Dorsal neurons afferent. Medical search. Frequent questions

It enters the spinal cord through the dorsal root ganglia and branches in the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
We observed scattered 5-HT 1D -IR neurons in the nodose ganglia, and there was sparse terminal immunoreactivity in the solitary nucleus. (jneurosci.org)
Single unit recording from the afferent axon has indicated that the origin of the spontaneous activity in the afferent arises from the neuroma and from the dorsal root ganglia of the injured axon. (asra.com)
Expression of the GFRα3 receptor is primarily restricted to the peripheral nervous system and is found in a subpopulation of nociceptive sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) that coexpress the Ret and TrkA receptor tyrosine kinases and the thermosensitive channel TRPV1. (jneurosci.org)
To reveal the neurobiological mechanism that P2X 3 receptor of colonic primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia of the lumbosacral segment is involved in the alleviation of visceral hypersensitivity by EA in an IBS rat model. (hindawi.com)
Especially, P2X 3 receptors play an important role in mediating the occurrence and maintenance of pain in neurons of the intestinal myenteric plexus, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal dorsal horn, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex in a rat model of IBS with visceral hypersensitivity [ 14 ], and acupuncture can achieve visceral pain relief through purinergic receptors at different levels of the brain-gut axis. (hindawi.com)
Neuron.2011:70.482-494), is activated by hypoosmolarity and is expressed in somatosensory neurons from dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia. (ersjournals.com)
Single cell PCR demonstrated that TRPM3 was expressed in airway specific neurons from guinea pig (GP) nodose and jugular ganglia. (ersjournals.com)
While the exact mechanisms for vitamin B complex efficacy in the treatment of low back pain are still largely unknown, the prevailing hypothesis involves increasing afferent inhibitory control of nociceptive neurons at the spinal cord, improving sensory nerve conduction velocity and reducing neuronal hyperexcitability by altering sodium currents in injured dorsal root ganglia. (dsm.com)
Amir R, Devor M (1996) Chemically mediated cross-excitation in rat dorsal root ganglia. (yale.edu)
Amir R, Devor M (2000) Functional cross-excitation between afferent A- and C-neurons in dorsal root ganglia. (yale.edu)
Burchiel KJ (1984) Spontaneous impulse generation in normal and denervated dorsal root ganglia: sensitivity to alpha-adrenergic stimulation and hypoxia. (yale.edu)
Devor M, Wall PD (1990) Cross-excitation in dorsal root ganglia of nerve-injured and intact rats. (yale.edu)
Kirk EJ (1974) Impulses in dorsal spinal nerve rootlets in cats and rabbits arising from dorsal root ganglia isolated from the periphery. (yale.edu)
However, in the mid- to late 1990s, a number of laboratories interested in cold transduction began to use primary cultures of either dorsal root (DRG) or trigeminal (TG) ganglia neurons as in vitro models of sensory afferents. (nih.gov)
Approximately 10-20 percent of ganglia neurons respond to cold temperatures, with thresholds for activation below 30°C [ 2 , 14-16 ]. (nih.gov)
Then the afferent and efferent pathways of the Peripheral Nervous System were mimicked in 2D culturing primary neurons involved in the locomotion circuit (motoneurons and dorsal root ganglia) with Schwann cells in the microdevice. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Therefore, we propose a study model where primary spinal motor- or dorsal root ganglia sensory- neurons are cultured in 3D in different compartments together with optogenetically sensitive myocytes (a channelrhodopsin-2 positive cell line). (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Injury or inflammation affecting sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) causes hyperexcitability of DRG neurons that can lead to spontaneous firing and neuropathic pain. (nih.gov)
For example, we have generated a mouse line which enables deletion of genes specifically in all nociceptive neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia without affecting gene expression in non-nociceptive neurons, the spinal cord, the brain or any other organs in the body (Agarwal et al. (uni-heidelberg.de)
The posterior (dorsal) horns contain sensory fibers that originate in cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia. (msdmanuals.com)
Advillin is used as a marker for primary afferent neurons in dorsal root ganglia. (elsevierpure.com)
Impulses are carried from receptors via sensory afferents to the dorsal root ganglia, where the cell bodies of the first-order neurons are located. (medscape.com)

