Double stranded dna gyrase. Medical search. Frequent questions

DNA gyrase, or simply gyrase, is an enzyme within the class of topoisomerase and is a subclass of Type II topoisomerases that reduces topological strain in an ATP dependent manner while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by elongating RNA-polymerase or by helicase in front of the progressing replication fork. (wikipedia.org)
The ability of gyrase (and topoisomerase IV) to relax positive supercoils allows superhelical tension ahead of the polymerase to be released so that replication can continue. (wikipedia.org)
FQs act by inhibiting bacterial type IIA topoisomerases, specifically DNA gyrase (composed of GyrA and B subunits) and topoisomerase IV (composed of ParC and E subunits). (nature.com)
VRE and MRSA both harbour these target-site mutations, with point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of topoisomerase IV. (nature.com)
Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase). (enzolifesciences.com)
Gyrase and topoisomerase IV are the targets of fluoroquinolone antibacterials. (nih.gov)
One approach is to develop non-fluoroquinolone drugs that also target gyrase and topoisomerase IV but interact differently with the enzymes. (nih.gov)
Fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms include efflux pumps (MepA, NorA, NorB, NorC, MdeA, LmrS or SdrM in S. aureus and EfmA or EfrAB in the enterococci) for removal of fluoroquinolone from the intracellular environment of bacterial cells and/or protection of the gyrase and topoisomerase IV target sites in Enterococcus faecalis by Qnr-like proteins. (springer.com)
Novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) are an emerging class of antibacterials that target gyrase and topoisomerase IV. (bvsalud.org)
A hallmark of NBTIs is their ability to induce gyrase/topoisomerase IV-mediated single-stranded DNA breaks and suppress the generation of double-stranded breaks. (bvsalud.org)
To further explore the ability of this NBTI subclass to increase double-stranded DNA breaks, we examined the effects of OSUAB-185 on DNA cleavage mediated by Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrase and topoisomerase IV. (bvsalud.org)
However, the compound stabilized both single- and double-stranded DNA breaks mediated by topoisomerase IV. (bvsalud.org)
The induction of double-stranded breaks does not appear to correlate with the binding of a second OSUAB-185 molecule and extends to fluoroquinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae topoisomerase IV, as well as type II enzymes from other bacteria and humans. (bvsalud.org)
A screening of these compounds identified active Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase inhibitors which do not inhibit human DNA topoisomerase IIα and topoisomerase I. (bvsalud.org)
Type II topoisomerase (Top2) poisoning therapy is used to treat a broad range of cancers via induction of double strand breaks (DSBs) in cells undergoing replication and transcription. (bvsalud.org)
Sequence analysis of an Indian isolate showed a unique strain with high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin associated with double mutations in the DNA gyrase subunit gyr A (Ser83→Phe and Asp87→Gly) and a mutation in topoisomerase IV subunit par C (Ser80→Arg). (cdc.gov)
We analyzed, by DNA sequencing, the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes of the first reported highly fluoroquinolone-resistant S . Paratyphi A isolate ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
We looked at the full coding sequence, including the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR), of both subunits of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV for mutations associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones. (cdc.gov)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification ( Table 1 ) and direct DNA sequencing of both strands of the full length of gyrase ( gyrA and gyrB ) and topoisomerase IV ( parC and parE ) subunit genes was performed with an ABI Prism dye terminator cycle sequencing kit (Perkin Elmer, Foster City, CA, USA) on an ABI 3730 automated sequencer. (cdc.gov)
The regular synthesis of DNA requires the presence of enzymes ofbacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. (veapharma.com)
There are multiple types of drugs that block DNA replication, including topoisomerase inhibitors and chain elongation inhibitors , such as nucleoside analogs. (sketchy.com)
DNA Topoisomerase is a nuclease enzyme that break a phosphodiester bond in a DNA strand. (biotechfront.com)
The function of Topoisomerase is relaxes the DNA from its super coiled nature. (biotechfront.com)
This enzyme is used to make sure the double stranded areas out side of the replication fork do not supercoil , DNA Gyrase is one type of topoisomerase. (biotechfront.com)
Biochemical studies from the laboratory have revealed several unusual characteristics of the topoisomerase I from Msm such as site specificity, ability to bind single as well as double stranded DNA with high affinity and absence of Zn2+ fingers required for DNA relaxation activity in other Type I enzymes. (iisc.ac.in)
In fact, topoisomerase does not cause any density shift of genomic DNA in this analysis (Fig. 1) for two reasons. (topogen.com)
For many gram-negative bacteria DNA gyrase is the target, whereas topoisomerase IV is the target for many gram-positive bacteria. (hmdb.ca)

