Drugs 1991 availability of heroin heroin. Medical search. Frequent questions

For almost a century, the central component of U.S. illicit drug policy has been a legal structure under which the medical and scientific uses of opiates, cocaine, and other controlled drugs are tightly restricted and the production and distribution of these drugs for nonmedical and nonscientific uses are prohibited. (nationalacademies.org)
The most commonly used drugs were cocaine (19.0%) and crack-cocaine (15.0%), followed by amphetamines (11.0%), alcohol, caffeine, barbiturates and benzodiazepines (10.0% each). (who.int)
However, within the context of the crack cocaine epidemic in the 1980s, it was very difficult to implement any programs that appeared to "condone" drug use. (springer.com)
They discovered ten balloons of heroin and one of cocaine. (prisonlegalnews.org)
In our threat assessment we have cocaine and heroin as a high priority, and because it's cyber-enabled that makes it even more of a high priority. (mytordarknetmarket.com)
Even if marijuana itself causes minimal harm, it is a dangerous substance because it leads to the use of " harder drugs" like LSD, heroin, and cocaine. (termpaperaccess.com)
In 1991, US Customs agents look on helplessly as Mexican soldiers shoot and kill seven drug agents waiting to ambush the crew of a cocaine-laden plane. (jerrymeldon.com)
Nation's Mayors Take a Stand for Harm Reduction," "And the Winner of the War on Meth is…Cocaine," "Our Drug War Alliances in South America Are Crumbling," "Trained Pigeons That Smuggle Drugs and Cell Phones Into Prison," "They're Drug Testing Our Sewage," "Don Imus: Critic of Racial Profiling? (stopthedrugwar.org)
Women planning to become pregnant should avoid all alcohol consumption, smoking, and use of illegal drugs (eg, cocaine) before and during the pregnancy, because these activities may have serious deleterious effects on the fetus. (medscape.com)

Inadvertent administration of opioid agonist/antagonist drugs can also precipitate AS by an entirely different mechanism [opioids displaced from receptors]. (druglibrary.net)
Opioids are a class of drugs that include the illegal drug heroin, synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, and pain relievers available legally by prescription, such as oxycodone (OxyContin®), hydrocodone (Vicodin®), codeine, morphine, to mention a few. (educatesimplifyapp.com)
2018). Prescription Opioids and Heroin: Increased drug availability is associated with increased use and overdose . (myonlinenursingpapers.com)
The widespread availability of these potent painkillers led to an increase in the non-medical use of prescription opioids, often resulting in addiction. (leafydoc.com)
The situation was further exacerbated as people became addicted to prescription opioids and turned to cheaper, more accessible alternatives, such as heroin and illicitly manufactured fentanyl. (leafydoc.com)
One of the most common and primarily abused prescription drugs by people is opioids. (scottsdalerecovery.com)
While natural opioids such as morphine and heroin are derived from poppy, which is opium, synthetic ones like carfentanil and fentanyl are produced in illicit labs. (scottsdalerecovery.com)
The history of opioids dates way back to the 1800s when the drugs were used solely as painkillers and to help people feel relieved from the stress. (scottsdalerecovery.com)
1920 to 1950 - To avoid problems related to addiction and opioids, the drugs are only prescribed to patients with acute pain rather than chronic pain. (scottsdalerecovery.com)
The first wave began in 1991 when opioid-related deaths increased due to the rise in prescriptions of opioids and related medications for the treatment of pain. (scottsdalerecovery.com)
They said how many pain drugs are opioids, like heroin. (cdc.gov)

While related to opium, Polish heroin more nearly resembles poppy tea in its impurity, but can be very potent. (wikipedia.org)
The Narcotics Control Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security handles all criminal investigations involving opium, heroin, and methamphetamine. (bezpiecznieipewnie.com)
And yet the Taliban last year could earn a hundred million dollars from the opium trade, and there's not a single drug free high school in our country. (stopthedrugwar.org)
The US and European Union are threatening to stop helping Iran fight to stem the tide of Afghan opium and heroin -- heroin destined not only for the Islamic republics but also for the veins of users in places like Berlin and London. (stopthedrugwar.org)

