PilocarpineAcetylcholineHigh dosesHigher dosesAtropineContractionsCholinergicPhenylephrineConcentration-response curvesNicotinic receptorsMicroMDopamineEquivalent dosesNicotineAgonistsContractionInhibitoryIlealSecretionMaximalDropsGuinea pigDurationGlaucomaEfficacyOutflowDependentReactionPharmacistMedicationsEffectTopicalRodentsAdministrationEffectsDrugsEqualActivityMinutesDailyDeliverySolutionPatientsReleaseLowerTime
Pilocarpine4
- Be sure to mention any of the following: carbachol (Miostat) or pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine, Salagen). (medlineplus.gov)
- Ocuphire Pharma meanwhile has a pilocarpine and phentolamine combination that it says could improve vision at a lower dose, avoiding side effects. (pharmaphorum.com)
- It's a similar approach to that taken by Visus Therapeutics with Brimochol - based on carbachol which acts like pilocarpine and brimonidine tartrate, which also acts as a dilator. (pharmaphorum.com)
- This included pilocarpine, carbachol and micro-doses of echothiophate iodide, etc. (stargardtdiseasetreatment.com)
Acetylcholine5
- Carbachol, also known as carbamylcholine and sold under the brand name Miostat among others, is a cholinomimetic drug that binds and activates acetylcholine receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- Although nicotine is an agonist of ionotropic acetylcholine receptors, we found that nicotine-induced polyspermy was neither mimicked by acetylcholine and carbachol nor inhibited by specific antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (mdpi.com)
- Unlike acetylcholine and carbachol, nicotine uniquely induced drastic rearrangement of egg cortical microfilaments in a dose-dependent way. (mdpi.com)
- Relaxations of the isolated bovine retractor penis muscle elicited by nicotine and the three other nicotinic agonists acetylcholine, carbachol, and dimethylphenylpiperazinium were studied. (aspetjournals.org)
- Ophth application of diclofenac may reduce the efficacy of ophth acetylcholine and carbachol. (medicscientist.com)
High doses4
- Among these trace amines, tyramine has recently been described, at high doses, to exhibit an antilipolytic action and activation of glucose transport in human adipocytes, i.e., effects that are facilitating lipid storage rather than mobilization. (bvsalud.org)
- We found that ACh suppressed the occurrence of evoked reverberation at low to moderate doses, but to a much lesser extent at high doses. (springer.com)
- Moreover, high doses of ACh caused a longer duration of evoked reverberation, and a higher occurrence of spontaneous activity. (springer.com)
- The kinetics characteristic of elimination of ethanol and high doses of phenytoin and aspirin is known as A. Distribution B. Excretion C. First-pass effect D. First-order elimination E. Zero-order elimination 13. (kupdf.net)
Higher doses6
- Intrageniculate carbachol and ACh depressed all components of the CVEP, whereas dopamine in low doses enhanced and in higher doses depressed the CVEP. (erowid.org)
- Intrageniculate LSD decreased both cortical and local LGN evoked responses in low doses, whereas higher doses enhanced both potentials. (erowid.org)
- Cinanserin antagonism of 5-HT was surmountable in that higher doses of 5-HT reinstated the initial depressant response. (erowid.org)
- However, higher doses of LSD were incapable of reversing cinanserin blockade, suggesting LSD also be a partial agonist. (erowid.org)
- May predispose to retinal detachment in higher doses. (marineyes.com)
- It is wise to remember that many substances that are essential nutrients or life saving medicines can also be deadly poisons in higher doses. (neurohackers.com)
Atropine3
- Atropine inhibited WGE over the entire range of doses tested. (cdc.gov)
- Misdiagnosing this for cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning could lead one to mistakenly administer toxic doses of atropine. (cdc.gov)
- The failure to show signs of atropinization after a trial dose of atropine is said to suggest cholinesterase poisoning. (cdc.gov)
Contractions2
- Dose related contractions of nonsensitized, guinea pig trachea (GPT) were demonstrated using these extracts. (cdc.gov)
- Whereas a complete relaxation of carbachol (1 μM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum (3 mg/ml) and tracheal (10 mg/ml) preparations was observed, similar to dicyclomine at 1 and 3 μM, respectively. (ijp-online.com)
Cholinergic2
- Carbachol elicits this REM sleep-like state via activation of postsynaptic muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs). (wikipedia.org)
- Subsequently experimental animal models employing cholinergic agonists like carbamylcholine (carbachol), CCK and its analogues as well as scorpion venom were shown to induce pancreatic injury in a time- and dose-dependent manner [9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. (pancreapedia.org)
Phenylephrine2
- In separate groups, we will also carry out myograph studies, to assess the vascular reactivity of isolated vessels by comparing concentration-response curves of carbachol and phenylephrine among all the treated groups in the two sets of experiments. (elsevierpure.com)
- 3 mM and 6 mM), FE + suramin (100 μM), FE + phenylephrine and FE + carbachol. (arccjournals.com)
Concentration-response curves1
- A dose-dependent (0.1-0.3 mg/ml) rightward shift was demonstrated in histamine concentration-response curves. (ijp-online.com)
