acbjournal.org)
It effectively unites the veins of the superior orbital fissure to the transverse sinus. (acbjournal.org)

The superior sagittal sinus divides into two parts called the transverse sinuses where the falx cerebri meets the tentorium cerebelli. (wikipedia.org)

Dural arteriovenous fistulae that affect the brain (BDAVF) arise from abnormal connections that develop between the blood supply tot he coverings of the cranial cavity (scalp, skull, dura) and the circulation that service the brain, two systems that communicate minimally under normal circumstances. (surgical-neurology.com)

Radical resection of meningiomas invading the major dural sinuses remains controversial. (drashokhande.com)

The space is bordered on its superior, medial, and inferior sides by the facial sinuses (frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid/maxillary, respectively). (medscape.com)
These sinuses are just lateral and superior to the sphenoid sinus and are immediately posterior to the optic chiasm, as depicted in the image below. (medscape.com)
Vascular lesions with an intraosseus nidus involving the skull base are uncommon and challenging [Gianoli GJ, Amedee RG Vascular malformation of the sphenoid sinus. (upmc.com)
1994)]. We present a pediatric patient, with a life-threatening arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the sphenoid sinus, clivus, and ventral skull base, who failed routine multimodality management of AVMs. (upmc.com)
The anterior clinoid processes and the planum sphenoidale, which forms the roof of the sphenoid sinus, mark the posterior limit. (medscape.com)
Anterior cranial fossa and body of the sphenoid. (medscape.com)
Osteomas are benign, slow-growing bone tumors, most commonly affecting the frontal and the ethmoidal sinuses, although the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses may also be involved. (peertechzpublications.org)
This case report highlights two cases of spontaneous CSF leaks associated with hyper-pneumatized petrous bone and sphenoid sinus. (springeropen.com)
A constellation of extensive pneumatization, arachnoid pits and empty sella plays a role in the pathogenesis of sphenoid sinus fistulae [ 3 ] apart from congenital skull base defects. (springeropen.com)
In this study, we wish to highlight the existence of spontaneous CSF leak as an entity associated with hyper-pneumatized petrous bone and sphenoid sinus. (springeropen.com)

Transvenous embolization of dural fistulas involving the transverse and sigmoid sinuses. (ajnr.org)
Eleven patients with dural fistulas involving the transverse and sigmoid sinuses were treated by transvenous embolization with coils or liquid adhesives. (ajnr.org)
It may anastomosis with the sigmoid sinuses and posterior internal vertebral plexus that drain into the torcular herophili. (bizzieme.com)

During the routine dissection of a male cadaver aged 75-year-old at death, a venous sinus ( Fig. 1 ) was identified traveling from the superior orbital fissure anteriorly, over the floor of the middle cranial fossa, over the petrous part of the temporal bone, to drain into the transverse sinus. (acbjournal.org)
The variant venous sinus was approximately 8 mm in width at its anterior and posterior extremes but was dilated to 1.2 cm as it crossed over the petrous part of the temporal bone. (acbjournal.org)

Skull base dural reflection models: tool for teaching neuroanatomy at resource-scarce centers. (qxmd.com)
Visual neuroanatomy of the inferior surface of dural reflections of the skull base is important for understanding neurovascular orientations of various structures entering or exiting the skull base. (qxmd.com)
Skull base dural reflections made up of glue are an inexpensive, reproducible item that may be used for teaching neuroanatomy. (qxmd.com)
1991), Malik GM, Mahmood A, Mehta BA Dural arteriovenous malformation of the skull base with intraosseous vascular nidus. (upmc.com)
The skull base forms the floor of the cranial cavity and separates the brain from other facial structures. (medscape.com)
The skull base can be subdivided into 3 regions: the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae. (medscape.com)
The anterior limit of the anterior skull base is the posterior wall of the frontal sinus. (medscape.com)
The frontal bone houses the supraorbital foramina, which, along with the frontal sinuses, form 2 important surgical landmarks during approaches involving the anterior skull base. (medscape.com)
The dural venous sinus of Kelch is a rare venous sinus of the skull base and one which has been infrequently reported. (acbjournal.org)
Imaging studies including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass involving the nasal cavity with extension through the skull base into the anterior cranial fossa. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
Further, presence of hyper-pneumatized paranasal sinuses or the skull base weakens the bone and predisposes to development of spontaneous defects and further fistulas. (springeropen.com)
Spontaneous CSF leaks may arise from defects in the skull base, in relation to the Tegmen tympani, Tegmen mastoideum, sigmoid sinus and posterior semicircular canal. (springeropen.com)