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2021), European Drug Report 2021: Trends and Developments , Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. (drugpolicyfacts.org)
Among first-time clients entering specialised drug treatment in 2021, or most recent year available, with heroin as their primary drug, 19% (down from 38% in 2013) reported injecting as their main route of administration. (drugpolicyfacts.org)
At Marcus Garvey park in the summer of 2021, in the aftermath of the COVID-19 epidemic, residents in Harlem gathered in protest to contest the placement of drug-related services at what is perceived to be an unsubstantiated rate and an overwhelming presence of treatment facilities, including methadone clinics and new safe injection sites. (narcotic-archive.org)

In 2001, intravenous heroin users accounted for 70.9 percent of the confirmed 22,000 human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome cases. (bezpiecznieipewnie.com)
It was 58.51 percent in 1991 and 69.95 percent in 2001, representing an increase of 11.44 percent points over the previous ten years. (nititantra.com)
The male literacy rate rose from 65.66 percent in 1991 to 75.63 percent in 2001, while the female literacy rate rose from 50.4% to 63.55 percent. (nititantra.com)
The literacy gap between rural and urban areas has narrowed, from 19.31 percent in 1991 to 13.97 percent in 2001. (nititantra.com)
Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to measure the effect (and interactions) of population-group (Arabs and Jews), time-period (Period1: 1991-2000, Period2: 2001-2009, Period3: 2010-2016) and sex, on average length of stay (LOS), annual number of hospitalizations and hospitalization days. (bvsalud.org)

This drug was also considered by Eastern Bloc addicts to be one of last resort when refined heroin, morphine, or other similar drugs were unavailable, as was often the case during the 1950s through the end of the Soviet era. (wikipedia.org)
Polish heroin contains diacetylmorphine (heroin), 6-monoacetylmorphine (active metabolite of heroin), 3-monoacetylmorphine (less-active metabolite of heroin), morphine and small amounts of codeine. (wikipedia.org)
GABAergic drugs can change analgesic effect of morphine. (ijabbr.com)
Ketamine and norketamine attenuate oxycodone tolerance markedly less than that of morphine: from behaviour to drug availability. (ijabbr.com)
Around 400,000 soldiers who were given morphine to ease their pain became addicted to the drug. (scottsdalerecovery.com)

Generally, addictive drugs can act as positive reinforcers (producing euphoria) or as negative reinforcers (alleviating symptoms of withdrawal or dysphoria) [6,7]. (who.int)
Therefore, about 89.5% of people who have tried heroin at some time in their lives have not used it during the past month, i.e. i.e. they were not using heroin in an addictive manner. (recoverystories.info)
Whilst some people experience great difficulty in stopping use of heroin, I have previously described a large-scale study which showed that the vast majority of American soldiers who were addicted to heroin in Vietnam, did not show addictive behaviour in the twelve months following their return to the US. (recoverystories.info)
By 2014, concern about the addictive behavior pattern of shifting from pain pills to heroin was evident, too (Quinones, 2015). (csuohio.edu)
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a group of problems that occur in a newborn who was exposed to addictive illegal or prescription drugs while in the mother's womb. (medscape.com)
This class of drugs includes painkillers and illegal substances such as heroin which is highly addictive. (scottsdalerecovery.com)

After this work was published, he was among a group of researchers drafted by the US National Institute on Drug Abuse to answer questions such as: why do people start using drugs? (bsi.com.au)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (U.S. (who.int)

while heroin addiction and overdose had historically been recognized as problems in urban, minority communities, the problem was emerging in new populations, new geographical areas, and explosively larger numbers. (csuohio.edu)

On the illegal drug market, fentanyl is a favored product because it is m uch less expensive than heroin, making it a far more lucrative product in which to traffic (NAS, 2017). (csuohio.edu)
Fentanyl is the most commonly used analgesic drug in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). (medscape.com)

Milkman's doctoral dissertation concluded that people would choose either heroin or amphetamines depending on how they liked to deal with stress. (bsi.com.au)

