• The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has continued to increase globally. (hindawi.com)
  • Hawaiians have the highest prevalence of diabetes determine if a patient had diabetes, we used a diabetes reported for any Polynesian or part-Polynesian group, algorithm that followed two decision paths. (cdc.gov)
  • 1,6,7 The increasing prevalence of diabetes is a serious health crisis, impacting quality of life, overall health status, direct and indirect healthcare costs, and psychosocial factors. (ajmc.com)
  • analyses of fasting and 2-h postload glucose levels in Korea, Nauru, Egypt, and Taiwan showed unimodal glucose distributions ( 6 ), although this may be an artifact of the relative infrequency of diabetes in the population, as studies in populations such as the Pima Indians with very high prevalence of diabetes do show evidence of bimodal glucose distributions ( 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Pharmacologic doses of vitamin E improve insulin action in healthy subjects and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. (naturalnews.com)
  • Consequently, many diabetic patients are also suggested to receive complementary and alternative medicine therapies. (hindawi.com)
  • The hypoglycemic effect of berberine was first reported in 1988 when it was used to treat diarrhea in diabetic patients [ 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is estimated that, by 2025, India, China, and the United States will be the top three countries to have large number of diabetic patients [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, the mechanisms behind this impaired outcome of ICI treatments in diabetic patients remain unknown. (nature.com)
  • This is a significant finding considering that younger diabetic patients have been shown to have the Abstract poorest glycemic control and worst health outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • 2006). Type 1 diabetic patients are usually diagnosed before thirty years of age (CDC, Diabetes Surveillance, 1999) and in fact an alternative name is Juvenile diabetes. (nursingtermpapers.com)
  • Induction of long-term glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients by transient intensive insulin treatment. (florence.com.tr)
  • In machined surface implants the diabetes interfere negatively in osseointegration while acid-etched surface promoted major BIC and BD index, indicating its selective use in diabetic patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • In managing secondary dyslipidemia, consider statin therapy for all patients, as these agents reduce mortality and coronary heart disease/atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CHD/ASCVD) endpoints. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, aspirin was not observed to influence the incidence of vitreous hemorrhage in patients who required it for cardiovascular disease or other conditions. (medscape.com)
  • 5 Along with its associated complications, such as cardiovascular disease, blindness, kidney disease, neuropathy, and lower-extremity amputation, diabetes places a substantial economic burden on the American healthcare system. (ajmc.com)
  • In developed countries, cardiovascular disease is the main complication causing death resulted from diabetes ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The test requires close monitoring of the patient and is contraindicated in patients with a history of seizures or cardiovascular disease. (medscape.com)
  • The review question is: Are metabolic outcomes improved in outpatient adolescents (aged 13 to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes on a Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) when continuous glucose monitoring is used, compared to self-glucose monitoring alone? (nih.gov)
  • Patients first should be treated for the metabolic condition that is causing or exacerbating their hyperlipidemia. (medscape.com)
  • Individualize and adjust dosage based on metabolic needs, blood glucose monitoring results and glycemic control goal. (nih.gov)
  • Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia and alterations in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, associated with absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] A study by Stuebe et al found this condition to be associated with persistent metabolic dysfunction in women at 3 years after delivery, separate from other clinical risk factors. (medscape.com)
  • Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterised by high levels of glucose in the blood. (nursingtermpapers.com)
  • Diabetes is a series of metabolic conditions associated with many serious comorbidities, such as heart disease and stroke, peripheral arterial disease and lower-extremity amputations, retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy. (ajmc.com)
  • The study was meant to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with breast cancer and to establish its role as an independent risk factor on occurrence of breast cancer. (ijmpo.org)
  • Metabolic syndrome prevalence was found in 40.0% of breast cancer patients, and 18.0% of those in control group ( P = 0.02). (ijmpo.org)
  • Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in breast cancer patients and is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. (ijmpo.org)
  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease in patients with high blood glucose over prolonged period ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In North America and Western Europe only small amounts of vitamin D, a fat-soluble secosteroid hormone, enter the metabolic circle via dietary uptake (e.g. from fish), although dietary supplement intake has increased in recent years (Figure 1). (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a constellation of interacting risk factors including impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and visceral adiposity. (nature.com)
  • Controlling diabetes and maintaining the HbA1c level in the 6-7% range are the goals in the optimal management of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. (medscape.com)
  • If the levels are maintained, then the progression of diabetic retinopathy is reduced substantially, according to The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. (medscape.com)
  • The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), which involved newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, revealed that the risk of retinopathy was reduced through both improved glycemic control and improved blood pressure control. (medscape.com)
  • [ 34 ] The ADA recommends that all patients with diabetes (type 2 and type 1) strive to maintain glycated hemoglobin levels of less than 7% (reflecting long-term glucose levels) to prevent or at least minimize the long-term complications of diabetes mellitus, including retinopathy. (medscape.com)
  • The Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study found that 650 mg of aspirin daily did not offer any benefit in preventing the progression of diabetes mellitus retinopathy. (medscape.com)
