• DAPI, once added to tissue culture cells, is rapidly taken up into cellular DNA, yielding highly fluorescent nuclei and no detectable cytoplasmic fluorescence. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Phenantridine alkaloids such as sanguinarine, chelerytrine, chelirubine, chelilutine, sanguilutine and macarpine interact with double stranded DNA showing substantial changes in fluorescence emission. (muni.cz)
  • For experiments where detection and quantification is required instead of isolation, quantitative PCR (qPCR) uses real-time fluorescence to meaure the amount of a DNA target present at each cycle during a PCR. (neb.com)
  • In real-time PCR, the DNA amplification is monitored by measuring the fluorescence signal generated in the reaction vessel. (cdc.gov)
  • The real-time PCR assays for parasite detection at CDC use either the DNA-binding dye SYBR Green or sequence-specific TaqMan probes as fluorescence detection mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
  • See illustrations for details about the fluorescence detection mechanisms using SYBR Green and TaqMan probes. (cdc.gov)
  • As the reaction proceeds and PCR product accumulates, the amount of double-stranded DNA increases and with it the fluorescence signal (4-5). (cdc.gov)
  • A simple label-free method for the detection of Pb 2+ ions with high selectivity and sensitivity has been developed by using random double-strand DNA-templated formation of copper nanoparticles as novel fluorescence probes in aqueous solution. (rsc.org)
  • The extent of binding to the probe (and hence the complementarity between base pairs) is measured by the intensity of fluorescence seen under UV light. (thealevelbiologist.co.uk)
  • For example, in the case of DNA sequencing, increased sample loading can not compensate for low fluorescence efficiencies, Pringle et al. (justia.com)
  • DAPI (diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a blue fluorescent probe that fluoresces brightly upon selectively binding to the minor groove of double stranded DNA, where its fluorescence is approximately 20-fold greater than in the nonbound state. (thermofisher.com)
  • As a counterstain in fluorescence imaging methods, DAPI is compatible with antibodies and other probes labeled with fluorescein and rhodamine dyes, as well as with Thermo Scientific DyLight Fluors. (thermofisher.com)
  • Four newly designed unsymmetrical cyanine dyes showed negligible intrinsic fluorescence in a free-state and strong fluorescence upon binding to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with quantum yield 0.53-0.90, which is 2-3 times higher than the previous unsymmetrical cyanine dyes. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)
  • The acridine orange test (AOT) exemplifies the second type of assay and differentiates sperm with normal double-stranded DNA (green fluorescence) and abnormal denatured or single-stranded DNA (orange-red fluorescence) with the help of the metachromatic shift properties of the stain [ 10 , 11 ]. (ecerm.org)
  • Notably, this iridium(III) complex/G-quadruplex-based strategy was universal and was not limited to the analysis of DNA using specific sequences, thus opening a new avenue for the application of the G-quadruplex-selective iridium(III) complex in the field of ECL. (edu.hk)
  • Nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) strands with corresponding sequences stick together in pairwise chains, zipping up like Velcro tumbled in a clothes dryer. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this system, they constructed a kinetic reaction model of the underlying hybridization processes to predict the optimal parameter values, which vary based on the sequences of SNV and wildtype (WT), on the design architecture of the probe and sink, and on the reagent concentrations and assay conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene probes are used in various blotting and in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques for the detection of nucleic acid sequences in food industry, environmental, medical, and veterinary applications to improve the specificity of the analyses. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Random priming is a type of primer extension in which a mixture of small oligonucleotide sequences, acting as primers, anneal to a heat-denatured double-stranded template. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Thus, predictive and tary to DNA sequences from specifi c HPV types ( 20 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular beacon probes can be custom designed to target specific DNA or RNA sequences, which allows molecular beacons to be used for real-time detection and quantification of DNA and RNA. (edinst.com)
  • Therefore, differences in nucleotide sequences can be used to compare DNA samples. (thealevelbiologist.co.uk)
  • Fluorescently labeled probes detect the amount of specific double-stranded DNA sequences. (cdc.gov)
  • In the presence of target RNA, which could be a typical viral RNA sequence, the blocking strand would leave its DNA in favor of RNA hybridization, and both single DNA sequences would complementarily form a double strand whereby the two arms of the cross are pulled together. (chemistryviews.org)
  • If there was a silver lining to this, it's that Clowney can get surgery while he's still playing at South Carolina and might get a chance to help his draft stock as soon as next fall.Synthesis of a hybridizable probe for the identification of human DNA repeat sequences. (capisea.com)
