AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
BlastodermEmbryo, NonmammalianDrosophilaGastrulaBody PatterningBlastodiscDrosophila ProteinsDrosophila melanogasterGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalChick EmbryoGenes, InsectTriboliumCranial Fossa, PosteriorMorphogenesisInsect ProteinsCoturnixQuailHeteropteraZebrafishOrganizers, EmbryonicFushi Tarazu Transcription FactorsHomeodomain ProteinsBlastulaVitelline MembranePosterior Cerebral ArteryInsect HormonesNodal Signaling LigandsCleavage Stage, OvumIn Situ HybridizationEmbryonic InductionPosterior Cruciate LigamentMesodermTranscription FactorsZebrafish ProteinsGerm CellsGerm LayersGenes, HomeoboxAminopterinNervous SystemUveitis, PosteriorHead
EmbryoVentralDrosophilaObserved in the anterior and posteriorEmbryonicEmbryosZygoticEpiblastPolarityLateral lineMesodermPrimitive streakCleavageCellularBlastoporeLarvalGeneAbsentAbdomenGenesSegmentationInvertebrateClosureBoundaryPatternYolkDevelopmentSegmentsSideRegionAriseOuterCellsOrganCellFormStageEvidenceOpenFormsShortAreaAspectSurfaceExternalShownLabel
Embryo17
  • In the absence of bcd, all anterior structures of the embryo including the cephalic and thoracic segments fail to develop, and duplications of posterior structures are observed instead. (wikipedia.org)
  • Embryo images are aligned such that dorsal is up and anterior to the left. (drosophila-images.org)
  • Maternal genes involved in dorsoventral (D/V) patterning of the Drosophila embryo interact to establish a stable nuclear concentration gradient of the Dorsal protein which acts as the morphogen along this axis. (silverchair.com)
  • In the ventral part of the embryo, dorsal specifically activates transcription of the gene twist and ventrally and laterally dorsal represses the expression of zerkn üllt , a gene involved in the formation of dorsal derivatives. (silverchair.com)
  • The Buy Xanax Uk Cheap skin of the blastoderm enclosing marrow comites are as an embryo is known as inloral ontgrcuvr-ha. (kitchentablecult.com)
  • The transcription factors Bicoid (Bcd), Caudal (Cad), Hunchback (Hb), Krüppel (Kr), and Knirps (Kni) act at very early stages of Drosophila development to define the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo. (sdbonline.org)
  • Bcd and Cad are maternal activators broadly distributed in the anterior and posterior portions of the embryo, respectively. (sdbonline.org)
  • During cellularization, gt is expressed in two broad domains, one in the anterior and one in the posterior portion of the embryo. (sdbonline.org)
  • During fertilization, the sperm s point of entry determines the future dorsal side (shaded) and ventral side (unshaded) of the embryo. (asu.edu)
  • The prospective ventral side of the embryo forms on the side where the sperm enters while the prospective dorsal side forms opposite the sperm s point of entry. (asu.edu)
  • At this point in time the chicken embryo is a blastoderm (shown in blue). (asu.edu)
  • The first magnification of the embryo shows that the blastoderm cell layers have thickened to form the primitive streak and Hensen's node. (asu.edu)
  • We find that while maternal tkv product allows largely normal dorsoventral pattering of the embryo, zygotic tkv activity is indispensable for dorsal closure of the embryo after germ band retraction. (biologists.com)
  • However, the term "posterior growth zone" is used ambiguously in the literature, mostly referring to a region of increased proliferation at the posterior end of the embryo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gastrulation in frog embryos is initiated on the future dorsal side of the embryo, just below the equator in the region of the gray crescent (Figure 10.7). (swirlzcupcakes.com)
  • Shimmi, O., Umulis, D., Othmer, H. & O'Connor, M. B. Facilitated transport of a Dpp/Scw heterodimer by Sog/Tsg leads to robust patterning of the Drosophila blastoderm embryo. (nature.com)
  • Fine mapping of the epiblast in the posterior region of the early-streak stage embryo reveals that although the early-gastrula organizer contains cells that give rise to the axial mesoderm, the bulk of the progenitors of the head process and the notochord are localized outside the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
Ventral7
  • Torso and hunchback expression represses otd expression in the anterior most region of the blastoderm while dorsal expression represses expression in the ventral region. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each gene in the dorsal group displays a complete dorsalization as the lack-of-function phenotype: only elements that normally derive from the dorsalmost region of the egg are formed, while ventral and lateral elements are lacking ( Nüsslein-Volhard, 1979 ). (silverchair.com)
  • It also reviews dorsal-ventral specification which begins with maternal messages and proteins stored in the vegetal cytoplasm. (oxfordsciencetrove.com)
  • Tracheal braches formed by cells migrating in dorsal or ventral directions are absent in tkv mutants. (biologists.com)
  • Ifae egg *tny* in its posterior, outer part of short of the ventral. (wildwoodclinic.com)
  • The ventral-most of the dorsal oblique muscles of A1-7. (virtualflybrain.org)
  • Following Bate (1993), larval hypodermal muscles are named for their orientation and numbered based on their order from dorsal to ventral or anterior to posterior. (virtualflybrain.org)
Drosophila4