The motor information is sent through efferent neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Affected individuals may experience problems with how they see the world (afferent visual pathway symptoms) and/or how smoothly and synchronously their eyes move together (efferent visual pathway disorders). (medscape.com)
They often involve afferent and efferent pathways of the Peripheral Nervous System, and their effects might be reflected in the mechanosensory-motor circuit at different cellular levels (including sensory and motor neurons, glia and muscle dysfunctions), and in the connexion among them. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
This could make possible to evaluate the functionality of efferent and afferent pathways separately. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Despite the fact that thalamic efferent inputs on parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons are bifurcated from the same set of axons, their pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms tend to be stronger than those on principal neurons [1-3]. (researchsquare.com)
The axons of the lower motor neurons are the efferent fibers of the spinal nerves. (msdmanuals.com)

Activity in sensory afferents originates after an interval of days to weeks from the lesioned site (neuroma) and from the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the injured nerve. (asra.com)
Ion channels on sensory afferents can activate these reflexes and as such are attractive therapeutic targets. (ersjournals.com)
The tooth has an unusual sensory system that converts external stimuli predominantly into pain, yet its sensory afferents in teeth demonstrate cytochemical properties of non-nociceptive neurons. (mdpi.com)
From the thalamic nucleus, the sensory afferents are projected to the cortical sensory areas, where information is integrated and analyzed. (medscape.com)

Central sensitization is a process whereby nociceptive neurons and circuits exhibit increased function in response to activity, inflammation, or injury through a variety of processes that include changes in receptor field size, increases in neuronal excitability, increases in synaptic efficiency/coupling, and changes in neuronal connectivity ( Latremoliere and Woolf, 2009 ). (nature.com)

Collectively, the ascending sensory fibers are called the dorsal column because ascending fibers gather at the dorsal funiculus in the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
Describe the variety of afferent fibers (axons) used by the subsystems. (powershow.com)
The AP along with the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus makes up the so-called dorsal vagal complex, which is the major termination site of vagal afferent nerve fibers. (nih.gov)
Results of these data supported the concept that a group of C 1 -C 2 spinal neurons might play a role in processing sensory information from the stomach that travels in vagal and spinal visceral afferent fibers. (okstate.edu)
The anterior (ventral) horns of the "H" contain lower motor neurons, which receive impulses from the motor cortex via the descending corticospinal tracts and, at the local level, from internuncial neurons and afferent fibers from muscle spindles. (msdmanuals.com)
Distribution of chemical messengers within axons descending from the brain (blue), primary afferent fibers transmitting from skin and tissues (pink), and intrinsic 'relay' neurons. (nih.gov)
These unmyelinated C-fibers transmit itch impulses to the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord, 3 where they synapse with itch-specific secondary neurons. (asahq.org)
Broadly, the spinal cord contains the second-order neurons for the fibers carrying pain, touch, and temperature sensations. (medscape.com)
The medulla contains the second-order neurons for fibers carrying touch, position, and vibratory sensations. (medscape.com)
The fibers are then either conveyed to the thalamus (where the third-order neurons are located) or conveyed to the cerebellum. (medscape.com)
The dorsal root ganglion houses the cell bodies of the afferent fibers from the periphery. (medscape.com)
Here the fibers split into 2 functional groups: a lateral group (or anterolateral system) and a medial group (or dorsal column-medial lemniscal system). (medscape.com)
The lateral group of fibers enters the spinal cord, then ascend or descend approximately 2 spinal cord segments (in the tract of Lissauer) to terminate on the substantia gelatinosa and the nucleus proprius, where the second-order neurons are housed. (medscape.com)
however, upon reaching it, most fibers ascend to the dorsal column nuclei in the medulla and synapse there. (medscape.com)
The neural elements of somatosensory receptors in the hands and feet represent the distal extreme of long afferent fibers, and thus, are par- ticularly vulnerable in the distal axonopathies. (cdc.gov)
[ 4 , 5 ] The greater occipital nerve (GON) originates in the dorsal ramus of the C 2 as well as the C 3 segments of the spinal cord and comprises sensory fibers alone. (medscape.com)
They receive collateral or direct terminations of dorsal root fibers. (bvsalud.org)