  • Originally found in bacteria, CRISPR arrays contain short repeated DNA sequences separated by unique spacers acquired from phage DNA (protospacer) upon previous infection. (ucdavis.edu)
  • High-risk HPV DNA sequences are either absent or the HPV solution DNA levels are below the detection limit of the assay. (medscape.com)
  • In conclution, DNA amplification is a rapid, reliable and accurate method with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA sequences and it can replace the conventional culture method in the diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis meningitis except in the situation when antibiotic sensitivity results are required. (who.int)
  • RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (bvsalud.org)
  • Molecular probes can be broadly categorized into DNA probes and RNA probes, cDNA probes, and synthetic oligonucleotide probes. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • A nucleotide sequence with complementary bases to the molecular beacon loop is called complementary DNA (cDNA). (edinst.com)
  • In the presence of its cDNA, the molecular beacon hairpin will open and hybridize with the cDNA to form a double stranded sequence (Figure 2). (edinst.com)
  • Reaction between molecular beacon and cDNA where a) is the cDNA, b) molecular beacon and c) their hybridization into a double strand sequence. (edinst.com)
  • In this modified version of the standard PCR process, mRNA, which serves as the initial template, is first reversed transcribed to complementary DNA (cDNA) and then subsequently amplified via PCR for downstream analysis. (stratech.co.uk)
  • This RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, with the assistance of reverse transcription primers, deoxynucleotides (dNTPs: dATP, dTTP, dGTP and dCTP) and enzyme cofactors, catalyzes the synthesis of cDNA from its respective target RNA sequence. (stratech.co.uk)
  • The first-stranded cDNA was synthesized using reverse transcriptase AMV (Roche) and an initial fragment of was amplified by PCR using Primer 1F and Primer 1R (Table S1). (mingsheng88.org)
  • RTs polymerize a strand of DNA that is complimentary to the original RNA template and is referred to as cDNA. (neb.com)
  • DNA microarrays take advantage of the major feature of the DNA double helix, the sequence complementarity of the two-paired strands, by using DNA capture probes which are the complement of the expressed target sequence (mRNA, cRNA or cDNA made from the mRNA). (ddw-online.com)
  • single-stranded probe or primer molecules capture DNA or RNA target molecules of complementary strands. (wikipedia.org)
  • The long primer strand has a corresponding (complementary) sequence to a "target" strand from the disease organism being detected. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chip essentially works by performing DNA strand displacement, the process in which a DNA double helix exchanges one strand for another complementary strand. (nanowerk.com)
  • The new complementary strand-which, in this case, contains the single nucleotide mutation-binds more strongly to one of the strands in the double helix and displaces the other strand. (nanowerk.com)
  • In this study, the DNA probe is a double helix containing two complementary DNA strands that are engineered to bind weakly to each other: a "normal" strand, which is attached to the graphene transistor, and a "weak" strand, in which four the G's in the sequence were replaced with inosines to weaken its bond to the normal strand. (nanowerk.com)
  • DNA strands that have the perfectly matching complementary sequence to the normal strand-in other words, strands that contain the SNP-will bind to the normal strand and knock off the weak strand. (nanowerk.com)
  • Such tests use a nucleic acid hybridization technique that is based on double-stranded complementary pairing of nucleic acids. (iso.org)
  • Basically, technicians synthesize a single-stranded nucleic acid sequence complementary to the DNA or RNA of a specific pathogen as a probe. (iso.org)
  • 1 The TaqMan probe is designed to be complementary to a specific sequence spanned by the PCR primers. (cdc.gov)
  • Gillespie and Spiegelman (1) observed that single stranded DNA binds strongly to nitrocellulose membranes in a manner that minimises the two strands reassociating with each other, but allows the hybridisation to complementary RNA. (ddw-online.com)
  • These involve tagging a DNA strand with a fluorescent agent and binding it to a new strand, the probe , which is complementary to the target gene. (thealevelbiologist.co.uk)
  • During PCR testing, Taq polymerase and DNA primers complementary to a unique sequence of target DNA were used to greatly amplify that region if the target was present in the sample. (cdc.gov)
  • Cas9/gRNA complex recognizes a 20-nucleotide (nt) complementary DNA sequence adjacent to the 5'-NGG-3' PAM. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Results showed that the iridium(III) complex exhibits high selectivity for the G-quadruplex DNA and could be used as an efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe in a switch-on assay format for the detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). (edu.hk)
  • Therefore, the design of probe strands is highly significant to raise the sensitivity and specificity of the detection. (wikipedia.org)
  • The probes function robustly from 10 °C to 37 °C, from 1 mM to 47 mM, and with nucleic acid concentrations from 1 nM to 5 M. They also figured out the toehold exchange probes work robustly even in RNA detection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because single-stranded and double-stranded DNA have different flexibilities, they move differently, allowing for detection of hybridization. (genomeweb.com)
