Drugs general anesthetic anesthetic enflurane. Medical search. Frequent questions

Triggering Agents According to the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States (MHAUS), the following agents approved for use in the U.S. are known triggers of MH: inhaled general anesthetics, halothane, desflurane, enflurane, ether, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and succinylcholine. (wren-clothing.com)
General anesthetic drugs given by inhalation (volatile gases and liquids), the most important of which are N2O, halothane, enflurane, methoxyflurane, and isoflurane. (knoowy.com)
The Ohio team also was the first to synthesize enflurane, isoflurane and desflurane. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
This created a demand for inhalation anesthetics that both acted and wore off more quickly than did enflurane and isoflurane, the commonly used inhalation anesthetics at the time. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
Segment growth is attributed to wide adoption of isoflurane owing to its cost-effectiveness in comparison with other anesthetics. (gminsights.com)
InterviewAnswers by Any resident in Anesthesiology … Ans:b, 64.Which of the following anesthetic agent sensitizes the heart to adrenaline c) Propofur a)1% a)Isoflurane Anesthesiologist : An anesthesiologist is a doctor that completed medical school, a four-year residency program, and often a one-year subspecialty fellowship. (usiad.net)
Enflurane is a structural isomer of isoflurane. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Isoflurane , sold under the trade name Forane among others, is a general anesthetic . (mdwiki.org)
Animal studies have raised safety concerns of certain general anesthetics, in particular ketamine and isoflurane, in young children. (mdwiki.org)
General anaesthesia with isoflurane reduces plasma endocannabinoid AEA concentrations, and this could be a consequence of stress reduction after loss of consciousness . (mdwiki.org)
The volatile anesthetic isoflurane differentially inhibits glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis by reducing presynaptic Ca 2+ influx without affecting the Ca 2+ -exocytosis relationship, but its effects on dopaminergic exocytosis are unclear. (eneuro.org)
Isoflurane, a widely used volatile anesthetic, inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels and differentially inhibits synaptic vesicle exocytosis depending on neurotransmitter phenotype. (eneuro.org)
These findings provide a synaptic mechanism for the observed role of reduced dopamine release in anesthetic-induced unconsciousness and implicate presynaptic Ca 2+ channels of dopaminergic neurons as important targets of isoflurane. (eneuro.org)
Volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane modulate synaptic and extrasynaptic neurotransmission through multiple postsynaptic targets, primarily by potentiating inhibitory GABA A receptors and depressing excitatory glutamatergic transmission via ionotropic glutamate receptors ( Rudolph and Antkowiak, 2004 ). (eneuro.org)
Several studies have demonstrated that nitrous oxide decreases the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of the halogenated anesthetics halothane, 1,2 isoflurane, 3,4 and sevoflurane 5 in a linear additive manner. (asahq.org)
ISOFLURANE is a widely used general anesthetic that is well suited for rapid induction and recovery because of its pharmacokinetic properties and relative level of safety. (silverchair.com)

Cyclopropane and halothane anesthetics increase cardiac autonomic irritability. (nih.gov)
Together with enflurane and halothane , it replaced the flammable ethers used in the pioneer days of surgery . (mdwiki.org)

Sevoflurane, an agent inhaled for general anesthesia, was first synthesized by two separate research teams in the 1960s. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
Unlike some earlier inhalation anesthetics, sevoflurane does not impact the ozone layer. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
Sevoflurane should not be used in patients with a history of confirmed hepatitis due to a halogenated inhalational anesthetic or a history of unexplained moderate to severe hepatic dysfunction with jaundice, fever and eosinophilia after anaesthesia with sevoflurane. (medicines.org.uk)
Sevoflurane is contraindicated in patients in whom general anesthesia is contraindicated. (medicines.org.uk)
Sevoflurane should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anaesthesia. (medicines.org.uk)

