Donor antibodies neutralizing. Medical search. Frequent questions

The identification of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) able to neutralize a broad spectrum of primary HIV-1 isolates is highly important for understanding the immune response of HIV-1 infection and developing vaccines and therapeutics. (oncotarget.com)
Although highly homologous amino acid sequences are shared between the RBD regions of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1, the plasma of convalescent SARS patients or SARS-CoV-1 RBD monoclonal antibodies could not neutralize SARS-CoV-2, indicating the limited cross-neutralization protection between these two viruses 5 , 7 . (nature.com)
The efficacy of CCP is comparable, or even superior, to that seen in registration trials for monoclonal antibodies and small-chemical antivirals when infused within the first five days of symptoms. (ipetitions.com)
While antiviral therapies have been available in affluent countries, low- and middle-income countries often lack the financial resources to order expensive monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs to treat COVID-19. (ipetitions.com)
It is important also to note that only a few monoclonal antibodies retain their effectiveness against newly mutated strains, such as the currently circulating variant of concern, BA.2. (ipetitions.com)
That is where monoclonal antibodies step in by targeting and neutralizing the virus after it invades the body. (moleculardevices.com)
On the newest podcast with Drug Target Review ( Episode 6 - mAbs and SARS-CoV-2 with Dr. Carter Mitchell & Dr. Sharath Madasu, Kemp Proteins ), Carter Mitchell, Chief Scientific Officer and Sharath Madasu, Manager of Protein Characterization of Kemp Proteins , discussed the role of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against COVID-19 and how the pandemic has shaped their discovery and development. (moleculardevices.com)
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) act on viruses through viral neutralization. (moleculardevices.com)
Currently, most of the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are raised against the RBD. (moleculardevices.com)
How effective are monoclonal antibodies against COVID-19 variants? (moleculardevices.com)
The level of certainty in the required dosage is one of the main advantages of monoclonal antibodies in COVID-19 treatment. (moleculardevices.com)
With monoclonal antibodies, we know exactly how much of a neutralizing antibody we are administering to the patient, which is a huge advantage. (moleculardevices.com)
The use of monoclonal antibodies as an effective COVID-19 treatment method reduces these risks significantly. (moleculardevices.com)
Antibodies found in convalescent plasma also serve as a source for another potential treatment for COVID-19: monoclonal antibodies. (military.com)
Recent work suggests that monoclonal antibodies may have therapeutic utility. (pasteur.fr)
Here, The Scientist spoke with a few experts who are working on new ways to speed the discovery and isolation of monoclonal antibodies. (the-scientist.com)
Human anti-anthrax protective antigen neutralizing monoclonal antibodies derived from donors vaccinated with anthrax vaccine adsorbed. (qmul.ac.uk)
BACKGROUND: Potent anthrax toxin neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA) immune donors. (qmul.ac.uk)
Therefore, it is imperative to discover monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize a broad range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. (bvsalud.org)

Recently developed cell-free tools can measure antibody titers but cannot necessarily evaluate neutralization, and none of the currently available tools have estimated neutralization activity against the emerging set of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs 8 . (nature.com)
A strong positive correlation between RBD-IgG and neutralizing antibody titers is also identified. (nature.com)
Perreault and colleagues examined antibody titers in sequential samples from serum donors recovering from COVID-19 and demonstrated that antibody titers fall over 3-4 months. (nih.gov)
Eliciting protective titers of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development, but current vaccine strategies have yet to induce bnAbs in humans. (duke.edu)
Manufacturing CCP is nowadays easier than ever thanks to the availability of vaccinated convalescents among regular donors: in them, vaccination boosts neutralizing antibody titers and expands their cross-reactivity against multiple variants of concern. (ipetitions.com)
C and D ) H5-specific neutralizing titers were measured in the same plasma samples by a pseudotyped neutralization assay against an H5 pseudovirus (A/VN/1194/04). (jci.org)
E and F ) Correlation between the increase of vaccine binding titers ( E ) and H5-neutralizing titers ( F ) following vaccination in 2007 ( x axis) and 2008 ( y axis) in the 9 donors that received the seasonal influenza vaccine for the 2 consecutive years. (jci.org)
Samples from each person were diluted in five discrete titers (concentrations) ranging from 1:80 to 1:2880, and each was tested for detectable presence of the antibodies. (darkdaily.com)
Alternatively, the identification of correlates of high nAb titers would eliminate the need for slow, time-consuming screening procedures and streamline plasma donor selection, but the clinical predictors for high SARS-CoV-2 nAb titer are yet unknown. (fredhutch.org)
Additionally, a longer period between SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody screening correlated with decreased nAb titers. (fredhutch.org)
Together, these results suggest that severe COVID-19 disease generates higher levels of nAbs than less severe disease, and that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers in the blood may wane over time. (fredhutch.org)
The neutralizing antibody titers elicited by noNAG-RBD-E2p are comparable to a benchmark stabilized spike antigen and reach levels against omicron BA.5 that suggest it would provide protection against emerging variants. (bvsalud.org)
Vaccination resulted in generation of neutralizing antibody titers in most recipients, but neutralization titers waned over time, necessitating frequent booster doses. (cdc.gov)

