INFECTIONAIDSGenetic diversityInfectionsPrevalenceAntibodiesSubtypeImmuneDisease progressionMutationsCohortAntibodyPopulationsMalariaVariantsPathogenesisDiagnosis2020AssaySubtypesIndividualsPreventionAntiretroviral therapy amongSuppress HIV replicationHuman ImmunSusceptibility2021ScreeningVaccinesStrainsInterventionsImpairment2016ClinicalGenomicIncidenceVaccine designReplicationCentersImmunopathogenesisSensitivityPersistenceIsolatesEnvelopeDetectionPatientsLiving with HIVProvirusesNeuropathogenesisViral loadElusiveSerologicResultsForamReservoir
INFECTION85
- Daniel Shriner , Yi Liu , David C. Nickle , and James I. Mullins "EVOLUTION OF INTRAHOST HIV-1 GENETIC DIVERSITY DURING CHRONIC INFECTION," Evolution 60(6), 1165-1176, (1 June 2006). (bioone.org)
- However, in the last decade, prevalence of infection with nonclade B viruses has increased in France, Belgium, Spain, and Switzerland ( 9 - 12 ), in large part after migration from or international travel into HIV-endemic areas ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
- Antiretroviral therapy cannot cure HIV-1 infection due to the persistence of a small number of latently infected cells harboring replication-competent proviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
- HIV genetic diversity informs stage of HIV-1 infection among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Botswana. (ox.ac.uk)
- BackgroundHIV-1 genetic diversity increases during infection and can help infer the time elapsed since infection. (ox.ac.uk)
- However the effect of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on the inference remains unknown.MethodsParticipants with estimated duration of HIV-1 infection based on repeated testing were sourced from cohorts in Botswana (n=1944). (ox.ac.uk)
- 1 year, whether or not they had a record.ConclusionsThese results indicate that recency of HIV-1 infection can be inferred from viral sequence diversity even among patients on suppressive ART. (ox.ac.uk)
- Thus far, there is no experimental or clinical evidence that any vaccine will be able to completely prevent HIV infection. (aerzteblatt.de)
- Beginning January 4th, 2010, refugees are no longer tested for HIV-infection prior to arrival in the U.S. (cdc.gov)
- Oral or written information should include an explanation of HIV infection and the meanings of positive and negative test results, and the patient should be offered an opportunity to ask questions. (cdc.gov)
- 13 years of age should be screened unless negative HIV status for the mother of the child can be confirmed and the child is otherwise thought to be at low risk of infection (no history of high-risk exposures such as previous blood product transfusions, early sexual activity, or history of sexual violence or abuse). (cdc.gov)
- The identification and treatment of HIV-infected pregnant women can prevent HIV infection in their infants. (cdc.gov)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Genetic Diversity Informs Stage of HIV-1 Infection Among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana. (bvsalud.org)
- Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV )-1 genetic diversity increases during infection and can help infer the time elapsed since infection . (bvsalud.org)
- Participants with estimated duration of HIV-1 infection based on repeated testing were sourced from cohorts in Botswana (n = 1944). (bvsalud.org)
- These results indicate that recency of HIV-1 infection can be inferred from viral sequence diversity even among patients on suppressive ART . (bvsalud.org)
- Herein, we performed a deep shotgun metagenomics study with the aim to obtain a more precise landscape of gut microbiome dysbiosis in HIV-1 infection. (frontiersin.org)
- These findings advance our understanding of human gut microbiome and their potential associations with HIV-1 infection. (frontiersin.org)
- Present analyses failed to identify any significant associations with HIV-1 infection or progression to AIDS. (johnshopkins.edu)
- The high prevalence of recurrent malaria, tuberculosis, chronic helminth infections, and water-borne pathogens in developing countries may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection in persons living in such regions [ 1,2 ]. (lww.com)
- Optimal protection from HSV-1 infection provided by interactions between innate and acquired immune responses. (drexel.edu)
- Nonetheless, in cases of chronic inflammation and infection as in HIV, rare antibodies with lipid affinity can emerge 5 - 8 . (elifesciences.org)
- Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) display protective potentials against experimental animal infection and thus are believed to be a key component of an effective HIV vaccine. (plos.org)
- Following HIV-1 infection, serum neutralizing antibody responses against the evolving autologous viral swarm are generated by the vast majority of infected subjects, usually within the first few months of infection [ 1 - 6 ]. (plos.org)
- HIV-1 infection of the CNS has implications for both treatment and cure strategies. (natap.org)
- HIV-1 infection causes most AIDS cases worldwide, but in West Africa, HIV-2 is also prevalent. (medscape.com)