  • More than 70% of subjects in these studies had diabetes, and the most frequent etiology of the vitreous hemorrhage was proliferative diabetic retinopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in adults 20 to 74 years of age with about 12 to 24 thousand new cases of blindness caused by diabetic retinopathy. (planetherbs.com)
  • Low dose or very low dose phenylephrine and cyclopentolate microdrops for retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations (The Little Eye Drop Study): A randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Diabetes in humans induces chronic complications such as cardiovascular damage, cataracts and retinopathy, nephropathy and polyneuropathy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HUMALOG ® Mix75/25™ is a mixture of insulin lispro protamine, an intermediate-acting human insulin analog, and insulin lispro, a rapid-acting human insulin analog indicated to improve glycemic control in adults with diabetes mellitus. (nih.gov)
  • Complications from diabetes mellitus can compromise a driver's ability to safely operate a motor vehicle, yet little is known about whether euglycemia predicts normal driving risks among adults with diabetes. (plos.org)
  • It accounts for 5%-10% of diabetes cases in adults and the vast majority of cases in childhood. (plos.org)
  • Reishi mushroom has most often been used by adults in doses of 1400-5400 mg by mouth daily, usually in divided doses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Heart disease is the leading cause of diabetes-related deaths with death rates being about 2 to 4 times as high as that of adults without diabetes. (planetherbs.com)
  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) case continues to rise as WHO reported that the number of adults suffering from DM had almost quadrupled since 1980 to 422 million cases. (ejournals.ca)
  • To investigate the relation between echocardiographic parameters and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in normoalbuminuric pre-hypertensive adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without clinical evidence of nephropathy or cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. (ispub.com)
  • Serum IGF-I plays a pivotal role in somatotropic axis disorders in both adolescents and adults [ 1 ]. (e-enm.org)
  • 1 An estimated 84 million adults-about 33.9%—have prediabetes, based on results of their fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels (A1C). (ajmc.com)
  • 1 The World Health Organization estimates that 1.5 billion adults worldwide are overweight and 500 million are obese. (bmj.com)
  • RESULTS: Among 4,899,447 hospitalized adults in PHD-SR, 540,667 (11.0%) were patients with COVID-19, of whom 94.9% had at least 1 underlying medical condition. (cdc.gov)
  • We sought to examine the association of sleep problems with diabetes among community-dwelling US adults. (cdc.gov)
  • One-third of US adults report inadequate sleep (1). (cdc.gov)
  • 1996).The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays important roles in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • orlando premium outlets review 04 hex to binary Dec 17, 2021 · The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays important roles in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • We reported, including hyperlipidaemia, heart failure, and hope that these data can be used to model bed demand glucose metabolism disorders ( 6 - 8 ). (who.int)
  • Among numerous complications, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by increased accumulation of lipids and reduced glucose utilization following abnormal lipid metabolism in the myocardium along with oxidative stress, myocardial fibrosis, and inflammation that eventually result in cardiac dysfunction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Such complications result from an abnormal regulation of glucose metabolism, due to the absence or reduction in insulin production or resistance to it 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Many changes in bone metabolism associated with diabetes can consequently affect the process of osseointegration of dental implants. (bvsalud.org)
  • For a long time, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was widely viewed as the essential glucose measurement procedure in the therapy of insulin-treated people with diabetes. (degruyter.com)
  • The high frequency of glucose data and the multitude of existing functions require an extensive training of people with diabetes and their caregivers. (degruyter.com)
  • CGM systems provide a much more detailed picture of glycemia in people with diabetes. (degruyter.com)
  • SMBG systems are essential tools in intensified insulin therapy of people with diabetes, because they provide the possibility to calculate bolus doses for carbohydrate intake, as well as the detection and subsequent counteraction of hypo- or hyperglycemia [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • In addition, dysglycemic events, for example nocturnal or asymptomatic hypoglycemia, may not be recognized and consequently threaten the health of people with diabetes [ 4 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Normal nondiabetic HbA1c is between 3.5% and 5.5%, but 6.5% is considered good for people with diabetes. (plos.org)
  • Human investigations suggest that fenugreek can be beneficial as an adjunct in controlling high blood glucose and lipid levels in people with diabetes. (lww.com)
  • Taking reishi mushroom by mouth doesn't seem to lower cholesterol levels in people with diabetes or high cholesterol. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In 1995, about 27,851 people with diabetes develop end-stage renal disease. (planetherbs.com)
  • A bout 60 to 70% of people with diabetes have mild to severe forms of nervous system damage, which can include peripheral neuropathy, digestive problems, carpal tunnel and other nerve related problems. (planetherbs.com)
  • Approximately 5% to 10% of people with diabetes have Type 1 diabetes, in which the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by the auto immune process. (nursingtermpapers.com)
  • The International Diabetes Federation recently reported that the number of people with diabetes will escalate from 285 million in 2010 to 438 million by 2,030, with more than 70% of cases already from developing countries [ 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • Suggested citation for this article: Plantinga L, Rao MN, Schillinger D. Prevalence of self-reported sleep problems among people with diabetes in the United States, 2005-2008. (cdc.gov)
  • Normally, in patients with acute pancreatitis secondary to severe hypertriglyceridemia, triglyceride levels rapidly decrease, often by 1000 mg/dL each day when treated with standard medical therapy: nothing by mouth (NPO), intravenous (IV) hydration, and if needed, parenteral insulin to reduce plasma glucose levels. (medscape.com)