The primary motor cortex controls voluntary movements by means of axons which run down the spinal column and connect to motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction, as we have seen in a preceding chapter. (natural-universe.net)
Motor neurons that transmit a stimulus from the CNS to muscle and secretory effector cells. (mhmedical.com)
One example is the spinal motor neurons which signal for muscles to fire. (mhmedical.com)

In the medulla, at the dorsal column, nuclei of the first-order neuron synapse with the second-order neuron, which then decussates (crosses over to the other side of the central nervous system) into the medial lemniscus. (wikipedia.org)
A subset of Zic2creER neurons are PSDC neurons that project to brainstem dorsal column nuclei, and chemogenetic activation of Zic2 PSDC neurons increases sensitivity to light touch stimuli. (listlabs.com)
Zic2 neurons receive direct input from the cortex and brainstem motor nuclei and are required for corrective motor movements. (listlabs.com)
2 Within the CNS, groups of neurons that share a similar function are called nuclei. (mhmedical.com)
The somatosensory system is a 3-neuron system that relays sensations detected in the periphery and conveys them via pathways through the spinal cord, brainstem, and thalamic relay nuclei to the sensory cortex in the parietal lobe. (medscape.com)

These results indicate that the level of artemin in the skin modulates gene expression and response properties of afferents that project to the skin and that these changes lead to behavioral sensitivity to both hot and cold stimuli. (jneurosci.org)
By using a combination of optogenetics, in vivo electrophysiology, and machine learning analysis, we find that a subset of neurons in the ACC receives S1 inputs, and activation of the S1 axon terminals increases the response to noxious stimuli in ACC neurons. (iasp-pain.org)
At the level of the primary afferent nerve, the site at which thermal stimuli are converted into neuronal activity, temperature-sensitive members of the TRP channel family are found. (nih.gov)
These results support the hypothesis that prostaglandin E 2 sensitizes some normally unresponsive primary afferent neurons to chemical stimuli. (umn.edu)
Tactile stimuli are integrated and processed by neuronal circuits in the deep dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (listlabs.com)
Neurons that carry stimuli to or from internal organs as well as embryologically resurrected structures of the branchial arch. (mhmedical.com)

a few axons penetrate to lamina V. At the ultrastructural level, 5-HT 1D receptors in the spinal cord dorsal horn are localized exclusively within dense core vesicles of synaptic terminals. (jneurosci.org)
and iii) followed over time by the development of a measurable level of spontaneous afferent traffic in both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. (asra.com)
Ectopic discharge ('ectopia') in damaged afferent axons is a major contributor to chronic neuropathic pain. (researchgate.net)
The portal infusion of hypertonic saline elicited neural responses of some DMV neurons whose axons are involved into either the ventral gastric or the accessory celiac vagus. (elsevierpure.com)
Gobel's studies with the electron microscope traced the axons and dendrites of the trigeminal system and the spinal cord, identifying those neurons which projected to the brain, and mapping the network of local 'interneurons' within the spinal cord. (nih.gov)
of gray matter (neuron cells, dendrites and synapses) on the outside (distally) and white matter (axons) beneath, although the difference in colors is less pronounced than those terms may imply. (natural-universe.net)
Furthermore, the CNS can be divided into gray matter which is composed mostly of neuron cell bodies and white matter which is composed mostly of myelin-rich neuron axons. (mhmedical.com)

