• These conserved families of secreted morphogens/signals, such as Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Hedgehog (Hh), Wingless (Wg)/Wnt, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Decapentaplegic (Dpp - a BMP homolog), act away from their sources and, upon binding to receptors, activate gene regulatory pathways to induce functions in recipient cells 1 , 2 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Essential roles of cytonemes or cytoneme-like filopodia have been discovered in many vertebrate and invertebrate systems and are implicated in most signaling pathways, including Hh, Dpp, FGF, EGF, Ephrin, and Wnt under various contexts 4 - 18 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Protein kinases are one of the largest and most influential of gene families: constituting some 2% of the proteome, they regulate almost all biochemical pathways and may phosphorylate up to 30% of the proteome. (wormbook.org)
  • By phosphorylating substrate proteins, kinases modify the activity, location and affinities of up to 30% of all cellular proteins, and direct most cellular processes, particularly in signal transduction and co-ordination of complex pathways. (wormbook.org)
  • The focus of Dr. Berg's work is on the signaling proteins and pathways regulating T lymphocyte development, differentiation, activation, and migration, with a strong emphasis on T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Our work provides a new understanding of GOAT's catalytic mechanism, establishes that GOAT can interact with ghrelin and other peptides located outside the cell, and raises the possibility that other peptide hormones may exhibit similar complexity in their intercellular and organismal-level signaling pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • The thymic selection of the human T-cell receptor repertoire releases polyspecific receptors with the ability to recognize and respond to peptides from unrelated viruses. (elifesciences.org)
  • All transmembrane receptors in the families I've encountered in my reading bind to specific patterns of amino acids within a peptide or complete protein or a combination of protein and sugar or fat. (readingthinkingandwriting.com)
  • In Drosophila , FGF produced in wing-disc cells regulates the development of the disc-associated air-sac-primordium (ASP). (biorxiv.org)
  • Thus, GPI-anchored FGF organizes both source and recipient cells and self-regulates its cytoneme-mediated tissue-specific dispersion and signaling. (biorxiv.org)
  • The receptor tyrosine phosphatase Lar regulates adhesion between Drosophila male germline stem cells and the niche. (uchicago.edu)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • It was observed that CDK8-CycC positively regulates transcription activated by Mad (Mothers against dpp) , the primary transcription factor downstream of the Dpp/TGFβ signaling pathway . (sdbonline.org)
  • The embryonic Drosophila cDNA library was screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a primer derived from the EGF-like repeats region of chicken tenascin-C protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • During development, intercellular communication of morphogens is critical for embryonic cells to determine their positional identity, directionality, and interactions in an organized pattern to sculpt tissue. (biorxiv.org)
  • Drosophila embryonic neuroblasts in culture: autonomous differentiation of specific neurotransmitters. (uchicago.edu)
  • Gonadal dysgenesis reveals sexual dimorphism in the embryonic germline of Drosophila. (uchicago.edu)
  • TATA-box binding protein is not required for RNA Polymerase II transcription in mouse embryonic stem cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • The TCAP is the resulting peptide from cleaving a putative furin cleavage site found immediately on the N-terminal of TCAP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brainiac encodes a novel, putative secreted protein that cooperates with Grk TGF alpha in the genesis of the follicular epithelium. (uchicago.edu)
  • Characterization of a putative Drosophila GTP-binding protein. (uchicago.edu)
  • Rapid and comprehensive analysis of putative proteinous allergens ( allergenome ) by applying such a proteomic strategy … With allergenomics, we can not only detect and assign the putative allergens (proteins specifically interacting with IgE antibodies in a patient's blood) in a short time, but also analyze the quantitative and qualitative change of the antigens, depending on the surroundings and environmental conditions of an allergenic causative. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Coupled with enzyme mutagenesis, ligand uptake studies support the interaction of the putative histidine general base within GOAT with the ghrelin peptide acylation site. (bvsalud.org)
  • All teneurins, especially in mouse, are type II transmembrane proteins that are composed of a large extracellular C terminal domain of ~2400 amino acid residues, a single transmembrane helical domain of ~30 hydrophobic residues and an intracellular N terminal domain of ~300-375 residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Disrupting any component in this pathway led to disrupted SD on the cell surface and intracellular accumulation of mislocalized SD proteins. (sdbonline.org)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • Errors in intracellular signaling have been shown to play a role in cancer as well as many other conditions. (readingthinkingandwriting.com)
  • The ensemble of the data highlights sp2-IGLs as a promising new class of molecules against inflammation by interfering in Toll-like receptor intracellular signaling. (cnrs.fr)
  • Since discovery of teneurins in Drosophila, many other laboratories have independently described the Ten-a and Ten-m/Odz homolog proteins in different vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study implicates the Drosophila GAK homolog, auxilin (aux) , in a broad spectrum of parkinsonian-like symptoms. (sdbonline.org)
