OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
HIV SeropositivityHIV SeroprevalenceHIV InfectionsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSexual BehaviorRisk FactorsSeroepidemiologic StudiesAntibodies, ViralAntibodies, BacterialChlamydophila pneumoniaeChlamydophila InfectionsImmunoglobulin GSerologic TestsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHIV SeronegativityPrevalenceHelicobacter pyloriHelicobacter InfectionsToxocariasisAntibodies, ProtozoanCytomegalovirus InfectionsToxoplasmosisAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeCross-Sectional StudiesToxocaraHerpesvirus 2, HumanAIDS SerodiagnosisHIV-1Blood DonorsHepatitis CNeosporaCase-Control StudiesPapillomavirus InfectionsRural PopulationSyphilisHerpes GenitalisCytomegalovirusToxoplasmaImmunoglobulin ABrazilHomosexuality
InfectionsIntravenousInject drugsBehaviorsHepatitisAcquired immunodePreventionClinicalSeroprevalenceAntiviral drugsIDUsTuberculosisIncidencePOPULATIONSDiagnosisSignificantEpidemiologySyphilisSexualMultivariate AnalysisEpidemicAddictionOutcomesReactivePersons with HIV infectionParticipantsAdolescentAntibodySeropositiveSeroconversionPatientsAdolescentsMethodsHumanInterventionsTransmissionDiseaseAIDS and HIVAntiretroviralRiskSystematic reviewDetectionViral loadTreatmentStudyResultsSexuallyRegimensEpidemicsQualitativeHeterosexualFrequencyInfectious diseasesAbstract
Infections12
  • 3 Accordingly, 23% of new HCV infections occur in people who inject drugs (PWID), and 31% of deaths from chronic HCV infections are attributable to a history of injection drug use. (who.int)
  • 1 In Viet Nam, mathematic modelling estimated 1 million people to be living with chronic HCV and 24 300 new annual HCV infections, 11% of which are attributed to injection drug use and 60% to blood transfusions or medical services. (who.int)
  • The World Health Organization in Geneva contributed generously also through the departments of Reproductive Health and Research, Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy, Vaccines and Biologicals, and HIV/AIDS/Sexually Transmitted Infections, as well as the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. (unibuc.ro)
  • The objective of this study was to document the spectrum and determine the frequency of various opportunistic infections (OIs) and non-infectious opportunistic diseases, in hospitalised HIV-infected patients from north India. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background: HIV-1 infections initiated by multiple founder variants are characterised by a higher viral load and a worse clinical prognosis than those initiated with single founder variants, yet little is known about the routes of exposure through which transmission of multiple founder variants is most probable. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Eligible studies must have reported original estimates of founder variant multiplicity in people with acute or early HIV-1 infections, have clearly detailed the methods used, and reported the route of exposure. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Interpretation: We identified that transmissions in people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men are significantly more likely to result in an infection initiated by multiple founder variants, and female-to-male infections are significantly less probable. (ed.ac.uk)
  • In general, the CD4 + T-lymphocyte count has been used to predict the onset of certain ocular infections in patients who are HIV positive. (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of herpes zoster, unlike that of many of the other opportunistic infections seen in HIV disease, has apparently not decreased with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (medscape.com)
  • Stigma prevents the delivery of effective social and medical care (including taking antiretroviral therapy) and also enhances the number of HIV infections. (hindawi.com)
  • In resolution WHA53.14 the Health Assembly requested the Director-General to develop a global health-sector strategy for responding to the epidemics of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. (who.int)
  • other sexually transmitted infections enhance the sexual transmission of HIV: genital herpes specifically, and genital ulcers in general, increase the transmission of HIV 50-300-fold per episode of unprotected sexual intercourse. (who.int)
Intravenous10
  • Targeting homeless persons living in temporary residences for HCV and HIV screening can be effective at promoting access to care for those infected due to this population's high HCV seropositivity especially significant if the patient has a history of intravenous drug use or is over the age of 40. (natap.org)
  • and intravenous drug users sharing needles with a known HIV-positive person. (port.ac.uk)
  • PEP following non-occupational exposure to HIV was cost-effective for all male-male intercourse (unprotected receptive and insertive anal intercourse, unprotected receptive oral sex, and 'other') and was possibly cost-effective for intravenous drug users and high-risk women. (port.ac.uk)
  • Alcohol or intravenous drug abuse within the previous 1 year. (knowcancer.com)
  • Influence of interleukin 10 polymorphisms -592 and -1082 to the HIV, HBV and HCV serostatus among intravenous drug users. (yale.edu)
  • CCL3L1 copy number is a strong genetic determinant of HIV seropositivity in Caucasian intravenous drug users. (yale.edu)
  • Association betweenTLR3 rs3775291 and resistance to HIV among highly exposed Caucasian intravenous drug users. (yale.edu)
  • Infrequent detection of TT virus infection in intravenous drug users, prostitutes, and homosexual men. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The frequency of TTV in persons considered at high risk for sexual and parenteral infection was investigated (52 prostitutes, 81 homosexual men, 65 intravenous drug users) to assess its mode of transmission. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The low frequency of infection detected in both risk groups suggests that spread by sexual contact or by intravenous drug use is relatively inefficient and unlikely to account for the high prevalence of TTV observed worldwide. (ox.ac.uk)
Inject drugs7
  • The city of New Orleans has the highest overall prevalence of HCV in Louisiana and it is estimated that 52% of people who inject drugs in New Orleans are HCV seropositive [7]. (natap.org)
  • This study assessed whether this facility attracted people who inject drugs, who were socially vulnerable, and who engaged in drug-related behaviors associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk. (researchgate.net)
  • Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of the frequency of Medically Supervised Injecting Room use during the first 18 months after opening (July 2018-December 2019) among 658 people who inject drugs participating in the Melbourne Injecting Drug User Cohort Study (SuperMIX). (researchgate.net)