We compared the distribution of 5-HT 1D receptor-immunoreactive (5-HT 1D -IR) peripheral afferents within the trigeminal ganglion (TRG) and lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the rat. (jneurosci.org)
This ability of light touch evoking this anomalous pain state is de facto evidence that the peripheral nerve injury has led to a reorganization of central processing, i.e. it is not a simple case of a peripheral sensitization of otherwise high threshold afferents. (asra.com)
Thus, in the periphery after an acute mechanical injury of the peripheral afferent axon, there will be an initial dying back (retrograde chromatolysis) that proceeds for some interval at which time the axon begins to sprout sending growth cones forward. (asra.com)
Following peripheral nerve injury there is a very significant upregulation in the expression of a wide variety of proteins in the dorsal root ganglion and thus the axon and terminals of the injured primary afferent. (asra.com)
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been confirmed effectiveness in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and P2X 3 receptors in the peripheral and central neurons participate in the acupuncture-mediated relief of the visceral pain in IBS. (hindawi.com)
Our previous clinical and animal studies have also confirmed the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of IBS [ 11 - 13 ] and initially revealed that the P2X 2 , P2X 3 , and P2Y 1 receptors in the peripheral neurons of the colon and in central neurons participate in the acupuncture-mediated relief of the visceral pain in IBS. (hindawi.com)
However, there is still no electrophysiological evidence supporting the participation of P2X 3 receptors in the primary afferent sensory nerve of the colon in the EA-mediated inhibition of peripheral sensitization. (hindawi.com)
Kajander KC, Wakisaka S, Bennett GJ (1992) Spontaneous discharge originates in the dorsal root ganglion at the onset of a painful peripheral neuropathy in the rat. (yale.edu)
The characteristic changes in both behaviour and in dorsal horn neuron properties that occur following acute peripheral inflammation in the adult were found to be developmentally regulated (Chapter 3). (bl.uk)
The sensations are transmitted via the peripheral nerves to the dorsal root ganglion, which houses the first-order neuron for the somatosensory system. (medscape.com)
Minimally, a recep- tor includes a peripheral axon terminal of one pri- mary afferent neuron, whose cell body is sited proximally in the dorsal root ganglion. (cdc.gov)
13. Fu X, Wang Y, Wang J, Yu J, Wu G. Changes in expression of nociceptin/orphanin FQ and its receptor in spinal dorsal horn during electroacupuncture treatment for peripheral inflammatory pain in rats. (bvsalud.org)

Recent results indicate that after chronic compression of DRG (CCD treatment), both hyperexcitability of neurons in intact DRG and behaviorally expressed hyperalgesia are maintained by concurrent activity in cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) and cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathways. (nih.gov)
Both forms of injury increase the electrophysiological responsiveness of the neurons to activation of cAMP-PKA and cGMP-PKG pathways as indicated by enhancement of hyperexcitability by agonists of these pathways in dissociated or CCD-treated neurons but not in control neurons. (nih.gov)
The aims of this study were to determine (1) the responses of C 1 -C 2 spinal neurons to gastric distension and (2) the relative contribution of vagal and spinal visceral afferent pathways for transmission of gastric input to the upper cervical spinal cord. (okstate.edu)
CeA projections to periacqueductal gray (PAG) gate descending pathways that modulate nociceptive afferent activity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (nature.com)
In 1982, Ruda was able to demonstrate that the endogenous, or internally produced, opioid enkephalin made direct synaptic contact with the spinal cord neurons projecting to the thalamus , implying that these projection pathways were a major site of this peptide's modulation of sensory input about pain. (nih.gov)
Overall, the brain receives input via afferent pathways that ascend from the bladder and provide feedback on how full the bladder is. (medscape.com)

PB neurons in CCI-Pain animals showed a reduction in inhibitory, GABAergic inputs. (iasp-pain.org)
We show that this pathway regulates the activity of pain-related neurons in PB, and that, in chronic pain, this inhibitory pathway is suppressed, and that this suppression is causally related to pain perception. (iasp-pain.org)
We postulated that this phenomenon was primarily due to the increased failure rate of evoking action potentials in parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons. (researchsquare.com)
The activity patterns of inhibitory neurons play a critical role in sculpting cortical network dynamics. (researchsquare.com)
Thalamic excitatory inputs diverge on both excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons, generating disynaptic feedforward inhibition. (researchsquare.com)
however, neurons with inhibitory responses were in laminae III, IV. (okstate.edu)