  • Particularly, otd is required for the development of the dorsal region of the adult Drosophila head, that forms from the fusion of two eye-antennal discs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Embryos fluorescently stained for both RNA (red) and protein (cyan) products of the gap genes Krüppel are shown at early (A), mid (B) and late (C) cleavage cycle 14A during the blastoderm stage of Drosophila development. (drosophila-images.org)
  • Transplantation of posterior polar plasm in Drosophila. (uchicago.edu)
  • In the lymph gland , an hematopoietic organ in Drosophila larva, a group of cells called the Posterior Signaling Centre (PSC), whose specification depends on the EBF transcription factor Collier (Col) and the HOX factor Antennapedia (Antp), has been proposed to form a niche required to maintain the pool of hematopoietic progenitors (prohemocytes). (sdbonline.org)
Observed in the anterior and posterior1
  • Groucho-independent repression of otd by runt, a pair-rule gene, has also been observed in the anterior and posterior regions of the syncytial and cellular blastoderm. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic4
  • During embryonic development of segmented animals, body segments are thought to arise from the so-called "posterior growth zone" and the occurrence of this "zone" has been used to support the homology of segmentation between arthropods, annelids, and vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The upper part of the amnion is cut away, and the dorsal aspect of the embryonic area is seen from above. (co.ma)
  • A portion of the amnion is still attached to the margin of the embryonic area, and the dorsal surface of the embryonic area is exposed. (co.ma)
  • Mutations in genes with less extreme phenotypes may result in impaired cell movement and cell shape changes, hampering or preventing embryonic dorsal closure and head involution ( Rios-Barrera & Riesgo-Escovar, 2013 ). (peerj.com)
Embryos6
  • To determine whether such a localised posterior proliferation zone is an ancestral feature of Panarthropoda (Onychophora + Tardigrada + Arthropoda), we examined cell division patterns in embryos of Onychophora. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using in vivo incorporation of the DNA replication marker BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) and anti-phospho-histone H3 immunolabelling, we found that a localised posterior region of proliferating cells does not occur at any developmental stage in onychophoran embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This contrasts with a localised pattern of cell divisions at the posterior end of annelid embryos, which we used as a positive control. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, she had a breakthrough discovering a second gene that seemed to influence pattern formation in the embryos of flies, a gene later called dorsal. (wepapers.com)
  • Like the original allele, a fraction of mutant embryos die with cuticular defects, notably head involution and dorsal closure defects. (peerj.com)
  • A fraction of these mutant embryos have lethal head involution or dorsal open phenotypes, and have an extended phenocritical period. (peerj.com)
Zygotic1
  • The extent of dorsal action is closely related to the affinity and the number of dorsal response elements present in these zygotic gene promoters. (silverchair.com)
Epiblast2
  • The anterior- posterior axis is shown by labeling the anterior and posterio ends (A) and (P). Different colors indicate prospective fates of different regions of the epiblast after gastrulation. (asu.edu)
  • During avian gastrulation, presumptive mesodermal cells in the dorsal epiblast ingress through a furrow called the primitive streak (PS), and subsequently move away from the PS and form adult tissues. (swirlzcupcakes.com)
Polarity1
  • chem mutants dorsal open defects are similar to those present in yurt mutants, and, likewise, they have epithelial polarity defects. (peerj.com)
Lateral line1
  • Prim-6: primordium of the posterior lateral line (on the dorsal side), hatching gland (on the yolk ball). (ucsd.edu)
Mesoderm1
  • The requirements for tkv in dorsal closure, visceral mesoderm and trachea development assign novel functions to dpp or a closely related member of the TGFβ superfamily. (biologists.com)
Primitive streak2
  • The primitive streak extends from the posterior (P) region to the anterior (A) region. (asu.edu)
  • The second rectangular magnification shows the blastoderm cross-sectioned through the primitive streak. (asu.edu)
Cleavage3
  • This chapter focuses on reptiles and birds which undergo discoidal meroblastic cleavage, wherein the early cell divisions do not cut through the yolk of the egg but form a blastoderm. (oxfordsciencetrove.com)
  • After the completion of cleavage and the subdivision of the blastoderm into an area pellucida and area opaca, a second thin layer of cells appears beneath the original epithelium of the area pellucida. (swirlzcupcakes.com)
  • Instead, they act at the cellular blastoderm stage, and cleavage of the ICD may allow it to directly regulate the transcription of target genes in alternate parasegments. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular3
  • Later, in the cellular blastoderm, which has all nuclei along the periphery separated in individual cells with their own cell membrane, otd expression is limited to a dorsal and anterior band due to repression of bicoid by torso, hunchback, and dorsal. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. The structure of the egg envelopes and the formation of the cellular blastoderm. (uchicago.edu)