81% specificity).DiscussionVaccination of previously infected CP donors induced high levels of broadly neutralizing antibodies against circulating antigenic variants of SARS-CoV-2. (ox.ac.uk)
In this study, we isolated a novel human mAb termed Y498 from a phage display antibody library constructed with the PBMC samples of a CRF07_BC-infected Chinese donor whose sera exhibited broadly neutralizing activity. (oncotarget.com)
however, ~20% of HIV-1-infected individuals do develop antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1 isolates. (oncotarget.com)
It is believed that the isolation and characterization of such broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from different HIV-1-infected donors are critical for understanding human B cell-mediated immune response to HIV-1 infection and for designing immunogens that can elicit bnAbs by vaccination. (oncotarget.com)
Correction: Neutralization-guided design of HIV-1 envelope trimers with high affinity for the unmutated common ancestor of CH235 lineage CD4bs broadly neutralizing antibodies. (duke.edu)
Functional Relevance of Improbable Antibody Mutations for HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Development. (duke.edu)
HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) require high levels of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-catalyzed somatic mutations for optimal neutralization potency. (duke.edu)
A strategy for HIV-1 vaccine development is to define envelope (Env) evolution of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in infection and to recreate those events by vaccination. (duke.edu)
However, the first VAR2CSA subunit vaccines failed to induce broadly neutralizing antibody and it is known that naturally acquired antibodies target both variant-specific and conserved epitopes. (elifesciences.org)
The emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) that are resistant to therapeutic antibodies highlights the need for continuing discovery of broadly reactive antibodies. (nih.gov)
We are particularly interested in the co-evolution of HIV-1 and broadly-neutralizing IgG antibodies (bNAbs), which may hold the key to the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. (stanford.edu)
In addition, we are investigating antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and related zoonotic coronaviruses (CoV), with the related goal of developing broadly-protective immunotherapies and vaccines against variants of concern and emerging CoV threats. (stanford.edu)
One line involves understanding the B cell pathways that produce broadly neutralizing antibodies and seeking to replicate their development. (nih.gov)
We've observed select broadly neutralizing antibodies to develop similarly in multiple donors (e.g. (nih.gov)
A third line involves the structure-based engineering of the trimeric spike ectodomain into immunogens with the ability to stimulate the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies. (nih.gov)
Co-evolution of a broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody and founder virus. (duke.edu)
HIV-1 envelope gp41 broadly neutralizing antibodies: hurdles for vaccine development. (duke.edu)
Identification of autoantigens recognized by the 2F5 and 4E10 broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies. (duke.edu)
New research on broadly neutralizing antibodies and therapeutic vaccines is opening fresh horizons. (who.int)

Knowledge of individual immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is useful not only to determine personal actions but also to guide early therapy of patients and evaluate the efficacy of antibody treatment and vaccines over time against emerging viral variants of concern (VOCs) 3 . (nature.com)
Serological antibody tests (ideally home-based diagnostics) are critical to evaluate the response to vaccination and viral infection 2 . (nature.com)
Antibody neutralizing capabilities are traditionally measured in cell-based live viral infection assays that require BSL3 facilities 6 . (nature.com)
For example, neutralizing antibodies can prevent conformational changes of viral proteins that mediate the membrane fusion needed for entry into the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
In some cases, non-neutralizing antibodies, or an insufficient amount of neutralizing antibodies binding to viral particles, can be utilized by some species of virus to facilitate uptake into their host cells. (wikipedia.org)
The antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in humans are induced by some viral proteins, including spike glycoprotein (S protein) and nucleocapsid protein, among which S protein can induce neutralizing antibodies that are indispensable for viral neutralization and elimination, through blocking viral binding with host cells 1 . (nature.com)
Neutralizing antibodies elicited by HIV-1 coevolve with viral envelope proteins (Env) in distinctive patterns, in some cases acquiring substantial breadth. (duke.edu)
Currently, there are three basic types of tests to determine if an individual has been infected with SARS-CoV-2: viral nucleic acid (RNA) detection, viral antigen detection, and detection of antibodies to the virus. (medscape.com)
Viral tests (nucleic acid or antigen detection tests) are used to assess acute infection, whereas antibody tests provide evidence of prior infection with SARS-CoV-2. (medscape.com)
The target of neutralizing antibodies that protect against influenza virus infection is the viral protein HA. (jci.org)
Antibodies, blood proteins that the immune system produces to attack pathogens, are viral fingerprints that remain long after infections are cleared. (pulitzercenter.org)
Plasma is a component of blood that carries proteins called antibodies that are usually involved in defending our bodies against viral infections. (ca.gov)
Now, the Barnes laboratory investigates viral-host interactions and translates knowledge of the structural correlates of antibody-mediated neutralization of viruses into the rational development of highly protective antibodies. (stanford.edu)
Nevertheless, early detection of medical specimens for SARS-CoV2 stays a problem on account of false-negative outcomes with viral RNA and host antibodies primarily based testing. (humgen.org)
Plaque-reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) can be performed to measure virus-specific neutralizing antibodies to confirm primary flavivirus infections and differentiate from other viral illnesses. (cdc.gov)
The laboratory diagnosis is usually performed by testing the plasma or serum to detect the virus, viral nucleic acid or virus specific immunoglobulin M and neutralizing antibodies. (bvsalud.org)