We have recently reported that chronic pain is associated with amplified activity of PB neurons in a rat model of neuropathic pain. (iasp-pain.org)
Contribution of DNMT1 to neuropathic pain genesis partially through epigenetically repressing in primary afferent neurons. (iasp-pain.org)
Expressional changes of pain-associated genes in primary sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are critical for neuropathic pain genesis. (iasp-pain.org)
Amir R, Michaelis M, Devor M (1999) Membrane potential oscillations in dorsal root ganglion neurons: role in normal electrogenesis and neuropathic pain. (yale.edu)
Liu CN, Michaelis M, Amir R, Devor M (2000) Spinal nerve injury enhances subthreshold membrane potential oscillations in DRG neurons: relation to neuropathic pain. (yale.edu)

However, dorsal horn projection neurons that contribute to the postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) pathway transmitting tactile information to the brain are poorly characterized. (listlabs.com)
Ruda's studies showed that dynorphin synapsed directly onto the thalamic projection neurons, and was also active within the complex network of interneurons. (nih.gov)

We also examined the neurochemical identity of 5-HT 1D -IR neurons with markers of primary afferent nociceptors, peripherin, isolectin B4, and substance P, and markers of myelinated afferents, N52 and SSEA3. (jneurosci.org)
Analysis of sensory neuron physiological properties using an ex vivo preparation showed that cutaneous C-fiber nociceptors of ART-OE mice had reduced heat thresholds and increased firing rates in response to a heat ramp. (jneurosci.org)
A major focus is laid on addressing signalling mechanisms which underlie activity-dependent changes in primary sensory neurons transmitting pain (nociceptors) and their synapses in the spinal dorsal horn. (uni-heidelberg.de)

All of these receptors stimulate an action potential in afferent nerves (sensory neurons) found in various layers of the skin and body. (wikipedia.org)
One possible explanation for this difference is that 5-HT 1D receptors are preferentially expressed by cranial afferents of the trigeminal system. (jneurosci.org)
This numerical discrepancy may have distinct functional implications for how triptans modulate afferent activity and emphasizes the importance of knowing the neurochemical properties of the primary afferents bearing the triptan receptors. (jneurosci.org)
The psychophysics of this state clearly emphasize that the pain is evoked by the activation of low threshold mechano-receptors (Aß afferents). (asra.com)
It has been shown that cholinergic receptors are present in the superficial and deep dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and activation of spinal nicotinic or muscarinic acetylcholine receptors produces analgesia [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sensory neurons that transmit a stimulus to the CNS from receptors outside of the CNS. (mhmedical.com)

Amir R, Devor M (1997) Spike-evoked suppression and burst patterning in dorsal root ganglion neurons of the rat. (yale.edu)
Caffrey JM, Eng DL, Black JA, Waxman SG, Kocsis JD (1992) Three types of sodium channels in adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. (yale.edu)
Delio DA, Reuhl KR, Lowndes HE (1992) Ectopic impulse generation in dorsal root ganglion neurons during methylmercury intoxication: an electrophysiological and morphological study. (yale.edu)
Devor M (1999) Unexplained peculiarities of the dorsal root ganglion. (yale.edu)
Devor M, Jänig W, Michaelis M (1994) Modulation of activity in dorsal root ganglion neurons by sympathetic activation in nerve-injured rats. (yale.edu)
The dorsal root of a spinal nerve is the site for __________ neurons, whereas the ventral root is the site of __________ neurons. (brainscape.com)
We used cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons from neonatal rats to determine whether prostaglandins differentially after the responsiveness of populations of neurons to the chemical stimulus bradykinin. (umn.edu)
Groups of dorsal root ganglion neurons were defined by size of the cell soma and by the presence of immunoreactivity for substance P. An increase in the concentration of free intracellular Ca 2+ was used as an indicator of responsiveness to bradykinin. (umn.edu)
Stucky, CL , Thayer, SA & Seybold, VS 1996, ' Prostaglandin E 2 increases the proportion of neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion neurons that respond to bradykinin ', Neuroscience , vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 1111-1123. (umn.edu)
Konnova EA, Deftu AF, Chu Sin Chung P, Pertin M, Kirschmann G, Decosterd I, Suter MR. Characterisation of GFAP-Expressing Glial Cells in the Dorsal Root Ganglion after Spared Nerve Injury. (unil.ch)
One example is the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) which is the major conduit of afferent information flow for all vertebral levels. (mhmedical.com)
Neurons located in the dorsal root ganglion are pseudounipolar, and their central processes travel to and enter the spinal cord in bundles. (medscape.com)