It is an opiate, used recreationally as a psychoactive drug. (wikipedia.org)
Most importantly, continued research efforts are needed to reduce the stigma of psychoactive drug use. (springer.com)
Cannabis has been employed as a medicine and as a psychoactive drug for social and religious purposes. (druglibrary.org)

Is Heroin An Opiate? (wikipedia.org)
1991). Loimer and colleagues (1991 suggest that 'methadone plasma concentrations of 400 ng/ml are necessary to suppress any further opiate action and to provide stabilized maintenance. (druglibrary.net)
The optimum dose is the level at which there is adequate methadone to provide constant availability to the opiate receptors. (druglibrary.net)
The history of harm reduction in the USA has led to the development of some of the most important methods for treating persons for drug use disorders, such as methadone and buprenorphine for opiate use disorder. (springer.com)
Drug abuse in pregnancy and neonatal psychomotor behavior consistent with withdrawal from opiate and polydrug withdrawal is currently a significant clinical and social problem. (medscape.com)

If abortion reduces crime, the crime rate should have been relatively stable during the time period 1980 to 1991. (filmsdivision.org)
According to the TERIS, the teratogenic risk in human pregnancy is undetermined for 91.2% of the drug treatments approved in the United States between 1980 and 2000. (medscape.com)

citation needed] Although the drug is primarily intended for intravenous injection, kompot extraction as described here produces an end product containing residual plant matter, waste chemicals, impure water, and other contaminants, making this a dangerous substance to inject since such impurities can lead to abscesses or anaphylactic shock. (wikipedia.org)

In Europe, more than 730 NPS have appeared on the drug market since monitoring began in 1997, with around 90 % of these being detected between 2008 and 2018 (EMCDDA, 2019b). (drugpolicyfacts.org)
For instance, the level of opioid prescriptions that were dispensed by U.S. pharmacies tripled from 1991 to 2011 (National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2018). (myonlinenursingpapers.com)
The number of individuals using heroin, as well as the number with opioid use disorder, more than doubled in the years between 2002 and 2014 (NIDA, 2018). (csuohio.edu)
As the number of opioid prescriptions dispensed in the U.S. nearly tripled from 1991 to 2011, there was a parallel near-tripling in the number of opioid-related deaths (NIDA, 2018). (csuohio.edu)
Concurrently, Mexican and Columbian heroin sources expanded dramatically across the U.S., making an easily injectable white powder form of heroin easily accessible and relatively low-cost: major factors in heroin use initiation by many individuals (NIDA, 2018). (csuohio.edu)

For example, the seizure of 50 grams or more of heroin or crystal methamphetamine could result in the use of the death penalty by the Government. (bezpiecznieipewnie.com)

Currently, the USA is experiencing an opioid/heroin epidemic, with significant increases in overdose deaths among drug users. (springer.com)
In fact, between 1991 and 2005, natural disasters led to as many deaths as armed conflict, as Busby notes. (newsecuritybeat.org)
Last week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released troubling statistics on the growing epidemic of drug and opioid overdose deaths in the United States. (cdc.gov)
While it is unknown how many drug and opioid overdose deaths are associated with workplace injuries and illnesses, it is clear that this national epidemic is impacting workers and employers. (cdc.gov)

Some drug policy experts have argued, for example, that a preoccupation with drug use prevalence as a primary outcome measure for drug policy is problematic, as it does not sufficiently consider the complexity of patterns of use or harms, nor distinguish sufficiently between different forms of drug use and the harm attributed to them. (drugpolicyfacts.org)
Here we examine the association between solvent use and socio-demographic variables, drug-related risk factors, and pathogen prevalence in Aboriginal injection drug users (IDU) in Manitoba, Canada. (biomedcentral.com)

First, the USA has a long tradition of moralistic condemnation of intoxication with psychoactive drugs (including licit drugs like alcohol). (springer.com)
Addictiveness: how Swiss experts rate alcohol and other drugs. (rutgers.edu)
Despite concerted efforts by health care professionals to promote prenatal care, the mother may not have received such care and the delivery hospitalization may be the only opportunity to elicit information on the nature and extent of the infant's in utero exposure to drugs and alcohol. (medscape.com)
Regular use of alcohol, cannabis (marijuana), nicotine , or other drugs during adolescence is associated with higher rates of mental health disorders, poorer functioning in adulthood, and higher rates of addiction. (msdmanuals.com)
Parental attitudes and the examples that parents set regarding their own use of alcohol, tobacco, prescription drugs, and other substances are a powerful influence. (msdmanuals.com)