  • Mitiglinide significantly increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels at the end of the study from 146.5±36.3 to 168.0±38.8 mg/dL, whereas sitagliptin did not affect FPG. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Sitagliptin may predominantly act on FPG, whereas mitiglinide may act on postprandial plasma glucose to achieve glycemic control after switching from a bolus insulin regimen. (bmj.com)
  • Fear of hypoglycemia often leads to a rethinking of patients in the direction of an acceptance of higher BG levels, and subsequently increased glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) values, to avoid the risk of getting into a state of hypoglycemia. (degruyter.com)
  • If diabetes is present, glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) should be normalized with treatment that meets or exceeds the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), if possible. (medscape.com)
  • One measure of this is the percentage of hemoglobin in their blood that has joined up with glucose, known as HbA1c. (plos.org)
  • After adjustment of age, the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio was significantly negatively associated with blood pressure and free thyroxine and positively associated with weight, hemoglobin, creatinine, alanine transferase, fasting glucose, and thyroid stimulating hormone. (e-enm.org)
  • Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol increased significantly in both groups. (bmj.com)
  • The predictive variable for a change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was total insulin dose before switching. (bmj.com)
  • A series of elegant investigations some 4 decades ago led to the realization that elevated levels of certain hemoglobin components are found in individuals with diabetes ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Indicators of outcome effects (depressive and anxious symptomatology, self-esteem, hopelessness, diabetes self-efficacy, self-care and glycemic control) were assessed pre and post therapy using self-report instruments and a measure of glycosilated hemoglobin. (bvsalud.org)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that major burden of diabetes will occur in developing countries, and by 2025, there will be 42% increase (from 51 to 72 million) in the developed countries and 170% increase (from 84 to 228 million) in the developing countries [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Since the concept of T2DM prevention on a mass scale was first proposed early in the twentieth century [ 17 ], and was more recently emphasized by the World Health Organization (WHO) [ 18 ] and other international organizations, a number of very well-conducted intervention trials have now evaluated the prevention of diabetes and its complications in developed countries. (springer.com)
  • was first approved in 1997 and modified in 1999 Although different phrases are present in older literature and stay in use, their use in current clinical apply is inappropriate. (esaunggul.ac.id)
  • 4 Sharma RD, Raghuram TC, Sudhakar Rao N. Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and serum lipids in type 1 diabetes. (naturalnews.com)
  • Recent studies reported that some patients confirmed to have sCJD had low levels of serum antibodies to NMDAR, glycine receptor, and voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Hyponatremia is the most common finding and occurs in 90% of patients (see Serum Sodium ). (medscape.com)
  • Hypercalcemia is uncommon and found in approximately 5-10% of patients (see Serum Calcium ). (medscape.com)
  • The preliminary test for adrenal insufficiency is the measurement of serum cortisol levels from a sample of blood obtained in the morning, although some prefer to order a corticotropin level. (medscape.com)
  • Serum cortisol levels are measured from blood samples drawn after 30 and 60 minutes. (medscape.com)
  • A cortisol level of less than 18 mcg/dL and a serum glucose level of less than 40 mg/dL suggest adrenal insufficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Without inhibition of erythrocyte glycolysis or rapid serum/plasma separation, there is a drop in glucose levels from the time a sample is obtained to the time of processing, leading to inaccuracy. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Cholecalciferol is bound to serum vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and through a two-step enzymatic pathway involving 25-hydroxylase of the liver and 1a-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) of the kidney and extrarenal tissues, it is converted to the biologically active hormone calcitriol (1a,25(OH)2D3) [1]. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Although 1,25(OH)2D3 is the biologically active form of vitamin D the vitamin D status is mainly assessed by the measurement of serum 25(OH)D3 concentration. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Kamlage B, Neuber S, Bethan B, González Maldonado S, Wagner-Golbs A, Peter E, Schmitz O, Schatz P (2018): Impact of prolonged blood incubation and extended serum storage at room temperature on the human serum metabolome. (basf.com)
  • Even without a definitive diagnosis from the workup, treatment of presumed dysbetalipoproteinemia may proceed, because other lipid disorders, such as type IIb hyperlipidemia produce similar elevations in cholesterol and triglyceride levels and will respond to the same medical interventions. (medscape.com)
  • [ 49 ] However, patients treated with lipid-lowering medications should be carefully monitored for the development of myositis or liver disease. (medscape.com)
  • One potential benefit of fenugreek is improving elevated blood glucose and lipid levels associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes and obesity. (lww.com)
  • Mahay S, Adeghate E, Lindley MZ, Rolph CE, Singh J. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus alters the morphology, secretory function and acyl lipid content in the isolated rat parotid salivary gland. (ejournals.ca)
  • A multi-center, open label, crossover designed prospective study evaluating the effects of lipid lowering treatment on steroid synthesis in patients with Type 2 diabetes (MODEST STUDY). (florence.com.tr)
  • To induce hyperglycemia, mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ, which can damage pancreatic β cells resulting in the development of insulin dependent diabetes, a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). (nature.com)
  • Adult patients who were diagnosed as T1DM and pre-hypertensive were categorized as dippers and non-dippers on the basis of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement and their echocardiographic parameters were compared. (ispub.com)
  • Of the 23 T1DM pre-hypertensive patients, 11 were categorized as dippers and 12 as nondippers. (ispub.com)
  • There were no differences between the dipper and the nondipper T1DM pre-hypertensive patients with respect to age, gender, body mass index, clinical and ABPM for average day-time systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. (ispub.com)
  • Left atrial diameter and LV mass index were found higher in the nondipper T1DM patients. (ispub.com)
