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ButorphanolNalbuphineAnalgesics, OpioidMorphinansReceptors, Opioid, kappaPentazocineMiosisOxymorphoneEthylketocyclazocineNotophthalmusMeperidineClonixinThiazinesLevorphanolNasal SpraysEncyclopedias as TopicDrugs, GenericTabletsAdministration, IntranasalClonazepamAnxiety DisordersEconomics, NursingPanic DisorderLactationSeizuresAlgorithms
NalbuphineBuprenorphineAnalgesiaTartrateSedationIntravenousNasal sprayCodeineAnesthesiaAnalgesic effectsIntramuscularFentanylMidazolamHigh dosesMedicationsEquianalgesicTherapeuticDexmedetomidineRegimenOrallyOpioid tolerantTolerantPediatricAdverse effectsDrugsDurationIncreasesHorsesToxicInjectableIntrathecalDosagesBolusBupivacaineIncrease your doseFixed-dose combinAdministrationMorphineLast doseAdult doseMetabolismDecreaseUsualWithdrawalOccursExposureSide EffectsPain
Nalbuphine3
  • The time of onset of breastfeeding was delayed in newborns whose mothers received analgesia at delivery with butorphanol or nalbuphine compared to those who did not receive analgesia, although in both groups it occurred on average within the first hour after birth. (e-lactancia.org)
  • In the postoperative period, VAS and Colorado analgesic scores were lower for the dogs that received the higher nalbuphine dose, which only required supplemental analgesia 10 h following its administration, compared with dogs that received the lower dose. (scielo.br)
  • Certain pain medicines (mixed opioid agonist-antagonists such as pentazocine, nalbuphine, and butorphanol), as well as naltrexone, may interact with this substance. (usacurepharmacy.com)
Buprenorphine1
  • Suboxone, a fixed-dose combination of buprenorphine and naloxone, relieves cravings to use and withdrawal symptoms and substantially reduces OUD-related mortality. (uspharmacist.com)
Analgesia5
  • Epidural analgesia combined with inhalatory anesthesia may provide advantages over the conventional routes of analgesic administration (intravenous or intramuscular), including reduction of the doses of the inhalant agents required to produce anaesthesia and thus the side effects derived from higher doses 1 1. (scielo.br)
  • Palmer CM, Cork RC, Hays R, Van Maren G, Alves D. The dose-response relation of intrathecal fentanyl for labor analgesia. (scielo.br)
  • Pharmacists should work with the healthcare team to develop and optimize patient-centered care plans that incorporate nonpharmacologic approaches, nonopioid analgesia, combination nonopioid/opioid analgesia at calibrated doses, and steps to prevent adverse side effects. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Listed below are the adverse event incidence rates from single dose analgesia trials in which a total of 2437 patients received either Combunox (oxycodone hcl and ibuprofen) , ibuprofen (400 mg), oxycodone HCl (5 mg), or placebo. (globalrph.com)
  • Table 1: CANINE SEDATION/ANALGESIA DOSE TABLE: Intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) dosing on the basis of body weight. (nih.gov)
Tartrate3
Sedation5
  • As with other opioid analgesics, central nervous system effects (such as sedation, confusion, and dizziness) are considerations with butorphanol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Butorphanol is used for sedation and mild to moderate pain control in dogs and cats. (wikipedia.org)
  • If they are healthy I use butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg for nonpainful procedural sedation OR hydromorphone 0.1 mg/kg if performing a painful procedure. (vasg.org)
  • Juvenile penguins are more tolerant to higher doses of drugs for sedation/anesthesia than older penguins. (mallardmedical.com)
  • For sedation/premedication we used different doses of midazolam (0.5-2 mg/kg) and butorphanol (1-2mg/kg) with variable results. (mallardmedical.com)
Intravenous2
  • The aim of this study was to a comparison of insertion conditions of LMA and postoperative pain scores in shoulder arthroscopies using either intravenous (IV) butorphanol or IV fentanyl in combination with IV propofol. (joas.in)
  • Peak effects generally are reached in 10 minutes with the intravenous route, 10-15 minutes after nasal insufflation (eg, butorphanol, heroin), 30-45 minutes with the intramuscular route, 90 minutes with the oral route, and 2-4 hours after dermal application (ie, fentanyl). (medscape.com)
Nasal spray6
  • Butorphanol nasal spray may be habit forming, especially with prolonged use. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Use butorphanol nasal spray exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • While using butorphanol nasal spray, discuss with your health care provider your pain treatment goals, length of treatment, and other ways to manage your pain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Butorphanol nasal spray may cause serious or life-threatening breathing problems, especially during the first 24 to 72 hours of your treatment and any time your dose is increased. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor will probably tell you not to use butorphanol nasal spray. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Taking certain other medications with butorphanol nasal spray may increase the risk of serious or life-threatening breathing problems. (medlineplus.gov)
Codeine1
  • If concurrent use of codeine and buspirone is imperative, reduce the dose of one or both drugs. (pdr.net)
Anesthesia3