Two classes of antibiotics that inhibit gyrase are: The aminocoumarins (including novobiocin and Coumermycin A1), which work by competitive inhibition of energy transduction of DNA gyrase by binding to the ATPase active site on the GyrB subunit. (wikipedia.org)
DNA polymerase III subunits gamma and tau domain III, DNA polymerase III subunits tau domain IV DnaB-binding, DNA polymerase III tau subunit V interacting with alpha [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Our protein synthesis inhibitor system utilizes the double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), which reversibly phosphorylates the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2α) to control protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We propose a two-subunit escort translocation mechanism that is strict enough to enable SpoIIIE to track one DNA strand, yet sufficiently compliant to permit the motor to bypass inactive subunits without arrest. (elifesciences.org)
The experiments suggest that the DNA is handed over from one SpoIIIE subunit to another in a sequential order. (elifesciences.org)
measured how SpoIIIE steps along the DNA and found that each subunit takes a small two base pair step when energy is released from a single molecule of ATP. (elifesciences.org)

The helical nature of the DNA causes positive supercoils to accumulate ahead of a translocating enzyme, in the case of DNA replication, a DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
Following this, primase generates an RNA primer before DNA polymerase III starts to synthesize the new complementary DNA strand. (sketchy.com)
Additionally, DNA polymerase III also removes mismatched bases through its 3 to 5 prime exonuclease activity. (sketchy.com)
What roles do DNA polymerase, telomerase, and DNA ligase play in DNA replication? (sketchy.com)
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands complementary to the template strands by adding nucleotides to the growing chain. (sketchy.com)
A number of enzymes and proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis, Most prominently, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new strands by adding nucleotides that complement each (template) strand. (biotechfront.com)
Primase provides a starting point of RNA (or DNA) for DNA polymerase to begin synthesise of the new DNA strand. (biotechfront.com)
Because DNA polymerase requires free 3'-OH group for bind to DNA for starting replication. (biotechfront.com)
DNA dependent DNA polymerase enzyme that can synthesise a new strand on a DNA tamplate. (biotechfront.com)
DNA polymerase has different types in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. (biotechfront.com)
Eukaryotes has 5 types of DNA polymerase which are DNA polymerase α, β, γ, δ and ε. (biotechfront.com)
Beta clamps are the protein which prevents elongating DNA polymerase from dissociating from the DNA parent strand. (biotechfront.com)
It helps hold the DNA polymerase in place on the DNA. (biotechfront.com)
By testing antibiotics having known focuses on we statement that compounds focusing on the integrity of DNA confers a sporulation defect at sub-inhibitory concentrations, whereas compounds that target the ribosome, RNA polymerase, the cell wall, and the cell's electrochemical gradient have only a simple antibacterial effect. (imacst.com)
The prepriming intermediate enables primase to synthesize a short primer that is extended by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, leading to the formation of RF II, which is then converted to superhelical RF I by the successive actions of DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase, and DNA gyrase (unpublished observations). (nih.gov)
SS) requires the partici- pation of @X-encoded gene A protein, host rep protein, SSB, and DNA polymerase III holoenzyme to produce multiple copies of covalently closed, single-stranded viral circles from RF I. Replication is initiated by gene A protein, which creates a nick in the viral strand at the origin of RF replication (14-16). (nih.gov)
protein_coding" "AAC73572","dnaX","Escherichia coli","DNA polymerase III/DNA elongation factor III, tau and gamma subunits [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
DNA polymerase III, Processivity clamp loader gamma complex DNA pol III C-term [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
An ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase which is a component of the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor, involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. (embl.de)
Mutazyme I, if one reads the patents, is nothing more than exo- Pfu DNA polymerase with polymerase enhancing factor (PEF) to make it work better (not stall if dUTP is present). (matteoferla.com)