  • With his team at NIST, Balijepalli has also been pursuing biosensors for DNA detection. (genomeweb.com)
  • The advance was published June 13 in the online early edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ( 'Highly specific SNP detection using 2D graphene electronics and DNA strand displacement' ). (nanowerk.com)
  • Researchers engineered the chip to generate an electrical signal when an SNP-containing strand binds to the probe, allowing for quick and easy SNP detection in a DNA sample. (nanowerk.com)
  • The use of a double stranded DNA probe in the technology developed by Lal's team is another improvement over other SNP detection methods, which typically use single stranded DNA probes. (nanowerk.com)
  • In theory, any nucleic acid can be used as a probe provided it can be labeled to permit detection and quantitation of the hybrid molecules formed between the probe and sequence to be identified. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • 60°C was found to be an adequate temperature for the hairpins to be completely open, with the emission at 60°C being 50 times higher than at 20°C. Based on these results 60°C was chosen as the incubation temperature for DNA detection. (edinst.com)
  • Redmond Red, a fluoropore containing a redox-active phenoxazine core, has been explored as a new electrochemical probe for the detection of abasic sites in double-stranded DNA. (caltech.edu)
  • It is necessary to extract DNA from the stool specimens for PCR detection. (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of PCR products in real time can be accomplished by using fluorescent dyes or probes. (cdc.gov)
  • While fluorescent dyes detect only the amount of double-stranded DNA, in this video we are going to look at the principles behind fluorescent dye-based detection method. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, a novel electrochemical biosensor with high sensitivity for miRNA-21 detection is developed, which relies on the formation of a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-DNA hetero-three-way junction (H3WJ) and target-recycling catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification. (bvsalud.org)
  • Examples of methods utilizing such non-radioactive detection methods include DNA sequencing, oligonucleotide probe methods, detection of polymerase-chain-reaction products, immunoassays, and the like. (justia.com)
  • In many applications the independent detection of multiple spatially overlapping analytes in a mixture is required, e.g., single-tube multiplex DNA probe assays, immuno assays, multicolor DNA sequencing methods, and the like. (justia.com)
  • In the case of multi-loci DNA probe assays, by providing multicolor detection, the number of reaction tubes may be reduced thereby simplifying the experimental protocols and facilitating the manufacturing of application-specific kits. (justia.com)
  • The researchers have developed a fast detection strategy based on nanoplasmonics, DNA origami, and an optical readout. (chemistryviews.org)
  • The most dominant techniques are PCR viral detection and signal amplification DNA-based assays (Hybrid Capture II is the only FDA-approved technique at present). (medscape.com)
  • This produces a signature waveform, or nanomechanoelectrical fingerprint, of DNA, and hybridization of target DNA oligomers with probe DNA oligonucleotides modulates the current. (genomeweb.com)
  • The degree of homology between target and probe results in stable hybridization. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Probes labeled by nick translation can be used in many different hybridization techniques including: chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), screening gene banks by colony or plaque hybridization, DNA or RNA transfer hybridization, and re-association kinetic studies. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Specificity of the product was confirmed with hybridization to a labeled probe. (cdc.gov)
  • The specificity of the product was confirmed by hybridization to a digoxigenin-labeled probe according to the method described in Boehringer Mannhein's Genius System User's Guide for Filter Hybridization. (cdc.gov)
  • The target miRNA-21 was hybridized with the probe on the electrode surface, and the hybridization was detected by the enhancement of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/DNA ECL signal using CNDs. (uam.es)
  • A hybridization probe consisting of a segment of 35S rRNA covalently linked to a DNA double strand was prepared by hybridization of two short synthetic oligonucleotides. (capisea.com)
  • There are several ways of amplification, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), strand displacement assay (SDA), or transcription mediated assay (TMA). (wikipedia.org)
  • Rather than isolate a single copy of the target DNA from a large number of cells, it is often more useful to generate multiple copies of a target from a single molecule of DNA or mRNA, via an in vitro amplification method. (neb.com)
  • As the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the most common DNA amplification method in molecular biology, NEB's product portfolio features a large selection of polymerases geared towards this powerful method. (neb.com)
  • RNA molecules can also be detected and manipulated through amplification via the use of reverse transcriptases (RT), which are RNA-dependent DNA Polymerases. (neb.com)