  • Differences in T cell distribution and CCR5 expression in HIV-positive and HIV-exposed seronegative persons who inject drugs. (yale.edu)
  • In Kenya, violence is common among people who inject drugs (PWID) living with HIV and their sexual and injecting partners and may lead to decreased uptake of HIV services, increased HIV risk behaviors, and increased HIV transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kenya's Ministry of Health has identified key populations that the HIV epidemic disproportionately impacts, including people who inject drugs (PWID), sex workers, and men who have sex with men (MSM). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disproportionately affects people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men, but data on female sex workers (FSW) are limited. (who.int)
Behaviors11
  • 2-5 High-risk sexual behaviors also place adolescents at risk of acquiring syphilis and HIV infection. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • By posting ads on Craigslist anonymously soliciting or offering drugs and "risky" sex, they are able to engage in these behaviors without being further stigmatized and labeled, and they can "safely" circumvent the medicalization and criminalization of their behavior. (port.ac.uk)
  • Objective-- This report presents national estimates of the percentage and number of This report is intended to provide persons in the U.S. population aged 15-44 who report behaviors that place them at reliable national estimates of some basic increased risk for acquiring or transmitting human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. (cdc.gov)
  • The statistics on certain types of sexual and report also contains data on condom use and HIV testing by persons who report risk drug use behavior, in order to estimate behaviors. (cdc.gov)
  • 2002, the sixth in a series of national behaviors in the past year that put them at increased risk of HIV, and 1.5 percent had reproductive health surveys that have engaged in drug use behaviors that put them at risk. (cdc.gov)
  • We used cluster analysis to divide the women in our sample (N = 557) into four distinct subgroups predominantly characterized by differences in drug use, injecting risk, sexual behaviors, and drug and sexual risk combined. (arizona.edu)
  • The four subgroups resulting from this process were primary crack- using women, primary needle-using women, high-frequency needle-using women, and women with multiple drug and sex risk behaviors. (arizona.edu)
  • The two smaller subgroups of women-high-frequency needle users and those in the multiple- risk behavior subgroup-reported the highest rate of high-risk behaviors and seropositivity but also showed the greatest change at follow-up. (arizona.edu)
  • Most of the crack-using women reported that they were not currently injecting drugs and never shared needles, but 10% were seropositive for HIV, suggesting that their risk comes primarily from sexual behaviors. (arizona.edu)
  • The results demonstrate a promising alternative approach to analyzing substance abuse and HIV risk behaviors, and they suggest the need for further research on alternative interventions for women with different patterns of risk behaviors. (arizona.edu)
  • Conclusions: HIV infection was related both to women's own risk behaviors and to the perceived risk behaviors of their sexual partners. (edu.pe)
Hepatitis6
  • People experiencing homelessness are disproportionately infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). (natap.org)
  • 7 Screening for additional STIs such as syphilis or hepatitis should be based on symptoms and the presence of additional high-risk factors (prostitution, drug use, incarceration). (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • Current use of any drug known to be hepatotoxic, any drug (other than the study drugs) known to have or suspected of having therapeutic activity in hepatitis C or of any immunosuppressive drug (including corticosteroids). (knowcancer.com)
  • Clinical characteristics (HIV, hepatitis C, and RuJu) were retrieved from their medical files. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • This work was supported by the French National Agency for HIV and Hepatitis Research (ANRS). (hal.science)
  • 3. Seropositivity for markers of viral hepatitis or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at Screening. (who.int)
Acquired immunode3
  • This report updates data for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection associated with heterosexual transmission and is based on national AIDS surveillance, HIV seroprevalence surveys, and studies of populations at varying levels of risk for heterosexual transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is essentially a sexually transmitted disease but like many other sexually transmitted diseases, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which causes AIDS can also be transmitted through blood or blood products and from infected mother to baby. (who.int)
  • The first case of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in India was detected in 1986 in the state of Tamilnadu [ 1 ] and since then the spread of HIV/AIDS across the nation has been relentless. (biomedcentral.com)
Prevention13
  • The primary prevention end point was linked HIV-1 transmission in HIV-1-negative partners. (nih.gov)
  • Effective methods are available for prevention of HIV transmission through blood, but antigen and PCR tests are expensive and not recommended for screening of blood donations in developing countries. (who.int)
  • Effective technology is available for prevention of HIV transmission through blood. (who.int)
  • In Western Europe and elsewhere, medically supervised safer injection facilities (SIFs) are increasingly being implemented for the prevention of health- and community-related harms among injection drug users (IDUs), although few evaluations have been conducted, and there have been questions regarding SIFs' ability to attract high-risk IDUs. (researchgate.net)
  • However, for clinical decision-marking and prevention, it is useful for persons to be identified within weeks of HIV-1 antibody conversion. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
  • The study described here presents an innovative approach to analyzing intervention outcomes among women substance abusers participating in a national HIV prevention research study funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. (arizona.edu)
  • A holistic approach that combines violence prevention and response, comprehensive harm reduction, healthcare access, and community support is crucial to address the complex issue of drug use and HIV burden among PWID in Kenya for improved health outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings highlight the need to offer FSW-targeted HCV interventions and ensure their access to HIV prevention and treatment. (who.int)