DNA gyrase is a tetrameric enzyme that consists of 2 GyrA ("A") and 2 GyrB ("B") subunits. (wikipedia.org)
The two regions correspond to DNA binding by C-terminal domains of GyrA subunits and resemble eukaryotic nucleosome binding motif. (wikipedia.org)
More recently, DNM was found to have activity against FQR MRSA with the S84L mutation in GyrA of DNA gyrase 15 . (nature.com)
Mutagenesis in the alpha3alpha4 GyrA helix and in the Toprim domain of GyrB refines the contribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase to intrinsic resistance to quinolones. (omicsdi.org)
The replacement of M74 in GyrA, A83 in GyrA, and R447 in GyrB of Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase by their Escherichia coli homologs resulted in active enzymes as quinolone susceptible as the E. coli gyrase. (omicsdi.org)
This demonstrates that the primary structure of gyrase determines intrinsic quinolone resistance and was supported by a three-dimensional model of N-terminal GyrA. (omicsdi.org)
Molecular cloning of the gyrA and gyrB genes of Bacteroides fragilis encoding DNA gyrase. (omicsdi.org)
On the basis of the sequence information, we performed DNA amplification for sequencing and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis to examine the presumed quinolone resistance regions of gyrA and gyrB from reference strains (n = 4) and clinical isolates (n = 55). (omicsdi.org)
The gyrA and gyrB sequence information will facilitate analysis of the mechanisms of resistance to drugs which target the gyrase and the implementation of rapid strategies for the estimation of FQ susceptibility in clinical M. tuberculosis isolates. (omicsdi.org)
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the DNA gyrase gyrA gene from Serratia marcescens and characterization of mutations in gyrA of quinolone-resistant clinical isolates. (omicsdi.org)
The sequence of the DNA gyrase gyrA gene of Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 was determined. (omicsdi.org)

It inhibits DNA gyrase in susceptible organisms, and therefore promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA. (medscape.com)
Ciprofloxacin promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA in susceptible organisms and inhibits DNA gyrase, which is essential in reproduction of bacterial. (arogga.com)

Gyrase is present in prokaryotes and some eukaryotes, but the enzymes are not entirely similar in structure or sequence, and have different affinities for different molecules. (wikipedia.org)
At the replication fork, many replication enzymes assemble on the DNA into a complex molecular machine called the replisome . (biotechfront.com)
The following is a list of major DNA replication enzymes that participate in the replisome. (biotechfront.com)
These enzymes solve the problems associated with the DNA topology by cutting and rejoining the DNA. (iisc.ac.in)
Although the fundamental strategies to duplicate chromosomes are similar in all free-living organisms, the enzymes of the three domains of life that perform similar functions in DNA replication differ in amino acid sequence and their three-dimensional structures. (mdpi.com)
In this study, delivery vehicles comprised of microvesicles loaded with engineered minicircle (MC) DNA that encodes prodrug converting enzymes were developed as a cancer therapy in mammary carcinoma models. (regenerativemedicine.net)

DNA topoisomerases work to remove any supercoils created during the unwinding process. (sketchy.com)
In Chapter 1 of the thesis, an introduction has been provided about DNA topology, DNA topoisomerases with respect to their biochemical properties and structure and the role of Mg2+ in the reaction cycle. (iisc.ac.in)
Type IA topoisomerases cleave single-stranded DNA and relieve negative supercoils in discrete steps corresponding to the passage of the intact DNA strand through the cleaved strand. (nih.gov)
Although type IA topoisomerases are assumed to accomplish this strand passage via a protein-mediated DNA gate, opening of this gate has never been observed. (nih.gov)