Flat tumors, termed en plaque, infiltrate the dura and grow as a thin carpet or sheet of tumor along the convexity dura, falx, or tentorium. (medscape.com)
This 3D print of a dissected and opened cranial cavity displays the dural folds and dural venous sinuses, including the falx cerebri (preserved by a retained midsagittal portion of the calvaria. (open-medis.com)
The occipital sinus is attached to the posterior margin of the falx cerebelli and receives tributaries from the margins of the foramen magnum. (bizzieme.com)
The inferior sagittal sinus courses along the inferior border of the falx cerebri, superior to the corpus callosum. (bizzieme.com)
The superior sagittal sinus is a midline vein without valves or tunica muscularis that courses along the falx cerebri, draining many of the cerebral structures surrounding it. (bizzieme.com)
The brain and part of the calvaria are removed to demonstrate the sinuses related to the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli skin care nz buy benzac with american express. (gov.gy)

The sigmoid sinus, which continues the transverse sinus, empties into the jugular vein at the jugular foramen. (wikipedia.org)
All the dural venous sinuses ultimately drain into the internal jugular vein and then to the heart. (drashokhande.com)
The transverse sinus is one of the dural venous sinuses and drains the superior sagittal sinus , the occipital sinus , and the straight sinus , and empties into the sigmoid sinus which in turn reaches the jugular bulb. (bizzieme.com)
The sigmoid sinus receives blood from the transverse sinuses, which track the posterior wall of the cranial cavity, travels inferiorly along the parietal bone, temporal bone and occipital bone, and converges with the inferior petrosal sinuses to form the internal jugular vein. (bizzieme.com)

It can present itself in less usual forms: cavernous sinus syndrome, thunderclap headache, multiple cranial nerve paralysis, migraine aura, pulsatile tinnitus. (ulisboa.pt)

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of the endovascular treatment of transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (TS_dAVF). (nih.gov)
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Trufill n-BCA) versus ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (ONYX) for the embolization of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF). (bmj.com)
Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF) are a protean group of lesions involving the meninges. (bmj.com)

The petro-occipital fissure subdivides the middle cranial fossa into 1 central component and 2 lateral components. (medscape.com)

Knowledge of the variant anatomy of the intradural venous sinuses is important to anatomists and clinicians alike. (acbjournal.org)

Arachnoid granulations, also known as Pacchionian granulations, are projections of the arachnoid membrane (villi) into the dural sinuses that allow CSF to pass from the subarachnoid space into the venous system. (bizzieme.com)
Because these venous channels are valveless, compression of the thorax, abdomen, or pelvis, as occurs during heavy coughing and straining, may force venous blood from these regions into the internal vertebral venous system and from it into the dural venous sinuses. (gov.gy)

The PTA offers a wide surgical corridor that can only be afforded by exposing the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, drilling the anterior clinoid process extradurally, dividing the distal dural ring, and fully mobilizing the oculomotor nerve, including often drilling the posterior clinoid process. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Surgical treatment of meningiomas next to venous sinuses is difficult because of their irregular growth patterns and infiltration into the venous sinuses, making gross total resection impossible in some patients. (drashokhande.com)
Seven patients underwent preoperative embolization of the external supply followed by direct surgical exposure of the sinus: liquid adhesives were used in four patients and coils in the remaining three. (ajnr.org)
Neurosurgical pathologies are a set of conditions that affect the brain, spinal cord, and cranial pairs requiring medical and surgical management. (bvsalud.org)