  • It is difficult to identify a more charged issue in AIDS prevention than that of nondisclosure of positive HIV status to sexual partners. (aphapublications.org)
  • The very framing of this topic shows both the strengths and the limits of the current international language of HIV prevention. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is highly important both to emphasize prevention and to recognise that some groups, because of particular behaviours, are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • What do adolescents perceive and value as facilitators to disclosure, adopting preventative behaviours (secondary prevention), accessing care, adhering to ART, being retained in care, and successfully transitioning from paediatric and/or adolescent HIV care services to adult HIV care services? (bvsalud.org)
  • The drug of choice for prevention of CMV disease in solid-organ transplant patients is valganciclovir. (medscape.com)
Clinical19
  • The early initiation of antiretroviral therapy reduced rates of sexual transmission of HIV-1 and clinical events, indicating both personal and public health benefits from such therapy. (nih.gov)
  • A 5 mg dispersible tablet formulation of dolutegravir was studied in children aged 4 weeks to less than 6 years old, weighing at least 3 kg, with HIV RNA of greater than 1000 copies per mL and no previous treatment with integrase strand transfer inhibitor recruited from IMPAACT clinical research sites in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. (nih.gov)
  • OBJECTIVES: To review the evidence on the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of non-occupational postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV. (port.ac.uk)
  • RESULTS: One clinical effectiveness study meeting the inclusion criteria was identified, a cohort study of PEP in a high-risk HIV-negative homosexual male cohort in Brazil. (port.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: It is not possible to draw conclusions on the clinical effectiveness of non-occupational PEP for HIV because of the limited evidence available. (port.ac.uk)
  • However, studies have indicated that BZD use among injecting drug users (IDUs) constitutes a major clinical and public health problem. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Since gender differences in viro-immunological, clinical and therapeutic features have been described, aim of this analysis was to explore such differences in elderly HIV-positive females compared to males coming from the same cohort. (unimi.it)
  • Simultaneous participation in another investigational drug study, or participation in any clinical trial involving investigational drugs with 3 months before study entry. (knowcancer.com)
  • Lee, TSH 2012, ' Penile bead implantation in relation to HIV infection in male heroin users in Taiwan ', Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research , vol. 3, no. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • A study evaluated 5 commercially available assays that are approved for HIV seropositivity confirmation and could be readily performed in clinical laboratories. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
  • To this end, a study was conducted to evaluate 5 commercially available assays that are approved for HIV seropositivity confirmation and could be readily performed in clinical laboratories. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
  • Serum samples from 43 individuals recently infected with HIV-1 were selected in 2 clinical laboratories in France based on incomplete or weakly reactive Western blots and either a previous sample collected during acute infection (p24 positive) or an evolving Western blot profile on a subsequent serum sample. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
  • Is there an indication for serologic testing for human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in asymptomatic HIV-infected children (compared with not testing) to guide clinical management? (hiv.gov)
  • Recent reports of KS occurring at higher CD4 cell counts in the United States 26,27 suggest that clinicians caring for patients with HIV should be vigilant for the clinical manifestations of KS in patients at risk of HHV-8 infection, regardless of CD4 cell count. (hiv.gov)
  • Find out how clinical trials support the search for new drugs and how Roche conducts clinical trials. (roche.com)
  • The purpose of this clinical trial is to test the safety and effectiveness of cevostamab in combination with lenalidomide and how the body processes these drugs. (roche.com)
  • However, clinical challenges associated with HIV in the context of thyroid eye disease (TED) are not as well-characterized. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • However, clinical challenges associated with HIV in the context of thyroid eye disease (TED) are not as well-characterized.OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of coexisting HIV and TED, describe TED presentation and course in the context of HIV, and evaluate management difficulties as well as potential solutions.METHODS: Cross-sectional study of all patients with coexisting GD and HIV at University Hospitals Birmingham (2003-2014). (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Quantifying how the routes of HIV infection affect the transmission of multiple variants allows us to better understand how the evolution and epidemiology of HIV-1 determine clinical outcomes. (ed.ac.uk)
Seroprevalence5
  • in heterosexual partners, HIV seroprevalence ranged from 0 to 58% (median: 24%) (1,2). (cdc.gov)
  • HIV seroprevalence among recipients of multiple blood transfusions decreased from 270 per 10 000 in 1987-89 to 7 per 10 000 in 1995. (who.int)
  • In HIV-positive MSM, seroprevalence was 58% (95% CI 37-77) and 35% (95%CI 17-56), and DNA prevalence 29.6% (13.8-50.2) and 11.1% (2.4-29.2) respectively. (bmj.com)
  • Objectives: To determine age-specific seroprevalence, risk factors, and risk markers for heterosexually-acquired HIV infection among pregnant women. (edu.pe)
  • Among MSM without HIV infection, the seroprevalence ranges from 13% to 20% and HHV-8 seroprevalence increases to 30% to 35% among MSM with HIV infection. (hiv.gov)
Antiviral drugs2
  • For this reason the development of an effective strategy for the delivery of antiviral drugs across the blood-brain barrier is of paramount importance in the treatment of HIV infection. (weeksmd.com)
  • Evidence is presented showing that insulin may be used as a pharmacologic adjunct in the therapy of HIV infection by allowing for higher concentrations of antiviral drugs to be obtained within the CNS using lower total doses of drug. (weeksmd.com)