  • In veterinary anesthesia, butorphanol (trade name: Torbugesic) is widely used as a sedative and analgesic in dogs, cats and horses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epidural methadone in dogs undergoing pelvic limb surgical procedures resulted in greater decreases in the EtISO required to maintain anesthesia compared with the same doses administered intravenously 2 2. (scielo.br)
  • All cats received butorphanol prior to anesthesia and forelimb four-point regional nerve blocks with bupivacaine after induction of general anesthesia. (biomedcentral.com)
Analgesic effects2
  • Objective -To evaluate the sedative and analgesic effects of subanesthetic doses of ketamine in horses sedated with xylazine, with or without butorphanol. (avma.org)
  • Lower VAS scores due to analgesic effects of fentanyl and butorphanol contribute to painless shifting of patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy. (joas.in)
Intramuscular1
  • Table 2: CANINE PREANESTHESIA DOSE TABLE: Intramuscular (IM) dosing on the basis of body weight. (nih.gov)
Fentanyl4
  • Determination of the analgesic dose-response relationship for epidural fentanyl and sufentanil with bupivacaine 0.125% in laboring patients. (scielo.br)
  • A total of 100 patients scheduled for various elective surgical procedures were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 50 each, that is, Group F (propofol and fentanyl) and Group B (propofol and butorphanol). (joas.in)
  • Coinduction was done in Group B with IV butorphanol (30 μg/kg) and in Group F with IV fentanyl (1.5 μg/kg). (joas.in)
  • The use of propofol-butorphanol combination produces excellent LMA insertion conditions as compared to propofol-fentanyl combination. (joas.in)
Midazolam1
High doses1
  • Suddenly stopping this medication may cause withdrawal, especially if you have used it for a long time or in high doses. (webmd.com)
Medications3
  • Drinking alcohol, taking prescription or nonprescription medications that contain alcohol, or using street drugs during your treatment with butorphanol injection also increases the risk that you will experience these serious, life-threatening side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Without your doctor's permission, do not begin, stop, or alter the dose of any medications. (usacurepharmacy.com)
  • Many things can affect the dose of medication that a person needs, such as body weight, other medical conditions, and other medications. (medbroadcast.com)
Equianalgesic2
  • The Washington Manual , www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/109510/all/Equianalgesic_Dosing_Guidelines. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Vallerand AHA, Sanoski CAC, Quiring CC. Equianalgesic Dosing Guidelines. (unboundmedicine.com)
Therapeutic1
  • Following therapeutic doses, most absorption occurs in the small intestine. (medscape.com)
Dexmedetomidine4
  • Dexmedetomidine dose range is 0.001 to 0.0075 mg/kg. (vasg.org)
  • For example, dogs weighing 2 kg are dosed at 28.1 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine IV, compared to dogs weighing 80 kg that are dosed at 8.7 mcg/kg. (nih.gov)
  • Injectable induction drug requirements for intubation will be reduced between 30% and 60%, depending on the choice of anesthetic and the dexmedetomidine preanesthetic dose. (nih.gov)
  • The concentration of inhalation maintenance anesthetic will be reduced between 40% and 60%, depending on the dose of dexmedetomidine. (nih.gov)
Regimen3
  • As with any opioid drug product, the dosing regimen is adjusted for each patient. (rxlist.com)
  • As with any opioid drug product, adjust the dosing regimen for each patient individually, taking into account the patient's prior analgesic treatment experience. (rxlist.com)
  • Although he has both male and female patients who have responded to this dosing regimen for prednisone without major side effects, it is not the right choice for every patient. (dermatologytimes.com)
Orally2
  • the mean dose of metformin administered orally was 19.14 ± 2.78 mg/kg. (avma.org)
  • For the management of acute moderate to severe pain, the recommended dose of Combunox (oxycodone hcl and ibuprofen) is one tablet given orally. (globalrph.com)
Opioid tolerant1
  • The effective dose in opioid-tolerant patients may be 10 to 50 times as great (or greater) than the appropriate dose for opioid-naïve individuals. (clustermed.info)
Tolerant1
  • 1,2 Once someone is tolerant to Norco, they will take higher doses, and this will ultimately speed up the development of a Norco dependence. (addictions.com)
Pediatric1
  • In a study of pediatric patients with an anxiety disorder, doses of 5 to 30 mg PO twice daily were safe and well-tolerated in adolescents (n = 12). (pdr.net)
Adverse effects1
  • These two types of drugs work in different ways, and when used together, they generally relieve pain that would otherwise require a higher dose of opioid while causing fewer adverse effects. (worstpills.org)
Drugs4
  • this gives butorphanol a lower potential for abuse than other opioid drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • If hydrocodone is used with buspirone, the dose of one or both drugs should be reduced. (pdr.net)
  • In general, as with other drugs, their use should be limited to the lowest dose for the shortest period of time in those patients for whom an opioid is indicated. (worstpills.org)
  • Older adults may require less than the usual adult dose to produce the desired effects because of their bodies' greater sensitivity to opioid drugs. (worstpills.org)
Duration5