This fact is evidenced by findings from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use & Health in the US showing that approximately 1.9% of Americans aged 12 years or older have ever used heroin. (recoverystories.info)
It is possible that making opioid drugs (OxyContin in 2010, for example) more difficult to misuse-harder to dissolve or crush for injection or "snorting"-may have contributed to an increase in heroin use (Evans, Lieber, & Power, 2017). (csuohio.edu)

Conceived broadly, policy-relevant effects encompass all the benefits of legal controls (in reducing use, abuse, and dependence on illicit drugs and the associated adverse consequences) and the costs, or side-effects, of those controls (ranging from violence associated with the illicit drug trade to the costs of imprisonment). (nationalacademies.org)
Drug dependence is defined as "….a state arising from repeated, periodic or continuous administration of a drug that results in harm to the individual and sometimes to society" [1]. (who.int)
Focus most be on the men, women, and children affected by drug use and dependence. (cndblog.org)
Tolerance and physical dependence are thought to develop more rapidly with shorter acting drugs and after continuous infusions rather than with intermittent administration. (medscape.com)

Marijuana arrest in the United States doubled between 1991 and 1995. (termpaperaccess.com)
Maximum penalties for trafficking drugs with unacceptable risks were raised in 1976, and penalties for possession of cannabis for personal use in amounts up to 30 grams were lowered, with possession constituting a misdemeanour (Korf, 1995). (filmsdivision.org)

Drug agents' guide to forfeiture of assets (1987 revision) (with 1990 supp. (marmot.org)

By M Dittus 2022 Cited by 59 Does recent growth of darknet markets signify a slow reorganisation of the illicit drug trade? (mytordarknetmarket.com)

Drug strategy until 2020. (cndblog.org)

Government considers heroin to be the cause for much of the acquisitive crime that occurs within the UK. (recoverystories.info)
An increase in drug availability occurs due to a rise in the usage and overdose of various types of drugs. (myonlinenursingpapers.com)
A decrease in drug availability occurs due to the shortage of drugs in the country. (myonlinenursingpapers.com)
Postnatal NAS results when an abrupt discontinuation of opioid analgesia occurs, usually after prolonged drug exposure. (medscape.com)
Heroin has a short half-life and withdrawal also occurs within 48-72 h of birth, whereas methadone withdrawal occurs at 7-14 days. (medscape.com)

4-MTA: a new synthetic drug on the dance scene. (rutgers.edu)

Local officials will often ignore heroin problems in the community because of the stigma associated with the drug. (recoverystories.info)

Polish" heroin (also kompot and compote in drug culture slang) is a crude preparation of heroin made from poppy straw. (wikipedia.org)

Accessed via Google Books July 28, 2016 [2] Polish drug policies: between "hard" and "soft" prohibition, K. Krajewski, Journal of Drug Issues, Summer 2004. (wikipedia.org)
Also, cytochrome-p450 is involved in the metabolism of drugs in the body (Foti & Dalvie, 2016). (myonlinenursingpapers.com)
METHODS: The National Psychiatric Case Registry provided data on 18,684 adults with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, hospitalized in 1991-2016 (at least once in 2010-2015). (bvsalud.org)

Additionally, federal and state penalties against commercial drug offenses are supplemented by criminal sanctions against users (i.e., for possessing drugs for one's own use). (nationalacademies.org)
A descriptive questionnaire survey in Karachi city was made to identify the socioeconomic profile and beliefs and practices of 500 drug users. (who.int)
The programs in the USA also offer many additional services for drug users, including condom distribution, referrals to substance abuse treatment, HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) counseling and testing, overdose education and naloxone distribution to reverse for overdose. (springer.com)
It is a drug that is so controversial that when two Scottish researchers published a paper that identified 126 long-term heroin users in Glasgow who were not experiencing the health and social problems normally associated with the drug, there was an outcry from certain circles. (recoverystories.info)
Most Marijuana users never use another illegal drug, and for every hundred people who try marijuana only one is a regular user of hard drugs. (termpaperaccess.com)
The bottom line is that US drug users generate a multibillion-dollar bounty. (jerrymeldon.com)
Drawn after a series of participative mapping workshops led in Berlin and Frankfurt in 2019, this image depicts how an ideal city could look like from the point of view of marginalised drug users. (narcotic-archive.org)