IDUs7
  • This study indicated that the SIF attracted IDUs who have been shown to be at elevated risk of blood-borne disease infection and overdose, and IDUs who were contributing to the public drug use problem and unsafe syringe disposal problems stemming from public injection drug use. (researchgate.net)
  • Background: Recent reports indicate that injection risk behavior has declined among injection drug users (IDUs) but sexual risk behavior continues. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • This study examined the possible association of RuJu with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among IDUs in Taiwan. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that HIV-positive IDUs were more likely than HIV-negative IDUs to have HIV/AIDS knowledge, to have had RuJu and an IDU partner, and to have used a condom at last sex and shared needles and rinse water at last heroin use. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • Conclusion: Prevalence rates of HIV, HCV, and RuJu are high among IDUs seen at Taiwan drug detention centers. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • Practitioners who seek to prevent HIV in male IDUs should be aware of the RuJu culture. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • The Bangkok (Thailand) Metropolitan Administration cohort of injecting drug users (IDUs) consisted of 1,209 IDUs initially seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who were followed from 1995 to 1998 at 15 Administration drug treatment clinics. (mahidol.ac.th)
Tuberculosis10
  • Surveillance sociated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively data indicate MDR TB is an emerging global problem, drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) in Germany in 2004- especially in countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU), 2006. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, strains of M. tuberculosis that are re- and resistance to all fi rst-line drugs was more frequent (36% sistant to second-line drugs are also emerging. (cdc.gov)
  • Seventy- resistance of M. tuberculosis to any fl uoroquinolone and four (40%) of these 184 patients received treatment with to at least one of the injectable drugs (capreomycin, kana- linezolid. (cdc.gov)
  • These routine services include healthcare for maternal and child health, women's health, including contraceptive care, management of common communicable diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis (TB) and management of chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and mental health. (mpconsulting.co.za)
  • Multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-Tb) has become a global issue especially in many African countries. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • The frequency of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) positive cases was 10.86% while 0.72% MDR-Tb and 3.2% concurrent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV were documented. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • The study revealed 10.86% of AFB positive cases, 0.74% MDR-Tb cases and 3.2% concurrent infection between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • In 2015, reports showed an estimated 10.4 million cases of tuberculosis globally, including 1.2 million (11%) people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Recent reports showed that 57% of TB among people living with HIV was not promptly diagnosed or treated, resulting in 390,000 tuberculosis-related deaths in 2015 [6, 7] . (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is defined as multidrug-resistant when it becomes resistant to first-line drugs as isoniazid and rifampin. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
Incidence3
  • 15-18 A more marked reduction in KS incidence occurred beginning in 1996, shortly after the introduction of protease inhibitor-containing ART in the U.S. Despite these declines, KS is among the most common cancers among the AIDS population in the U.S., 19 and HIV infection increases the risk of KS several thousand fold even in the ART era. (hiv.gov)
  • 20 Notably, KS is a common cancer in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, 21 fueled in part by the HIV pandemic, and incidence has not declined in regions of sub-Saharan Africa where ART coverage is increasing but incomplete. (hiv.gov)
  • The incidence of CMV seropositivity rises with age and in a US-based study was reported to increase from 36% in children aged 6-11 years to 91% in individuals older than 80 years. (medscape.com)
POPULATIONS4
  • It should be routine among certain populations with high rates of seropositivity. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • In addition, estimates of self-reported risk for HIV from the Cycle 6 National the size and characteristics of Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) are compared with data from other recent national populations at elevated risk for surveys. (cdc.gov)
  • To assess the frequency of MDR-Tb among HIV sero-positive and sero-negative populations in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Ce constat relève la nécessité de mettre en route les politiques de sensibilisation pour cibler les populations clés et amener le plus grand nombre au dépistage de l'infection par le Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine si l'on veut diminuer la courbe de transmission. (bvsalud.org)
Diagnosis6
  • Variability in HIV seropositivity by confirmatory assays should be considered for both initial diagnosis and multicenter studies for which inclusion criteria require serologic profile confirmation, according to a study recently published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases . (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
  • However, after HIV antibody seroconversion the identification of a recent HIV infection at diagnosis can be challenging but can be suspected when confirmed with a Western blot or immunoblot assay. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
  • and diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in a partner). (edu.pe)
  • Although the reaction to PLWHA varies, with some PLWHA receiving support which positively affects them, HIV/AIDS stigma negatively affects seeking HIV testing, seeking care after diagnosis, quality of care given to HIV patients, and finally the negative perception and treatment of PLWHA by their communities and families, including partners [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The diagnosis of seropositivity to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus is made at a stage of immunosuppression in the majority of patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • This 2018 document is to be used in conjunction with the 2014 document Laboratory Testing for the Diagnosis for the Diagnosis of HIV Infection . (cdc.gov)