The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor on target cells and is the immunodominant target of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) identified from convalescent and postvaccination plasma 3 . (nature.com)
Determination of the structure of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein (Kwong 1998 Nature 393, 648-659), provided a physical map of the primary target of neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 and showed how gp120 conformational diversity can prevent antibody-mediated neutralization (Kwong 2002 Nature 420, 678-682) and how N-linked carbohydrates can form an "evolving glycan shield" (Wei 2003 Nature 422, 307-312). (nih.gov)

BackgroundThe therapeutic benefit of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy to treat COVID-19 may derive from neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to SARS-CoV-2. (ox.ac.uk)
We describe here the isolation of human neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against tetrameric Gn/Gc glycoprotein spikes from PUUV-experienced donors. (pasteur.fr)
Passive immunotherapy treatment - where SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) from the plasma of convalescing patients are administered to acutely sick patients - is a promising strategy for COVID-19 treatment in severe cases. (fredhutch.org)
Scientists at the University of Washington and the Fred Hutch are studying the nAbs from patients recovering from COVID-19 to investigate which clinical factors predict good passive immunotherapy donors. (fredhutch.org)
4. Virus neutralization determined by measuring plasma neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in the samples after production of CP (t1). (who.int)

We aimed to develop a sensor technology that can quantitatively measure nAb responses against different isolates of SARS-CoV-2, be adapted for an all-in-solution multiwell format and provide rapid results in 1 hour, which is faster than established ELISA assays measuring SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer (~6 hours) or cell-based neutralization assays (~one to several days). (nature.com)
To investigate the duration of humoral immune response in convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, we conduct a 12-month longitudinal study through collecting a total of 1,782 plasma samples from 869 convalescent plasma donors in Wuhan, China and test specific antibody responses. (nature.com)
The vaccine was safe and well tolerated, induced potent serum IgG & IgA responses waning post last vaccination, and low and intermittent mucosal IgG, but did not induce neutralizing activity neither in serum nor vaginal samples. (europa.eu)
Furthermore, CCP is finding major use in immunosuppressed patients who often cannot make adequate antibody responses following vaccination or after infection (5-7). (ipetitions.com)
We need to do them at regular intervals to detect ongoing incidence, to determine if antibody responses are waning, and to assess herd immunity. (pulitzercenter.org)
These mutations result in differential glycosylation, allowing the virus to evade previously-formed immunologic responses or monoclonal antibody neutralization. (moleculardevices.com)
The study concludes, "Although this cannot provide conclusive evidence that these antibody responses protect from reinfection, we believe it is very likely that they will decrease the odds ratio of reinfection and may attenuate disease in the case of breakthrough infection. (darkdaily.com)
Antibodies derived from animals, however, are problematic for use as therapeutics, because the molecules can trigger immune responses in humans. (the-scientist.com)
More recently, Wilson and others have devised ways to isolate single, antigen-specific B cells from the blood of human donors with active immune responses against a particular pathogen or vaccine. (the-scientist.com)
Although all of these approaches have been valuable for identifying new antibodies and characterizing human immune responses, they are time-consuming and complicated. (the-scientist.com)
Severe infections remain more prevalent in the unimmunized or no prior infection with multiple risk factors and people with poor antibody responses to vaccines or infections. (hopkinsguides.com)
Allo-Specific Humoral Responses: New Methods for Screening Donor-Specific Antibody and Characterization of HLA-Specific Memory B Cells. (duke.edu)
Virus-specific antibody responses correlated with protection from encephalitis in all mouse strains, suggesting that Tfh-B cell interactions modulate clinical outcome in this model. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, Y498 is a novel neutralizing human mAb targeting a conformation-dependent CD4bs-based epitope, and its isolation and characterization could provide helpful information for elucidating human immune response to HIV-1 infection and designing effective vaccines and immunotherapeutics. (oncotarget.com)

We designed a protein biosensor that uses thermodynamic coupling for sensitive and rapid detection of neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in serum. (nature.com)
The biosensor is a switchable, caged luciferase-receptor-binding domain (RBD) construct that detects serum-antibody interference with the binding of virus RBD to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) as a proxy for neutralization. (nature.com)
As demonstrated in Table 3, there was no significant correlation between days of symptom onset to collection of serum and antibody index/ratio to suggest waning of antibodies during the time period tested. (researchgate.net)
Induction of binding Abs was measured by ELISA and neutralizing activity by PBMC and TZM-bl assays in all serum and vaginal samples. (europa.eu)
The donor's serum sample was positive for West Nile Virus IgM, IgG, and neutralizing antibodies by serologic testing but negative for West Nile Virus RNA by nucleic acid amplification testing. (cdc.gov)
7 , 8 ] Such studies analyze samples of serum to detect antibodies in those infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. (medrxiv.org)
IVIg is prepared from serum pooled from many donors by fractionation and purification. (medscape.com)
Module B contained human serum samples for the detection of anti-DENV antibodies. (who.int)