Inhibits DNA gyrase activity, which in turn promotes breakage of DNA strands. (medscape.com)
Inhibits cell division and causes double-strand breaks in the bacterial chromosome. (enzolifesciences.com)
Castor NF Cream inhibits the regular synthesis ofbacterial DNA, obstructing the process of their cell division. (veapharma.com)
Castor NF Cream inhibits theactivity of DNA gyrase, thus preventing DNA relaxation, encouraging the damageof double stranded DNA and inhibiting the cell division of bacteria. (veapharma.com)

Tetramerization and DNA ligase IV interaction of the DNA double-strand break repair protein XRCC4 are mutually exclusive. (nih.gov)
Crystal structure of the Xrcc4 DNA repair protein and implications for end joining. (nih.gov)
Single-stranded DNA binding protein was needed for RF duplication at only 4% the level needed in its stoichiometric participation in SS syn- thesis. (nih.gov)
In this reaction, ¢X SS DNA is converted to a nucleoprotein intermediate that includes a tightly bound dnaB protein molecule and the single- stranded-DNA binding protein (SSB) (refs. (nih.gov)
Synthesis by holoenzyme of viral strands, facilitated by helicase action of rep protein (17), proceeds by a looped rolling-circle mechanism (13). (nih.gov)
protein_coding" "AAC73976","ftsK","Escherichia coli","DNA translocase at septal ring sorting daughter chromsomes [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
We found that after cleavage of single-stranded DNA, the protein gate opens by as much as 6.6 nm and can close against forces in excess of 16 pN. (nih.gov)
The structural homology with the RecA recombination protein covers the five contiguous parallel beta strands and the tandem alpha helices. (embl.de)
Bacterial DNA-damage-inducible protein G (DinG). (embl.de)
Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing DEXDc domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl.de)
Here we have developed an inducible protein translation blocker, in which the kinase domain of protein kinase R (PKR) is fused with bacterial gyrase B domain (GyrB-PKR), which could be dimerized upon treatment with a cell permeable drug, coumermycin. (biomedcentral.com)
Adenovirus is a medium-sized DNA virus with an icosahedral protein capsid. (pediaa.com)
Following detergent lysis, the lysate is diluted to fully dissociate non-covalent DNA/protein complexes. (topogen.com)
Covalent topo/DNA complexes are resolved on a step CsCl gradient (ionic DNA/protein interactions are also prevented by 5 M CsCl). (topogen.com)
The ratio of topo at the DNA density and the protein density reflects the relative efficiency of stabilization of the cleavable complexes. (topogen.com)
The density steps are designed to resolve DNA from free protein and there is quantitative recovery of both. (topogen.com)
It is known that covalently bound protein can shift the density of DNA in CsCl and the magnitude of the density shift is proportional to the total amount of protein. (topogen.com)
however, in vivo significantly less protein is coupled to DNA. (topogen.com)
First, the number of bound topo mecules per DNA molecule is very low and in these gradients, complexes behave like free DNA (vs. DNA/protein adducts). (topogen.com)

Recently, high throughput mapping of DNA gyrase sites in the Escherichia coli genome using Topo-Seq approach revealed a long (≈130 bp) and degenerate binding motif that can explain the existence of SGSs. (wikipedia.org)

Helicase unwinds the double helix, while single-stranded binding proteins protect the unwound DNA strands. (sketchy.com)
Helicase enzyme opens up the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bond between two strands of DNA and provide single template strand. (biotechfront.com)
DNA-B is a primary replicative Helicase it binds and move on lagging strand in 5' to 3' direction unwinding the duplex as it goes. (biotechfront.com)
SSB proteins binds to both seperated single stranded DNA and prevent the DNA double helix from re-annealing after helicase unwinds. (biotechfront.com)
Eukaryotic DNA repair helicase RAD3/ERCC-2, an ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase involved in nucleotide excision repair of UV-damaged DNA. (embl.de)
Eukaryotic ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q. A DNA helicase that may play a role in the repair of DNA that is damaged by ultraviolet light or other mutagens. (embl.de)
Bacterial ATP-dependent DNA helicase recG. (embl.de)
UvrD/REP helicase N-terminal domain, UvrD-like helicase C-terminal domain, DNA helicase IV / RNA helicase N terminal [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)

