Dopamine amphetamine. Medical search. Frequent questions

These agents affect dopamine receptors but also affect serotonin receptors involved with frontal lobe functions. (medscape.com)
Risperidone is a mixed dopamine-serotonin antagonist that may produce less sedation than other antipsychotics. (medscape.com)
This agent depletes neurotransmitter stores of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline within nerve cells in the brain, thereby altering the transmission of electric signals from the brain that control movement by reversibly inhibiting vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). (medscape.com)
During the adolescent period, monoamine neurotransmitter systems (particularly dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) undergo continued development, and evidence from experimental animal models suggests that repeated use of amphetamines during this time can impact behavioral processes that rely on monoamine systems throughout the lifespan. (springer.com)
Further, evidence suggests that adolescent amphetamine exposure alters monoamine signaling and increases sensitivity to drugs that act on dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin later in life. (springer.com)
Methamphetamine is known to have the potential to damage brain dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) neurons. (jneurosci.org)
This is thought to be largely due to the increase in dopamine and perhaps serotonin activity in the mesolimbic pathway of the brain caused by amphetamine-like drugs, although other factors such as chronic sleep deprivation may also play a part. (bionity.com)
The hyperthermia produced by amphetamines is similar to that of the serotonin syndrome. (medscape.com)
dopamine and serotonin also impacted). (vin.com)
The symptomatic effects of drug abuse are a result of alterations in the functioning of the following neurotransmitters or their receptors: acetylcholine, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, opioids and serotonin. (aafp.org)
What's the Difference Between Dopamine and Serotonin? (healthline.com)
Dopamine and serotonin are neurotransmitters. (healthline.com)
While dopamine and serotonin affect many of the same things, they do so in slightly different ways. (healthline.com)
Here, we give a rundown of the differences between dopamine and serotonin when it comes to depression, digestion, sleep, and more. (healthline.com)
Both dopamine and serotonin are involved in depression, though experts are still trying to figure out the details. (healthline.com)
Dopamine and serotonin both also play roles in psychological conditions other than depression. (healthline.com)
It's not just your brain - you also have dopamine and serotonin in your gut, where they play a role in digestion . (healthline.com)
It is known to improve focus by manipulating levels of dopamine and serotonin in the brain. (promises.com)
differs from other amphetamines in that it also interferes with the reuptake of serotonin (another neurotransmitter) in the brain. (msdmanuals.com)

Our results suggest that an exposure to amphetamine results in a rapid sensitization of the stereotypy response which does not involve changes in the extracellular dopamine response but requires activation of dopamine receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
In addition, the role played by different stressors in the reinstatement of preference for palatable food and food-seeking behavior is also considered in the light of endocannabinoid production, activation of orexin receptors and disinhibition of dopamine neurons. (frontiersin.org)
Pieri L, Pieri M, Haefely W. "LSD as an agonist dopamine receptors in the striatum" Nature . (erowid.org)
These drugs stimulate the brain much more than natural rewards, leading the brain to adapt by reducing the number of dopamine receptors and clearing it more quickly from the synapses. (medicaldaily.com)
The team used positron emission tomography (PET) to track a labeled molecule capable of binding with dopamine receptors in the brain. (medicaldaily.com)
Excess dopamine from taking drugs or drinking alcohol ultimately causes the brain to decrease its own production of dopamine and dopamine receptors. (dana.org)
What does activation of Dopamine D1 receptors do? (brainscape.com)