After a first encounter of the antigen by vaccination or natural infection, immunological memory allows for a more rapid production of neutralizing antibodies following the next exposure to the virus. (wikipedia.org)
Here we report that, following vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine containing H1 and H3 influenza virus subtypes, some individuals produce antibodies that cross-react with H5 HA. (jci.org)
These findings reveal that seasonal influenza vaccination can induce polyclonal heterosubtypic neutralizing antibodies that cross-react with the swine-origin pandemic H1N1 influenza virus and with the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus. (jci.org)
Vaccine-binding and H5 pseudotype-neutralizing antibodies in plasma samples collected before and after seasonal influenza vaccination. (jci.org)
H3N2 influenza infection elicits more cross-reactive and less clonally expanded anti-hemagglutinin antibodies than influenza vaccination. (duke.edu)

We performed a serological study of blood donors in Scotland in the spring of 2020 to detect neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 as a marker of past infection and epidemic progression. (ox.ac.uk)
With the availability of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, the rise of more transmissible and pathogenic virus mutants 1 and known time-dependent declines in immunity following infection 2 , there is a need to determine the degree of serological antibody protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). (nature.com)
During an infection only antibodies that bind to the pathogenic antigen with high affinity are produced. (wikipedia.org)
While IgM antibody levels have been found to peak and fall rapidly during infection, IgG levels are thought to be detectable for close to 15 months after SARS-CoV-2 infections and can provide a more accurate assessment of COVID-19 incidence. (news-medical.net)
Among the 3759 samples tested, natural SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected in 5.48% (206) of the blood donors. (news-medical.net)
Background It is to be determined whether people infected with SARS-CoV-2 will develop long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and retain long-lasting protective antibodies after the infection is resolved. (researchgate.net)
After SARS-CoV-2 infection, people are unlikely to produce long-lasting protective antibodies against this virus. (researchgate.net)
This information is in contrast to a study in Wuhan, China that found 10% of patients lost SARS-CoV-2 antibodies within weeks of infection (12) , although different serology tests were used in this case. (researchgate.net)
In contrast, first-generation vaccines based on VAR2CSA fragments have only induced variant-specific antibodies, therefore offering limited protection against infection. (elifesciences.org)
The US Food and Drug Administration [FDA] has not authorized the use of antibody tests for the diagnosis of acute infection. (medscape.com)
Routine testing for p24 antigen in settings other than blood and plasma centers as a method for diagnosing HIV infection is discouraged because the estimated average time from detection of p24 antigen to detection of HIV antibody is 6 days, and not all recently infected persons have detectable levels of p24 antigen. (cdc.gov)
However, while heterosubtypic antibodies capable of neutralizing multiple influenza virus subtypes have been recently isolated from phage display libraries, it is not known whether such antibodies are produced in the course of an immune response to influenza virus infection or vaccine. (jci.org)
And for vaccines, we need to have serologic tools that can discriminate between vaccine-induced antibodies and natural infection. (pulitzercenter.org)
Antibody testing wouldn't pick people up in the earliest stages of infection who had asymptomatic infections, but the data are becoming very solid that within 4 to 5 days of earliest disease onset, antibodies are detectable. (pulitzercenter.org)
Therapeutic Candidate or Device The therapeutic candidate is COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) Indication The target indication is treatment of severe COVID-19 infection Therapeutic Mechanism Neutralizing antibodies are part of the humoral response of the adaptive immune system against viruses, and can be detected in plasma of convalescent individuals. (ca.gov)
We basically are scrambling to find more and more donors that need to be at least two weeks out from their infection, preferably four weeks out," Gerber said. (wpri.com)
Your plasma likely has antibodies (or proteins) present that might help fight the coronavirus infection. (military.com)
Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, he has made significant contributions to our understanding of antibody-spike interactions through in-depth structural analysis that detail the specificities and mechanisms of how monoclonal neutralizing antibodies bind spike to prevent infection. (stanford.edu)
Medical laboratories at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic will be intrigued to learn that antibodies produced by the body to combat the coronavirus infection may actually provide long-term immunity, contrary to previous studies that found otherwise. (darkdaily.com)
Since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, understanding the longevity of antibody-mediated immunity generated by natural infection has been a top priority. (fredhutch.org)
ImmunoRank is intended for use as an aid to identify individuals who produce an adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2, indicating recent or prior infection, and specifically for the detection of circulating SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in human plasma of all immune globulin classes. (leinco.com)

In addition, antibody detection may provide a complementary perspective, along with RT-qPCR testing, in the diagnosis of COVID-19 (24,25). (researchgate.net)
The detection restrict of this digital methodology for N protein was 33.28 pg/mL, which was 300 instances decrease than conventional double-antibody sandwich primarily based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (humgen.org)
Nasdaq: ADMA), an end-to-end commercial biopharmaceutical company dedicated to manufacturing, marketing and developing specialty plasma-derived biologics, today announced the launch of COVID-19 ImmunoRank Neutralization MICRO-ELISA, a proprietary, fully-validated ELISA assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in plasma. (leinco.com)