A single molecule study has characterized gyrase activity as a function of DNA tension (applied force) and ATP, and proposed a mechanochemical model. (wikipedia.org)
Prokaryotic DNA replication occurs in a circular DNA molecule, with a single origin of replication and proceeds bidirectionally, while eukaryotic DNA replication occurs in linear DNA molecules, with multiple origins of replication and proceeds simultaneously at various points. (sketchy.com)
This molecule, EN-7, is definitely active against pathogenic varieties that are resistant to ciprofloxacin and additional clinically important antibiotics. (imacst.com)
Watson and Crick were able to piece together the puzzle of the DNA molecule on the basis of Franklin's data because Crick had also studied X-ray diffraction (Figure 2). (ubooks.pub)
Here, we use a single-molecule approach to monitor SpoIIIE translocation when challenged with neutral-backbone DNA and non-hydrolyzable ATP analogs. (elifesciences.org)
A group of proteins called SpoIIIE is instrumental in this process as it uses energy from a molecule called ATP to pump the DNA across the membrane at the rapid speed of 5,000 base pairs of DNA per second. (elifesciences.org)
The experiments show that to move a fragment of DNA across a membrane, SpoIIIE only makes contact with one of the two strands that make up the DNA molecule. (elifesciences.org)

DNA ligase is an enzyme that links Okazaki fragments together by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds, thereby creating a continuous DNA strand. (sketchy.com)
DNA Ligase Catalyse the joining of ends of two DNA chains by forming phosphodiester bond between 3'-OH group at one end of DNA strand and and 5'-Phosphate group at the end of other DNA strand. (biotechfront.com)
DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments of two lagging strand. (biotechfront.com)

These compounds possess excellent activity against FQR methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci clinical isolates and inhibit mutant DNA gyrase in-vitro . (nature.com)
2018), for compounds having the capacity to inhibit sporulation in Here we report the most potent of those is an inhibitor of DNA gyrase identified as EN-7. (imacst.com)

This process occurs in bacteria, whose single circular DNA is cut by DNA gyrase and the two ends are then twisted around each other to form supercoils. (wikipedia.org)

DNA gyrase mutations are a major cause of quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis We therefore conducted the first comprehensive study to determine the diversity of gyrase mutations in pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) (n = 71) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) (n = 30) Thai clinical tuberculosis (TB) isolates. (omicsdi.org)
The exact mutations per kb per doubling is never mentioned in the manual , but can be extrapolated. (matteoferla.com)
Namely, for every duplication of a strand of DNA there is a chance of errors occurring, which is the error rate, the mutation frequency per kb per doubling, so the more duplications happen the more mutations happen. (matteoferla.com)

To verify that DNA harm obstructed sporulation we completed checking electron microscopy (SEM) on the portion of the yard immediately next to the area of inhibition produced by treatment with mitomycin C (DNA crosslinker), ciprofloxacin (gyrase inhibitor), kanamycin (translation inhibitor), and rifampicin (transcription inhibitor) (Amount?1B). (imacst.com)
We discovered that, as the kanamycin and rifampicin pictures present septated aerial hyphae, indicating sporulation, the samples treated using the DNA harm agents mitomycin ciprofloxacin and C usually do not display any aerial hyphae septation. (imacst.com)