  • Single I.M. doses have a duration of 1-2 hours, single I.V. doses last 0.5-1 hour. (globalrph.com)
  • The requested changes include: striking the term "moderate" but retaining the use for severe pain, adding a suggested maximum dose equivalent to 100 milligrams of morphine and adding a suggested shorter duration of use. (worstpills.org)
  • Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see WARNINGS ). (globalrph.com)
  • The choice of preanesthetic dose depends on the duration and severity of the procedure, as well as the anesthetic regime. (nih.gov)
  • This effect appears to vary by specific drug, as well as by dose and duration. (msdmanuals.com)
Increases1
  • Because of its κ-agonist activity, at analgesic doses butorphanol increases pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac work. (wikipedia.org)
Horses2
  • Butorphanol is a commonly used narcotic for pain relief in horses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -Administration of a subanesthetic dosage of ketamine with xylazine and butorphanol may facilitate certain procedures, such as insertion of a dental float, in horses and enhance tolerance to pressure stimulation, but it may worsen responses to acute pain, such as that caused by a needle prick. (avma.org)
Toxic1
  • Toxic doses may have delayed absorption because of delayed gastric emptying and slowed gut motility. (medscape.com)
Injectable1
  • The objective of the present US study was to demonstrate the field effectiveness and safety of injectable robenacoxib at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg for the control of post-operative pain associated with onychectomy, ovariohysterectomy and castration surgery in cats. (biomedcentral.com)
Intrathecal1
  • The dose of intrathecal baclofen will be different for different patients and will depend on the type of muscle tightness that you have. (drugs.com)
Dosages1
  • Procedures -Each horse was sedated multiple times by administration of xylazine (treatment X), xylazine and butorphanol (treatment XB), xylazine with 1 of 2 dosages of ketamine (treatment XK1 or XK2), or xylazine and butorphanol with 1 of 2 dosages of ketamine (treatment XBK1 or XBK2). (avma.org)
Bolus1
  • Mean + SD serum metformin concentrations over time following IV (A) and oral (B) administration of a bolus dose of metformin hydrochloride to 7 mixed-breed dogs (phase 1) in a crossover experiment (interval of 1 week between treatments). (avma.org)
Bupivacaine1
  • 10. Abelson AL, Armitage-Chan E, Lindsey JC, Wetmore LA. A comparison of epidural morphine with low dose bupivacaine versus epidural morphine alone on motor and respiratory function in dogs following splenectomy. (scielo.br)
Increase your dose3
  • Do not increase your dose, use the medication more often, or use it for a longer time than prescribed. (webmd.com)
  • Your doctor may need to increase your dose or change your medication. (webmd.com)
  • Do not increase your dose, take the medication more often, or take it for a longer time than prescribed. (webmd.com)
Fixed-dose combin1
  • Evaluation of a fixed-dose combination of butorphanol-azaperone-medeto. (digar.ee)
Administration2
  • Food was withheld from each dog for 16 hours before and 6 hours after either dose administration. (avma.org)
  • Due to the small volume of administration, accurate dosing is not possible in dogs weighing less than 2 kg (4.4 lb). (nih.gov)
Morphine1
  • CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism Of Action Morphine sulfate, an opioid agonist, is relatively selective for the mu receptor, although it can interact with other opioid receptors at higher doses. (clustermed.info)
Last dose2
  • The first dose was administered on day 0, and the last dose was administered on day 6. (avma.org)
  • If you suddenly quit using Norco, withdrawal symptoms may develop in the 8-24 hours following your last dose. (addictions.com)
Adult dose1
  • The recommended adult dose of flurazepam ranges from 15 mg to 30 mg and is taken before bedtime. (medbroadcast.com)
Metabolism1
  • African penguins ) tend to have a faster metabolism, and usually higher doses are needed. (mallardmedical.com)
Decrease1
  • Decrease eluxadoline dose to 75 mg PO BID if coadministered with OATP1B1 inhibitors. (medscape.com)
Usual1
  • Usual dose: 20 to 30 mg/day. (pdr.net)
Withdrawal1
  • To prevent withdrawal, your doctor may lower your dose slowly. (webmd.com)
Occurs1
  • 4 Dependence occurs due to repeated exposure to higher and higher doses of Norco. (addictions.com)
Exposure1
  • patients with prior opiate exposure may require higher initial doses. (globalrph.com)
Side Effects2
  • Effective doses have not been shown to cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults. (drugs.com)
  • The .75 mg dose equals the efficacy of 25 mg of prednisone with the side effects of 5 mg," Zirwas said. (dermatologytimes.com)
Pain4
  • Butorphanol is more effective in reducing pain in women than in men. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although butorphanol is commonly used for pain relief in reptiles, no studies (as of 2014) have conclusively shown that it is an effective analgesic in reptiles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Doses should be titrated to pain relief/prevention. (globalrph.com)
  • People tend to take escalating doses of this opioid painkiller because they build a tolerance, which means more of the drug is needed to produce the same desired effect, such as pain relief or euphoria. (addictions.com)