Between the start of the program and early October, the health system screened 72,401 people, of whom 30,082 tested positive for at least the lowest levels of antibodies. (darkdaily.com)
The total plasma levels of antibodies against spike region S1 are measured using an ELISA assay. (who.int)

Neutralizing antibodies are part of the humoral response of the adaptive immune system against viruses, intracellular bacteria and microbial toxin. (wikipedia.org)
Here, the immune system uses other functions of antibodies, like opsonisation and complement activation, to kill the bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Non-neutralizing antibodies can be important to flag the particle for immune cells, signaling that it has been targeted, after which the particle is processed and consequently destroyed by recruited immune cells. (wikipedia.org)
Neutralizing antibodies on the other hand can neutralize the biological effects of the antigen without a need for immune cells. (wikipedia.org)
A strong diversity in the antibody repertoire allows the immune system to recognize a plethora of pathogens which can come in all different forms and sizes. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis of a German blood donor cohort reveals a high number of undetected SARS-CoV-2 infections and sex-specific differences in humoral immune response. (news-medical.net)
Immune checkpoint modulation enhances HIV-1 antibody induction. (duke.edu)
Having been exposed to the parasite in prior pregnancies generates antibodies that target VAR2CSA, stopping the infected blood cells from latching onto placental CSA or tagging them for immune destruction. (elifesciences.org)
Through mRNA administration, vaccines prompt your cells to produce a harmless version of the spike protein, thereby stimulating your immune system to produce antibodies to fight off the potential threat. (moleculardevices.com)
It would be extremely laborious to use this strategy to try to identify an antibody against an antigen of interest using the blood of a person without an active immune response, he says, because millions of memory B cells are present in the blood, each of which is uniquely specific for a different antigen. (the-scientist.com)
T-cells play a crucial role in the immune response to pathogens by mediating antibody formation and clearance of infected cells, and by defining an overall response strategy. (elifesciences.org)
Computational design to stabilize the RBD, eliminate glycosylation, and focus the immune response to neutralizing epitopes results in an RBD immunogen that resolves issues hindering the efficient nanoparticle display of the native RBD. (bvsalud.org)
Immunomodulatory for both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms, it inhibits complement activity by binding the first component of complement, neutralizing C3a and C5a, thought specific to antibody. (nursingcenter.com)
Peripheral nerve damage of either the myelin or axon is mediated by an immune cascade involving cytokines, monocytes, and complement-fixing antibodies. (nursingcenter.com)
The characteristics of this response would include production of neutralizing antibodies, generation of a T-cell response, and avoidance of immune-enhanced disease4. (who.int)

Convalescent plasma donors show enhanced cross-reactive neutralizing antibody response to antigenic variants of SARS-CoV-2 following immunization. (ox.ac.uk)
In two independent antibody purification/depletion experiments with permutated order of VAR2CSA variants, IgG purified on the first VAR2CSA antigen displayed broad cross-reactivity to both recombinant and native VAR2CSA variants, and inhibited binding of all isolates to CSA. (elifesciences.org)
Individuals exposed to the parasite naturally generate antibodies that block a wide array of variants from attaching to CSA. (elifesciences.org)
set out to find VAR2CSA structures that could be recognized by antibodies targeting an array of variants. (elifesciences.org)
Their plasma was passed over five different large VAR2CSA variants in order to isolate and purify antibodies that attached to these structures. (elifesciences.org)
We identified four receptor binding domain-targeting antibodies from three early-outbreak convalescent donors with potent neutralizing activity against 23 variants, including the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.429, B.1.526, and B.1.617 VOCs. (nih.gov)
For instance, although most Emergency Use Authorized antibodies work on the Alpha and the Delta Variants, they exhibit a lower efficacy in the Omicron Variant. (moleculardevices.com)
Fortunately, newer antibodies, such as Sotrovimab, managed to retain their neutralizing activity in the recent variants, so there is still a glimmer of hope. (moleculardevices.com)
Some antibodies are very effective against Alpha and Beta Variants but not against the Gamma or Delta variants. (moleculardevices.com)
In contrast, the antibodies effective against Delta and Alpha are much less effective against the Beta, Gamma and Omicron variants. (moleculardevices.com)
One might ask: How could we be so certain that these antibodies will be effective against future variants? (moleculardevices.com)
Five mAbs selected from those B cells showed considerable neutralizing potency against multiple variants, with COVA309-35 being the most potent against the autologous virus, as well as Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, and COVA309-22 having binding and neutralization activity against Omicron BA.4/5, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1. (bvsalud.org)

Anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were measured using a fully automated serological ELISA. (news-medical.net)
Additionally, an anti-SARS-CoV-2 semi-quantitative ELISA was used to test the avidity of the antibodies. (news-medical.net)
Beginning in late March, the health system used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen thousands of individuals for presence of antibodies to the spike protein in the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (darkdaily.com)
Leinco Technologies ("Leinco") ( St. Louis, MO), a biotechnology company and specialty manufacturer of antibodies, recombinant proteins, ELISA kits, and second step reagents & ADMA Biologics, Inc. ("ADMA") ( RAMSEY, N.J. and BOCA RATON, FL. (leinco.com)
2018) Valoración de un nuevo ensayo quimioluminiscente en comparación con ELISA en la detección de IgG contra el virus de la hepatitis E. Revista de la Sociedad Andaluza de Microbiología y Parasitología Clínica. (vircell.com)