Because it brings about anesthesia faster than desflurane, and is less irritating to the respiratory tract, it has become one of the most frequently used anesthetics worldwide. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
Desflurane is a volatile, non-flammable and non-explosive agent extensively used in maintenance of general anesthesia. (gminsights.com)
Eskander JP, Cornett EM, Stuker W, Fox CJ, Breehl M. The combination of sugammadex and desflurane may increase the risk of bronchospasm during general anesthesia. (ucdenver.edu)

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract. (curehunter.com)
Ironically, I soon discovered that the anesthetic gases I use every day are some of the most potent greenhouse gases on the planet. (airwayjedi.com)
We are often less compulsive about avoiding exposure to ourselves, or even our Operating Room colleagues to waste anesthetic gases. (airwayjedi.com)
Waste Anesthesia Gases are the anesthetic gases and vapors that leak into the surrounding room from the patient's anesthetic breathing circuit during medical procedures. (airwayjedi.com)
Our goal is to minimize exposure to these waste anesthetic gases to less than 2 parts per million of the halogenated agents and less than 25 parts per million of nitrous oxide. (airwayjedi.com)
Exposure to high concentrations of waste anesthetic gases - even for a short time - may cause difficulties in judgment, loss of coordination, impaired manual dexterity, drowsiness, headache, irritability, fatigue, and nausea. (airwayjedi.com)
It turns out that being incautious with waste anesthetic gases in our anesthetic practice can also significantly impact greenhouse gas emissions and therefore climate. (airwayjedi.com)
Anesthetic machines are medical equipment used in hospitals and clinics to deliver anesthetic gases to a patient. (kalstein.africa)

Fluorinated compounds, such as methoxyflurane and enflurane, are nephrotoxic and should be avoided in patients with CKD. (medscape.com)
Higher fluoride concentrations with enflurane & methoxyflurane are seen when compared to non-obese patients. (medicine-handbook.com)

and inspired and exhaled concentrations of oxygen and applicable anesthetic agents. (medscape.com)
C. elegans is immobilized by volatile anesthetics only at high concentrations and with an unusually slow time course. (silverchair.com)
After steady state end-tidal anesthetic concentrations were maintained for at least 10 min, laryngoscopy and intubation were attempted using a straight-blade laryngoscope and an uncuffed tracheal tube. (asahq.org)

Patients undergoing general anesthesia often cannot maintain their own airway and breathe on their own. (wikidoc.org)
Although i-gel and propofol with neuromuscular blocking agents are commonly used in patients undergoing general anesthesia, few studies have explored the appropriate induction dose of propofol that provides an adequate depth of anesthesia and hemodynamic stability in paralyzed patients for i-gel insertion. (ekja.org)

While usually administered with inhalational agents, general anesthesia can be achieved with intravenous agents, such as propofol . (wikidoc.org)
However, propofol is thought to produce its sedative/anesthetic effects by the positive modulation of the inhibitory function of the neurotransmitter GABA through the ligand-gated GABA A receptors. (guidelinecentral.com)
Propofol, the most commonly used intravenous anesthetic, is preferred for SAD insertion and ambulatory surgery using SADs due to its depressant effect on airway reflexes and its antiemetic effect [ 5 ]. (ekja.org)
It is usually used to maintain a state of general anesthesia that has been induced by another drug, such as thiopentone or propofol . (mdwiki.org)

The scope of activities during the preoperative phase includes the establishment of the patient's baseline assessment in the clinical setting or at home, carrying out preoperative interview and preparing the patient for the anesthetic to be given and the surgery. (rnpedia.com)
Anesthesia providers are responsible for assessing all factors that influence a patient's medical condition and selecting the optimal anesthetic technique accordingly. (medscape.com)
We are concerned that such recommendations will result in patients undergoing endovascular treatment without consideration of the effects of specific anesthetic agents and anesthetic dose, and without appropriate critical consideration of the individual patient's issues. (bmj.com)
Assess each patient's risk prior to prescribing oxycodone/acetaminophen, and monitor all patients regularly for the development of these behaviors or conditions .Opioid Analgesic Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS)To ensure that the benefits of opioid analgesics outweigh the risks of addiction, abuse and misuse, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required a REMS for these products. (drugs.com)