The optic nerve (cranial nerve [CN] II) enters the orbit with the ophthalmic artery through the optic canal. (medscape.com)
and the superior ophthalmic vein enter the cavernous sinus after exiting the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. (medscape.com)
The ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the fifth cranial nerve are embedded in the wall, as depicted in the image above. (medscape.com)
Anteriorly, the sinus communicated with the superior ophthalmic vein, which drained primarily into the cavernous sinus. (acbjournal.org)

This pattern of drainage is referred to a cortical venous hypertension and characterised the more dangerous 'high-grade' dural arteriovenous fistula. (surgical-neurology.com)

where does the confluence of sinuses drain? (bizzieme.com)
The confluence of sinuses (torcular herophili, or torcula) is the connecting point of the superior sagittal sinus , straight sinus , and occipital sinus . (bizzieme.com)

The posterior wall is thin and adjacent to the superior sagittal sinus and frontal lobe dura. (medscape.com)

Diagnosis requires confirmation of occlusion of a vein/dural sinus by brain imaging examination. (ulisboa.pt)
The T1 or T2-weighted images show signal change in the occluded dural sinus or vein, while with venous-MR blood flow cannot be seen inside the occluded vessels. (ulisboa.pt)
If the sinus is incompletely occluded or the adjacent drainage vein could not be dissected from tumour, subtotal resection of the tumour followed by SRS may be a good alternative treatment option. (drashokhande.com)
Is the superior sagittal sinus a vein? (bizzieme.com)
A posterior condylar emissary vein may also be present, passing through the condylar canal, connecting the sigmoid sinus with the suboccipital venous plexus. (gov.gy)

They pierce the arachnoid mater and the meningeal layer in the dura and drain into the cranial dural venous sinuses. (wikipedia.org)

Transvenous coil occlusion of the sinus segment with the adjacent dAVF site, eventually combined with transarterial occlusion of supplying arteries, is a very effective and well-tolerated treatment method. (nih.gov)
In selected patients, variations of these methods (e.g., sinus stenting, compartmental sinus occlusion) can be useful. (nih.gov)
Conclusion Initial angiographic occlusion (p=0.0004) and durable angiographic occlusion (p=0.0018) rates for embolization of cranial DAVF show a statistically significant higher efficacy with ONYX compared with n-BCA. (bmj.com)

The dural sinuses are grouped into the sagittal, lateral (including the transverse, sigmoid, and petrosal sinuses), and cavernous sinuses. (medscape.com)
The cavernous sinuses are irregularly shaped, trabeculated cavities located at the base of the skull. (medscape.com)
The cavernous sinuses are the most centrally located of the dural sinuses and lie on either side of the sella turcica. (medscape.com)
Since the cavernous sinuses receive blood via this distribution, infections of the face including the nose, tonsils, and orbits can spread easily by this route. (medscape.com)
How many cavernous sinuses are there? (bizzieme.com)
The two cavernous sinuses are connected to each other by anterior and posterior cavernous sinuses lying in front and behind the pituitary. (bizzieme.com)

The bony septa separating the orbit from the sinuses are thin and fenestrated, particularly in the medial orbital wall, where the lateral ethmoid bone, which also makes up the medial orbital wall, is particularly thin and porous and is named the lamina papyracea. (medscape.com)
The subsequent true cranial view is obtained and revealed the aforementioned air collection is transported to the parietal region (Figure 2), and bone window reformatting shows a well-defined macro-lobulated bony projection is seen extending from the anterior ethmoidal sinus projecting intracranially (Figure 3). (peertechzpublications.org)
Coronal images displayed on the bone window show a well-defined macro lobulated bony lesion is seen projecting intracranially from the anterior ethmoidal sinuses. (peertechzpublications.org)

Through the choroid plexus in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid is secreted in the cranial vault. (vabeachmassagetherapist.com)
Through the sagittal sinus along the midline of the head, the circulated cerebrospinal fluid is delivered into the bloodstream for elimination. (vabeachmassagetherapist.com)