  • Initial analysis of Collier/Early B Cell Factor function in the lymph gland revealed the role of the Posterior Signaling Center (PSC) in mounting a dedicated cellular immune response to wasp parasitism. (sdbonline.org)
Blastopore1
  • d Cumulus (c) originates in the deep layer near blastopore and migrates radially to the prospective dorso-posterior side of the germ disc. (biomedcentral.com)
Larval3
  • Any larval posterior dorsal commissure (FBbt:00047122) that is part of some larval prothoracic neuromere (FBbt:00111030). (virtualflybrain.org)
  • The only dorsal oblique muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. (virtualflybrain.org)
  • It is much shorter and narrower than dorsal oblique muscles of larval segments A1-7. (virtualflybrain.org)
Gene2
  • In the anterior cap region of the syncytial blastoderm, which has non-segregated nuclei along the periphery of the blastoderm, bicoid in low concentrations is sufficient to activate otd expression through an enhancer located upstream of the otd gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dynamic shifts of the posterior boundary of the gap gene Krüppel as visualized by asymmetric distribution of RNA and protein expression domains. (drosophila-images.org)
Absent1
  • Our findings suggest that a posterior proliferation zone was absent in the last common ancestor of Onychophora and Arthropoda. (biomedcentral.com)
Abdomen1
  • The epiproct is the last dorsal sclerite at the tip of the abdomen. (ncsu.edu)
Genes1
  • The remaining 1,947 (43%) genes fall into 29 clusters representing restricted expression, 20% patterned as early as blastoderm, with the majority restricted to differentiated cell types, such as epithelia, nervous system, or muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
Segmentation1
  • By comparing our data from Onychophora with those from annelids, arthropods, and chordates, we suggest that the occurrence of a "posterior growth zone" currently cannot be used to support the homology of segmentation between these three animal groups. (biomedcentral.com)
Invertebrate1
  • The Cheap Xanax China mesodermic to the animal pole dorsal side, while still in some invertebrate embra'os. (ontopofmusic.com)
Closure1
  • They isolated only one allele with dorsal closure defects. (peerj.com)
Boundary1
  • The flexor brevis digitorum, not quite independent lateral boundary of Buy Alprazolam From Canada small occipital or dorsal divisions. (kitchentablecult.com)
Pattern4
  • it acts as an enhancer that recapitulates the posterior expression pattern of gt (Berman, 2002). (sdbonline.org)
  • The pattern of expression of the posterior expression domain is determined by the activities of Cad, Hb, and Kr. (sdbonline.org)
  • However, the cis-regulatory sequence controlling this posterior expression pattern has not been precisely identified. (sdbonline.org)
  • The expression pattern of this construct largely recapitulates the early expression pattern of the gt posterior expression domain. (sdbonline.org)
Yolk1
Development1
  • Sacrococcygeal irthwj ttt mrnnt liich is the pharynx which the corresponding posterior part development 0! (oxigeme.com)
Segments1
  • The dorsal aortae, but in the main segments, a time uf adja- fig. Ins of the core of closely approximated, 290. (oxigeme.com)
Side1
  • The part, the left side, is the cells from a very tortuous in vitro d'orgones en. (ontopofmusic.com)
Region2
  • Traditionally, the term "posterior growth zone" has been used to describe a localised and highly proliferative terminal body region, which has been dubbed the "proliferating area" or "zone of proliferation" [ 9 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Towards the majority of the under the prechordal region third ventricle that muscle, to the dorsal mesentery. (oxigeme.com)
Arise1
  • over the the posterior peroneal vessels arise the revolution of the nasal bscb. (wildwoodclinic.com)
Outer1
Cells2
  • b Blastoderm cells proliferate and migrate to one hemisphere to form a germ disc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Leaving aside the issue of the homology of crustacean and clitellate teloblasts, the existence of a posterior pool of proliferating cells has been doubted for all remaining arthropod groups [ 35 - 40 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Organ1
  • It describes Kupffer's vesicle, which is a transient, fluid-filled organ in the most posterior position of the trunk. (oxfordsciencetrove.com)
Cell1
  • and that the cumulus (dorsal organizer) arises from within the early deep layer by cell-cell interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
Form1
Stage1
  • This head penetrates it is ocular symptoms of the in the sjtiarthrodial stage is no real posterior organs. (ontopofmusic.com)
Evidence1
  • Evidence for an intriguing hypothesis explaining the biphasic signal required for specifying the two dorsal tissue types in D. melanogaster . (nature.com)
Open1
  • The anterior and posterior neuropores are still open (Fig. 99). (co.ma)
Forms1
Short1
  • Based on our data, we present a mathematical model, which challenges the paradigm that a localised posterior proliferation zone is necessary for segment patterning in short germ developing arthropods. (biomedcentral.com)
Area1
Aspect1
Surface1
  • Coronary sinus, normally located between the LEFT ATRIUM and LEFT VENTRICLE on the posterior surface of the heart, can serve as an anatomical reference for cardiac procedures. (bvsalud.org)
External1
Shown1
Label1