Deep sedation /analgesia: "Drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposefully following repeated or painful stimulation. (wikidoc.org)
Moderate sedation/analgesia or conscious sedation: "Drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. (wikidoc.org)
Minimal sedation or anxiolysis: "Drug-induced state during which patients respond normally to verbal commands. (wikidoc.org)
The level of anesthesia achieved ranges on a continuum of depth of consciousness from minimal sedation to general anesthesia. (wikidoc.org)
DIPRIVAN is an intravenous general anesthetic and sedation drug for use in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation. (guidelinecentral.com)
General macGeneral Anesthesia affects your entire body and may sometimes be referred to as "deep sedation" in the anesthesia world. (aa-pc.com)
General anesthesia (GA) is the state produced when a patient receives medications for amnesia, analgesia, muscle paralysis, and sedation. (medscape.com)

Enflurane (2-chloro-1,1,2,-trifluoroethyl-difluomethyl ether)is a halogenated ether that was commonly used for inhalational anesthesia during the 1970s and 1980s. (the-medical-dictionary.com)

General anesthetic drugs can be administered by inhalation and intravenously. (knoowy.com)
Group A (n=30) received 40mcg/kg granisetron intravenously, group B (n=30) received 80mcg/kg ondansetron intravenously and group C (n=30) received 5 ml of normal saline by the same route 2 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia. (ispub.com)
Drugs are administered systemically either intravenously or as an inhaled gas causing the patient to lose consciousness. (aa-pc.com)
This may be as simple as needles and syringes, if the drugs are to be administered entirely intravenously. (medscape.com)

Conclusions Our data support the notion that anesthetic techniques and associated physiology used in EMAIS are not homogeneous, making any statements about the effects of generic GA in stroke ambiguous. (bmj.com)

As with other rapidly acting intravenous anesthetic agents, the half-time of the blood-brain equilibration is approximately 1 minute to 3 minutes, accounting for the rate of induction of anesthesia. (guidelinecentral.com)
In addition, the function of cholinesterase, an enzyme responsible for breaking down certain anesthetic agents, may be impaired, resulting in prolonged respiratory muscle paralysis if neuromuscular blocking agents are used. (medscape.com)
Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. (lookformedical.com)
General anesthesia uses intravenous and inhaled agents to allow adequate surgical access to the operative site. (medscape.com)
Anesthesia support is needed if inhaled anesthetic agents are considered for refractory severe intubated status asthmaticus. (medscape.com)
Several measures of potency have been used to study the interaction between anesthetic agents. (asahq.org)
4 General anesthetic agents primarily target γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptors and enhance inhibitory neurotransmission. (silverchair.com)

Volatile anesthetics and/or succinylcholine cause a rise in the myoplasmic calcium concentration in susceptible patients, resulting in persistent muscle contraction. (your-doctor.net)

Anesthetic procedure was standardized for all patients. (ispub.com)
The patient will also often have to be prepared mentally for the anesthetic, and this often involves explaining what the anesthetic will do and soothing any anxieties they may feel towards the procedure. (usiad.net)
Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space. (lookformedical.com)
Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord. (lookformedical.com)

Moreover, benefits of inhalation anesthetics over injectable anesthetics will further stimulate inhalation anesthesia business growth. (gminsights.com)
However, several adverse effects of anesthetics may impede inhalation anesthesia industry growth over the analysis timeframe. (gminsights.com)

1% of an anesthetic gas equals 10,000 parts per million. (airwayjedi.com)

Regional block resulting from an injection of a large volume of local anesthetic into the epidural space . (wikidoc.org)
b) Enflurane d) Renal failure, 75.The activity of muscles of eyeball during ether anaesthesia is well marked d) Cocaine, 28.Epidural analgesia is suitable for e) 10th, 49.Cauda Equina syndrome can be caused by * i was wondering if while i was going through the studies for becoming an anesthesiologist if i could be come an ob/gyn along the way. (usiad.net)
A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth. (lookformedical.com)