  • Further analysis of two overlapping deficiency lines and mutant alleles led to identification of genetic interactions between the CDK8-CycC pair and the components of the Decapentaplegic (Dpp, the Drosophila homolog of TGFβ, or Transforming Growth Factor-β) signaling pathway. (sdbonline.org)
  • It deals with the structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings bring along a paradox - not only do signals instruct cells and organize discrete cellular patterns, but cells also control the patterns of signal presentation and reception by organizing the distribution of cytonemes and cytoneme contacts 6 , 9 . (biorxiv.org)
  • The nuclear membrane protein SUN1 stabilizes endothelial cell-cell junctions far from the nucleus via regulation of microtubule dynamics and Rho GEF-H1 signaling, revealing long-range cellular communication important for vascular development and function. (elifesciences.org)
  • His group uses molecular and cellular tools combined with network theory to explore the links between calcium signaling, cellular behavior and the early events leading to the destruction of normal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). (swansea.ac.uk)
  • This strategy allows the particular elucidation regarding cell-specific prohormone processing along with the finding of mobile or portable cellular signaling peptides.Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 can be a mainly food-borne bacterial virus that's competent at creating life-threatening human being infections and also positions a life threatening obstacle in order to public wellness worldwide. (mrt67307inhibitor.com)
  • For example, reduced insulin signalling underlies the defects in glucose metabolism observed in diabetes,whereas changes in lipid metabolism associated with obesity are an important causative factor in establishing cellular insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes ( Haslam and James,2005 ). (silverchair.com)
  • Strikingly, each signal and signaling pathway can generate a wide range of cell types and organizations in diverse contexts 3 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Using the Drosophila nephrocyte as a genetic screen platform, most genes involved in endocytosis and cell trafficking were screened, and the key components were identified of the cell trafficking pathway required for SD protein endocytosis and recycling. (sdbonline.org)
  • The SD protein endocytosis and recycling pathway was found to contain clathrin , dynamin , AP-2 complex, like-AP180 (Lap) , auxilin and Hsc70-4 (the endocytosis part) followed by Rab11 and the exocyst complex (the recycling part). (sdbonline.org)
  • This study provides the first in vivo evidence of trapped SD proteins in clathrin-coated pits at the plasma membrane when this pathway is disrupted. (sdbonline.org)
  • All genes in this SD protein endocytosis and recycling pathway, as well as SD proteins themselves, are highly conserved from flies to humans. (sdbonline.org)
  • Thus, these results suggest that the SD proteins in human kidney undergo the same endocytosis and recycling pathway to maintain the filtration structure, and mutations in any genes in this pathway could lead to abnormal SD and renal diseases. (sdbonline.org)
  • We provide evidence that TerC family proteins function in metalation of enzymes during export through the general secretion (Sec-dependent) pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • MeeF and MeeY copurify with proteins of the general secretory pathway, and in their absence the FtsH membrane protease is essential for viability. (bvsalud.org)
  • We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
  • Cyclin-G-associated kinase (GAK) , a PD susceptibility gene identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase involved in clathrin uncoating (see Drosophila Clathrin heavy chain ), though its PD-related function remains elusive. (sdbonline.org)
  • The Drosophila clathrin heavy chain gene: clathrin function is essential in a multicellular organism. (uchicago.edu)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • With 35,000 genes and hundreds of thousands of protein states to identify, correlate, and understand, it no longer suffices to rely on studies of one gene, gene product, or process at a time. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • High density arrays of extraordinarily sensitive integrated microring resonators will allow many gene and protein signatures to be simultaneously quantitated from a single patient sample. (nih.gov)
  • DroID, the Drosophila Interactions Database, assembles gene and protein interaction data from a variety of sources into one easily accessible, comprehensive database. (biokeanos.com)
  • Here, we find that persistent mtDNA stress is not associated with basally activated NF-κB signalling or interferon gene expression typical of an acute antiviral response. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)
  • Drosophila has been a powerful system for deciphering the conserved mechanisms that regulate hormone signaling, sugar and lipid homeostasis, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the nutritional regulation of development. (sdbonline.org)
  • The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling (IIS) cascade performs a broad range of evolutionarily conserved functions, including the regulation of growth, developmental timing and lifespan, and the control of sugar, protein and lipid metabolism. (silverchair.com)
  • We find that loss of the IIS signalling antagonist PTEN, which stimulates cell growth in most developing tissues, produces a very different phenotype in nurse cells, inducing formation of highly enlarged lipid droplets. (silverchair.com)