Significant1
Epidemiology2
  • A national cross-sectional study among drug-users in France: epidemiology of HCV and highlight on practical and statistical aspects of the design. (hal.science)
  • BACKGROUND: Epidemiology of HCV infection among drug users (DUs) has been widely studied. (hal.science)
Syphilis1
Sexual11
  • since 1986, persons reporting sexual contact with a partner at risk have outnumbered HIV-infected persons born in countries with predominantly heterosexual HIV transmission (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
  • For example, New York accounted for 40% of female IVDUs with AIDS but for only 4% of men who reported sexual contact with a female IVDU, and Florida accounted for 25% of men reporting IV-drug-using partners but for only 9% of female IVDUs with AIDS. (cdc.gov)
  • The survey engaged in either drug use or sexual behavior that placed them at increased risk for HIV. (cdc.gov)
  • HIV risk-reduction interventions must take into consideration the cause of homelessness, access to and participation in shelter services, and individual factors (such as the effects of sexual orientation and ethnicity) that frequently have not been systematically included in previous research. (nau.edu)
  • Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the association of RuJu and HIV seropositivity, with drug risk behavior and sexual risk behavior controlled for. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • 3,302 sexual and/or injecting partners of PWID living with HIV were recruited through assisted partner services and participated in the study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We estimated the proportion of HIV-positive adults who have any sexual contact without disclosure and the proportion of their sexual partnerships that involve unprotected sex without disclosure. (aphapublications.org)
  • 2 Public health researchers, responding to data reporting sexual contact without disclosure by HIV-positive persons, have called for interventions to promote increased sexual responsibility and to increase rates of consistent safer sex among HIV-positive persons. (aphapublications.org)
  • Previous studies show that not disclosing positive HIV serostatus to at least some sexual partners is common, 5- 7 that HIV-positive persons are more likely to disclose their status to steady partners than to nonsteady partners, 8- 10 and that unprotected sex without disclosure occurs within both types of partnerships. (aphapublications.org)
  • Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) have been infected with HIV through one of two pathways: through vertical transmission (from mother to child via pregnancy or breastfeeding) or through horizontal transmission (from either sexual or non-sexual methods, e.g. injecting drug use, exposure to infected blood, medical procedures). (bvsalud.org)
  • Many of the more than 30 bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens that are transmissible sexually, including HIV, are transmitted predominantly through sexual intercourse. (who.int)
Multivariate Analysis2
  • In multivariate analysis, we found that female gender was independently associated with a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio but not with virological suppression Conclusions Elderly HIV-positive women display a worse virologic response despite a better immune reconstitution compared to males. (unimi.it)
  • In multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with HCV seropositivity were age over 30, HIV seropositivity, having ever injected drugs, opiate substitution treatment (OST), crack use, and precarious housing. (hal.science)
Epidemic4
  • Because of the integral role played by intra-CNS HIV infection in the pathogenesis of AIDS, and because of the magnitude of the threatened epidemic with the condition, the development of an effective strategy for overcoming the therapeutic impasse of the BBB has become one of the paramount concerns of contemporary medical science. (weeksmd.com)
  • These structural interventions can serve to reduce the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS and address the future of the epidemic without blaming those living with the virus. (bvsalud.org)
  • In his eyes HIV/AIDS was not only a biological threat, but a social epidemic of meaning. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although the current data show that the global HIV/AIDS epidemic is stabilizing, statistics still report an unacceptably high level of infection and progress is uneven in many countries [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Addiction1
  • It organizes or participates in collective information campaigns for the general public through coordinated actions with the associative network (HIV seropositivity, drug addiction, smoking cessation, cardiovascular risks, social medicine). (wikipedia.org)
Outcomes2
  • Wechsberg, WM, Dennis, ML & Stevens, SJ 1998, ' Cluster analysis of HIV intervention outcomes among substance-abusing women ', American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 239-257. (arizona.edu)
  • Researchers hope that using lenalidomide in combination with drugs designed to help a person's own immune system target and destroy cancer cells, like cevostamab, will provide better health outcomes for people with high-risk MM after a transplant. (roche.com)
Reactive1
  • However, this may cause a reactive result in routine HIV testing in the absence of HIV infection. (mpconsulting.co.za)
Persons with HIV infection1
  • 3 In the United States, men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons with HIV infection are at increased risk for HHV-8 infection. (hiv.gov)
Participants3
  • Participants HIV-positive patients aged ≥65 years old. (unimi.it)
  • At enrollment and approximately every 4 months thereafter, participants were assessed for HIV seropositivity. (mahidol.ac.th)
  • We drew participants from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (n = 1421). (aphapublications.org)
Adolescent2
  • Prevalence rates of both adolescent homelessness and HIV seropositivity are unknown. (nau.edu)
  • What are adolescent perceptions of and attitudes toward health-care and HIV service delivery? (bvsalud.org)
Antibody3
  • After the HIV antibody test became available in 1985, the risk of getting HIV infection from blood transfusion was virtually eliminated in developed countries with the establishment of universal screening of blood donations. (who.int)
  • From each patient three specimens were obtained for Ziehl Neelsen staining and 4ml of blood were collected for HIV antibody testing. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Four milliliters of blood were collected from each subject for HIV antibody testing. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