A full understanding of factors relating to initiation or intensification of drug use might usefully encompass measures of perceived availability and the perceived likelihood that sanctions (both legal and social) will be imposed. (nationalacademies.org)

Marijuana is a gateway drug. (termpaperaccess.com)
Marijuana does not cause people to use hard drugs. (termpaperaccess.com)
That year, 7,000 Mexican soldiers, supported by advisers from the US Drug Enforcement Administration, waged a "special war" against marijuana growers. (jerrymeldon.com)

The drug abuser may expect or perceive the benefits of drug use as the attainment of pleasurable feelings (relaxation), increased social interactions (reduced inhibition), alteration of their psychological condition to a more desirable state (escapism), physical changes (anabolic steroids) or avoidance of withdrawal symptoms in someone who is dependent on drugs [8]. (who.int)
They become addicted to, or dependent on heroin, and experience withdrawal symptoms when not taking the drug. (recoverystories.info)
Of the estimated 24.6 million U.S. citizens (i.e., 9.4% of the population 12 and older) suffering from substance abuse, approximately 1.9 million people abuse or are dependent on prescription opioid drugs. (educatesimplifyapp.com)

Preterm infants are at lower risk of drug withdrawal with less severe courses. (medscape.com)

Drug Enforcement Administration. (marmot.org)

The vast majority of people who try heroin do not become addicts. (recoverystories.info)

The increase in opioid prescribing is staggering: In 1991, approximately 76 million opioid prescriptions were written in the United States, and by 2013 this figure jumped to nearly 207 million. (educatesimplifyapp.com)
And the number of opioid prescriptions has risen from 76 million in 1991 to 207 million today. (cdc.gov)

Many observers attributed the assassination to drug traffickers and their friends in high places. (jerrymeldon.com)
When DEA Agent Enrique Camarena was murdered in Guadalajara in 1985 - by Mexican drug traffickers, police and politicians - DEA Administrator Francis Mullen charged that "Mexico hasn't arrested a major drug trafficker in eight years. (jerrymeldon.com)
However, Chinese officials report that drug traffickers are dividing their large shipments into smaller ones in order to minimize losses in case of seizure. (bezpiecznieipewnie.com)

Heroin is the illegal drug that has the worst reputation. (recoverystories.info)
In the Customs General Administration, the Smuggling Prevention Department plays the major role in intercepting illegal drug shipments. (bezpiecznieipewnie.com)