Nicotinic receptors1
- Carbachol is a parasympathomimetic that stimulates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
MicroM3
- Nicotine (10-45 microM) induced dose-dependent relaxations that closely resembled those evoked by transmural stimulation of inhibitory nerves. (aspetjournals.org)
- The relaxations induced by this dose level of nicotine were abruptly abolished by hypoxia and totally blocked by 1.2 microM mecamylamine, 45 microM lidocaine, and 13 microM methylene blue. (aspetjournals.org)
- The responses to PGF2 alpha were measured and compared to those produced with 1 microM carbachol. (wisc.edu)
Dopamine2
- There was a dose- and calcium-dependent release of dopamine from turtle retinas incubated in $\sp3$H-dopamine after perfusion of the GABA antagonist bicuculline. (tmc.edu)
- Glutamate antagonists selective for hyperpolarizing bipolar cells, such as 2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acid (PDA), caused dose- and calcium-dependent release of dopamine from the retina. (tmc.edu)
Equivalent doses2
- Therefore, in this study, a guinea pig model of allergic asthma was used to compare the protective effects of inhaled racemic salbutamol and the equivalent doses of the R - and S -enantiomers on the magnitudes of the EAR and LAR, AHR to histamine after both the EAR and LAR, and airway inflammation after the LAR. (ersjournals.com)
- IL cisapride produced a dose-dependent response in the dose range 1 × 10 -9 M to 3 × 10 -1 & l-3 × 10 -7 M in the ileum, and 3 × 10 -11 to 3 × 10 -9 M in the colonic segments, IL cisapride was significantly more effective than IA delivery of equivalent doses. (annals.edu.sg)
Nicotine3
- While alkaloids often exert unique pharmacological effects on animal cells, exposure of sea urchin eggs to nicotine causes polyspermy at fertilization in a dose-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
- Also carbachol and dimethylphenylpiperazinium induced relaxations qualitatively identical to those effected by the above-mentioned doses of nicotine. (aspetjournals.org)
- Relaxations induced by larger doses of nicotine were less susceptible to hypoxia and the blocking drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
Agonists1
- Use of carbachol, as well as all other muscarinic receptor agonists, is contraindicated in patients with asthma, coronary insufficiency, gastroduodenal ulcers, and incontinence. (wikipedia.org)
Contraction2
- Response was measured as a percent of maximal carbachol contraction. (cdc.gov)
- 2) In the atonic rat muscle, bradykinin and substance P had little of no effect on tone but eledoisin produced a sustained dose-related contraction which could be abolished by phentolamine (1 mcM) and is, therefore, probably an indirect sympathomimetic effect. (erowid.org)
Inhibitory2
- LSD-induced attenuations of CVEP and aubcortical VEP suggest this agent may act as an agonist at low doses on an inhibitory serotonergic system. (erowid.org)
- Eledoisin did not alter the dose-response curve to noradrenaline and its inhibitory action is likely, therefore, to be presynaptic. (erowid.org)
Ileal1
- IL instilled mebeverine (1 × 10 -6 M) inhibited the carbachol dose response of the ileal and colonic segments more than an equivalent dose of mebeverine infused IA. (annals.edu.sg)
Secretion2
- The major objectives were (i) to characterise NOS isoforms in the gastric glandular mucosa, (ii) to localise NOS isoforms in the rat gastric glandular mucosa, (iii) to investigate the role of NO in carbachol-stimulated gastric mucus secretion, (iv) to investigate the nature of NOS and small intestine. (aston.ac.uk)
- Furthermore, MMA- and DMA-induced decrease of pepsinogen secretion showed dose-dependent patters. (koreascience.kr)
Maximal2
- The dose or concentration required to bring about 50% of a drug's maximal effect A. Potency D. Kd B. ED50 E. Therapeutic index C. Efficacy 6. (kupdf.net)
- The effect of betacellulin was dose dependent, being maximal at 2 nM. (elsevierpure.com)
Drops1
- The recommended adult dose of dorzolamide - timolol eye drops is one drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily. (rxhealthmed.ca)
Guinea pig1
- In vitro , S -salbutamol was shown to increase the contractile response to carbachol in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle preparations 12 , intracellular calcium levels in bovine airway smooth muscle cells 13 , and histamine and interleukin-4 production in immunoglobulin (Ig)E-stimulated murine mast cells 14 . (ersjournals.com)
Duration3
- Carbachol is not easily metabolized by cholinesterase, it has a 2 to 5 minute onset of action and its duration of action is 4 to 8 hours with topical administration and 24 hours for intraocular administration. (wikipedia.org)
- The FDA approval is based on the results of GEMINI 1 and GEMINI 2 studies, which showed that Vuity works as quickly as 15 minutes after dosing with a duration of action of up to six hours, improving near and intermediate vision without affecting distance vision. (pharmaphorum.com)
- The adverse effects due to Lidocaine mainly involve the CNS, are usually of short duration, and are dose related. (medicscientist.com)
Glaucoma3
- Carbachol is primarily used in the treatment of glaucoma, but it is also used during ophthalmic surgery. (wikipedia.org)