Seropositive5
  • Strains of XDR der inpatient management conditions permit relatively high TB are increasingly seen in HIV-seropositive persons with treatment success rates in MDR and XDR TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, all three patients who tested seropositive for HIV either started or re-initiated anti-viral treatment. (natap.org)
  • Overall, the homeless community is three and fourteen times more likely to be HIV and HCV seropositive, respectively compared to housed persons [9-11], thus HIV/HCV services are greatly needed for this vulnerable population. (natap.org)
  • In total, 25/102 (24.5%) tested seropositive for HCV and 3/98 (3.1%) tested seropositive for HIV (Table 1). (natap.org)
  • Therefore, routine testing to identify HHV-8-seropositive, HIV-infected patients is not recommended (strong, very low) . (hiv.gov)
Seroconversion4
  • The frequency of seroconversion after transfusion of HIV-infected blood is very high, over 90% [2]. (who.int)
  • 0.97), despite the seroconversion to HIV being 1/68 in the PEP group and 10/132 in the group not receiving PEP. (port.ac.uk)
  • In a longitudinal study of a small Nigerian cohort of people who had undergone seroconversion, the median delay between plasma and oral fluid reactivity was 29 days, which occurred regardless of viral load or HIV subtype. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
  • Acute HIV-1 infection, which is defined biologically as the period from HIV blood detection until seroconversion, is usually easily diagnosed based on the presence of the p24 antigen. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Patients26
  • A study evaluating a linkage-to-care initiative for those experiencing homelessness in New Orleans, LA during the COVD-19 Pandemic found effective strategies in connecting HIV and HCV patients with follow-up care. (natap.org)
  • During the study period, 108 patients were tested for HIV and/or HCV and six patients were excluded because they were a non-homeless employee of the temporary housing site who received testing or completed treatment prior to the study. (natap.org)
  • Conclusions: This study highlights the extreme caution that needs to be exercised in prescribing BZDs to all patients in general and patients with injecting drug use or histories of drug abuse in particular. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Background HIV-positive patients are facing age-and disease-related comorbidities. (unimi.it)
  • For HIV-infected patients initiating ART, are any specific ART regimens associated with lower rates of Kaposi sarcoma? (hiv.gov)
  • Effective suppression of HIV replication with ART is recommended for all patients with evidence of active Kaposi sarcoma and other HHV-8-associated malignant lymphoproliferative disorders (strong, very low) . (hiv.gov)
  • Effective suppression of HIV replication with ART in HIV-infected patients with Kaposi sarcoma may prevent Kaposi sarcoma progression or occurrence of new lesions and may decrease risk of recurrence after remission. (hiv.gov)
  • METHODS: Cross-sectional study of all patients with coexisting GD and HIV at University Hospitals Birmingham (2003-2014). (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Many challenges exist in such patients, particularly HAART drug interactions with antithyroid and immunosuppressant medications. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • To better understand TED in HIV and to counsel patients with this copathology most effectively, future multicenter surveillance is required. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Literature on the spectrum of opportunistic disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients from developing countries is sparse. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One hundred and thirty five consecutive, HIV-infected patients (age 34 ± 10 years, females 17%) admitted to a tertiary care hospital in north India, for the evaluation and management of an OI or HIV-related disorder between January 2000 and July 2003, were studied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A wide spectrum of disease, including both OIs and non-infectious opportunistic diseases, is seen in hospitalised HIV-infected patients from north India. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Though the majority of HIV-infected population lives in developing nations, there is a paucity of data on natural history, pattern of disease and survival of hospitalised patients with HIV/AIDS from these regions, especially India. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We describe a series of 135 consecutive patients with HIV/AIDS, aged 13 years and above, admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.) hospital, New Delhi during the period of January 2000 through July 2003. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A.I.I.M.S. is a large tertiary level teaching hospital and referral centre located in north India, attending to HIV-infected patients apart from others. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Decision to admit was taken by the treating physician and all patients were hospitalised for the evaluation and treatment of a suspected OI or HIV-related disorder. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In patients with HIV infection, CMV involves the entire GI tract. (medscape.com)
  • Retinitis is the most common manifestation of CMV disease in patients who are HIV positive. (medscape.com)
  • Approximately 70-80% of HIV-infected patients will be treated for an HIV-associated eye disorder during the course of their illness. (medscape.com)
  • The predictive value of the CD4 + T-cell count for ocular complications in HIV infection has been called into question by reports of CMV retinitis in patients with CD4 + cell counts higher than 200 cells/mL. (medscape.com)
  • Despite these uncertainties, the CD4 + cell count has remained the predicting parameter for the occurrence of specific ocular infection in patients who are HIV positive, at least until antigen-specific tests of T-lymphocyte function become widely available. (medscape.com)
  • HZO affects about 5-15% of patients who are infected with HIV. (medscape.com)
  • Kaposi sarcoma is seen commonly in patients who are infected with HIV, where 3 histologic types of tumors have been described based on appearance of the vascular endothelium and the number of spindle cells. (medscape.com)
  • Kaposi sarcoma occurs in about 25% of patients who are HIV positive. (medscape.com)
  • It isolates people from the community and affects the overall quality of life of HIV patients [ 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Adolescents5