Current human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. (duke.edu)

Serological testing is an efficient method to detect antibodies, especially immunoglobulin G (IgG), from previous SARS-CoV-2 infections. (news-medical.net)
The immunoglobulin elicits neutralizing antibodies and has a half-life of 21 days. (medscape.com)
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a polymeric highly purified immunoglobulin fraction derived from large pools of up to 60,000 plasma donors. (nursingcenter.com)

Because the biosensor is under thermodynamic control and fully reversible, it is capable of detecting RBD-targeted SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that compete with LCB1 at or near the ACE-2 binding interface of RBD. (nature.com)
Those 6000 samples, collected each month starting in March and for the next 5 months, will be assessed with an antibody testing algorithm, which we're still finalizing, that will help us monitor how many people develop SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over time. (pulitzercenter.org)

Molecular dissection of the human antibody response to the structural repeat epitope of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite from a protected donor. (qmul.ac.uk)
A Prevalent Focused Human Antibody Response to the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Head Interface. (duke.edu)

Blood plasma from patients that have recovered from COVID-19, referred to as convalescent plasma, contain antibodies against the virus that can be used as a potential treatment for COVID-19. (ca.gov)

Anti-spike antibody was assayed by Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 quantitative spike assay (Roche).ResultsUnvaccinated donors showed a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 148 against WT, 80 against Alpha but mostly failed to neutralize Beta, Delta, and Omicron strains. (ox.ac.uk)
High titer donations could be reliably identified by automated quantitative anti-spike antibody assay, enabling large-scale preselection of high-titer convalescent plasma. (ox.ac.uk)
The results show that positive rate of IgG antibody against receptor-binding domain of spike protein (RBD-IgG) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors exceeded 70% for 12 months post diagnosis. (nature.com)
The virus uses the spike protein to bind to a receptor in host cells, the researchers noted, making it "the main, and potentially only target for neutralizing antibodies. (darkdaily.com)

Assays that measure antibody titer and neutralizing capability exist but are not compatible with home use. (nature.com)
Traditional affinity-based immunoassays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) 5 , can quantitatively measure antibody titer, but due to inherent complexity and instrumentation, they require a centralized laboratory for diagnostics. (nature.com)
Moreover, male plasma donors produce more RBD-IgG than female, and age of the patients positively correlates with the RBD-IgG titer. (nature.com)
In the patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), the specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 can last for an average of 2 years, with the positive rate and titer of SARS-CoV-1-specific neutralizing antibodies significantly reduced at the third year. (nature.com)
Nevertheless, successful convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 patients has been reported: The symptoms of 10 severe COVID-19 patients who received 200 mL of convalescent plasma containing high-titer neutralizing antibody were significantly improved or even completely disappeared within 3-7 days 8 . (nature.com)
We are confident the ImmunoRank assay will be an efficient and effective tool for selecting high titer convalescent plasma units containing neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 both for the treatment of COVID-19 patients as well as identifying plasma that can be used for development and production of hyperimmune globulins to treat COVID-19," said Adam Grossman, President and Chief Executive Officer of ADMA. (leinco.com)

Research in our lab is aimed at defining the structural correlates of broad and potent antibody-mediated neutralization of viruses. (stanford.edu)

Methods A pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus microneutralisation assay was used to detect neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. (ox.ac.uk)
The seropositive samples were then subjected to chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay to detect anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibodies. (news-medical.net)
The ability to detect antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently under investigation with various performance characteristics and indications for use. (researchgate.net)
Serologic testing can be used to detect Zika virus-specific IgM and neutralizing antibodies, which typically develop toward the end of the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)

In recent years, a number of novel neutralizing antibodies with different specificities have been isolated and characterized by using new B cell-based sorting and screening approaches [ 4 , 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Assays for Infliximab Drug Levels and Antibodies: A Matter of Scales and Categories. (uib.no)
Team members at the University of Washington Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology studied fast, high throughput commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests in parallel with the nAb assay, and identified tests with good correlation characteristics that make them reasonable surrogates for the cumbersome nAb assays. (fredhutch.org)