  • Among prehypertensive T1DM patients evaluated by ambulatory BP monitoring, nondippers had higher LV mass index and left atrial dimensions compared with dippers. (ispub.com)
  • Elevated blood pressure levels are more frequently observed in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) than in the general population ( 5 , 6 , 7 ). (ispub.com)
  • The correlation between ABPM and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in T1DM has been found to be stronger than the correlation between clinic blood pressure (BP) and UAER ( 10 ). (ispub.com)
  • To the best of our knowledge the echocardiographic correlates of ABPM has never been reported in uncomplicated prehypertensive T1DM patients. (ispub.com)
  • This is particularly true for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who because of the characteristics inherent to their developmental stage, often find diabetes self-care and management overwhelming. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, adolescents with T1DM appear to be at high risk for medical complications associated with having diabetes, due to both their developmental stage and higher vulnerability to depression, which in turn, affect self-care behaviors and consequently, glycemic control. (bvsalud.org)
  • We identified consecutive drivers reported to vehicle licensing authorities between January 1, 2005 to January 1, 2007 who had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and a HbA1c documented. (plos.org)
  • The mean HbA1c was lower for those in a crash than controls (7.4% versus 7.9%, unpaired t -test, p = 0.019), equal to a 26% increase in the relative risk of a crash for each 1% reduction in HbA1c (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.54). (plos.org)
  • Patients whose mean total daily doses of rapid-acting insulin analog were 16.6 and 17.8 units were switched to sitagliptin and mitiglinide, respectively, without a change in the HbA1c level. (bmj.com)
  • Total insulin doses/body weight predicted changes in HbA1c only in the sitagliptin group, but not in the mitiglinide group. (bmj.com)
  • Educated patients can use these data to react adequately to their glucose levels and therefore avoid hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events. (degruyter.com)
  • Initial therapy for treating T2DM includes diet and exercise, followed by the use of oral hypoglycemic agents and potentially subcutaneous insulin injections [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Phyllanthus amarus has been reported to include antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, hypoglycemic, cancer suppressive and anthelmintic effects ( Fig. 1 ). (scialert.net)
  • agents and health outcomes in Filipino patients is limited, Adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents is essential to studies support an increased risk for developing diabetes reducing the poor health outcomes of populations at high in this group. (cdc.gov)
  • Patient adherence to a prescribed regimen of oral ed prescription refill claims for oral hypoglycemic agents hypoglycemic agents to prevent diabetes is generally from January 1, 1999, through June 30, 2003 (n = low and difficult to maintain, even in populations with 20,685). (cdc.gov)
  • These results showed that hydroalcholic extract of NS at low doses has hypoglycemic effect and ameliorative effect on regeneration of pancreatic islets and may be used as a therapeutic agent in the management of diabetes mellitus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) has been shown to be effective in improving blood glucose levels in America and England. (mdpi.com)
  • The Minimed Paradigm REAL-Time and Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system, which received FDA clearance in 2006, uses tubing and a reservoir with rapid-acting insulin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methods 60 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and randomized to switch from mealtime dosing of a rapid-acting insulin analog to either sitagliptin or mitiglinide for 16 weeks. (bmj.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to adapt and pilot test a group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model which has been proven to be effective in treating depression in Puerto Rican adolescents, to treat depressive symptoms and improve glycemic control in adolescents with diabetes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Patients with triglyceride concentrations greater than 1000 mg/dL should receive diet and drug therapy and be closely monitored to prevent pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, we assessed the expression of chemokines by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array in tumor-draining lymph nodes (dLNs) of these mice and MC38 cells cultured in different glucose concentrations. (nature.com)
  • Clinical and investigational evidence suggests that the increased breast cancer risk associated with greater abdominal visceral obesity may be related to anomalous insulin signaling through the insulin receptor substrate 1 pathway, leading to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and increased concentrations of endogenous estrogen and androgen. (ijmpo.org)
  • In the overall analysis, GLP-1R agonists had beneficial effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma concentrations of cholesterol, and glycaemic control, but did not have a significant effect on plasma concentrations of liver enzymes. (bmj.com)
  • Another effect of PTH is the stimulation of renal 1,25(OH)2D3 production with possibly misleading 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations within the normal range. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • The present study investigated the effects of Nigella sativa hydroalcholic extract on glucose concentrations in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The American Diabetes Association (ADA) as well as the International Diabetes Federation and the European Association Study of Diabetes (EASD) accept this measure as the diagnostic tool for diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • According to the International Diabetes Federation, 382 million people worldwide live with diabetes. (who.int)
  • According to the latest figures from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the number of individuals with diabetes in 2011 has reached a staggering 366 million, causing 4.6 million deaths each year. (hindawi.com)
  • The American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, and the International Diabetes Federation recommend that individuals with diabetes be as near to normoglycemic as possible. (ajmc.com)
  • 1 A recent report from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) predicted that by 2045, more than 35 million Americans would have diabetes. (ajmc.com)
  • Each intervention was found to be effective in reducing the risk of developing T2DM in people with impaired glucose tolerance, and improving glycemic control in people with T2DM. (springer.com)