A large body of evidence supports the hypothesis that mesolimbic dopamine (DA) mediates, in animal models, the reinforcing effects of central nervous system stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine. (nih.gov)
The role DA plays in mediating amphetamine-type subjective effects of stimulants in humans remains to be established. (nih.gov)
If increases in NE mediate amphetamine-type subjective effects of stimulants in humans, then one would predict that stimulant medications that produce amphetamine-type subjective effects in humans should share the ability to increase NE. (nih.gov)
Importantly, the oral dose of these stimulants, which produce amphetamine-type subjective effects in humans, correlated with the their potency in releasing NE, not DA, and did not decrease plasma prolactin, an effect mediated by DA release. (nih.gov)
These results suggest that NE may contribute to the amphetamine-type subjective effects of stimulants in humans. (nih.gov)
The combination of dopamine antagonists with stimulants is used sometimes, yet it makes little enough sense pharmacologically that other options should be explored thoroughly. (medscape.com)
A number of studies implicate prefrontal cortex function following repeated use of amphetamines (and other psychomotor stimulants) during the adolescent period. (springer.com)
The quantitative and qualitative features of the behavioral response to amphetamine-like stimulants in rats can be dissociated from the dopamine response. (aspetjournals.org)
Amphetamines are a class of central nervous system stimulants with a similar chemical structure, including amphetamine , methamphetamine, dextroamphetamine, ephedrine, and others. (psychologytoday.com)
Many amphetamines are Schedule II stimulants, which means they have a high potential for abuse and are legally available only through a prescription. (psychologytoday.com)
Stimulants boost the level of a chemical called dopamine in your brain to help you focus. (webmd.com)
Stimulants come in two classes: Amphetamines and methylphenidates. (webmd.com)
It is a psychotrophic drug with chemical properties, placing it in the amphetamine family of stimulants. (cdc.gov)

Both amphetamine and cocaine increase norepinephrine (NE) via stimulation of release and inhibition of reuptake, respectively. (nih.gov)
Ersche KD, Roiser JP, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ (2008) Chronic cocaine but not chronic amphetamine use is associated with perseverative responding in humans. (springer.com)
But methamphetamine, like cocaine, results in an accumulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which appears to produce the stimulation and feelings of euphoria experienced by the user. (psychologytoday.com)
Other chemicals or drugs which similarly increase dopamine function (such as cocaine and L-DOPA ) can produce similar psychotic states. (bionity.com)
however, while effects of cocaine last for 10-20 minutes, duration of amphetamine action is much longer-as long as 10-12 hours. (medscape.com)
Emergency clinics and selected veterinary diagnostic laboratories have quick screening tests that can detect the most commonly abused drugs (including metabolites) in body fluids (e.g., amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, marijuana, and opiates). (vin.com)
Previous studies have shown drugs like cocaine and heroin compromise dopamine release in the brain. (medicaldaily.com)
Due to indirect modulation of dopamine transmission, adenosine receptor antagonists may be useful in either treating cocaine use or improving disrupted cognitive-behavioral functions associated with chronic cocaine use. (omicsonline.org)
To compare and contrast the stimulant effects of adenosine antagonism to direct dopamine stimulation, we administered 150 mg and 300 mg caffeine, 20 mg amphetamine, and placebo to cocaine-dependent vs. healthy control subjects, matched on moderate caffeine use. (omicsonline.org)
Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines work by flooding the brain with dopamine. (dana.org)
The most commonly used drugs were cocaine (19.0%) and crack-cocaine (15.0%), followed by amphetamines (11.0%), alcohol, caffeine, barbiturates and benzodiazepines (10.0% each). (who.int)

Behavioral phenotyping and dopamine dynamics in mice with conditional deletion of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 in neurons: resistance to the acute locomotor effects of amphetamine. (nih.gov)
By measuring locomotion and investigating dopaminergic neurons, complex dopamine circuitry is uncovered. (noldus.com)
Some researchers believe this difference is because neurons in the brains and nervous systems of people with unmedicated ADHD have higher concentrations of proteins called dopamine transporters. (healthline.com)
Specifically, we analyzed the maximum capacity of the nigrostriatal neurons to release dopamine (DA) in the striatum following KCl-induced depolarization of the plasma membrane and after administration of amphetamine. (lu.se)
We were also the first to identify and map the dopaminergic projections to the habenula and the spinal cord, and reveal the special dendritic projections from the nigra compacta neurons that allow dopamine to be released from dendrites in the pars reticulata. (lu.se)
4. Björklund, A., Lindvall, O.: Dopamine in dendrites of substantia nigra neurons: suggestions for a role in dendritic terminals. (lu.se)