  • For some adolescents, testing HIV positive is perceived as advantageous in the procurement of basic needs such as food and shelter. (nau.edu)
  • HIV risk for many homeless adolescents stems directly from their state of homelessness. (nau.edu)
  • Globally, over two million adolescents aged 10-19, and five million young people aged 15-24 are living with HIV. (bvsalud.org)
  • For these guidelines, two other reviews were conducted to examine the availability of HIV testing and counselling services for adolescents and services providing HIV care and treatment for ALHIV. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results from this review will inform the development of World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on the provision of health and HIV care to adolescents living with HIV. (bvsalud.org)
Methods3
  • Methods-- Data from the NSFG Cycle 6, conducted by the Centers for Disease immunodeficiency virus or HIV, the Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), are based virus that causes acquired on interviews with a national sample of the household population of the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that estimated founder variant multiplicity in HIV-1 infection, searching MEDLINE, Embase, and Global Health databases for papers published between Jan 1, 1990, and Sept 14, 2020. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Methods: Adult HIV positive individuals (104) attending the medical outpatient clinic in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapies (HAARTs) were recruited in a randomized fashion for the study. (bvsalud.org)
Human9
  • Antiretroviral therapy that reduces viral replication could limit the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples. (nih.gov)
  • Association between HIV-1 tropism and CCR5 human haplotype E in a Caucasian population. (yale.edu)
  • Abstract- The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the causative agent of AIDS and this has been found to be neurotropic. (weeksmd.com)
  • Research has shown that T vaginalis infection is associated with an increased risk of infection with several STIs, including gonorrhea, human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and, most importantly, HIV. (medscape.com)
  • The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) acknowledges the substantial financial contribution of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) to the preparation of the 2002 International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects . (unibuc.ro)
  • Pan-European consultation on HIV/AIDS in the context of public health and human rights : report of a Pan-European consultation, Prague, 26-27 November 1991 / organised jointly by WHO Global Programme on AIDS, Regional Office for Europe and the International Association of Rights and Humanity. (who.int)
  • HIV/AIDS in the context of public health and human rights. (who.int)
  • Ocular manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are common. (medscape.com)
  • In 2007, approximately 33 million people worldwide were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Interventions1
  • Structural interventions are an effective way of understanding the implications of HIV/AIDS from a perspective that does not blame or stigmatize those that are living with the virus. (bvsalud.org)
Transmission8
  • Female prostitutes are at increased risk for acquisition and potential transmission of HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • With establishment of HIV screening facilities, the proportion of AIDS cases due to blood transmission has decreased. (who.int)
  • AIDS due to blood transmission will continue to occur due to the time lag between the occurrence of HIV infection and appearance of AIDS. (who.int)
  • Considerable progress has been made to prevent transmission of HIV through blood in the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)
  • After the establishment of facilities for screening of blood donations against HIV, the proportion of AIDS cases due to transmission through blood or blood products started decreasing. (who.int)
  • Since many epidemiologic, virologic, and host factors can influence HIV transmission, it was difficult to conclude whether these differences in transmission probabilities were due to biologic properties associated with subtype. (mahidol.ac.th)
  • Heterosexual transmission was the commonest mode of HIV-acquisition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stigma enhances secrecy and denial, which are also catalysts for HIV transmission [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Disease6
  • Including those who were treated for a sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the past year, conducted between March 2002 and 11.9 percent of persons 15-44 years of age--13.0 percent males and 10.8 percent of March 2003 in the homes of 12,571 females--were at risk of HIV in 2002. (cdc.gov)
  • HIV-related, classic endemic, and iatrogenic) and with two rare neoplastic conditions usually associated with HIV infection: body cavity-based lymphoma, also known as primary effusion lymphoma (a B-cell lymphoma that typically arises in body cavities such as the pleural space), and multicentric Castleman disease (non-cancerous tumors that may develop in lymph nodes in a single site or in multiple sites throughout the body). (hiv.gov)
  • The search for more effective therapies to treat disease has traditionally focused on the development of new drugs. (weeksmd.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Graves' disease (GD) as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV has previously been reported. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • For other discussions of HIV infection, see HIV Disease , Pediatric HIV Infection , and Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection . (medscape.com)
  • People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face not only medical problems but also social problems associated with the disease. (hindawi.com)
AIDS and HIV2
  • Presently, the BBB is once again posing a problem with AIDS and HIV infection of the CNS. (weeksmd.com)
  • Health legislation and ethics in the field of AIDS and HIV infection : report on an international consultation, Oslo, 26-29 April 1988. (who.int)
Antiretroviral5
  • HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 counts between 350 and 550 cells per cubic millimeter were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive antiretroviral therapy either immediately (early therapy) or after a decline in the CD4 count or the onset of HIV-1-related symptoms (delayed therapy). (nih.gov)
  • Safe and potent antiretroviral medications in child-friendly formulations are needed to treat young children living with HIV-1. (nih.gov)
