• Surgical techniques currently being studied include: bone marrow stimulation osteochondral autograft transplantation osteochondral allograft transplantation autologous chondrocyte implantation cell-based (using chondrocytes or stem-cells) or acellular scaffolding Articular cartilage stem cell paste grafting is another technique in use and is undergoing continued investigation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Articular cartilage is a connective tissue overlying the ends of bones that provides smooth joint surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
  • The technique was devised in response to reports that many of the contemporary cartilage restoration procedures lead to the development of fibrocartilage, not true hyaline articular cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knowing that fibrocartilage was not as durable as articular cartilage and that its formation yielded only short term clinical benefits, Stone proposed his paste grafting as a means of regenerating hyaline-like cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hypothesis was that harvesting a mixture of articular cartilage and cancellous bone would combine pluripotent cells of the cancellous bone with cartilage extracellular matrix and growth factors and when exposed to continuous motion, hyaline-like cartilage would be stimulated to form. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Published descriptions of the articular cartilage stem cell paste grafting technique are readily available. (wikipedia.org)
  • The value of autologous osteochondral paste for in-vitro treatment of damage to articular cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has long been speculated that damage to the articular cartilage in the knee is a precipitating event leading to the accelerated onset of osteoarthritis. (medscape.com)
  • Although the etiology of full-thickness chondral defects in the knee is not well-defined and the clinical course is unpredictable, it appears that articular cartilage lesions (ACL) are often associated with pain and limited mobility followed by degenerative changes typical of osteoarthritis. (medscape.com)
  • Each year, more than 50 million people visit their doctors because of joint pain - half of them with a damage of the articular cartilage. (cartilage.org)
  • On this website, we focus only on articular cartilage repair treatments, which means the restoration of damaged hyaline cartilage in the joints. (cartilage.org)
  • Injury or trauma, including sports injuries or repetitive use of the joint Congenital abnormalities - abnormalities a person is born with (for instance misalignment) - that affect normal joint structure Hormonal or idiopathic disorders that affect bone and joint development, such as osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). (cartilage.org)
  • Many different strategies have been proposed as solutions for cartilage defects. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is the full-thickness defects that continue down to the subchondral bone which invariably progress in size and often lead to early osteoarthritis. (medscape.com)
  • [ 9 , 10 ] Arthroscopic techniques have reduced the morbidity of treatment methods for cartilage repair and allowed for early detection of chondral defects of the knee. (medscape.com)
  • Carticel is an autologous cellular product indicated for the repair of symptomatic cartilage defects of the femoral condyle (medial, lateral or trochlea), caused by acute or repetitive trauma, in patients who have had an inadequate response to a prior arthroscopic or other surgical repair procedure (e.g., debridement, microfracture, drilling/abrasion arthroplasty, or osteochondral allograft/autograft). (nih.gov)
  • Smaller defects in specific locations may be treated with enhanced bone marrow stimulating techniques, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), or osteochondral autograft transfer which may be completed through the arthroscope. (cartilage.org)
  • Injury to cartilage can lead to pain and stiffness and is the precursor to the development of osteoarthritis (degenerative joint arthritis). (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the early work of Pirdie and Insall, who combined open joint debridement with stimulation of the subchondral bone to treat osteoarthritis of the knee, a variety of techniques, most recently the arthroscope, have been developed. (medscape.com)
  • treatment of cartilage damage associated with generalized osteoarthritis. (nih.gov)
  • The prevalence of chondral injury in this series was 41% grade III (partial thickness involvement greater than 50% of the depth of cartilage) and 19.2% grade IV ( full thickness involvement down to exposed bone) lesions. (medscape.com)
  • The advent of the arthroscope not only led to a greater appreciation of the extent of cartilage lesions associated with various mechanisms of knee injury, but also provided an avenue for further treatment. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast to marrow stimulation and treatment techniques such as abrasion arthroplasty, drilling, or microfracture -- all of which populate the defect with pluripotential stem cells, the use of cultured autologous chondrocytes fills the defect with cells of a committed pathway to develop hyaline-like cartilage. (medscape.com)
  • The choice of procedures depends on the size and location of cartilage defect. (cartilage.org)
  • There are several types of new and modern procedures for cartilage repair and regeneration techniques that are designed to heal the cartilage by filling the cartilage defect (pothole) with repair tissue. (cartilage.org)
  • Compared to the cost of other complex cartilage restoration procedures, the cost of paste grafting is minimal. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5% of patients), derived from the STAR study include arthrofibrosis/joint adhesions, graft overgrowth, chondromalacia or chondrosis, cartilage injury, graft complication, meniscal lesion and graft delamination. (nih.gov)
  • People of all ages can suffer from cartilage complications, whether due to 'wear and tear' or injury. (cartilage.org)
  • There is also a chapter for conservative treatments options and rehabilitation after cartilage repair. (cartilage.org)
  • This site is not intended for people who suffers from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), gout, avascular necrosis (AVN), and cancer within bones, osteoporosis and other inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. (cartilage.org)
  • Despite a variety of techniques aimed at repair, no method has been successful at recreating the characteristics of normal hyaline cartilage, which can withstand the demands placed on the chondral surfaces within the knee. (medscape.com)
  • The ICRS would like to express a deep gratitude for this very generous contribution to the International Cartilage Repair Society and the respective patient community, making it possible to provide updated information about cartilage damage and cartilage repair technologies free of charge to all interested persons. (cartilage.org)
  • Histologically, 42 of 66 (63.6%) of biopsies showed strong evidence of replacement of their articular surface, and 18 of 66 biopsies (27.3%) showed development of normal looking hyaline cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are several types of bone and joint pain, each with many potential sources or etiologies. (cartilage.org)
  • Careers requiring repetitive or intense motion can increase the risk of developing cartilage problems, but there are several other risk factors, including age, weight and genetic predisposition. (cartilage.org)
  • Cartilage repair techniques are the current focus of large amounts of research. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carticel should not be used in patients who have previously had cancer in the bones, cartilage, fat or muscle of the treated limb. (nih.gov)