Inverse transposition by the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins: role reversal of donor and target DNA. (nih.gov)
SSB proteins are maintaining the strand seperation and facilitating the synthesis of the nascent strand. (biotechfront.com)
The key arguments for carbon-based life are the ubiquity of organic (carbon-containing) compounds in the universe and the ability of carbon to form stable compounds with many elements, thus creating the wide variety of structural, catalytic, and informational macromolecules (very large molecules, such as DNA and proteins) that make up Earth life. (nationalacademies.org)
The (c) major and minor grooves are binding sites for DNA binding proteins during processes such as transcription (the copying of RNA from DNA) and replication. (ubooks.pub)
For proteins that bind to DNA via helix-turn-helix motif, what is in the turn to provide flexibility? (flashcardmachine.com)

The unique ability of gyrase to introduce negative supercoils into DNA at the expense of ATP hydrolysis is what allows bacterial DNA to have free negative supercoils. (wikipedia.org)
Structurally the complex is formed by 3 pairs of "gates", sequential opening and closing of which results into the direct transfer of DNA segment and introduction of 2 negative supercoils. (wikipedia.org)
As the result of a catalytic cycle two ATP molecules are hydrolyzed and two negative supercoils are introduced into the DNA template. (wikipedia.org)

The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides. (ubooks.pub)

According to the catalytic cycle proposed, binding of 2 ATP molecules causes dimerization of ATPase domains of GyrB subunits and capturing of a T-segment of DNA (T- from transferring) in a cavity between GyrB subunits. (wikipedia.org)

DNA replication is semi-conservative because, during replication, each of the two parental DNA strands serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary daughter strand. (sketchy.com)
Function - DNA repair, Gap filling and synthesis of new lagging strand. (biotechfront.com)
Function - Synthesis of lagging strand during DNA replication. (biotechfront.com)
and RF - SS, selective synthesis of viral strands for virions, using the complementary (-) strand of RF as template (1, 2). (nih.gov)
Synthesis of the complementary strand in ottro to form RF H in the SS -» RF stage depends on the host multiprotein DNA replicative system, which is probably identical to that utilized for discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand in replication of the host chromosome (3-5). (nih.gov)
the na- scent viral strands now provide the template for complementary strand synthesis. (nih.gov)
Thus, viral and complementary strands are synthesized by distinct mechanisms (5, 14), analogous to the continuous and discontinuous mechanisms proposed in host chromosome synthesis (7, 14). (nih.gov)
Operation of the coupled system now provides an opportunity to investigate basic questions about the mechanisms of viral and complementary strand synthesis in RF duplication. (nih.gov)
One approach to investigating this coordination is genetics and, over the last half century, this has led to the isolation of conditional lethal mutants of cell division or DNA synthesis. (encyclopedia.pub)

The enzyme is shown to cleave DNA at preferred sites in a pattern similar to its ortholog from Msm. (iisc.ac.in)
The CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease has been widely repurposed as a molecular and cell biology tool for its ability to programmably target and cleave DNA. (stanford.edu)

Lengthens the telomeric DNA by adding repetitive nucleotide sequence to the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. (biotechfront.com)

Cracking the DNA Code for V(D)J Recombination. (nih.gov)
Initial stages of V(D)J recombination: the organization of RAG1/2 and RSS DNA in the postcleavage complex. (nih.gov)
Autoinhibition of DNA cleavage mediated by RAG1 and RAG2 is overcome by an epigenetic signal in V(D)J recombination. (nih.gov)
It has a critical role in recombination and DNA repair, helping process Holliday junction intermediates to mature products by catalyzing branch migration. (embl.de)
In the Holliday model DNA recombination between one duplex DNA carrying genes XYZ and anotoher duplex DNA containing genes xyz can produce what that has what? (flashcardmachine.com)

What is the enzyme that synthesizes DNA using a viral RNA as a template? (flashcardmachine.com)

DNA replication is a semi-conservative process that occurs in the cytosol of prokaryotes and the nucleus of eukaryotes. (sketchy.com)
These two superfamilies encompass a large number of DNA and RNA helicases from archaea, eubacteria, eukaryotes and viruses that seem to be active as monomers or dimers. (embl.de)
What unwinds DNA during replication in E.coli and Eukaryotes? (flashcardmachine.com)
In the initiation of DNA replication cycle in eukaryotes, what is present at replicators throughout the cell cycle? (flashcardmachine.com)
What is ORC bound by in the DNA replication process of Eukaryotes? (flashcardmachine.com)