General anesthesia is a condition characterized by loss of perception of all sensations due to drug induction. (knoowy.com)
Induction of anesthesia necessitates higher concentration of drug as compared to the amount required for maintenance, thus increasing the demand for inhalation anesthetics. (gminsights.com)
Induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia in adults and children. (medicines.org.uk)

Thus, growing demand for inhalation anesthetics during surgeries will favour business growth. (gminsights.com)
Segment growth is attributed to increasing demand for inhalation anesthetics due to airway safety airway and fast recovery as compared to injectable anesthetics. (gminsights.com)

THE interaction between nitrous oxide and halogenated anesthetics has been studied extensively in the last four decades. (asahq.org)

By the 1980s, getting new drugs approved had become a very expensive, multi-stage process. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)

While traditionally administered as a single injection, newer techniques involve placement of indwelling catheters for continuous or intermittent administration of local anesthetics. (wikidoc.org)

5 This biologic diversity of target proteins makes strict predictions of anesthetic sensitivity difficult, particularly across brain regions. (silverchair.com)

Other volatile anesthetics were also tested for some behaviors. (silverchair.com)
Volatile anesthetics selectively disrupt C. elegans behavior. (silverchair.com)
VOLATILE anesthetics affect the function of multiple ligand and voltage-gated ion channels essential for proper metazoan nervous system function (reviewed in Franks and Lieb [1] and in Pocock and Richards [2] ). (silverchair.com)
Volatile anesthetics affect neuronal signaling by poorly understood mechanisms. (eneuro.org)

Clinically, enflurane produces a dose-related depression of myocardial contractility with an associated decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
If concomitant use of ondansetron with other serotonergic drugs is clinically warranted, patients should be made aware of a potential increased risk for serotonin syndrome. (nih.gov)

d) Used in hypotension, 69.Intubation dose of pancuronium is b) Purple c) Blurring of vision c) Mackintosh extradural space indicator An anesthesiologist is a specialist that has the responsibility of interviewing a patient in other to detect if there was a preexisting illness, and he also prescribes drug to the patient. (usiad.net)

Anesthesiologists administer this drug immediately if they suspect malignant hyperthermia. (wren-clothing.com)
What drugs should be avoided in malignant hyperthermia? (wren-clothing.com)
Malignant hyperthermia is when certain kinds of anesthetics (or sometimes intense exercise or high air temperature) cause hyperthermia. (wren-clothing.com)
An array of routine and emergency drugs, including Dantrolene sodium (the specific treatment for malignant hyperthermia), airway management equipment, a cardiac defibrillator, and a recovery room staffed by properly trained individuals completes the picture. (medscape.com)
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) can develop after receiving general anesthesia. (your-doctor.net)
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a hereditary, life-threatening, hypermetabolic acute disorder, developing during or after receiving general anesthesia. (your-doctor.net)

Jevtovic-Todorovic V. Detrimental effects of general anaesthesia on young primates: are we closer to understanding the link? (ucdenver.edu)

Its name comes from being a structural isomer of enflurane, hence they have the same empirical formula . (mdwiki.org)
The affected nervous system molecules may express structural motifs similar to those on vertebrate anesthetic targets. (silverchair.com)

Preoperative identification of patients with reactive airways is important in planning a rational approach for anesthetic care. (isanagpur.org)

Mortality attributable to general anesthesia is said to occur at rates of less than 1:100,000. (medscape.com)

Patients with liver disease are at particularly high risk for morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period due to both the stress of surgery and the effects of general anesthesia . (medscape.com)
A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. (ucdenver.edu)
The potency, time course, and recovery characteristics of halothane's effects on three behaviors are similar to its anesthetic properties in vertebrates. (silverchair.com)
Either one or some combination of these molecular perturbations presumably contributes to the mixture of behavioral effects called general anesthesia. (silverchair.com)
Like many anesthetics, etomidate is known to potentiate GABA(A) receptors, but little is known about the effects on sensory processing at the systems level. (uni-bielefeld.de)
A better understanding is necessary for experimental studies of sensory processing, in particular regarding possible effects on the dynamic structure of excitatory and inhibitory receptive fields and to improve the knowledge of the mechanisms of anesthesia in general. (uni-bielefeld.de)
However, anesthetics have additional effects on voltage-gated ion channels, enzymes, and other ligand-gated channels. (silverchair.com)