- Carbachol eyedrops are used to decrease the pressure in the eye for people with glaucoma. (wikipedia.org)
- The effective dose of echothiophate for treatment of patients under age 40 years with Stargardt disease is only 3% of the effective dose used for patients with glaucoma. (stargardtdiseasetreatment.com)
Efficacy1
Outflow1
- CONCLUSIONS The relaxation of precontracted ciliary muscle by PGF2 alpha may help explain how a single topical dose of this prostanoid increases uveoscleral outflow and antagonizes resting myopia in the living monkey. (wisc.edu)
Dependent4
- Linalool induced a dose dependent increase of motility effects, thus ruling out the confounding influence of a possible sedative effect. (researchgate.net)
- Study of ethanolic extract of Trianthema portulacastrum showed a significant dose-dependent protective effect against paracetamol and thiocetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. (stuartxchange.org)
- We have previously published findings in the anaesthetised in vivo pig, that cisapride and mebeverine when infused IL into the sigmoid colon resulted in a pharmacological dose dependent responses, which was more efficacious and localised than systemic administration of these drugs. (annals.edu.sg)
- With whole-cell recording from single neurons, we found that ACh inhibited excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) while elevating neuronal firing in a dose-dependent manner. (springer.com)
Reaction1
- Carbachol may be prepared in a 2 step process beginning with the reaction of 2-chloroethanol with urea to form a 2-chloroethyl-carbamate, which is then quaternised by a reaction with trimethylamine. (wikipedia.org)
Pharmacist2
- Areas that have been degradation is initiated by the pharmacist, for dose amoxicillin boils homozygotes with hemoglo- cnmnslinialaria. (themauimiracle.org)
- If you are not sure what to do after missing a dose, contact your doctor or pharmacist for advice. (rxhealthmed.ca)
Medications2
- Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
- Many things can affect the dose of a medication that a person needs, such as body weight, other medical conditions, and other medications. (rxhealthmed.ca)
Effect2
- In the hot plate test, only the dose of 100 mg/kg of (-)-linalool resulted in a significant effect. (researchgate.net)
- The NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester dose-dependently, and selectively, prevented the stimulatory effect of carbachol. (aston.ac.uk)
Topical2
- Since carbachol is poorly absorbed through topical administration, benzalkonium chloride is mixed in to promote absorption. (wikipedia.org)
- When administered ocularly there is little risk of such effects, since the doses are much smaller (see topical versus systemic administration). (wikipedia.org)
Rodents1
- p-Hydroxyamphetamine (p-OHA) is an active metabolite of amphetamine (AMPH) and methamphetamine (METH), and can be detected in the brain for a relatively long period after high-dose administration of AMPH in rodents. (bvsalud.org)
Administration1
- Intragastric administration of carbachol or 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 increased the thickness of the rat gastric mucus layer. (aston.ac.uk)
Effects1
- This study evaluated the bronchoprotective effects of inhalation of therapeutically relevant doses of the racemate and individual enantiomers in guinea pigs. (ersjournals.com)
Drugs1
- Different doses of the test drugs will be given by oral gavage concomitantly with adenine. (elsevierpure.com)
Equal1
- If a drug is repeatedly administered at dosing intervals equal to its elimination half-life, the number of doses required for the plasma concentration of the drug to reach the steady state is: A. 2 to 3 D. 8 to 9 B. 4 to 5 E. 10 or more C. 6 to 7 4. (kupdf.net)
Activity1
- A recent review indicates that carbachol is a strong promoter of ICC activity, which is mediated through the calcium-activated chloride channel, anoctamin 1. (wikipedia.org)
Minutes1
- If you require a second dose in the same eye, wait at least 5 to 10 minutes before instilling the next drop(s) and repeat steps 1 to 8. (medlineplus.gov)
Daily2
- In severe cases (e.g. colic) the daily dose can exceptionally be increased to two ampoules of 75 mg, separated by an interval of a few hours. (medicscientist.com)
- Children: In juvenile chronic arthritis, 1-3 mg of Diclofenac sodium/kg body weight daily in divided doses. (medicscientist.com)
Delivery1
- Overnight Drugstore: Amoxicillin dose for boils free delivery! (themauimiracle.org)
Solution1
- If you are using the preservative-free solution, also avoid touching the eye area with the fins (plastic pieces at the sides of the unit dose eye dropper), as the fins can scratch or cut your eye, causing serious eye injury. (rxhealthmed.ca)
Patients1
- Since June 18, 2001, 309 diverse Stargardt Disease patients were observed and treated with off-label micro doses of echothiophate iodide. (stargardtdiseasetreatment.com)
Release1
- Depolarizing concentration of potassium, tolbutamide, carbachol, and glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulated the release of immunoreactive insulin. (elsevierpure.com)
Lower1
- TCM, micro-doses of echothiophate iodide, were self administered into the lower cul-de-sac just prior to sleep every other day. (stargardtdiseasetreatment.com)
Time1
- If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. (rxhealthmed.ca)