  • Studies were excluded if they reported data concerning people living with HIV-1 who had known or suspected superinfection, who were documented as having received pre-exposure prophylaxis, or if the transmitting partner was known to be receiving antiretroviral treatment. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Objective: This study investigated the beneficial role of M. oleifera (moringa) supplementation in HIV positive subjects receiving antiretroviral drugs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion: The results suggest that moringa has immune-beneficial properties and improved hematological abnormalities in HIV positive individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. (bvsalud.org)
Risk11
  • 2625 (66%) persons reported heterosexual contact with a partner with or at increased risk for HIV infection (Table 1, page 429). (cdc.gov)
  • 5 Testing for HIV is recommended for sexually active and at-risk youth, and should be repeated annually for those at high risk of infection. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • Do Supervised Injecting Facilities Attract Higher-Risk Injection Drug Users? (researchgate.net)
  • Risk from drug use. (cdc.gov)
  • HIV infection increases the risk of TB infection [8, 9] by 26 to 36 times [10,11] . (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Effective suppression of HIV replication with ART is recommended to reduce the risk of HHV-8-associated Kaposi sarcoma (strong, low) . (hiv.gov)
  • however, the women did show improvement in areas related to indirect risk (e.g., alcohol and crack use) and in several areas where change is most needed (e.g., trading sex for drugs and using condoms). (arizona.edu)
  • 4-6 Injection drug use may also be a risk factor for HHV-8 seropositivity, 7 although this association has not been consistently observed. (hiv.gov)
  • A drug called lenalidomide works well in people with less aggressive (low/intermediate risk) MM when used after a stem cell transplant, known as 'maintenance' treatment. (roche.com)
  • You will be given standard drugs (such as acetaminophen/paracetamol, antihistamines, and/or steroids) to help decrease the risk of side effects. (survivornet.com)
  • One of the barriers to reaching those who are at risk or infected with HIV/AIDS is stigma [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Systematic review1
  • This systematic review was conducted to look specifically at published literature on research conducted directly with ALHIV aimed at gaining their experiences with, perceptions of, and/or desires to access various types of HIV services. (bvsalud.org)
Detection1
  • Discussion Anogenital HPV DNA detection was less frequent than, but strongly associated with same-type HPV seropositivity. (bmj.com)
Viral load1
  • Retrospective case note review to identify TED with particular reference to HAART regimen, CD4+ T-cell count, HIV viral load, and TED activity and severity. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Treatment6
  • Extensive drug susceptibil- wide, and they are associated with worse treatment out- ity testing and availability of second- and third-line drugs un- comes than strains of MDR TB ( 8 , 10 , 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • A non-concurrent cohort study was performed assessing follow up in the treatment of HIV and HCV for this population. (natap.org)
  • PWID using SIFs are also more likely to have a history of drug treatment 11 and less likely to have injected with borrowed syringes/needles. (researchgate.net)
  • Simultaneous treatment with immunosuppressive drugs incl. (neuly.com)
  • Treatment is recommended for any individual who is newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection, regardless of the stage of infection. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
  • Training on AIDS for personnel in drug treatment centres : report on a WHO meeting, Bremen, 26-28 August 1987. (who.int)
Study5
  • In this study, the proposed once daily dosing of dolutegravir dispersible tablets provided drug exposures similar to those for adults, and was safe and well tolerated. (nih.gov)
  • Underlying societal factors related to heterosexual HIV infection, including deferral of marriage, warrant further study. (edu.pe)
  • Study Drug Administration. (survivornet.com)
  • You may ask the study staff for information about how these drugs are given and their risks. (survivornet.com)
  • Here we used individual patient data to calculate the probability of multiple founders stratified by route of HIV exposure and study methodology. (ed.ac.uk)
Results4
  • Results: 206 respondents (36%) were HIV positive, 428 (75%) were HCV positive, and 232 (40%) had RuJu beads. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • The results show that RuJu is highly associated with HIV seropositivity. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • Therefore, interpreting HIV test results during this brief window can provide an accurate estimation of time of infection. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
  • RESULTS: Of 783 subjects with GD and 1186 with HIV, 11 were identified with both GD and HIV. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Sexually1
  • For patient education information, see the Immune System Center and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Center , as well as HIV/AIDS . (medscape.com)
Regimens1
  • specifically, in triple-drug regimens females received less PIs (28% vs 38% p = 0.022) and more integrase inhibitors (30% vs. 20% p = 0.012). (unimi.it)
Epidemics1
  • This can be further substantiated by analyzing the overlap between the opioid and HIV/HCV epidemics with the homeless at the epicenter of both. (natap.org)
Qualitative1
  • More qualitative studies on HIV/AIDS stigma including stigma in health care institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa are recommended. (hindawi.com)
Heterosexual1
  • In contrast, the geographic distribution of men who reported heterosexual contact with a woman who used IV drugs was different from that of women with AIDS who were IVDUs (Table 2C). (cdc.gov)
Frequency1
  • OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of coexisting HIV and TED, describe TED presentation and course in the context of HIV, and evaluate management difficulties as well as potential solutions. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Infectious diseases1
  • Setting Ten Infectious Diseases Center participating to a new multicenter Italian geriatric Cohort aiming at describing health transition over time in HIV-positive individuals. (unimi.it)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "This article describes how the war on drugs and the fight against AIDS battled in the gay community, particularly against those who use crystal methamphetamine and engage in risky sex practices (i.e., condomless sex), have resulted in unintended consequences. (port.ac.uk)