Case 1 was a 50-year-old man who presented with recurrent epistaxis and was diagnosed with an olfactory neuroblastoma that extended from the nasal cavity to the anterior cranial base and infiltrated the right anterior cranial fossa. (thejns.org)
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare malignancy arising from epithelial tissues in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
3 Imaging studies often demonstrate extensive local invasive growth involving nasal cavity and ethmoid sinuses, with frequent spread into the orbit, calvarium, and anterior cranial fossa. (appliedradiationoncology.com)

What is hypoplastic left transverse sinus? (bizzieme.com)
Hypoplastic left transverse sinus is the most common anatomical variation in the present study. (bizzieme.com)
Hypoplastic left transverse sinus is more common in male compared to female. (bizzieme.com)

Roughly one sixth of patients are left with some degree of visual impairment, and one half have cranial nerve deficits. (medscape.com)

1 Arterial supply to these lesions is usually via dural and falcine arteries arising from the anterior or posterior circulation, with less common contribution from parenchymal arteries. (bmj.com)

Sixty percent of these infections develop from the direct spread of sinusitis, with the ethmoid sinus being the most commonly implicated owing to its thin and porous walls (lamina papyracea). (medscape.com)
Additionally, a suspicious focal dehiscence was observed in the right cribriform plate CSF pockets herniating into right ethmoid sinus. (springeropen.com)

The Neurosurgical Atlas collection presents the nuances of technique for complex cranial and spinal cord operations. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis as a complication of otogenic infection may still pose a serious threat that warrants immediate attention and care(1). (arquivosdeorl.org.br)
Large series of lateral sinus thrombophlebitis (LST) have been reported from South Africa(3,4) and Iran(5), where access to health care is limited, but LST is rarely seen in western developed countries(6-10). (arquivosdeorl.org.br)
The superficial system mainly drains into the superior sagittal sinus and the lateral sinus. (iem-student.org)

Basically, three theories have been advanced regarding the aetiopathogenesis of sinus osteoma: - traumatic, infective, and embryological. (peertechzpublications.org)

The present communication is the logical outcome of the author's companion study of the development of the cranial arteries in the human embryo (Padget, 1948, 1954). (edu.au)

Note, the frontal sinuses normally develop at the age of 8 years and are not fully developed until puberty. (medscape.com)

Osseous components and compartments of the cranial base. (medscape.com)

Pulsatile Tinnitus- resulting from the diversion of high-pressure oxygenated blood around the venous sinuses adjacent to the ear. (surgical-neurology.com)

The innermost part of the dura, the dural border cell layer, is composed of flattened Bulging of Diaphragma Sellae Pituitary tumors may extend superiorly through the aperture in the diaphragma sellae, or cause it to bulge. (gov.gy)
Less common etiologies include infection due to gas-forming organisms, mucoceles, tumors, congenital neuroenteric cysts, and dural defects. (peertechzpublications.org)
Osteomas of the paranasal sinuses are benign, often asymptomatic, tumors that progress very slowly. (peertechzpublications.org)

Sensory endings are more numerous in the dura along each side of the superior sagittal sinus and in the tentorium cerebelli than they are in the floor of the cranium. (gov.gy)

congenital neuroenteric cysts and dural defects may also cause pneumocephalus [1,2]. (peertechzpublications.org)

Anatomy19

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Thrombosis17

Nerves14

Dura mater6

Intracranial8

Veins18

Called the transverse1

Scalp1

Major dural sinuses1

Sphenoid10

Sigmoid sinuses3

Petrous part2

Skull base12

Falx6

Jugular4

Multiple cranial nerve1

Arteriovenous fistulas3

Middle crani1

Anatomy1

Venous system2

Surgical4

Ophthalmic4

Cortical1

Confluence of sinu2

Posterior wall1

Vein5

Meningeal1

Occlusion3

Cavernous sinuses6

Bony3

Cerebrospinal2

Nasal cavity3

Left transverse sinus3

Nerve Deficits1

Lesions1

Ethmoid sinus2

Spinal cord1

Lateral sinus3

Traumatic1

Arteries1

Frontal1

Osseous1

Pulsatile tinnitus1

Tumors3

Tentorium cerebelli1

Cysts1