We show that-in both rats and mice-PB contains few GABAergic neurons, and that most of its GABAergic inputs arise from CeA. (iasp-pain.org)
EA also regulated the electrical properties of the membranes, including the resting membrane potential, rheobase, and action potential of colon-associated DRG neurons in the IBS rats. (hindawi.com)
EA can regulate the P2X 3 receptor protein and mRNA expression levels in the colon and related DRG of IBS rats with visceral pain and then regulate the excitatory properties of DRG neurons. (hindawi.com)
Neural responses in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) to topical administrations of sodium and portal infusions of hypertonic saline were investigated electrophysiologically by using multibarrel electrodes in anesthetized rats. (elsevierpure.com)
Kobashi, M & Adachi, A 1995, ' Chemosensitivity of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus that responded to portal infusion of hypertonic saline in rats ', Brain Research Bulletin , vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 11-15. (elsevierpure.com)
Extracellular potentials of single C 1 -C 2 spinal neurons were recorded in pentobarbital anesthetized male rats. (okstate.edu)
Using 'in vivo' electrophysiological recordings of single dorsal horn cells in urethane anaesthetised rats at different postnatal ages, I have demonstrated that cutaneous afferent evoked activity and receptive field properties of dorsal horn cells undergo considerable postnatal development (Chapter 2). (bl.uk)

Thalamic recruitment of feedforward inhibition is known to enhance the fidelity of the receptive field by limiting the temporal window during which cortical neurons integrate excitatory inputs. (researchsquare.com)
The majority of the neurons that showed excitatory and mixed responses to bradykinin were also influenced by stretches applied directly after the bradykinin injection. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Some of these were 'excitatory' interneurons, which appeared to act as synaptic relay stations, between the nerves sending information from the skin and internal organs, and the neurons carrying information to the brain. (nih.gov)

There are three types of neurons in the pathway: first-, second-, and third-order neurons. (wikipedia.org)

Chronic pain enhances this cortico-cortical connection, as manifested by an increased number of ACC neurons that respond to S1 inputs and the magnified contribution of these neurons to the nociceptive response in the ACC. (iasp-pain.org)
Our data suggest that OD shifts observed in the binocular visual cortex of adult mice may at least partially reflect plasticity of eye-specific inputs onto dLGN neurons. (nature.com)
The present work was designed to check for the possibility of interactions between mechanical innocuous and chemically induced noxious muscle afferent inputs on discharge behavior of nociceptive superficial dorsal horn neurons (SDHNs) of the spinal cord in decerebrated cats. (uaeu.ac.ae)
In conclusion, the DMV neurons receiving the afferent inputs from hepatoportal osmoreceptors may have an enteroceptor function detecting the change in osmotic pressure of their environment. (elsevierpure.com)

Think about clusters of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS. (brainscape.com)
Note that second-order neuron cell bodies are located in different anatomical areas depending on the sensation they carry. (medscape.com)
Neurons in the SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN whose cell bodies and processes are confined entirely to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. (bvsalud.org)

These tracts synapse on a second-order neuron in the nucleus gracilis and cuneatus, which are located in the medulla. (medscape.com)

The analysis was focused on the functional organization of convergence between cutaneous and muscle afferents onto single olivary neurons. (lu.se)

Electrophysiological studies have reported that neurons in the AP increase their firing in response to emetic drugs. (nih.gov)

[ 6 ] GON block decreases afferent input to the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, resulting in central pain modulation and reducing neuronal hyperexcitability at the level of second-order neurons. (medscape.com)