  • After a series of successive cycles of amplification, the presence of double stranded DNA product was visualized on agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of the study was to develop a rapid method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical samples and the applicability of DNA amplification techniques to a developing country like Sri Lanka. (who.int)
  • The chip is specifically engineered and fabricated to capture DNA (or RNA) molecules with the single nucleotide mutation-whenever these pieces of DNA (or RNA) bind to the probe, an electrical signal is produced. (nanowerk.com)
  • Many new nucleic acid-based diagnostic tools or assays have been developed that allow analysis of DNA and RNA molecules in clinical samples. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Next, the enzyme DNA polymerase I removes the native nucleotides from the probe molecules in the 5′→3′ direction (exonuclease activity) while replacing them with labeled dNTP precursors by virtue of its 5′→3′ polymerase activity. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Nick translation is efficient for both linear and covalently closed DNA molecules, and labeling reaction are completed in less than an hour. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • DNA molecules that form a closed loop instead of a linear structure, commonly found in bacteria and some viruses. (frontlinegenomics.com)
  • Liedl and colleagues have created a nanosized sensing probe for RNA molecules. (chemistryviews.org)
  • Probing protein-DNA interactions by unzipping single DNA molecules with optical tweezers. (openwetware.org)
  • To the right is a diagram of using optical tweezers to unzip single DNA molecules when there are DNA-binding proteins present in the solution. (openwetware.org)
  • The structures and functions of all living organisms are encoded in the same basic nucleic molecules, DNA and RNA . (rationalwiki.org)
  • CRISPR/Cas9 uses a single nuclease Cas9 and two RNA molecules to perform site-directed DNA editing. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Usually, the NOE and NMRD in B-DNA is expected to be less ``integral'' than methods can only provide bounds on the residence water molecules buried inside proteins. (lu.se)
  • In conclusion, we have demonstrated that natural products, phenantridine alkaloids, can be used as alternative probes to synthetic DNA dyes such as ethidium bromide. (muni.cz)
  • Probe-based assays have the advantages of high specificity and the possibility to detect multiple targets in the same vessel by combining probes labeled with dyes with different fluorescent spectra. (cdc.gov)
  • Two types of assays measure the levels of SDF: one that directly measures the extent of DNA fragmentation using probes and dyes and another that measures the susceptibility of DNA to denaturation, which is higher in fragmented DNA [ 7 ]. (ecerm.org)
  • A perfect match DNA strand (green) binds to the normal strand (red) of the DNA probe and displaces the weak strand (black). (nanowerk.com)
  • DAPI is a fluorescent dye that binds selectively to double-stranded DNA and forms strongly fluorescent DNA-DAPI complexes with high specificity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Binds to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA (preferentially to AT rich DNA), forming a stable complex which fluoresces approximately 20 times greater than DAPI alone. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Second, the Cas9-gRNA complex binds to the target DNA PAM. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Without gRNA binding, the Cas9 protein is inactive and binds DNA weakly and nonspecifically. (ucdavis.edu)
  • DNA/RNA probe assays are faster and sensitive so that many conventional diagnostic tests for viruses and bacteria involving culturing of the organisms are being fast replaced by molecular probe assays. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • While culture tests can take days, molecular probe assays can be performed within a few hours or minutes. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Assays using SYBR Green can be easier and less expensive, but caution should be exercised since all double-stranded DNA is detected, including primer-dimers and other PCR artifacts. (cdc.gov)
  • This greatly enhanced the sensitivity of assays used to detect that specific sequence of DNA. (cdc.gov)
  • Electrophoretic flexibility change assays (EMSA) Artificial double-stranded oligonucleotide matching towards the ISRE from the ISG15 promoter was utilized being a DNA probe. (researchensemble.com)
  • Specific molecular probes and primers are designed for this purpose. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • The annealed primers ultimately become part of the probe itself, because the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I extends the primers in the 3′ direction and, in so doing, incorporates the label. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • DNA preparations extracted from fecal samples are tested by PCR with diagnostic primers. (cdc.gov)
  • Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of and improved green fluorescent proteins (EGFP) gene was synthesized in vitro by RiboMAX Huge Scale RNA Creation Systems (Promega). (mingsheng88.org)