It is also the parent compound of its own structural class, the substituted amphetamines, which includes prominent substances such as bupropion, cathinone, MDMA, and methamphetamine. (wikipedia.org)
Of the amphetamines, methamphetamine likely has the largest potential for abuse. (psychologytoday.com)
Methamphetamine was developed early in the 20th century from its parent drug, amphetamine, and was used originally in nasal decongestants and bronchial inhalers. (psychologytoday.com)
Methamphetamine is structurally similar to the neurotransmitter dopamine . (psychologytoday.com)
The present study sought to determine whether doses of methamphetamine in the range of those used recreationally by humans produce brain dopamine (DA) neurotoxicity in baboons and to ascertain whether positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the DA transporter (DAT) ligand [ 11 C]WIN-35,428 ([ 11 C]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropane) could be used to detect methamphetamine-induced DAT loss in living primates. (jneurosci.org)
Amphetamine psychosis is a form of psychosis which can result from amphetamine or methamphetamine use. (bionity.com)
Method The rotational responses of male SPF rats with unilateral damage to their nigro-striatal system (induced by the injection of 10 mcg 5,6 dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-HT) or 3.5 mcg 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH - dopamine) into the right medial forebrain bundle) to 1-5 mg/kg of (+)-methamphetamine, 0.05-3 mg/kg apomorphine or 100,200 or 1,500 mcg LSD/kg i.p. were determined. (erowid.org)
The response of brain dopaminergic and serotonergic systems to the amphetamine-like designer drugs, 3,4-methylenedioxyamp amphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), was investigated and compared to methamphetamine (METH). (erowid.org)
For example, methamphetamine lacks much of the peripheral stimulant properties of amphetamine while still offering euphoric and hallucinogenic properties. (medscape.com)
Amphetamines include the drug amphetamine and its many variants such as methamphetamine (speed or crystal meth) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy, or Adam). (msdmanuals.com)
Methamphetamine is the most commonly used amphetamine in the United States. (msdmanuals.com)

Amphetamine increases monoamine and excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, with its most pronounced effects targeting the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitter systems. (wikipedia.org)
Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine increase the availability of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
norepinephrine and dopamine also are released. (vin.com)
The drug is prescribed as an ADHD medication and works by increasing the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain to aid with concentration. (cornerstonesocal.com)
The three catecholamines are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine, and dopamine. (medlineplus.gov)

Amphetamine and epinephrine. (medscape.com)
the catecholamine family includes dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. (medscape.com)
Tyrosine hydroxylase converts tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), which is converted to dopamine under the effect of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase, then dopamine β-hydroxylase converts dopamine to norepinephrine and phenylethanolamine N -methyltransferase converts norepinephrine to epinephrine. (medscape.com)
The main catecholamines are dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine (which used to be called adrenalin). (medlineplus.gov)

In contrast to METH, which induced pronounced deficits in dopaminergic neuronal markers, repeated doses of MDA or MDMA did not alter striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activities or reduce striatal dopamine concentrations. (erowid.org)
Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (Ki cer ) and anterior cingulate glutamate were measured using 18F-DOPA positron emission tomography and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy respectively, before and after at least 5 weeks' naturalistic antipsychotic treatment in people with first episode psychosis ( n = 18) and matched healthy controls ( n = 20). (nature.com)
Although we did not find any effect of antipsychotic treatment on absolute measures of dopamine synthesis capacity and anterior cingulate glutamate, the relationship between anterior cingluate glutamate and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity did change, suggesting that antipsychotic treatment affects the relationship between glutamate and dopamine. (nature.com)
Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (Ki cer ) can be measured in-vivo using positron emission tomography, and cortical glutamate can be measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Effects on separate components of the dopamine and glutamate systems have been examined in few in-vivo studies [ 16 ] but not together in the same population. (nature.com)