The torsional state of DNA within the chromosome. (nih.gov)
The first priority was the elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of chromosome replication as hypothesized in the Replicon Theory [ 5 ] , according to which DNA replication starts from the genetically defined point ( oriC ) by the action of an initiator. (encyclopedia.pub)

This makes gyrase a good target for antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
2017). Open in a separate window Number?1 Sporulation Is Sensitive to DNA Damage (A) is treated with antibiotics of various targets to determine the impact on growth development. (imacst.com)

Deoxynybomycin (DNM) is a natural-product antibiotic with an unusual mechanism of action, inhibiting the mutant DNA gyrase that confers FQR. (nature.com)

It has a DNA unwinding activity characteristic of helicases with a 3' to 5' polarity. (embl.de)
This entry represents the DNA-binding domain of classical SF1 and SF2 helicases. (embl.de)

The genes encoding the DNA gyrase A and B subunits of Bacteroides fragilis were cloned and sequenced. (omicsdi.org)

It contains two periodic regions in which GC-rich islands are alternated with AT-rich patches by a period close to the period of DNA double helix (≈10.5 bp). (wikipedia.org)
As a result, each newly synthesized double helix contains one original parental strand and one newly synthesized strand. (sketchy.com)
Scientist Rosalind Franklin discovered (b) the X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA, which helped to elucidate its double helix structure. (ubooks.pub)
Watson and Crick proposed that DNA is made up of two strands that are twisted around each other to form a right-handed helix. (ubooks.pub)
The diameter of the DNA double helix is 2 nm, and it is uniform throughout. (ubooks.pub)
DNA has (a) a double helix structure and (b) phosphodiester bonds. (ubooks.pub)

Gyrase has a pronounced specificity to DNA substrates. (wikipedia.org)

The DNA relaxation activity of the metal binding mutants harboring mutation in the DxDxE motif was differentially affected by the molecules, suggesting that the metal coordinating residues contribute to the interaction of the enzyme with the drug. (iisc.ac.in)
The manual features a table (Table 1) where values are worked out and from there one can work backwards to find the mutation frequency per doubling per kb is 1.6 if one guesses how much final DNA one gets. (matteoferla.com)

Expansion of the target cell population of Top2 poison treatment to include non-proliferating cells via combination with DNA damage repair inhibitors has implications for efficacy and toxicity of these combinations, including for inhibitors of DNA-PK currently in clinical trial. (bvsalud.org)
DNA gyrase has been extensively exploited as a target for development of anti-bacterial compounds. (iisc.ac.in)
1) mediates the insertion of a transposon at the target site in DNA by introducing staggered cuts at the target site. (flashcardmachine.com)
These results suggest that DNA gyrase is an important target for quinolones in B. fragilis. (omicsdi.org)
DNA gyrase is the main target of the FQs. (omicsdi.org)

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), an unusual type of nucleic acid encoded in viral genomes and transposable elements, triggers a process that regulates gene expression without touching the genome.2. (the-scientist.com)

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication? (sketchy.com)
Moreover, eukaryotic DNA replication involves more complex machinery and a greater variety of DNA polymerases involved in the process. (sketchy.com)

On a next step the enzyme cleaves a G-segment of DNA (G- from gate) making a double-strand break. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, DNA MMR contributes significantly to maintain the genome stability. (frontiersin.org)
Its genome contains double-stranded DNA. (pediaa.com)
However, its DNA does not integrate into the genome of the host. (pediaa.com)
Adenovirus contains a ds DNA genome. (pediaa.com)
While transposons can compromise genome stability through the various types of DNA rearrangements they promote, they can also confer a selective advantage to their hosts. (biomedcentral.com)