  • this family of proteins is hereafter called EBF) are a group of DNA-binding transcription factors with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The mammalian TRF1 and TRF2 proteins, for example, bind double-stranded telomeres via a Myb-like DNA-binding domain and are involved with telomere length regulation and chromosome end protection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Telomeres are specialized structures at the end of chromosomes and consist of stretches of repetitive DNA (5'-TTAGGG-3' in vertebrates and trypanosomatids) and associated proteins [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • proteins that bind specifically to single-stranded G-rich DNA, proteins that bind to double-stranded DNA and proteins that interact with telomeric factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other non-telomeric proteins, such as the DNA repair proteins Mre11 and Rad51, also play important roles at telomeres [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During meiosis proteins Red1 and Hop1 form a protein:DNA (coloured black) axis together with cohesin (not shown for clarity). (elifesciences.org)
  • It investigates the interaction between proteins and DNA in the cell. (frontlinegenomics.com)
  • It combines ChIP with massively parallel sequencing to identify binding sites of DNA-associated proteins. (frontlinegenomics.com)
  • Chromatin is a macromolecular complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus. (frontlinegenomics.com)
  • Histones are the major proteins in chromatin, enabling the DNA to be packaged into a compact form. (frontlinegenomics.com)
  • DNA and RNA code - Almost all organisms use the same three-letter code for translating RNA into proteins . (rationalwiki.org)
  • In today's research laboratory, two common ways that gene expression is assessed is by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques (QTPCR) for monitoring expression of smaller numbers of genes, and by employing DNA microarrays for the highly parallel monitoring of thousands of genes (or the whole transcriptome). (ddw-online.com)
  • By performing polymerase chain reaction and DNA enzyme immunoassay, HCV-RNA was detected with subsequent genotyping. (who.int)
  • NATs differ from other tests in that they detect genetic materials (RNA or DNA) rather than antigens or antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the use of all-electronic transduction of DNA binding using graphene devices is well established, Johnson said he was not aware of other efforts to detect molecular binding by an electromechanical measurement of the biomolecule itself. (genomeweb.com)
  • The technology, which is at a proof-of-concept stage, is a first step toward a biosensor chip that can be implanted in the body to detect a specific DNA mutation-in real time-and transmit the information wirelessly to a mobile device such as a smartphone or laptop. (nanowerk.com)
  • It may be used for photofootprinting of DNA, to detect annealed probes in blotting applications by specifically visualizing the double-stranded complex, and to study the changes in DNA and analyze DNA content during apoptosis using flow cytometry. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Molecular beacon probes are a sequence of nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA) that can be used to fluorescently detect the presence of a specific sequence of DNA or RNA. (edinst.com)
  • Redmond Red, reporting only if well-stacked in the duplex, represents a sensitive probe to detect abasic sites electrochemically in a DNA-mediated reaction. (caltech.edu)
  • In order to study or detect individual genes or specific DNA regions or mutations of interest, it is often necessary to obtain a large quantity of nucleic acid for study. (neb.com)
  • An example of an experiment we would like to perform is to set up single-molecule tethers in an unzipping configuration and then detect whether or not a DNA-binding protein is present based on the unzipping force. (openwetware.org)
  • HC-2 can detect as little as 1 pg/mL of target DNA (5000 genome copies per test). (medscape.com)
  • In developing a probe, a sequence of nucleotides must be identified, isolated, reproduced in sufficient quantity, and tagged with a label that can be detected. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Poxviridae are linear, double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
  • Loops of chromatin are extruded from the axis, where DNA breaks are made by the Spo11 complex (pale magenta). (elifesciences.org)
  • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-Sequencing is a method use to analyse protein interactions with DNA. (frontlinegenomics.com)
  • Repair of double-strand breaks in DNA, chromatin remodeling during gene transcription (both of these are very important to genome stability and the development and progression of cancer), RNA Polymerase II elongation, site-specific protein-DNA interactions and binding kinetics. (openwetware.org)
  • Our lab has expertise in this technique (see PMID 12124289) which we will use to answer key biological questions such as in chromatin remodeling during DNA damage repair and Pol II transcription. (openwetware.org)
  • Analysis of double-strand break synapses with Pol λ reveals basis for unique substrate specificity. (nih.gov)
  • DAPI is several times more sensitive than ethidium bromide for staining DNA in agarose gels. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • It involves randomly nicking the backbone of a double-stranded DNA with dilute concentrations of DNase I. At extremely low concentrations, this enzyme nicks a template at four or five sites, producing a free 3′-OH group that can act as a primer at each nicking location. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • The use of molecular beacons, coupled with a sensitive spectrofluorometer and sample temperature control, facilitates the measurement of extremely low concentrations of DNA or RNA. (edinst.com)