  • confirmed these findings, reporting that non-pharmacological interventions were effective in reducing the risk of T2DM in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) by up to 60% compared with control groups [ 24 ]. (springer.com)
  • On November 25, B. pseudomallei susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ceftazidime ( Table ) was identified, and treatment was switched to ceftazidime by using dosing for continuous renal replacement therapy ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Additional therapy to sitagliptin or mitiglinide is clearly required to obtain equivalent glycemic control in patients using a higher dose of insulin. (bmj.com)
  • It is imperative the information is reviewed concurrently with glucose monitoring results in order to ensure appropriate dosing and treatment .The intervention considered in this systematic review is the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in conjunction with a CSII. (nih.gov)
  • Regular measurement of blood glucose (BG) levels by self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a prerequisite for an adequate therapeutic treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus, especially for those with an intensified insulin therapy, for example patients with type 1 diabetes [ 1 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Fayroz organizes some chairs and introduces us to some patients who have travelled to the urban clinic for medical treatment and advice. (who.int)
  • This type of continuous treatment is in contrast to traditional multiple daily injections (MDI) that use slower-acting insulin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Continuous treatment reduces glucose variability. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, lifestyle modifications (eg, smoking cessation, diet, exercise, weight reduction) are initiated before any pharmacologic therapy in the treatment of primary and secondary dyslipidemia, particularly in patients who are asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
  • To assess the efficacy and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (hindawi.com)
  • the trend of the parameters glicometabolici in patients not ade - and therapeutic target, 2) models of insulin treatment vs bar- cheap cialis Diagnosis of erectile dysfunctiondisorder affecting the central nervous system or anywhereâ ¢ at the level of the sacral (and then a little piÃ1 at the bottom) for theinhibit locally the NO-conditional). (hoerthoert.at)
  • Neurological systemâ ¢ Patients undergoing complicated to antihypertensive treatment with piÃ1 drugs. (hoerthoert.at)
  • over the years, various medicinal plants and their extracts have been reported to be effective in the treatment of diabetes [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • however, it remains unknown whether the anti-tumor effects of anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody (PD-1-Ab) treatment are changed in hyperglycemic conditions. (nature.com)
  • mRNA expression levels of CXCL9, a chemokine recruiting CD8 + T cells, were lower in dLNs of STZ-mice than in normoglycemic mice after PD-1-Ab treatment, and its protein was expressed in DCs. (nature.com)
  • These results suggest that the STZ-induced hyperglycemia impairs the effect of PD-1-Ab treatment on MC38 tumor growth, and is accompanied by reduced infiltration of DCs and CD8 + T cells and decreased expression of CCL7 and CXCL9. (nature.com)
  • To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on anti-tumor function induced by anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, we treated STZ-induced diabetic mice with subcutaneous MC38 colon carcinoma tumors with anti-PD-1 antibody, and examined changes in tumor growth, the number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors. (nature.com)
  • also reported that some patients with a diagnosis of immunotherapy-responsive limbic encephalitis had their treatment delayed because of a suspected diagnosis of sCJD ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These aspects of the Native Hawaiian popula- der, ethnicity, island of residence, morbidity level, year of tion further elevate its risk for developing diabetes treatment, and type of coverage (i.e. (cdc.gov)
  • There is no disease in medicine in which parents are asked to make so many daily decisions about a life-saving treatment such as administering of insulin which, in the wrong dose, could cause harm to their child. (nursingtermpapers.com)
  • Abdurachman, Rubiyanto A, Suhariningsih, Hendromartono, Gunawan A. The optimal dose of the low-level laser therapy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. (ejournals.ca)
  • Advancements in the treatment of diabetes with novel pharmacotherapeutic products have changed the therapeutic landscape of diabetes. (ajmc.com)
  • Objective To determine whether treatment with agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) result in weight loss in overweight or obese patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions The present review provides evidence that treatment with GLP-1R agonists leads to weight loss in overweight or obese patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. (bmj.com)
  • This suggested that this can be used as a novel treatment for patients with diabetes with cardiac dysfunction complication. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • There are many methods of maintaining normal blood sugar levels, including treatment with insulin focus to a therapy area by external pumps, blood glucose monitoring and physical exercise. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Herbal and traditional Chinese medicine have also exhibited a strong impact on treatment of cardiovascular complications in diabetes ( 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Mean Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire scores improved significantly in both groups. (bmj.com)
  • A1C, rather than direct measures of glycemia, is now used as the "goal" for diabetes treatment ( 3 , 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The GLP-1 receptor agonists currently approved in the United States for the treatment of type 2 diabetes include exenatide (administered twice daily), liraglutide and lixisenatide (administered once daily), and the once-weekly agents exenatide extended-release, albiglutide, and dulaglutide. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • casino 3f.com mandt bank near me hours The GLP-1 receptor agonists currently approved in the United States for the treatment of type 2 diabetes include exenatide (administered twice daily), liraglutide and lixisenatide (administered once daily), and the once-weekly agents exenatide extended-release, albiglutide, and dulaglutide. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • Patients in the glargine plus metformin treatment group demonstrated an A1C reduction from baseline of negative 0.9 percent. (humalog.com)
  • On the X-axis, 42 percent of patients in the Humalog Mix75/25 plus metformin treatment group reached an A1C of less than or equal to 7 percent. (humalog.com)