The ability of R(+)-8-OH-DPAT (50 μg/kg s.c.) to inhibit d-amphetamine sulfate (1.0 mg/kg s.c.)-induced increase in extracellular dopamine levels was abolished by WAY 100,635 (n-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-n-(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide trihydrochloride), a selective 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist (100 μg/kg s.c.), administered 5 min prior to R(+)-8-OH-DPAT in both regions. (elsevierpure.com)
This dissociation is particularly evident in the temporal profiles of the extracellular dopamine and stereotypy responses to higher doses of amphetamine. (aspetjournals.org)
To further explore the dynamics of stimulant sensitivity during the acute response, we examined the behavioral and extracellular dopamine responses to a low, nonstereotypy-producing dose of amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) at various times after an acute, priming injection of 4.0 mg/kg when stereotypies had subsided and extracellular dopamine was approaching predrug baseline levels. (aspetjournals.org)
Microdialysis experiments show dopamine antagonists cause an acute increase in extracellular dopamine, which reverts to baseline levels upon chronic treatment [ 13 ]. (nature.com)

Amphetamine (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. (wikipedia.org)
Amphetamine is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy (a sleep disorder), and obesity, and is sometimes prescribed off-label for its past medical indications, particularly for depression and chronic pain. (wikipedia.org)
Although clinical uses of amphetamines exist for adolescents, most notably for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, the repeated recreational or illicit use of amphetamines during this time period has implications for long-term brain and behavioral development. (springer.com)
Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, non-catechloamine sypathomimetic agents, are used in combination to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or narcolepsy. (pharmacycode.com)

Conclusions: This pattern of results conforms to the prediction of the model under the hypothesis that D-amphetamine primarily affects dopamine transmission in cognitive rather than motor networks. (princeton.edu)
The link between amphetamine and psychosis is one of the major sources of evidence for the dopamine hypothesis of psychosis. (bionity.com)

The inhibitory effect of methiothepin was not due to its effects as a transporter inhibitor or Ca(2+)-channel blocker and is unlikely to be due to its antagonist properties on 5-HT1/2, dopamine or any other extracellular receptor. (erowid.org)
Membrane permeable C-terminal dopamine transporter peptides attenuate amphetamine-evoked dopamine release. (ku.dk)
15 These facts point to the possibility that increases in synaptic norepinephrine are due to norepinephrine transporter reversal, akin to dopamine transporter reversal associated with amphetamine. (psychiatrist.com)
The concentration of these proteins is known as dopamine transporter density (DTD). (healthline.com)
A 2015 study looked at research showing that the dopamine transporter gene, DAT1 , may influence ADHD-like traits. (healthline.com)

Thus, the lateral hypothalamus-ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens neural circuitry is reexamined in order to interrogate the functional interplay between ghrelin, dopamine, orexin, and endocannabinoid signaling. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, drug challenge studies have demonstrated targeting one system may have reciprocal effects, for example, acute ketamine increasing cortical, striatal and nucleus accumbens dopamine in-vivo [ 15 ]. (nature.com)
Repeated drug use causes long-term changes in the dopamine system and related circuits, affecting two primary brain regions: the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex. (dana.org)

There is neither specific evidence which clearly establishes the mechanism whereby amphetamines produce mental and behavioral effects in children, nor conclusive evidence regarding how those effects relate to the condition of the central nervous system. (nih.gov)

Amphetamine and similar street drugs increase dopamine concentration and their use has been associated with bruxism. (medscape.com)
These medications increase dopamine levels in the brain by targeting dopamine transporters and increasing dopamine levels. (healthline.com)

Larger doses of amphetamine may impair cognitive function and induce rapid muscle breakdown. (wikipedia.org)
On low doses of amphetamine, the difference between the groups began to narrow, with slackers working harder and workers slacking off. (time.com)

Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. (wikipedia.org)
At therapeutic doses, amphetamine causes emotional and cognitive effects such as euphoria, change in desire for sex, increased wakefulness, and improved cognitive control. (wikipedia.org)
Because many college students and executives attempt cognitive enhancement by using similar drugs non-medically, and the U.S. military actually prescribes amphetamines to pilots on some critical missions to combat the effects of sleep-deprivation. (time.com)
The team then explored the relationship between dopamine release in the striatum and performance on cognitive learning and working memory tasks. (medicaldaily.com)

The role of dopamine signaling in epileptogenesis. (scielo.br)

Possible activation of dopamine in corpus striatum by (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was investigated. (erowid.org)

The mechanism underlying 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and/or dopamine release induced by (+)-amphetamine ((+)-Amph), 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), p-chloroamphetamine (pCA) and (+)-fenfluramine ((+)-Fen) was investigated in rat brain superfused synaptosomes preloaded with the 3H neurotransmitters. (erowid.org)
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is similar to an amphetamine but has both stimulant and hallucinogenic effects. (msdmanuals.com)

The limited usefulness of amphetamines (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ) should be weighed against possible risks inherent in use of the drug, such as those described below. (nih.gov)

Adderall consists of equivalent amounts of amphetamine aspartate, amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine saccharate, and dextroamphetamine sulfate. (pharmacycode.com)
Adderall is a prescription medication that contains two stimulant drugs: amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Adderall increases the availability of dopamine in the brain, helping alleviate ADHD symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Adderall is a central nervous system stimulant that is made up of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. (cornerstonesocal.com)

Some researchers theorize that the differences may have to do with the sweet spot of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, which is affected by these drugs. (time.com)
An important neurotransmitter, dopamine is heavily involved in the brain's reward and pleasure centers. (medicaldaily.com)

For example, while short-term use of dopamine precursors such as L-dopa inhibits bruxism, long-term use of the L-dopa increases bruxism. (medscape.com)

Boomhower SR, Newland MC (2019) d-Amphetamine and methylmercury exposure during adolescence alters sensitivity to monoamine uptake inhibitors in adult mice. (springer.com)

The neuromodulator dopamine and excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate have both been implicated in the pathogenesis of psychosis, and dopamine antagonists remain the predominant treatment for psychotic disorders. (nature.com)

6-OH-dopamine also lowered noradrenaline contents without affecting 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine) levels. (erowid.org)
The focus of my postdoctoral work was to sort out the anatomical organization of the dopamine and noradrenaline neuron systems in the brain using the new glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method. (lu.se)

Andersen SL, Thompson AT, Rutstein M, Hostetter JC, Teicher MH (2000) Dopamine receptor pruning in prefrontal cortex during the periadolescent period in rats. (springer.com)

This allowed them to measure the dopamine release in a brain region called the striatum. (medicaldaily.com)
Compared to the controls, cannabis users had significantly lower dopamine release in both the striatum and another brain region called the globus pallidus. (medicaldaily.com)

Amphetamine Sulfate is a sympathomimetic amino of the amphetamine group. (nih.gov)
Each tablet, for oral administration contains 5 mg or 10 mg of amphetamine sulfate. (nih.gov)

Then, the researchers introduced amphetamine, alcohol and caffeine into the equation. (time.com)
follow up tests did not show systematic differences between groups with regard to caffeine or d-amphetamine. (omicsonline.org)

Next, endocannabinoid signaling that regulates synaptic plasticity is discussed as a key mechanism acting both at hypothalamic and mesolimbic circuits, and affecting both dopamine function and interplay between leptin and ghrelin signaling. (frontiersin.org)

One possible mechanism contributing to this temporal dissociation is that during the acute response to amphetamine, dopamine receptor mechanisms are enhanced such that stereotyped behaviors can be supported by synaptic concentrations of dopamine which are not sufficient to initiate these behaviors. (aspetjournals.org)
however, after repeated drug administrations dopamine concentrations were comparable to control values. (erowid.org)
The fresh leaves and twigs of the khat shrub contain high have shown that khat has a particular propensity to concentrations of cathinone, an amphetamine analogue induce or aggravate psychiatric symptoms in countries that produces euphoric effects ( 3 , 4 ). (who.int)

rather, plasma fractionated catecholamines and 24-hour urine fractionated catecholamine should be ordered since rarely will pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas only secrete dopamine. (medscape.com)