  • The response of luminescence intensity to low concentrations of double stranded DNA in presence of alkaloids was found to be linear and can be potentially used for quantification of DNA by means of luminescence spectrometry. (muni.cz)
  • In practice, double and single stranded DNAs, mRNAs, and other RNAs synthesized in vitro are all used as probes. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Native and full length LaTRF and a mutant bearing the putative Myb-like domain expressed in bacteria bound double-stranded telomeric DNA in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
  • TaqMan ® ), or a double-stranded DNA binding dye, (e.g. (neb.com)
  • A DNA probe is a labeled fragment of DNA that contains a nucleotide sequence specific for the gene or chromosomal region of interest. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • A 570 bp DNA fragment of probe was produced by digesting the recombinant plasmid with RNA disturbance. (mingsheng88.org)
  • Whether you are performing your first cloning experiment or constructing multi-fragment DNA assemblies, NEB ® has the solution for you. (neb.com)
  • Instead of heat, these methods typically employ a strand-displacing DNA polymerase, like Bst DNA Polymerase, Large Fragment , to separate duplex DNA. (neb.com)
  • PCR amplified fragments can be analyzed by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) or DNA sequencing if further characterization is needed. (cdc.gov)
  • Results obtained from Restriction fragment length polymorphism typing show that the mahority of circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Sri Lanka belong to a limited number of families, but the degree of IS6160 DNA polymorphism among strains were high. (who.int)
  • Cell permeable fluorescent minor groove-binding probe for DNA. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, is a blue fluorescent nucleic acid stain that fluoresces brightly upon selectively binding to the minor groove of double stranded DNA. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • DNA solution, however, are in a range where the ecules in the minor groove of DNA are exposed to residence time can actually be pinpointed by either the external solvent medium and should therefore method. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, the use of Taq or other thermostable DNA polymerases permits labeling reactions to be performed at higher temperatures via PCR, thereby reducing the incidence of enzyme-mediated point mutations during probe synthesis. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • PCR is an excellent method for probe synthesis, requiring very small quantities of template material. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • IGF-1R (kindly supplied by Dr. Haim Werner, Tel Aviv University, Israel) genomic DNA fragments, which includes nucleotides -2350 to +640 (nucleotide one corresponds to the transcription start out website of the rat IGF-1R gene), was sub-cloned upstream of a promoterless firefly luciferase reporter in the pGL2P vector (Promega, Madison, WI). (adenosine-receptor.com)
  • SYBR Green is a DNA binding dye that fluoresces strongly when bound to double-stranded DNA. (cdc.gov)
  • Two of the most common uses of the DNA microarrays are genetic analysis and the analysis of gene expression. (ddw-online.com)
  • This report will focus in using DNA microarrays for the analysis of gene expression or expression profiling, and how DNA chips are used for drug discovery and development. (ddw-online.com)
  • 2022. Probing the mechanisms of two exonuclease domain mutators of DNA polymerase ε. (nih.gov)
  • In the end, the short protector strand is not bound to anything, and the unbound short primer is detectable. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, Aptitude Medical uses electrochemical probes and a simple biosensor in its core technology, while Cambridge Nucleomics incorporates biosensors with its nanobait approach. (genomeweb.com)
  • The biosensor chip -- consisting of a double stranded DNA probe embedded onto a graphene transistor -- electronically detects DNA SNPs. (nanowerk.com)
  • Schematic of DNA strand displacement on the biosensor chip. (nanowerk.com)
  • ClustalW and bl2seq sequence analysis showed that LaTRF shared sequence identity with the Trypanosoma brucei TRF (TbTRF) protein and had the same degree of sequence similarities with the dimerization (TRFH) and the canonical DNA-binding Myb-like domains of both mammalian TRFs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LaTRF was predicted to be an 82.5 kDa protein, indicating that it is double the size of the trypanosome TRF homologues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, TRF1 can control telomerase access through its interaction with TIN2, PTOP/PIP1 and the single-stranded telomeric DNA-binding protein POT1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The DNA-protein complexes Levistilide A had been put through electrophoresis on the 4.7% polyacrylamide gel and visualized by autoradiography. (researchensemble.com)
  • Because of the increased efficiency and robustness compared with optical tweezers, it would be much easier to probe how protein binding changes when the osmotic pressure, temperature, and other factors are varied. (openwetware.org)