  • The bar graph in this image shows the percentage of patients in the PAIR-PI study who reached an A1C of less than or equal to 7 percent in two treatment groups: Humalog Mix75/25 plus metformin and glargine plus metformin. (humalog.com)
  • The dental clinician needs to understand the potential complications that can occur as a consequence of dental treatment of a medically compromised patient and when pretreatment or post-treatment medication or emergency care is indicated. (medscape.com)
  • Such patients should be referred for medical assessment prior to dental treatment. (medscape.com)
  • In the patient with pre-existing disease, preparation for dental treatment should include determination of disease status. (medscape.com)
  • The state of knowledge regarding the treatment of patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances in the environment is constantly evolving and is often uncertain. (cdc.gov)
  • This monograph is intended as an educational resource for physicians and other health professionals in assessing the condition and managing the treatment of patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinicians should be aware of the high prevalence of sleep problems among their patients with diabetes and should consider screening and treatment, which may improve patients' quality of life. (cdc.gov)
  • Bolus dosing is accomplished through adjusting the pump and is utilised to account for nutritional intake as well as hyperglycemia correction. (nih.gov)
  • the confirmation a stress test for the sog-fasting have blood glucose levels controlled and in the qua-contraindications such as the concomitant use of nitrates viagra price . (hoerthoert.at)
  • Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured in the 13th day by cutting tail. (ejournals.ca)
  • What Causes Diabetes is 79 a good fasting blood sugar What Is Normal Blood Sugar, will coq10 raise blood sugar. (esaunggul.ac.id)
  • A relative or absolute insulin deficiency eventually results in weight reduction Diabetes impacts approximately 303 million individuals 94 of the population within the United States, while another estimated eighty four1 million people have prediabetes is 79 a good fasting blood sugar and do not know it If is 79 a good fasting blood sugar you assume you may have prediabetes or diabetes contact a health care skilled. (esaunggul.ac.id)
  • Very massive babies usually have a tendency to require a C section start Circumstances similar to exposure blood sugar support reviews thorne to a viral sickness doubtless play some function in kind 1 diabetes During being pregnant, the placenta produces hormones to sustain your pregnancy These hormones make your cells more proof is 79 a good fasting blood sugar against insulin. (esaunggul.ac.id)
  • Many that require to be taken alongside is 79 a good fasting blood sugar a meal solely work for the meal that they are taken with If you do not take the capsule with a meal, it is not going to work One point of interest is that regular cinnamon incorporates quite a bit of coumarin, which might hurt your liver. (esaunggul.ac.id)
  • All methods previously used for the diagnosis of diabetes, he noted, have relied on measuring blood glucose, whether in the fasting state or after a stress, as in the oral glucose tolerance test. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Fasting blood glucose ≥110 mg/dl (6.1 mmol/l) was considered to represent impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and levels ≥126 mg/dl (7 mmol/l) were considered to represent diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Furthermore, weekly determination of fasting glucose shows that this measure has higher variability than does A1C ( 11 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The biological variability of A1C within an individual is somewhat smaller than that of fasting glucose (coefficient of variation [CV] 3.6 vs. 5.7%) and considerably less than that of 2-h glucose (CV 16.6%) ( 12 ), suggesting that repeated measurements would be more consistent using A1C. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Sensors of all currently available CGM systems measure glucose levels in the subcutaneous interstitial fluid for 6-14 days. (degruyter.com)
  • CGM systems typically consist of the following three components: (a) a glucose oxidase (GOD)-based glucose sensor which is inserted into the subcutaneous fatty tissue and continuously measures glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid, (b) a transmitter which is attached to the sensor and transfers the data to (c) a receiver/smartphone which displays the results ( Figure 1 ). (degruyter.com)
  • Mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ or sodium citrate buffer (CB) 7 days before subcutaneous inoculation with MC38 cells in the right flank on day 0 (Fig. 1 A). Then, the mice were treated with anti-PD-1 antibody or normal rat IgG on days 5, 8, and 11. (nature.com)
  • PLOS Medicine publishes research and commentary of general interest with clear implications for patient care, public policy or clinical research agendas. (plos.org)
  • The infection rate in elderly patients with DKA was high and majority of them had lack of clinical evidence. (scirp.org)
  • We described two patients' clinical manifestations, as well as the string of symptomatological evolution, treatments, and follow-up results. (frontiersin.org)
  • Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) share a lot of similar clinical features, such as prominent cognitive decline, memory problems, psychiatric symptoms, and movement disorders ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The clinical manifestations of type 1 diabetes are immense. (nursingtermpapers.com)
  • Data from a 12-week clinical study in patients with type 2 diabetes indicate that supplementation with NutriTRALA (1200 mg per day, divided doses as add-on therapy with other anti-hyperglycemic medications) results in a significant reduction of plasma fructosamine, along with a trend towards reduced C-peptide, an indication of increased insulin sensitivity.3,4 Complications of diabetes and decreased insulin sensitivity may be the result of oxidative stress. (nutrimedical.com)
  • There are many glycemic management barriers among patients, such as cost, patient perceptions, and clinical inertia. (ajmc.com)
  • Meta-analyses of clinical trials on non-pharmacological strategies for weight reduction have reported 1-6 kg losses that have been difficult to maintain. (bmj.com)
  • When medical management comprises more than a single pill, more complex methods of interacting with, and partnering, patients are needed to improve adherence to management, quality of life, and health outcomes. (mja.com.au)
  • We describe here the rationale and methods of patient-centred care, using the examples of diabetes and asthma. (mja.com.au)
  • METHODS: We used data from more than 800 US hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release (PHD-SR) to describe hospitalized patients aged 18 years or older with COVID-19 from March 2020 through March 2021. (cdc.gov)
  • Some complications of diabetes affect the ability to drive safely. (plos.org)