Amphetamines are stimulant drugs that are used to treat certain medical conditions but are also subject to abuse. (msdmanuals.com)

In the present work, we describe the effects of dopamine depletion after the administration of 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra pars compacta of male rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. (scielo.br)

These results indicate that the 5-HT 1A receptor may exert an inhibitory effect on amphetamine-induced dopamine release. (elsevierpure.com)
Our data show that dopamine may play an important role on seizure severity in the pilo's model acute period, which seems to be due to dopamine inhibitory action on motor expression of seizure. (scielo.br)

Long-term amphetamine exposure at sufficiently high doses in some animal species is known to produce abnormal dopamine system development or nerve damage, but, in humans with ADHD, long-term use of pharmaceutical amphetamines at therapeutic doses appears to improve brain development and nerve growth. (wikipedia.org)
Reviews of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that long-term treatment with amphetamine decreases abnormalities in brain structure and function found in subjects with ADHD, and improves function in several parts of the brain, such as the right caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
The brain damage caused by amphetamine use is still noticeable years later, say experts. (bbc.co.uk)
Amphetamines work by releasing large quantities of the brain stimulating chemical dopamine. (bbc.co.uk)
Animal studies have shown brain abnormalities persisting four years after amphetamine use stops. (bbc.co.uk)
Research shows that these symptoms are partly the result of decreased dopamine activity in the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Dopamine is a brain chemical that plays an important role in movement, motivation, and attention. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Experts evaluate something's potential to cause addiction by looking at the speed, intensity, and reliability of the dopamine release it causes in the brain. (healthline.com)
It doesn't take long for a person's brain to associate certain behaviors or substances with a rush of dopamine. (healthline.com)
Researchers have produced conflicting studies regarding the effects of marijuana, but a new study from Columbia University Medical Center may have just added more evidence to the critics' side: they detail marijuana's detrimental effect on dopamine in the brain. (medicaldaily.com)
When your brain has extremely high levels of dopamine, it can create intense feelings of euphoria called a "high. (dana.org)
Over time, a person's brain will need drugs and alcohol just to maintain normal levels of dopamine. (dana.org)
Amphetamine, one of Adderall's key components, works by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. (cornerstonesocal.com)
A higher DTD results in a lowering of dopamine levels in the brain, which may be a risk factor for ADHD. (healthline.com)
A 2013 study found that the amount of gray matter in the brain might contribute to ADHD more than levels of dopamine. (healthline.com)
Amphetamines cause more dopamine to be released in the brain. (msdmanuals.com)

One review highlighted a nine-month randomized controlled trial of amphetamine treatment for ADHD in children that found an average increase of 4.5 IQ points, continued increases in attention, and continued decreases in disruptive behaviors and hyperactivity. (wikipedia.org)
As a result, the amount of dopamine that is released by the drug decreases, in a process called tolerance. (dana.org)

Yet alcohol also increases dopamine release, making it rewarding and addictive. (dana.org)

Amphetamines increase alertness, enhance physical performance, and produce euphoria and a sense of well-being. (msdmanuals.com)

The phenylethylamine structure of amphetamines (see the image below) is similar to catecholaminergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic agonists (biogenic amines), which may explain their actions. (medscape.com)
We don't know whether decreased dopamine was a preexisting condition or the result of heavy cannabis use," noted Abi-Dargham, "But the bottom line is that long-term, heavy cannabis use may impair the dopaminergic system, which could have a variety of effects on learning and behavior. (medicaldaily.com)
10. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A., Skagerberg, G.: Selective histochemical demonstration of dopamine terminal systems in rat di- and telencephalon: new evidence for dopaminergic innervation of hypothalamic neurosecretory nuclei. (lu.se)

Amphetamines are a group of structurally related compounds that produce central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) stimulation. (medscape.com)