Plasma cells then secrete the antigen-specific antibody in large quantities. (wikipedia.org)
In the present study, the researchers used the remaining plasma samples from regular blood donors for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody screening. (news-medical.net)
It can identify donors of plasma from recovered patients that can be transfused into COVID-19 patients as a potential treatment. (pulitzercenter.org)
According to Dr. Madasu, the success rate of convalescent plasma therapy relies heavily on the donor. (moleculardevices.com)
Madasu further explains: "With the convalescent plasma therapy, A) you are expecting that the donor is still producing neutralizing antibodies, and B) Donor is producing sufficient amounts to be effective at all. (moleculardevices.com)
BOSTON (WPRI) - Doctors at UMass Memorial Medical Center say a critically ill COVID-19 patient improved "dramatically" after using plasma from a donor that had recovered from the virus. (wpri.com)
With the encouraging results from earlier this week, the hospital is now trying to collect as much plasma as possible from those who recently recovered from COVID-19, as their blood contains antibodies to fight off the virus. (wpri.com)
Humana Military, the company that manages Tricare for part or all of 31 states and the District of Columbia, issued a call to blood donors located near military installations that are collecting plasma from recovered coronavirus patients, also known as convalescent plasma, as a potential treatment for the illness. (military.com)
It's believed the plasma may contain neutralising antibodies which could stop the virus spreading. (bristolpost.co.uk)
Products are from hyperimmunized human donor plasma and could potentially contain infectious agents, although this risk is small secondary to initial screening of donors. (medscape.com)
The study arose from an effort by Mount Sinai to identify potential donors for a convalescent plasma therapy program. (darkdaily.com)
Finally, to determine how long protection might last, the researchers recalled 121 plasma donors for additional tests at two different points during the study. (darkdaily.com)
However, not all SARS-CoV-2-infected people produce a robust neutralizing antibody response, so donor plasma must be screened for SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibody activity to determine which convalescent patients are suitable nAb donors. (fredhutch.org)
ADMA also has the rights for commercializing ImmunoRank test kits for use by plasma donation centers to screen donors for neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. (leinco.com)

By screening single hybrid cells for those that produce the antibody of interest, researchers can develop a cell line generating virtually unlimited amounts of highly specific antibodies. (the-scientist.com)

Nearly all cases of transfusion-associated HIV transmission are now caused by blood donated during the infectious window period (i.e., when recently infected donors are infectious but have not yet developed detectable levels of HIV antibody). (cdc.gov)

Therefore, every B cell produces antibodies that bind specifically to different antigens. (wikipedia.org)
While previous researchers have obtained HIV-neutralizing antibodies using fluorescent probes to pull out antigen-specific memory B cells from a sample of blood, Connors and his team wanted to discover new HIV-neutralizing antibodies, without being limited only to those that are specific for known antigens. (the-scientist.com)
Nevertheless, the appearance of antibody drug conjugates (ADC) to focus on antigens overexpressed in breast most cancers has opened the door to a brand new class of breast most cancers therapeutics. (humgen.org)

The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)

These findings demonstrate that a single VAR2CSA ectodomain variant displays conserved epitopes that are targeted by neutralizing (or binding-inhibitory) antibodies shared by multiple parasite strains, including maternal isolates. (elifesciences.org)

In early 1990s, the first-generation human neutralizing antibodies (b12, 2G12, 2F5 and 4E10) were isolated from clade B-infected individuals by phage display and electrofusion or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation-based techniques [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)

We have succeeded in improving the breadth and potency of HIV-1-neutralzing antibodies, so that the best, such as VRC01.23 (Kwon 2021 Mabs 13:1946918) can neutralize ~95% of our 208-strain cross-clade panel with an IC80 of less than 1 µg/ml. (nih.gov)
When combining the COVA309 mAbs as cocktails or bispecific antibodies, the breadth and potency were improved. (bvsalud.org)

In previous Zika virus outbreaks, including the French Polynesia, the virus has been found in blood donors. (cdc.gov)
Transmission associated with blood transfusion is possible, since the RNA of Zika virus was identified in asymptomatic blood donors during a current surge. (bvsalud.org)

This can be due to the antibodies statically interfering with the pathogens, or toxins attaching to host cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Natural antibodies (Abs) can target host glycans on the surface of pathogens. (duke.edu)

Neutralizing antibodies were detected using the surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) assay, which mimics the interaction between the virus and the host using an immobilized angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor and purified RBD proteins. (news-medical.net)

Excitingly, by combining both second and third lines of investigation, we succeeded in inducing cross-clade neutralizing antibodies in mice, guinea pigs, and rhesus macaques (Xu 2018 Nat Med. (nih.gov)

Antibody response, he added, is also "essential for effective vaccine development. (darkdaily.com)

A 60-copy particle (noNAG-RBD-E2p) also elicits potently neutralizing antibodies in non-human primates. (bvsalud.org)

The neutralizing antibody response to influenza virus is thought to be specific for a few antigenically related isolates within a given subtype. (jci.org)
A second area in which we and others have made an impact is in understanding how human antibodies can neutralize diverse HIV-1 isolates. (nih.gov)
The VRC01 antibody, which we helped to identify in 2010 (Wu 2010 Science 329, 856-861), uses mimicry of the CD4 receptor to neutralize over 90 percent of HIV-1 isolates, though the inability of germline versions of VRC01 to bind to HIV-1 Env and its extraordinary level of somatic hypermutation suggest roadblocks to eliciting similar antibodies (Zhou 2010 Science 329, 811-817). (nih.gov)

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are thought of as an vital class of biopharmaceutical medicine, with about 160 merchandise in medical trials. (humgen.org)

We found the N-terminal eight residues of the fusion peptide to be a region targeted by neutralizing antibodies (Kong 2016 Science 352, 828-338. (nih.gov)

The detailed examination of the antibody repertoire from RV144 provides a unique template for understanding potentially protective antibody functions. (duke.edu)
Neutralizing antibodies against the S-protein are believed to play an important role in protective immunity. (hopkinsguides.com)