  • Kitabchi, A.E. and Nyenwi, E.A. (2006) Hyperglycemic crisis in diabetes mellitus: Diabetes ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. (scirp.org)
  • With increasing accuracy and simplified handling of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, this evolving technology challenges and at least partly replaces SMBG systems. (degruyter.com)
  • Since the first continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system, developed in the early 1990s [ 6 ] and marketed in 1999, many developmental steps of CGM systems were performed. (degruyter.com)
  • The Paradigm RT (Real Time) series adds the ability to receive data from a mated continuous blood-glucose monitor. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Basal rate mode, the delivery is continuous in small doses similar to a pancreas, for example 0.15 units per hour throughout the day. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, the accuracy of existing continuous glucose monitoring systems poses a problem for an artificial pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type 2 burning mouth syndrome (BMS): Patients have continuous symptoms throughout the day and are frequently asymptomatic at night. (medscape.com)
  • All of these systems continuously measure the glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid and transfer the data via a transmitter to a receiver which displays the results. (degruyter.com)
  • The disposable sensor is subcutaneously-placed to make glucose measurements in interstitial fluid every 5 minutes and transmit the reading via low power radio frequency (ISM band) to the pump for realtime display. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the diagnosis of diabetes is established in a pregnant woman, continued testing for glycemic control and diabetic complications is indicated for the remainder of the pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • He asserted that early attempts to establish the diagnosis of diabetes were hampered by absence of standardization, for example, with different times for blood determination or with different oral glucose loads. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by Aldose reductase, α -amylase and PTP1B inhibition assays in in vitro and Alloxan-induced diabetes in rats was used as an in vivo model. (hindawi.com)
  • Rats in L2 showed a significant decrease in FBG level, a significant increase pancreatic beta cell and Langerhans area.41 patients undergo hysteroscopy procedure dan endometrial biopsy. (ejournals.ca)
  • Gao S, Li R, Tian H, Pei E, Cao B, Wu Y. [Effects of electroacupuncture at “Yishu†(EX-B 3) on the relative hormones of HPA axis in rats with type-2 diabetes mellitus]. (ejournals.ca)
  • The results revealed that oral administration of sesamin for 4 weeks (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) marginally improved blood glucose levels, body weight and significantly ameliorated the effects on heart rate and blood pressure in rats with type 1 diabetes relative to control rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Zero-mortality under very- low-dose insulin application. (scirp.org)
  • These comorbidities include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ventilatory dysfunction, arthrosis, venous and lymphatic circulation diseases, depression, and others, which have a negative impact on health and increase morbidity and mortality. (mdpi.com)
  • Each year, almost four million deaths are directly attributable to diabetes, constituting 6.8% of the total global (all-age and all-cause) mortality [ 12 , 13 ]. (springer.com)
  • 6 7 8 Meta-analyses have found that bariatric surgery reduces long term mortality in obese patients, 9 10 but the safety risks and the costs of this intervention limit the use for large patient populations. (bmj.com)
  • Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality of 75% of patients with diabetes >40 years old. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Chronically, microvascular and macrovascular complications are the major reasons for increasing morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Patients with type 1 DM face a two to four times higher mortality rate than non-diabetic people ( 7 - 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The main risk factor raising the mortality and morbidity of type 1 DM is cardiovascular complications. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Coronary atherosclerosis appears in the majority of the diabetes population, with the mortality of up to 20% diabetic subjects caused by myocardial infarction ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Diabetes, classified into type I and II, is associated with many complications that increase morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Evidence from many multicenter trials has demonstrated that the above pharmaceuticals are able to lower blood glucose and to reduce the risk of developing diabetic complications. (hindawi.com)
  • The hypoglycaemic effect of berberine is also partially mediated by an anti-inflammatory mechanism, which adds new evidence indicating that type 2 diabetes mellitus is a low-grade inflammatory disease [ 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Reishi mushroom is used for Alzheimer disease, cancer, diabetes, cold sores, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There is no evidence that in patients with a normal kidney function metformin use is associated with an increased risk of lactic acidosis (Inzucchi, 2014). (richtlijnendatabase.nl)
  • Evidence is available that high normal or pre hypertensive blood pressure is associated with an adverse risk profile and an increased risk of cardiovascular events. (ispub.com)
  • it is not new but is increasingly evidence-based, especially for chronic problems such as diabetes, asthma and arthritis. (mja.com.au)
  • this type of care must evolve to become part of the way clinicians think, just as "evidence-based" thinking has now become commonplace. (mja.com.au)
  • Patient-centred care is an important and evidence-based concept for improving health outcomes for people with chronic disease in primary-care practice. (mja.com.au)
  • This is a challenge, because real innovation and change require political commitment, which is sometimes slow to be implemented in health services, even though the evidence for patient-centred approaches to chronic disease management is already strong. (mja.com.au)
  • Although the novel SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the released early, particularly later during the pandemic respiratory system, there is much evidence that infection when the number of recommended days of isolation was can involve multiple organ systems with various reduced, a sizable percentage of patients needed to stay manifestations. (who.int)
  • Functions such as alerts, alarms and trend arrows and data presentation encourage independent self-management of diabetes therapy. (degruyter.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes is associated with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, lack of physical activity, and race/ethnicity. (plos.org)