These striking phenotypes result from the control by DLK of a transcriptional program in somatosensory neurons regulating the expression of numerous genes implicated in pain pathogenesis, including the immune gene Csf1 . (elifesciences.org)

Using chronic two-photon Ca 2+ imaging of thalamic afferents in layer 1 of binocular visual cortex, we provide evidence against this tenet: the respective dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) cells showed pronounced ocular dominance (OD) shifts after monocular deprivation in adult mice. (nature.com)
In the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) drives feedforward inhibition in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) via local parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons [12]. (researchsquare.com)

Honmou O, Utzschneider DA, Rizzo MA, Bowe CM, Waxman SG, Kocsis JD (1994) Delayed depolarization and slow sodium currents in cutaneous afferents. (yale.edu)
These results suggest that Zic2 neurons integrate sensory input from cutaneous afferents with descending signals from the brain to promote corrective movements and transmit processed touch information back to the brain. (listlabs.com)

Thus, there is significant diversity in the types of neurons that respond to cold, as well as an expansive range of cold activation thresholds. (nih.gov)

Expression of artemin caused a 20.5% increase in DRG neuron number and increased the level of mRNA encoding GFRα3, TrkA, TRPV1, and the putative noxious cold-detecting channel TRPA1. (jneurosci.org)
Only neurons up to approximately 1mm depth and those that responded to noxious pinch of the gastrocnemius muscles were selected for further analysis. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) of the enteric nervous system initiate intrinsic reflexes, form gut-brain connections, and undergo considerable neuroplasticity to cause digestive diseases. (elsevierpure.com)

The second-order neuron then carries the information to the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus and then the somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe. (wikipedia.org)
Of 102 neurons that showed antidromic response to electrical stimulation of the ventral gastric vagus or the accessory celiac vagus, 51 neurons increased and 13 neurons decreased their discharge rates in response to the electrophoretic administration of sodium. (elsevierpure.com)
The gray matter also contains many internuncial neurons that carry motor, sensory, or reflex impulses from dorsal to ventral nerve roots, from one side of the cord to the other, or from one level of the cord to another. (msdmanuals.com)

Amir R, Michaelis M, Devor M (2002) Burst discharge in primary sensory neurons: triggered by subthreshold oscillations, maintained by depolarizing afterpotentials. (yale.edu)

The sensory conduction pathway that allows for cognitive recognition of vibration occurs through afferent neurons, also known as sensory neurons. (wikipedia.org)
From here, the signal travels through the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway. (wikipedia.org)
The pathway is composed of the dorsal column within the spinal cord and the medial lemniscus in the brain stem. (wikipedia.org)
We describe a novel pathway, consisting of inhibition by dynorphin, somatostatin and corticotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala that project to the parabrachial nucleus (PB). (iasp-pain.org)
Some individuals with MS and other CNS inflammatory syndromes also may experience homonymous visual field defects caused by lesions in retrochiasmal or retrogeniculate (posterior) regions of the afferent visual pathway. (medscape.com)
But 2D cultures offer many limitations compared to 3D, and the assessment of the afferent pathway separately often means a complication. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Optogenetics technique can be used in skeletal muscle to induce contraction, mimicking a natural innervation to some length and facilitating the study of the afferent pathway separately. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

The mechanisms underlying this spontaneous pain and the miscoding of low threshold afferent input are not completely understood. (asra.com)
Under normal conditions, primary afferents show little if any spontaneous activity. (asra.com)
This ongoing input is believed to provide the source of the afferent activity that leads to spontaneous on going sensation. (asra.com)
Animals with pain after chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-Pain) displayed higher spontaneous and evoked activity in PB neurons, and a dramatic increase in after-discharges-responses that far outlast the stimulus-compared to controls. (iasp-pain.org)
We report here that when tested under identical conditions, dissociation produces a pattern of hyperexcitability in small DRG neurons similar to that produced by CCD treatment, manifest as decreased action potential (AP) current threshold, increased AP duration, increased repetitive firing to depolarizing pulses, increased spontaneous firing and resting depolarization. (nih.gov)