  • Furthermore, we show that the accumulation of activated Akt in the cytoplasm is responsible for this phenotype and leads to a much higher expression of LSD2, the fly homologue of the vertebrate lipid-storage protein perilipin. (silverchair.com)
  • Our work therefore reveals a signalling mechanism by which the effect of insulin on lipid metabolism could be regulated independently of some of its other functions during development and adulthood. (silverchair.com)
  • Using this system, we discovered an unexpected role for synaptic periactive zone (PAZ) membrane remodeling machinery in EV cargo sorting, stability and release from axon terminals at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction. (grantome.com)
  • This makes kinase signaling particularly amenable to comparative studies, and kinase activity a particularly good readout of the physiological state of any cell. (wormbook.org)
  • Most protein kinases share a common ePK (eukaryotic protein kinase) catalytic domain, and can be identified by sequence similarity with Blast or profile hidden Markov models (HMMs). (wormbook.org)
  • We identified 438 protein kinase genes, including 20 atypical kinases, and an additional 25 kinase fragments or pseudogenes. (wormbook.org)
  • A further 91 subfamilies were found in all three metazoan kinomes, including the tyrosine kinase (TK) group and the TKL group, which mediate much of the complexity of intercellular signal transduction. (wormbook.org)
  • Her work on the T cell tyrosine kinase ITK has revealed a critical role for this TCR signaling protein in autoreactive T cell trafficking into tissues such as the pancreas and the intestine. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • In Drosophila, all growth occurs during the larval stage when larvae constantly feed, and as a result their body mass increases approximately 200-fold within 4 d, largely due to de novo lipogenesis. (sdbonline.org)
  • Finally, blocking EGFR signaling completely suppresses the defects caused by aux depletion. (sdbonline.org)
  • To identify upstream regulators or downstream effectors of CDK8, a dominant modifier genetic screen was performed in Drosophila based on the defects in vein patterning caused by specific depletion or overexpression of CDK8 or CycC in developing wing imaginal discs. (sdbonline.org)
  • The benefits of integrating cross-species systems genetics platforms to advance knowledge in the underlying mechanisms that drive cardiometabolic diseases have been investigated. (elifesciences.org)
  • The molecular mechanisms of ecdysone-regulated metamorphosis and developmental timing have been studied extensively in Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
  • Specifically, we propose: 1) To elucidate in vivo mechanisms of EV traffic and release by PAZ proteins. (grantome.com)
  • SD proteins are known to undergo endocytosis and recycling to maintain the integrity of the filtration structure. (sdbonline.org)
  • The aggregation of both amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides extracellularly and Tau proteins intracellularly plays key roles in the pathological consequences of AD, which lead to cholinergic neurodegeneration and eventually death. (inra.fr)
  • Demonstration of the immune neutrality of peptide-carbon nanotubes reinforces their potential use as substrates for neuronal regeneration in vivo. (cnrs.fr)
  • Finally, we utilised the Drosophila wing imaginal disc model to demonstrate that the homologue of TMED10, Baiser (Bai), participates in Hedgehog (Hh) secretion and signalling in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • The prevalence and similarities of these signaling filopodia suggest that the polarized target-specific morphogen exchange through filopodial contacts is an evolutionarily conserved signaling mechanism. (biorxiv.org)
  • Such radiations include genes involved in spermatogenesis, chemosensation, Wnt signaling and FGF receptor-like kinases. (wormbook.org)
  • Our experimental focus is on the mammalian setting using multiomics, informatics, mouse genetics, human genetics, single cell studies, and new human tissue platforms. (stanford.edu)
  • To address this and to also study the oncogenic potential of unregulated function of dominant regulators of epithelial homeostasis noted above, we developed Multi-Functional Human Tissue Genetics noted above which, when combined with skin tissue regeneration on immune deficient mice, has permitted the molecular reconstruction of events sufficient to trigger human cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • However, various names were assigned to these vertebrate homologs, which complicated the nomenclature of teneurin proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • A heterogeneous family of water-soluble structural proteins found in cells of the vertebrate lens. (lookformedical.com)
  • Interestingly, aux depletion causes a dramatic increase in EGFR signaling, with a strong accumulation of EGFR at the plasma membrane and an increased expression of EGFR ligands in response to tissue stress. (sdbonline.org)
  • The primary implement for this environmental sensing and intercellular communication is the transmembrane receptor. (readingthinkingandwriting.com)
  • MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
  • DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
  • Antibodies often encounter their binding targets, or ligands, in proteins found covering the surface of a pathogen such as a bacterium. (readingthinkingandwriting.com)
  • Here we have synthesized and investigated new variants of sp2-IGLs for their ability to suppress the activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling through Toll-like receptor 4. (cnrs.fr)
  • aux depletion leads to excessive ISC proliferation and midgut homeostasis disruption, which is unlikely caused by defective Notch signaling. (sdbonline.org)