The effects of drug control usually are not included within the ambit of ''drug abuse research" and are assumed to lie instead within the purview of criminal justice research. (nationalacademies.org)
In the committee's view, however, the effects of legal controls, and of different strategies for implementing and enforcing them, should be seen as an important component of a comprehensive drug abuse research strategy. (nationalacademies.org)
Many aspects of drug control and its enforcement are inescapably related to mainstream fields of drug abuse research, especially etiology, prevention, and treatment. (nationalacademies.org)
As noted in Chapter 7 , the consequences of drug abuse (e.g., violence) are often intertwined with the sequelae of illicit drug markets and drug law enforcement. (nationalacademies.org)
An important trend in public health research is the inclusion of legal controls and interventions within a single model of drug abuse research. (nationalacademies.org)
The Republican and the Democratic parties will not honestly address the absolute insanity of our approach to preventing and fighting drug abuse and addiction, so we must insist on a better course. (rockyanderson.org)
To truly lead in this area means to reject the politically convenient, yet ineffective, measures upon which this country has relied for far too long, and to implement the best, most effective measures to significantly reduce the terrible effects of dangerous drug abuse and addiction. (rockyanderson.org)
Certainly, there is good reason to take aggressive, effective action to reduce dangerous drug abuse and addiction. (rockyanderson.org)
Nepal - Established national coordination committee for drug abuse control with separate district level committees in the country. (cndblog.org)
So I got to the question about the threshold for abuse and the lights went on - that's when I had my version of the 'aha' experience: they could be on the threshold for abuse before they even took the drug, because it was their style of coping that they were abusing. (bsi.com.au)
National Institute of Drug Abuse. (myonlinenursingpapers.com)
In 1978, Peter Bourne, director of the Carter White House's Office of Drug Abuse Policy, told a Senate subcommittee that the ongoing drug control activities of the Mexican and American governments "rank among the most exemplary forms of international cooperation in the world today. (jerrymeldon.com)
2010 - The year of transformation from drugs to common abuse of heroin. (scottsdalerecovery.com)
The Committee on Substance Abuse of the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends obtaining a comprehensive medical and psychological history that includes specific information regarding maternal drug use as part of every newborn evaluation. (medscape.com)
The timing of onset of the symptoms gives an indication of the maternal drug abuse. (medscape.com)
An important avenue for combating prescription drug abuse are guidelines that health care providers can use to offer safer and more effective pain treatment. (cdc.gov)

Environmental changes and other stresses can cause the patient to perceive that the dose is not adequate and to experience increased drug craving. (druglibrary.net)
The street junkie is the type of user most described by the popular press, the one that most people perceive as being the 'typical' heroin user. (recoverystories.info)

The most commonly tried drug is cannabis (47.6 million males and 30.9 million females). (drugpolicyfacts.org)

Maternal interviews have been reported to be the least sensitive method of identifying drug use in pregnancy when compared with maternal hair and meconium drug testing. (medscape.com)
Maternal self-report was found to underestimate in utero drug exposure by as much as 44% when compared with data from meconium analyses. (medscape.com)

Events that increase the availability of drugs, such as another addict moving in at home or a 'connection' opening nearby, can intensify drug craving. (druglibrary.net)
It is argued for example that there is evidence that suggests the criminalisation of drugs can increase some health, social and economic harms. (drugpolicyfacts.org)
What the gateway theory presents as a casual explanation is a statistical association between common and uncommon drugs, an association that changes over time as different drugs increase and decrease in commonness. (termpaperaccess.com)
Various tissues of the body, including the liver, have cytochrome-p450 Interactions that may increase drug availability essay. (myonlinenursingpapers.com)
The late 1800s - A steep increase in opioid addiction primarily due to over-the-counter availability of these drugs. (scottsdalerecovery.com)

By 1992, his team in Denver had won a $1.2 million government grant to form Project Self-Discovery, which offered teenagers natural-high alternatives to drugs and crime. (bsi.com.au)

Without these public expenditures, the harm reduction programs would not have achieved the scope they needed to be successful to stop the HIV epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID). (springer.com)
Interview with Gemma Blok about 50 Years of activism for harm reduction in Amsterdam - from the Junkie Union to drug testing kits. (narcotic-archive.org)

2013 - More than 27,000 newborn babies were diagnosed with a drug dependency. (scottsdalerecovery.com)

If we are to understand the factors that underlie problematic drug use and addiction, and help people recover so that they can lead healthy lives, then we need to look at the lives of people who use heroin, (and stop or try to stop using the drug). (recoverystories.info)

Treatment outcome studies might take into account the impact of variations in drug availability on entry and retention, as well as the coercive "leverage" produced by the threat of prosecution or punishment. (nationalacademies.org)

The design of community prevention programs might encompass measures of drug availability (e.g., price and access) as well as other variables relating to the intensity of law enforcement in the communities being studied. (nationalacademies.org)
And if the hundreds of millions of dollars invested in bumper-sticker- and tee-shirt-driven "drug prevention" programs like DARE were effective, we would have fewer kids taking drugs. (rockyanderson.org)
NIOSH welcomes suggestions for additional resources that we might include on our Prescription Drug Overdose Prevention webpage and relevant research that might be addressed through the NIOSH Centers for Workers' Compensation Studies. (cdc.gov)