The administration of general anesthesia may induce a reduction in renal blood flow in up to 50% of patients, resulting in the impaired excretion of nephrotoxic drugs. (medscape.com)

Neonatal general anesthesia causes lasting alterations in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the ventrobasal thalamus of adolescent female rats. (ucdenver.edu)
8) The drug is well tolerated by the patients and does not produce any inhibitory or soporific action. (comparewords.com)

General anesthetics consist of a heterogeneous group of chemical compounds which reversibly depress the CNS with nearly the same spectrum and can be controlled. (knoowy.com)

The period of emergence from general anesthesia , where different elements of consciousness return at different rates. (lookformedical.com)
Activation of central dopaminergic pathways has been implicated in emergence from general anesthesia. (eneuro.org)

The mechanism of action, like all general anesthetics, is poorly understood. (guidelinecentral.com)

General anesthesia: "Drug-induced loss of consciousness during which patients are not arousable, even by painful stimulation. (wikidoc.org)

Medical Pharmacology Chapter 14: General Anesthesia Practice Questions. (usiad.net)
We hypothesized that significant variation in anesthetic practice comprises GA, and that outcome differences among types of GA would arise. (bmj.com)

The Role of Free Oxygen Radicals in Lasting Hyperexcitability of Rat Subicular Neurons After Exposure to General Anesthesia During Brain Development. (ucdenver.edu)
The drugs were given for 4 hours within 100 % oxygen at a rate of 6 L.min-1. (bvsalud.org)

Background Many authors have reported that general anesthesia (GA), as a generic and uncharacterized therapy, is contraindicated for patients undergoing endovascular management of acute ischemic stroke (EMAIS). (bmj.com)

Another definition is a "reversible lack of awareness", whether this is a total lack of awareness (e.g. a general anaesthestic) or a lack of awareness of a part of a the body such as a spinal anaesthetic or another nerve block would cause. (wikidoc.org)
Refers to a Regional block resulting from a small volume of local anesthetics being injected into the spinal canal . (wikidoc.org)

del Olmo et al compared 135 patients with cirrhosis with 86 patients without cirrhosis, all undergoing nonhepatic general surgery. (medscape.com)
1] In addition, drugs normally excreted by the kidney can accumulate to toxic levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (medscape.com)
Therefore, adjusting dosages or avoiding such drugs, including iodinated contrast in high-risk patients, is a key management principle in patients with CKD. (medscape.com)
Significant perturbations in this intricate system can occur in severely ill patients when tubes are placed into the lung or across sphincters, when various drugs are used, when other organ systems fail, or when the severity of the initial insult and concomitant inflammatory response causes teleologically advantageous responses to contribute to the demise of the host. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Anesthesiologist has to be selective regarding the choice of anesthesia technique and the use of drugs in these patients to avoid the provocation of bronchospasm and other airway related complications and if it occurs should recognize and manage appropriately. (isanagpur.org)
11) Toxicological urine analysis for drugs--directed mainly at soporifics, sedatives, tranquilizers, and pain-relievers--on 84 patients involved in industrial accidents yielded the following results. (comparewords.com)

Lunardi N, Oklopcic A, Prillaman M, Erisir A, Jevtovic-Todorovic V. Early Exposure to General Anesthesia Disrupts Spatial Organization of Presynaptic Vesicles in Nerve Terminals of the Developing Rat Subiculum. (ucdenver.edu)

Despite their medical importance, the mechanisms of action of general anesthetics have not been fully elucidated. (eneuro.org)
It is therefore critical to identify the anesthetic mechanisms relevant for both their on-target and off-target actions, with the ultimate goals of designing safer and more selective anesthetics and of using currently available anesthetics in a rational mechanism-based manner to maximize therapeutic ratio. (eneuro.org)