  • Non-thermal disruption of β-adrenergic receptor-activated Ca2+ signalling and apoptosis in human ES-derived cardiomyocytes by microwave electric fields at 2.4 GHz. (swansea.ac.uk)
  • Here, we show that FGF is Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored to the producing cell surface and that this modification both inhibits free FGF secretion and activates target-specific bidirectional FGF-FGFR signaling through cytonemes. (biorxiv.org)
  • In contrast, traditional models predict that the signal presentation from the source via free secretion and extracellular diffusion is a non-selective process. (biorxiv.org)
  • How signaling proteins generate a multitude of information to organize tissue patterns is critical to understanding morphogenesis. (biorxiv.org)
  • Understanding how signals might inform cells of their positional identity, directionality, and interactions and organize these functions in diverse tissue-specific patterns is critical to understanding morphogenesis. (biorxiv.org)
  • The discrete tissue-specific organization of morphogen signaling is known to be dependent on the ability of signal-receiving cells to selectively sense and respond to a specific signal 3 . (biorxiv.org)
  • These new models, which we term Multi-Functional Human Tissue Genetics, allow up to 10 alleles or more to be altered simultaneously, permitting genetic experiments with an unprecedented degree of rapidity and complexity. (stanford.edu)
  • Additionally, our data suggest that acquisition of aleurone cell fate does not solely rely upon signalling from the maternal surrounding tissue to the periphery of the endosperm, as previously thought, but that other factor(s) present within the endosperm are involved. (biologists.com)
  • To achieve these goals we will use advanced Drosophila genetics, live cell imaging techniques, structured illumination microscopy, electron microscopy, and tissue-specific detection and manipulation of EV cargoes in donor and recipient cells. (grantome.com)
  • Netrin1 elevated the neuronal difference fee associated with BMSCs and NSCs and also upregulated the actual appearance in the neuronal marker pens, microtubule-associated health proteins (Map2), neurofilament, along with β3-tubulin. (pgdsreceptor.com)
  • Akt is activated by increased levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)- P 3 ], a phospholipid signalling molecule produced by IIS-regulated class I PI3-kinases( Downward, 1998 ). (silverchair.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • This study set out to characterise structural components of IgG C-terminal variants which modulate protein expression by examination of the consequences of mutations at the C-terminal of IgG on expression and by the use of fluorescent C-terminal fragment fusion proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, recent advances in microscopy revealed that both signal-producing and receiving cells could extend signaling filopodia named cytonemes and selectively deliver or receive signals through cytoneme-cell contact sites 4 - 9 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Scanning electron microscopy of Drosophila embryogenesis. (uchicago.edu)
  • The proteins were called Ten-ms in zebrafish, teneurins in chicken, Ten-m1-4, Odz1-4, Ten-m/Odz1-4, DOC4 in mouse, neurestin in rat, and teneurin or Odz in human. (wikipedia.org)
  • The information obtained by a cell at its surface will induce signals within the cytoplasm that end in a variety of effects including cell motility (movement), maturation, and even death. (readingthinkingandwriting.com)
  • An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Your microbe outer-membrane proteins intimin plays an important function inside the initiation process of EHEC contamination. (mrt67307inhibitor.com)
  • However, hormone receptor negative (triple negative) tumors overwhelmingly overexpress p53 protein in tumor cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) plays a central role in the maturation and activation of the peptide hormone ghrelin, which performs a wide range of endocrinological signaling roles. (bvsalud.org)
  • RNA-protein multiome approach helps to discover that the posttranscriptional regulation of the translational machinery is crucial for the fidelity of cortical development. (elifesciences.org)
  • These results suggest that CDK8 and CycC, together with a few other subunits of the MED complex, may coordinate with other transcription cofactors in regulating Mad-dependent transcription during wing development in Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
  • Niche-associated activation of rac promotes the asymmetric division of Drosophila female germline stem cells. (uchicago.edu)
  • Contact-mediated FGF-FGFR binding induces bidirectional signaling, which, in turn, promotes ASP and source cells to polarize cytonemes toward each other and reinforce signaling contacts. (biorxiv.org)
  • The remaining atypical protein kinases (aPK) belong to several families, some of which have structural, but not sequence similarity to ePKs. (wormbook.org)
  • EVs are thought to contribute to many human health conditions, including the spread of pathological proteins in neurodegenerative disease. (grantome.com)
  • The autonomous function of germ plasm in a somatic region of the Drosophila egg. (uchicago.edu)
  • These vesicles carry cargo that can contribute to normal brain function, but in neurological disorders including Parkinson?s and Alzheimer?s Diseases, they can also spread toxic proteins throughout the brain. (grantome.com)
  • Using a tight-binding fluorescent ghrelin-derived peptide designed for high selectivity for GOAT over the ghrelin receptor GHSR, we demonstrate that GOAT interacts with extracellular ghrelin and facilitates ligand cell internalization in both transfected cells and prostate cancer cells endogenously expressing GOAT. (bvsalud.org)