In 1978 the South Australian Royal Commission into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs issued a comprehensive discussion paper on cannabis ([1]South Australia 1978). (druglibrary.org)

In collaboration with minister of education, consequences of drug use should be included in school curriculums. (cndblog.org)

Darknet marketplace and is established in the year 1991 floxite prides itself as one the! (mytordarknetmarket.com)
These were the images summoned up last year, when the Food and Drug Administration first indicated that it might regulate cigarettes. (reason.com)

Preventive measures are needed to decrease the rate of drug addiction in Karachi. (who.int)
On the hand, some interactions are likely to decrease drug availability. (myonlinenursingpapers.com)
Practitioners observe safety measures due to a decrease in drug availability in the country. (myonlinenursingpapers.com)

This prison case comes to us via a suppression of evidence hearing in a federal drug prosecution. (prisonlegalnews.org)
The district court expresses quite a bit of frustration at drug cases arising out of Lorton and calls the prison a "public disgrace" due to the ready availability of drugs within the prison. (prisonlegalnews.org)

Polish heroin was used mainly in Central and Eastern Europe prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of communist control of the countries of the Warsaw Pact or Eastern Bloc. (wikipedia.org)

When assessing potential neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), the most reliable method of determining the extent of drug use in pregnancy is maternal history as part of routine antenatal assessment, with a structured interview providing a greater yield than an informal interview. (medscape.com)
See also Seizure Disorders in Pregnancy , Women's Health and Epilepsy , Antiepileptic Drugs , and Neural Tube Defects . (medscape.com)

Symptoms of NAS depend on various factors including the type of drug the mother used, how much of the drug she used, how long she used the drug, and how the mother's body breaks down the drug. (medscape.com)

Any drug that stimulates the liver's microsomal enzyme-oxidizing system may accelerate the metabolism of methadone. (druglibrary.net)
Specific drugs known to accelerate methadone metabolism, and at times, to precipitate abstinence syndrome (AS), include rifampin (Tong et al. (druglibrary.net)
The data for the lower curve in figure 3 are based on experience with an actual patient on 80 mg of methadone daily who persistently complained of waking up sick and having drug hunger. (druglibrary.net)

Drug Metabolism and Disposition , 44 (8), 1229-1245. (myonlinenursingpapers.com)

Faupel provided a chart of four common patterns of heroin use which depended on two key elements: the availability of the drug and the underlying structure of the user's life. (recoverystories.info)

But if so-called "stability" remains Washington's top priority, the drug war will remain hype. (jerrymeldon.com)

Doing our best to address drug problems. (cndblog.org)
Some participants noted that in their country there was a move towards greater recognition of the need for public health-oriented approaches to tackle drug problems accompanied by a shift in the goals of drug policies towards reducing drug-related harms. (drugpolicyfacts.org)
They got referrals from teachers, school nurses and counsellors, taking in kids from the age of 14 who didn't see themselves as needing treatment but who had problems with drugs or petty crime. (bsi.com.au)

Anatomy3

Organisms1

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology16

Phenomena and Processes5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Named Groups2

Health Care5

Geographicals1

Cocaine9

Opioids11

Opium4

20213

20015

Morphine5

Addictive6

National Insti2

Addiction and overdose1

Fentanyl2

Amphetamines1

Psychoactive drug3

Opiate5

19802

Intravenous1

20185

Methamphetamine1

Deaths4

Prevalence2

Alcohol5

20172

Dependence4

19952

19871

Illicit drug1

20201

Occurs5

Synthetic1

Stigma1

Poppy1

20163

Users7

Initiation1

Marijuana3

Dependent3

Withdrawal1

Enforcement Administration1

Addicts1

Prescriptions2

Traffickers3

Illegal drug2

Abuse16

Perceive2

Commonly1

Meconium2

Increase5

Alternatives1

Harm2

Newborn1

Problematic1

Threat1

Prevention3

Cannabis1

Consequences of drug1

Year2

Decrease3

Prison2

Pact1

Pregnancy2

Mother's1

Methadone3

Metabolism1

Common1

Priority1

Problems3