The number of superhelical turns introduced into an initially relaxed circular DNA has been calculated to be approximately equal to the number of ATP molecules hydrolyzed by gyrase. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, it can be suggested that two ATP molecules are hydrolyzed per cycle of reaction by gyrase, leading to the introduction of a linking difference of -2. (wikipedia.org)

The ability of gyrase to relax positive supercoils comes into play during DNA replication and prokaryotic transcription. (wikipedia.org)

What are the major polymerases involved in replicating DNA? (flashcardmachine.com)

DNA replication occurs during the S-phase of interphase . (biotechfront.com)

Results The Sporulation System Is Sensitive to DNA Damage To determine the effect of chemical inhibitors on morphogenesis in sporulation cycle (Santos-Beneit et?al. (imacst.com)

What are Okazaki fragments, and why are they formed during DNA replication? (sketchy.com)

Mechanism of mismatch recognition revealed by human MutSβ bound to unpaired DNA loops. (nih.gov)
This would allow the DNA to remain bound to SpoIIIE at all times as it passes through the membrane. (elifesciences.org)
The methods are based upon physically separating the topo/DNA adducts from free DNA and using antibodies to measure bound topo I or II. (topogen.com)

In eukaryotic cells, telomerase adds a repetitive, non-coding sequence to the ends of chromosomes to prevent DNA degradation. (sketchy.com)

distinguishes the parental DNA strand of duplex DNA because it is methylated, then repairs the DNA lesion in the other strand that is not methylated. (flashcardmachine.com)

The double-stranded DNA cleavage activity of OSUAB-185 and other dioxane-linked NBTIs represents a paradigm shift in a hallmark characteristic of NBTIs and suggests that some members of this subclass may have alternative binding motifs in the cleavage complex. (bvsalud.org)
To elucidate the cellular mechanisms leading to synergistic activity of dual DNA-PK/Top2 inhibition we looked at their effects in cycling versus non-cycling cells, in 3D spheroids and in xenograft models. (bvsalud.org)
Future work will concentrate in understanding how the subunits communicate around the ring to coordinate their sequential use of ATP and their DNA pumping activity. (elifesciences.org)

DNA knots occur in intracellular chromatin. (nih.gov)

The compounds stimulated the DNA cleavage thereby perturbing the cleavage-religation equilibrium. (iisc.ac.in)

OSUAB-185 induced single-stranded and suppressed double-stranded DNA breaks mediated by N. gonorrhoeae gyrase. (bvsalud.org)
Cutting antiparallel DNA strands in a single active site. (nih.gov)
Using DNA constructs with two neutral-backbone segments separated by a single charged base pair, we deduce that SpoIIIE's step size is 2 bp. (elifesciences.org)
Adenovirus is a double-stranded DNA virus, while adeno-associated virus is a single-stranded DNA virus. (pediaa.com)

Strong gyrase binding sites (SGS) were found in some phages (bacteriophage Mu group) and plasmids (pSC101, pBR322). (wikipedia.org)

Cas9 interrogates DNA in discrete steps modulated by mismatches and supercoiling. (stanford.edu)

Anatomy1

Organisms14

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes23

Information Science3

Topoisomerase27

Subunit6

Polymerase20

GyrA11

Promotes breakage of double-stranded2

Enzymes6

Topoisomerases4

Inhibits4

Protein19

Escherichia1

Helicase8

Molecule7

Ligase3

Inhibit2

Bacteria1

Mutations3

Ciprofloxacin2

Proteins5

Negative supercoils3

Nucleotides1

GyrB1

Synthesis9

Cleave2

Nucleotide sequence1

Recombination5

Enzyme that synthesizes1

Eukaryotes5

Chromosome2

Antibiotics2

Confers1

Helicases2

Genes1

Helix6

Substrates1

Mutation2

Target5

Nucleic1

Eukaryotic DNA2

Making a double-strand break1

Genome5

Molecules2

Prokaryotic1

Polymerases involved1

Replication occurs1

Inhibitors1

Okazaki1

Bound3

Telomerase1

Duplex1

Activity3

Chromatin1

Compounds1

Single4

Bacteriophage1

Discrete steps1