The most promising Ags were submitted to a more in-depth biophysical investigation of their structure and conformation stability, and for their capacity to interact with neutralising antibodies (Abs) and peptides. (europa.eu)

Controls were collected from 100 donors in Scotland during 2019.ResultsAll samples collected on the 17th March, 2020 (n=500) were negative in the pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus microneutralisation assay. (ox.ac.uk)
To achieve this goal, we designed an assay that focuses on antibodies competing with RBD:ACE-2 interactions as a proxy for antibody neutralization 8 (Fig. 1a,b ). (nature.com)
This report provides PHS guidelines for a) interpreting p24-antigen-assay results, b) counseling and follow-up of blood donors who have positive or indeterminate p24-antigen-test results, and c) using p24-antigen testing in settings other than blood banks. (cdc.gov)

However, it has been previously shown that more severe disease produces a stronger antibody response, and thus our mild disease cohort may result in a lower sensitivity (26). (researchgate.net)

Prevalence of IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was 31.4% in COVID-19 patients, 1.5% in healthcare providers, 1.3% in general workers, and 0.2% in other patients. (researchgate.net)
In these studies, CD4 + T cell-depleting and blocking antibodies caused remission from disease in a number of CD and UC patients examined, suggesting a prominent role of CD4 + T cells in propagating disease ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
The totality of current evidence indicates that CCP administration with units having a high concentration of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 reduces the likelihood of hospitalization and reduces mortality if administered to out-patients early in the course of disease. (ipetitions.com)
These are clones of isolated neutralizing antibodies -- either taken from humans or artificially created -- that are currently in development and safety testing as an "antibody cocktail" to treat the coronavirus for patients both in and out of hospitals, according to Woodcock. (military.com)
Researchers believe the antibody-rich fluid could save the lives of patients who develop the deadly virus in the next few weeks. (bristolpost.co.uk)
Deficient phosphorylation of stat-1 in leukocytes identifies neutralizing antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-beta. (uib.no)
Evaluation of interferon-beta neutralizing antibodies in individual patients with multiple sclerosis based on phospho-specific flow cytometry. (uib.no)
The immortalization of antibody-producing cells from patients infected with HIV can be inefficient, and even when cells are successfully immortalized, some clones tend to be unstable. (the-scientist.com)
Here, we longitudinally investigated the phenotype and degranulation of neutrophils in COVID-19 patients (28 nonhospitalized and 35 hospitalized patients) compared with 17 healthy donors (HDs). (bvsalud.org)
In an effort to bridge this gap, we evaluated cryopreserved PBMCs from 4 patients who survived Ebola virus disease (EVD) using an established mass cytometry antibody panel to characterize various cell populations during both the acute and convalescent phases. (cdc.gov)
Il s'agit d'une étude transversale, monocentrique et descriptive, durant 12 mois, incluant les patients âgés d'au moins 18 ans admis en réanimation polyvalente pour un sepsis ou choc septique. (bvsalud.org)

The average window period of the most sensitive contemporary recombinant protein-based EIA for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies is now 20 days less (4), yielding an average infectious window period of 25 days (95% CI=9-41 days) (5). (cdc.gov)
Briefly, β-galactosidase (β-Gal)-linked antibody/N protein/aptamer immunocomplexes had been fashioned on magnetic beads (MBs). (humgen.org)

It also limits terminal complement complex formation on target membranes, interferes with the ability of the specific host antibody to bind to a target antigen, and modulates the ability of B cells to produce antibody. (nursingcenter.com)

Once researchers have cloned the pairs of heavy- and light-chain genes naturally found in the cells, they can produce recombinant versions of each antibody in the lab. (the-scientist.com)

However, the T cells from seronegative individuals behaved similarly to T cells from healthy donors and did not produce proinflammatory cytokines, while seropositive donor T cells did, suggesting that a lack of seroconversion correlates with T cells that do not respond to SARS-CoV-2. (fredhutch.org)

Furthermore, neutralizing antibody persistence and increased avidity were stronger in female donors than in males. (news-medical.net)

Recapitulation of HIV-1 Env-antibody coevolution in macaques leading to neutralization breadth. (duke.edu)

Anatomy22

Organisms17

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs100

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment65

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Named Groups3

Health Care8

Monoclonal antibodies19

Titers13

Broadly19

Viral16

Target of neutralizi2

NAbs5

Responses13

Characterization1

Serum8

Vaccination5

Infection21

Detection3

Levels of antibodies2

Immune15

Variants12

ELISA5

Vaccines1

Immunoglobulin3

SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies2

Human antibody response2

Contain antibodies1

Spike4

Titer6

Potent1

Detect4

Specificities1

Assays2

Plasma14

Specific antibodies1

Detectable1

Antigens3

Gp411

Binding-inhibitory1

Phage display1

MAbs2

Zika2

Pathogens2

Proteins1

Rhesus macaques1

Vaccine development1

Elicits1

Isolates3

Bispecific1

20161

Protective2

Peptides1

Assay3

Cohort1

Patients11

Protein2

Complement1

Recombinant1

Healthy donors1

Persistence1

Breadth1