  • As obesity rates rise worldwide, it is expected that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes will increase. (plos.org)
  • Diet, obesity, allergies to certain foods, viral infections, and stress are all factors that can contribute to the onset or aggravate Type 11 diabetes. (planetherbs.com)
  • The GLP-1 agonist Wegovy has re-energized the hunt for obesity treatments. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • Systematic reviews show that patient-centred care results in increased adherence to management protocols, reduced morbidity and improved quality of life for patients. (mja.com.au)
  • Hence, we conducted the current systematic review and meta-analysis in order to quantify the dose-response relationship between dietary calcium intake and MetS risk. (nature.com)
  • HUMALOG Mix75/25 is typically dosed twice daily (with each dose intended to cover 2 meals or a meal and a snack). (nih.gov)
  • [ 49 ] High-potency statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin) at high doses have greater efficacy in reduction of cardiovascular events than low potency statins or high-potency statins at low doses. (medscape.com)
  • High doses of reishi mushroom might increase the risk of bleeding in some people with certain bleeding disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
  • High doses of reishi mushroom might increase the risk of bleeding in some people if used before or during surgery. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cushing's should always be on the differential with cats that need very high doses of insulin. (dvm360.com)
  • These drugs may be used in patients with mildly elevated triglycerides and are not absolutely contraindicated in patients with significantly elevated triglycerides. (medscape.com)
  • The number of new cases of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus has increased significantly in recent years, particularly in younger children (Alderson et al. (nursingtermpapers.com)
  • Depressive symptomatology, self-concept and diabetes self-efficacy significantly improved after the intervention, and reductions in anxious symptoms and hopelessness were also observed. (bvsalud.org)
  • There is a long history of using herbal medications to treat diabetes in China. (hindawi.com)
  • Taking reishi mushroom along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar to drop too low. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Taking reishi mushroom along with medications that lower blood pressure might cause blood pressure to go too low. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Taking reishi mushroom along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Jun 4, 2023 · The GLP-1 medications used in the Calibrate program help your body to fight the natural increases in appetite and hunger hormones that occur as you begin to lose weight. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • All GLP-1 medications need to be used alongside lifestyle changes, i.e. changes to food, sleep, and exercise. (eusaintlaurent.de)
  • The findings of this pilot study suggest that group CBT is a feasible intervention for adolescents with diabetes and depressive symptomatology. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most overrepresented risk factor for melioidosis is diabetes mellitus ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Determining the lipoprotein subclass profile and selecting the appropriate statin in patients with diabetes and an additional cardiovascular risk, such as low HDL cholesterol or hypertriglyceridemia may be beneficial. (medscape.com)
  • Monitor potassium levels in patients at risk of hypokalemia and treat if indicated. (nih.gov)
  • The risk of a crash was calculated taking into account potential confounders including blood glucose monitoring, complications, and treatments. (plos.org)
  • The two other significant risk factors for a crash were a history of severe hypoglycemia requiring outside assistance (odds ratio = 4.07, 95% confidence interval 2.35-7.04) and later age at diabetes diagnosis (odds ratio per decade = 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.57). (plos.org)
  • Reishi mushroom might slow blood clotting and increase the risk of bleeding. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In patients with impaired kidney function, metformin levels increase if the dose of metformin is not reduced, potentially increasing the risk of lactic acidosis. (richtlijnendatabase.nl)
  • Infants of mothers with preexisting diabetes mellitus experience double the risk of serious injury at birth, triple the likelihood of cesarean delivery, and quadruple the incidence of newborn intensive care unit (NICU) admission. (medscape.com)
  • Alternatively, for high-risk women or in areas in which the prevalence of insulin resistance is 5% or higher (eg, the southwestern and southeastern United States), a 1-step approach can be used by proceeding directly to the 100-g, 3-hour OGTT. (medscape.com)
  • This information can be used to target risk for developing diabetes and its chronic complications. (cdc.gov)
  • The first path and mixed ancestry has not been shown to diminish looked for the presence of a diabetes diagnosis with specif- the risk for type 2 diabetes (8,9). (cdc.gov)
  • In general one's risk of contracting diabetes increases with age. (planetherbs.com)
  • The risk of developing diabetes escalates with the degree of excess body weight, increasing threefold with a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9, and 20-fold with an index of 35 and higher compared with a healthy index of 18.5-24.9. (bmj.com)
  • Diabetes is a risk factor that increases the occurrence and severity of cardiovascular events. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Never share a Humalog, Insulin Lispro Injection, Humalog Mix75/25, Insulin Lispro Protamine and Insulin Lispro Injectable Suspension Mix75/25, or Humalog Mix50/50 prefilled pen, cartridge, reusable pen compatible with Lilly 3 mL cartridges, or syringe between patients as it poses a risk for transmission of blood-borne pathogens. (humalog.com)
  • However, the findings of these observational studies are inconclusive, and the dose-response association between calcium intake and risk of MetS remains to be determined. (nature.com)
  • Background: Osteoporosis is a significant co-morbidity of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) leading to increased fracture risk. (bvsalud.org)
  • Diabetes is associated with a higher risk of sleep problems, including not only sleep apnea but also inadequate sleep, excessive sleepiness, leg symptoms, and nocturia, independent of body mass index. (cdc.gov)
  • Variants in blood pressure genes and the risk of Accardi R, Rubino R, Scalise M et col . (2011). (who.int)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Granulosa Cells, Cumulus MH - Coronary Sinus UI - D054326 MN - A07.231.908.194.500 MS - A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. (bvsalud.org)