3. [3H]-5HT and/or [3H]-dopamine release induced by all these compounds was partially (31-80%), but significantly Ca(2+)-dependent. (erowid.org)
The low-dose challenge produced intense stereotypies although the regional dopamine responses were not significantly different from control animals. (aspetjournals.org)
Such a mechanism may be significantly implicated during binge patterns of stimulant abuse and may also play a role in the sensitization associated with repeated amphetamine administration. (aspetjournals.org)
The rotational responses to LS13 were significantly decreased by 1 mg haloperidol/kg injected i.p. 10 min after the 200 mcg/kg dose of LSD, both in 6-OH-dopamine and 5,6-HT pretreated rats. (erowid.org)
Intrastriatal infusion of both KCl and amphetamine rapidly increased the extracellular levels of DA in the dialysates in both R6/1 and wild-type mice, but the increase was significantly greater in the wild-type animals. (lu.se)

Dopamine agonists suppress tics with few adverse effects and modest but proven efficacy. (medscape.com)
Boomhower SR, Newland MC (2017) Effects of adolescent exposure to methylmercury and d-amphetamine on reversal learning and an extradimensional shift in male mice. (springer.com)
Background: A neural network computer model described in a companion paper predicted the effects of increased dopamine transmission on selective attention under two different hypotheses. (princeton.edu)
Methods: To evaluate these predictions we conducted an empirical study in human subjects of D- amphetamine effects on performance of the Eriksen response competition task. (princeton.edu)
Infants who ingest amphetamines through breast milk may experience side effects. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Clinical effects of amphetamine abuse are significant and commonly observed in emergency departments (EDs). (medscape.com)
this may be important for understanding effects of amphetamine use on the fetus during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Data were obtained on measures of cardiovascular effects, subjective drug effects (ARCI, VAS, DEQ), and a probabilistic reward-learning task sensitive to dopamine modulation. (omicsonline.org)
However, drugs and alcohol overload the circuit with dopamine, minimize the pleasurable effects of healthy behaviors, and replace them with an unhealthy desire to seek reward from drugs. (dana.org)
Studies confirm that Ritalin can help some children stay on task, but the drug is extremely controversial because of its side effects and its relationship with other amphetamines like speed. (promises.com)

Amphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemic free base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers in their pure amine forms. (wikipedia.org)
Amphetamine, as the racemic form, differs from dextroamphetamine in a number of ways. (nih.gov)

Amphetamine users can become dependant on the drug, and withdrawal symptoms can cause depression and lethargy. (bbc.co.uk)
As amphetamine use increased after World War II, largely due to the widespread use of amphetamine compounds in nasal decongestant and dieting preparations, it became clear that chronic amphetamine use often led to psychotic symptoms. (bionity.com)
Experts think these symptoms are linked to a dysfunction within your dopamine system. (healthline.com)
Dopamine system dysfunction is linked to certain symptoms of depression, such as low motivation. (healthline.com)
Amphetamines use causes both immediate and long-term symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)

5. These results indicate that the release induced by these compounds is both 'carrier-mediated' and Ca(2+)-dependent (possibly exocytotic-like), with the specific carrier allowing the amphetamines to enter the synaptosome. (erowid.org)
Amphetamines are a class of compounds that are abused in many regions of the world, including the United States, Australasia, and Europe. (medscape.com)
Synthetic amphetamine compounds commonly are produced in clandestine laboratories and vary in purity and potency. (medscape.com)
Amphetamine compounds cause a general efflux of biogenic amines from neuronal synaptic terminals (indirect sympathomimetics). (medscape.com)