It possesses an analgesic property that all modern anesthetics lack and is short acting, with quick onset and offset of action. (wren-clothing.com)
Under the requirements of the REMS, drug companies with approved opioid analgesic products must make REMS-compliant education programs available to healthcare providers. (drugs.com)

A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent. (lookformedical.com)
Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body. (lookformedical.com)
Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream. (lookformedical.com)

Convinced of Sevoflurane's advantages over other inhalation anesthetics, Maruishi partnered with Abbott in the U.S. to advance testing here and prepare the agent for FDA approval. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
Despite the risk of gastric insufflation and regurgitation, SADs have advantages over tracheal intubation, including a decreased incidence of postoperative sore throat and coughing, improved hemodynamic stability, and reduced anesthetic requirements [ 4 ]. (ekja.org)
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offers many advantages as a model organism for studying volatile anesthetic actions. (silverchair.com)

Beyond this, some equipment is needed to deliver the anesthetic agent. (medscape.com)

It would also be prudent to evaluate whether diseases with a large number of high-scoring predictions are the same diseases which had a large number of input disease-drug connections (which is certainly true in epilepsy). (github.io)
I believe it is important for drug-predictions within a given disease to be evaluated by an appropriate clinical specialists. (github.io)
I personally find it extremely difficult to evaluate drug predictions for non-neurologic diseases, I would estimate it requires 10x more time for me to research and evaluate each prediction in a non-neurologic disease. (github.io)
The top 100 drug predictions for epielpsy were reviewed (henceforth called "predicted" drugs). (github.io)

Avoid extravasation of LEVOPHED into the tissues, as local necrosis might ensue due to the vasoconstrictive action of the drug. (nih.gov)
c) Weaker solution of local anesthetic How do you prioritize your work? (usiad.net)

The most common causes of advanced liver disease are chronic viral infections ( hepatitis C [HCV] and B [HBV]), alcohol abuse , NAFLD/NASH , autoimmune disease, drugs or toxins, metabolic disorders (eg, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency , hemochromatosis , and Wilson disease ), and biliary tract diseases. (medscape.com)

It includes gathering history of previous anesthetics, and any other medical problems, physical examination, ordering required blood work and consultations prior to surgery. (wikidoc.org)
The published studies did … d) Amefhocaine, 26.The site of action of an intra thecal narcotics is the College, 4 years + Medical school, 4 years + General internship, 1 year + specialized residency, 3 years + (optional) further fellowship. (usiad.net)
Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs . (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Knowledgeable and honest personal health information given to the anesthesia professional are critical to patient safety in this evaluation as medical history, drug and other allergies, current medications as well as illegal drug use, alcohol and tobacco use are all factors in determining challenges to certain anesthesia. (aa-pc.com)
Anesthesia machines are medical equipment that guarantee the supply of an exact amount of anesthetic gas to a patient during a surgical process, with the aim that their health is not compromised. (kalstein.africa)

Anatomy5

Organisms4

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs80

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes11

Disciplines and Occupations2

Health Care2

Isoflurane16

Halothane2

Sevoflurane5

Desflurane3

Gases8

Methoxyflurane2

Concentrations3

Undergoing general anesthesia2

Propofol4

Patient's4

Sedation7

Inhalational1

Intravenously4

Physiology1

Agents7

Succinylcholine1

Procedure4

Inhalation anesthesia2

10,0001

Epidural3

Induction3

Demand for inhalation anesthetics2

Nitrous oxide1

1980s1

Continuous or intermittent administration1

Sensitivity1

Volatile anesthetics4

Clinically2

Dose1

Malignant hyperthermia6

Anaesthesia1

Structural2

Preoperative1

Attributable1

Effects7

Renal1

Inhibitory2

Compounds1

Emergence from general2

Poorly understood1

Loss of consciousn1

Practice2

Oxygen2

Acute1

Spinal2

Patients6

Exposure1

Mechanisms2

Analgesic2

Injection3

Advantages3

Agent1

Predictions4

Local2

Hepatitis1

Medical5