  • All measurements were performed in triplicate, and each and every experiment was recurring at minimum a few instances double-stranded DNA sequence was utilised as a DNA probe to bind active STAT5b and STAT3 protein in nuclear extracts. (adenosine-receptor.com)
  • The crRNA identifies target DNA and the tracrRNA glues the crRNA to Cas9 to direct the protein to target DNA. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit by small molecule inhibitor NU7026 sensitizes human leukemic K562 cells to benzene metabolite-induced apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • We have previously reported that exposure of workers to benzene and to benzene metabolite hydroquinone in cultured cells induced DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to mediate the cellular response to DNA double strand break (DSB) caused by DNA-damaging metabolites. (cdc.gov)
  • Treatment with NU7026 did not alter the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress by hydroquinone but repressed the protein level of DNA-PKcs and blocked the induction of the kinase mRNA and protein expression by hydroquinone. (cdc.gov)
  • It contains a linear double-stranded DNA encased in an icosahedral capsid that is surrounded by a viral envelope. (loinc.org)
  • Frequently encountered genital types of HPV can be detected with as few as 10 copies of viral DNA. (medscape.com)
  • HPVs are small non-enveloped, double-stranded, circular DNA viruses that encode two viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7. (bvsalud.org)
  • The electrochemical behavior of Redmond Red-modified DNA at gold surfaces exhibits stable, quasi-reversible voltammetry with a midpoint potential centered around −50 mV versus NHE. (caltech.edu)
  • Importantly, with Redmond Red positioned opposite an abasic site within the DNA duplex, the electrochemical response is significantly enhanced compared to Redmond Red positioned across from a base. (caltech.edu)
  • The introduction of solid supports for DNA hybridisation/reassociations greatly broadened the range of applications of nucleic acid hybridisations, and provided the basis for solid-based methods being used today. (ddw-online.com)
  • Dot blotting and dot hybridisation (4) evolved out of the filter hybridisation technique and provided the basic concept for DNA arrays. (ddw-online.com)
  • Techniques used to identify gene location for a variety of purposes include DNA hybridisation and DNA probes . (thealevelbiologist.co.uk)
  • Early studies of DNA melting and reformation were carried out in aqueous solutions and yielded important information about the dependence of melting temperature (Tm) on the G+C composition and salt concentration, as well as information on the dependence of the rate of reassociation on the sequence complexity of the nucleic acid. (ddw-online.com)
  • High-intensity femtosecond laser pulses were used to probe damage to aqueous DNA. (laserfocusworld.com)
  • The experimental technique of generating, in situ , slow electrons and radicals within aqueous media has important implications in different scenarios where the effects of nonionizing radiation need to be probed under physiologically relevant conditions,' says Professor Deepak Mathur, senior scientist at TIFR Mumbai and the lead scientist of the study. (laserfocusworld.com)
  • Amplified DNA fragments are electrophoretically resolved on an agarose gel for analysis of results. (cdc.gov)
  • To construct the assay, a hairpin-structured capture probe (CP) which was modified by thiol at its 3′ end and contained the G-quadruplex sequence at its 5′ end was firstly immobilized on a gold electrode. (edu.hk)
  • One unit is defined as the amount of Klenow DNA Polymerase (3′ → 5′ exo-) th at catalyzes the incorporation of 10 nmol of dNTP into acid insoluble material in 30 minutes at 37°C under standard assay conditions. (amidbiosciences.com)
  • These spermatozoa also experienced increased mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species after 1 week of exposure, with elevated DNA oxidation and fragmentation across all exposure periods. (nature.com)
  • This study aimed to determine the effect of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) on the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles in couples with unexplained infertility. (ecerm.org)
  • Although the underlying reasons for unexplained infertility have not been fully identified, increasing evidence suggests that sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) should be considered [ 3 - 5 ]. (ecerm.org)
  • The disease strand sticks tightly to the exposed part of the long primer strand (called the "toehold"), and then little by little, displaces the short "protector" strand from the probe. (wikipedia.org)
  • The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are tumour suppressor genes involved in DNA repair. (frontlinegenomics.com)
  • Thus, the key to edit genes is to induce a site-specific DSB in the DNA sequence and allow the cell's HR machinery to introduce the edit. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Los ARNs antisentido sintéticos se utilizan para afectar el funcionamiento de genes específicos en la investigación o con fines terapéuticos. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nanowerk News ) Bioengineers at the University of California, San Diego have developed an electrical graphene chip capable of detecting mutations in DNA. (nanowerk.com)
  • Base editing is a genome editing technique that directly generates precise point mutations into DNA or RNA in living cells. (frontlinegenomics.com)