The activity of 16 dorsal horn neurons was recorded extracellularly with high-impedance glass microelectrodes, out of which seven responded to stretch, while 12 neurons responded to bradykinin injections. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Plasticity of primary sensory neurons and of the synapses tey make with dorsal horn neurons is an important component of the cellular basis for the development and maintenance of chronic, pathogenic pain. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Several current projects are directed at elucidating novel mediators of synaptic plasticity at synapses between primary afferents and spinal neurons. (uni-heidelberg.de)

Cutaneous receptive fields on the dorsal side of the paw and on the digits were generally. (lu.se)
Cutaneous receptive fields on the dorsal side of the paw and on the digits were generally associated with moderate to strong input from dorsal flexors, but little or no input from palmar flexors or proximal muscles. (lu.se)
Climbing fibres with cutaneous receptive fields extending on the ulnar side of the paw and forearm usually received strong input from the triceps and moderate to strong input from dorsal flexors, whereas input from the palmar flexors was weak or lacking. (lu.se)
However if the skin was physically wounded in the neonatal period, the receptive field size of sensory dorsal horn cells remained substantially altered three and six weeks later (Chapter 4). (bl.uk)

These secondary neurons immediately cross over to the opposite anterolateral spinothalamic tract 3 to the thalamus and then to the somatosensory cortex of the postcentral gyrus 6 ( fig. 1 ). (asahq.org)

Climbing fibre responses were recorded from single cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells on natural stimulation of the skin and on electrical stimulation of nerves to m. biceps brachii, m. triceps brachii and to nine muscles acting as dorsal or palmar flexors of the paw (and, in some cases, the digits). (lu.se)
The other 38 neurons did not respond to this stimulation. (elsevierpure.com)
Functional and topographical properties of field potentials evoked in rat dorsal horn by cutaneous C‐fibre stimulation. (lu.se)
Twenty-eight of thirty-two (87.5%) neurons responded to mechanical stimulation of somatic fields on head, neck, ears or shoulder. (okstate.edu)

Some evidence shows that the upper cervical spinal cord might play an important role in propriospinal processing as a sensory filter and modulator for visceral afferents. (okstate.edu)

These include the upregulation of immune gene Csf1 (colony stimulating factor 1) in primary sensory neurons. (elifesciences.org)
However, more recent studies have shown that pain and pruritus are sensations transmitted through different populations of primary sensory neurons. (asahq.org)

Other neurons continue ipsilaterally, same side, to the medulla oblongata. (wikipedia.org)
The AP is located on the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata at the caudal end of the fourth ventricle. (nih.gov)

Functional experiments using selective pharmacological tools indicated that the TRPM3 agonist CIM0216 evoked [Ca 2+ ] i flux in isolated airway neurons, and also depolarisation of mouse, GP and human vagus nerves in an in vitro preparation. (ersjournals.com)

and ii) an exaggerated response of dorsal horn neurons to normally innocuous afferent input. (asra.com)

Key Results: Advillin is expressed in about 25% of myenteric neurons of the mouse jejunum, and these neurons demonstrate the requisite properties of IPANs. (elsevierpure.com)

Anatomy78

Organisms14

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs45

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes26

Disciplines and Occupations2

Health Care1

Ganglia23

Efferent6

Sensory afferents4

Nociceptive neurons1

Fibers17

Motor neurons3

Nuclei5

Stimuli6

Axons7

Peripheral12

Pathways6

Inhibitory6

Neuropathic pain5

Projection neurons2

Nociceptors3

Receptors6

Root12

Rats7

Excitatory3

Third-order neurons1

Inputs4

Cell bodies3

Synapse1

Muscle afferents1

Electrophysiological1

Second-order neurons1

Somatosensory neurons1

Thalamic2

Cutaneous afferents2

Types of neurons1

Noxious2

Enteric nervou1

Ventral3

Discharge1

Pathway7

Spontaneous5

Responded to bradykinin1

Synapses2

Receptive4

Thalamus1

Stimulation4

Visceral1

Primary2

Medulla oblongata2

Vitro1

Innocuous1

Myenteric1