Since the hippocampus is one of main structures in the development of this experimental model of epilepsy, the dopamine levels in this region were also determined after drug administration. (scielo.br)
Smoking might be messing with your dopamine levels. (medicaldaily.com)
The study had its limitations, most notably the small sample size and baseline knowledge of participants' dopamine levels before they began using marijuana. (medicaldaily.com)
Scientists have observed that levels of dopamine are different in people with ADHD than in those without ADHD. (healthline.com)
Additionally, some researchers argue that other factors contribute more to ADHD than dopamine levels and DTD. (healthline.com)
Nonetheless, the research showing an association between ADHD and lower levels of dopamine, as well as higher levels of DTD, suggests that dopamine could be a possible treatment for ADHD. (healthline.com)
If your dopamine levels are too high, this can make it difficult to focus. (healthline.com)
High doses of amphetamines may raise body temperature to dangerous levels. (msdmanuals.com)

Reviews of clinical stimulant research have established the safety and effectiveness of long-term continuous amphetamine use for the treatment of ADHD. (wikipedia.org)
ADHD and Dopamine: What's the Connection? (healthline.com)
No one knows exactly what causes a person to have ADHD, but some researchers have looked at a neurotransmitter called dopamine as a possible contributor to ADHD. (healthline.com)
Since this early study, research has continued to show an association between dopamine transporters and ADHD. (healthline.com)
Many medications for treating ADHD work by increasing dopamine and stimulating focus. (healthline.com)

Control rats showed no such rotational responses to amphetamine or apomorphine. (erowid.org)
No rotational responses were induced by up to 20 mg (+)-2-bromo - lysergic acid diethylamide bitartrate (BOL-148)- in the 5,6-HT - or the 6-OH-dopamine-treated rats. (erowid.org)
Amphetamine will do the trick, but it will also cause your high achievers to slack off - at least if your employees are rats. (time.com)
The current rat study found that both slacker and worker rats responded more impulsively on amphetamine. (time.com)

thus, the clinical presentation depends on the type of amphetamine used. (medscape.com)
Pre-clinical models show interactions between the dopamine and glutamate systems which could contribute to the actions of antipsychotics [ 12 ]. (nature.com)

Thus, the role of midbrain dopamine is positioned at the intersection between selected hormonal signals involved in food reward information processing (namely, leptin, ghrelin, and insulin), and lipid-derived neural mediators such as endocannabinoids. (frontiersin.org)
Other studies suggest that an imbalance in dopamine-mediated neural transmission may exist in some types of bruxism. (medscape.com)

Research has found correlations between personality traits (risk taking and reward sensitivity) and responses to amphetamine use. (medscape.com)
Dopamine allows us to regulate emotional responses and take action to achieve specific rewards. (healthline.com)

Ritalin is the familiar brand name for the drug methylphenidate-a powerful amphetamine. (promises.com)

This surge of dopamine also taps into your brain's reward system, urging you to use drugs again. (dana.org)

Hallucinations are frequently reported in chronic amphetamine users, with over 80% of users reporting the presence of hallucinatory experiences 2 , typically as visual or auditory experiences. (bionity.com)

Anatomy20

Organisms7

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs124

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Psychiatry and Psychology25

Phenomena and Processes13

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Health Care2

Serotonin19

Receptors7

Stimulants13

Cocaine11

Neurons6

Methamphetamine11

Norepinephrine and dopamine5

Epinephrine4

Striatal dopamine4

Extracellular dopamine4

Attention deficit4

Hypothesis2

Transporter5

Nucleus Accumbens3

Behavioral1

Increase dopamine2

Doses of amphetamine2

Cognitive4

Role of dopamine1

Activation of dopamine1

MDMA2

Pharmacology1

Adderall4

Neurotransmitter dopamine2

Inhibits1

Uptake inhibitors1

Antagonists1

Noradrenaline2

Prefrontal cortex1

Striatum2

Sulfate2

Caffeine2

Mesolimbic1

Concentrations3

Catecholamines1

Stimulant drugs1

Substantia nigra1

Inhibitory2

Brain16

Decreases2

Increases1

Euphoria1

Dopaminergic3

Stimulation1

Significantly5

Effects10

Racemic2

Symptoms5

Compounds4

Levels8

ADHD5

Rats4

Clinical2

Neural2

Responses2

Ritalin1

Brain's reward1

Chronic1