  • In this work, we synthesized an iridium(III) complex and studied its selective ability to interact with a specific G-quadruplex DNA sequence (GTGGGTAGGGCGGGTTGG). (edu.hk)
  • I thought, why can't we drive a DNA strand to move in a specific pattern, then we just need to recognize the pattern. (genomeweb.com)
  • The DNA probe is an engineered piece of double stranded DNA that contains a sequence coding for a specific type of SNP. (nanowerk.com)
  • Nucleic acid probes are either a single stranded DNA or RNA with a strong affinity towards a specific DNA or RNA target sequence. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Chelirubine and macarpine were even successfully used for fluorescent DNA-specific staining of living cells due to the lower toxicity. (muni.cz)
  • The probe, a nanosized apparatus made of DNA and gold nanorods, was assembled by the so-called DNA origami technique, which uses the specific interactions of the DNA bases to fold and glue together single strands in any desired form. (chemistryviews.org)
  • Thanks to exceptional affinity of plant alkaloids to various biomolecules they can be used in analytical chemistry as a probes. (muni.cz)
  • A variety of methodologies for labeling DNA are used to generate end-labeled or continuously labeled probes. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • The signal is only detectable during annealing and extension, since the denaturation step contains predominantly single-stranded DNA (6). (cdc.gov)
  • If a probe can be complementarily paired with the nucleic acid of the pathogen to be tested, it is possible to observe the signals of the markers, so that the species of the pathogen to be tested can be confirmed. (iso.org)
  • Subsequently, association between the PNA probes and these products leads to the formation of PNA-DNA H3WJs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Through the experiments on different toehold exchange probes with 5 correct targets and 55 spurious targets with energetically representative single-base changes (replacements, deletions, and insertions), Yin's group concluded that discrimination factors of these probes were between 3 and 100 + with the median 26. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the case of automated DNA sequencing, multicolor labeling allows for the analysis of all four bases in a single lane thereby increasing throughput over single-color methods and eliminating uncertainties associated with inter-lane electrophoretic mobility variations. (justia.com)
  • They act as co-reactant agents in the anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of [Ru(bpy)3]2+, producing different signals for the probe (single-stranded DNA) and the hybridized target (double-stranded DNA). (uam.es)
  • Both crossing arms were supplied with functionality at their ends: the scientists attached one single DNA sequence complemented with a blocking strand to one arm and the complementing DNA sequence to the other. (chemistryviews.org)
  • A carefully constructed and calibrated optical tweezers system can position particles with sub-nanometer precision and apply forces over 100 piconewtons (which is enough to unravel a single double-stranded DNA molecule and break most non-covalent bonds). (openwetware.org)
  • In this case, imperfect probe-target binding can easily occur, resulting in false-positive outcomes such as mistaking a strain that is commensal for one that is pathogenic. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the correct target(X) reacts with the toehold exchange probe(PC), P is released and hybridized product XC is formed. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the other hand, if the toehold exchange probe(PC) reacts with spurious target(S), the reaction forwards, but the standard free energy increases to be less thermodynamically favorable. (wikipedia.org)
  • Essentially, "we just make the DNA dance, and we can identify the target based on the unique dancing pattern," Ping explained. (genomeweb.com)
  • Upon introduction of miRNA-21, target-recycling CHA is initiated, resulting in abundant double-stranded CHA products. (bvsalud.org)
  • The team has demonstrated the binding of an RNA target to a probe made of gold nanorods and a DNA origami structure. (chemistryviews.org)
  • Cas9 is structurally organized into two distinct lobes, the target DNA recognition lobe (REC) that and the nuclease (NUC) lobe. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Many isochinoline alkaloids are fluorescent and interact with DNA by intercalation. (muni.cz)
  • Its selectivity for DNA and high cell permeability allows efficient staining of nuclei with little background from the cytoplasm. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • When the same phage DNA is detected, the CRISPR array processes the corresponding CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) that form a duplex to bring the nuclease Cas9 to the matching external protospacer DNA and destroy it. (ucdavis.edu)
  • At the start of the reaction, very little double stranded DNA is present, and so the fluorescent signal detected by the thermocycler is low (3). (cdc.gov)
  • Därefter användes real-tids PCR, en metod som anger mRNA nivåer i en vävnad, för att upptäcka skillnader mellan individerna. (5dok.org)
  • Vi fann ett antal samband mellan mRNA uttryck och etanolintag i speciellt prefrontala cortex, en region i hjärnan som är inblandad i bl.a. bearbetning av nya intryck, minne och kontroll av beteende. (5dok.org)
  • This permits optical control to be exercised over the extent of DNA damage by simply varying the focal length of the focusing lens. (laserfocusworld.com)