- The natural history of HIV-2 infection tends to be more benign than that of HIV-1, and most patients infected solely with HIV-2 do not progress to AIDS. (medscape.com)
- Previous research suggests that HIV-2 infection protects against subsequent HIV-1 infection and, in cases of dual infection, slows the rate of HIV-1 disease progression. (medscape.com)
- From 1990 through 2007, all persons employed by the Guinea-Bissau police force were offered enrollment in a prospective study of HIV infection that included blood collection every 12 to 18 months. (medscape.com)
- Of the 32 individuals with dual infection, 20 were infected with HIV-2 first, and 12 had concomitant seroreactivity. (medscape.com)
- Patients with dual infection had a significantly longer median time to AIDS diagnosis than those infected with HIV-1 only (104 vs. 68 months). (medscape.com)
- HIV is grouped into the genus Lentivirus (lentus, from Latin) due to the slow course of infection and thus disease, with a long latency period, persistent viral replication and central nervous system involvement ( 1 ). (scielo.sa.cr)
- Study the role of HIV-1 sequence diversity in understanding neurovirulence, neurotropism, discordant and compartmentalized viral evolution, CNS cell type-specific infection, regional genetic heterogeneity, and associated functional effects. (nih.gov)
- A new real-time quantitative PCR for diagnosis and monitoring of HIV-1 group O infection. (scienceopen.com)
- The correct diagnosis and monitoring of HIV-1 group O (HIV-O) infection are essential for appropriate patient management, for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and for the detection of dual HIV-M/HIV-O infections. (scienceopen.com)
- therefore, they cannot be used for the specific identification of HIV-O infection. (scienceopen.com)
- The new assay, INT-O, allows both the specific diagnosis of HIV-O infection and the quantification of diverse HIV-O strains. (scienceopen.com)
- Although an HIV-1 infection can be effectively treated, its cure is impeded by the persistence of the latent HIV-1 reservoir, which is invisible to the host immune surveillance and unsusceptible to antiretroviral therapy. (usz.ch)
- Antiretroviral therapy has turned a deadly infection with HIV-1 into a chronic life-long disease. (usz.ch)
- 1] Once infection has occurred, the virus destroys a specific type of blood cell, the CD4+ T cells, which are crucial for immunity and fighting diseases. (ncfh.org)
- There are three stages of HIV infection: acute HIV infection, chronic HIV infection, and AIDS. (ncfh.org)
- Antiretroviral medications cannot cure an HIV infection, but they can help prevent an HIV infection from progressing to AIDS. (ncfh.org)
- Gay and bisexual men have the greatest burden of HIV infection (68% of new infections in 2020), and Black and Latino gay and bisexual men have the greatest risk. (ncfh.org)
- 3] Among women, heterosexual Black women experience the highest rates of HIV infection. (ncfh.org)
- This study presents modeling results exploring the potential impact of HIV vaccines in the Chinese context at varying efficacy and coverage rates, while further exploring the potential implications of vaccination programs aimed at reaching populations at highest risk of HIV infection. (mdpi.com)
- Natural control of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: HPTN 068. (umassmed.edu)
- HPTN 068: A Randomized Control Trial of a Conditional Cash Transfer to Reduce HIV Infection in Young Women in South Africa-Study Design and Baseline Results. (umassmed.edu)
- Characteristics of multiple and concurrent partnerships among women at high risk for HIV infection. (umassmed.edu)
- Age-disparate partnerships and incident HIV infection in adolescent girls and young women in rural South Africa. (umassmed.edu)
- The Relationship between Alcohol Outlets, HIV Risk Behavior, and HSV-2 Infection among South African Young Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. (umassmed.edu)
- Transactional sex among young women in rural South Africa: prevalence, mediators and association with HIV infection. (umassmed.edu)
- Transactional sex and incident HIV infection in a cohort of young women from rural South Africa. (umassmed.edu)
- An effective HIV vaccine would have to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies that can bind to the virus and prevent infection of target cells -an event known as neutralization. (fredhutch.org)
- Therefore, characteristics of maternal HIV-specific antibodies that protect infants against infection could inform HIV vaccine design. (fredhutch.org)
- Besides protecting against infection by neutralizing HIV, antibodies can "flag" infected cells for elimination by immune cells in a process known as antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). (fredhutch.org)
- However, when HIV testing is indicated, tests for antibodies to both HIV-1 and HIV-2 should be obtained if epidemiologic risk factors for HIV-2 infection are present, if clinical evidence exists for HIV disease in the absence of a positive test for antibodies to HIV-1, or if HIV-1 Western blot results exhibit the unusual indeterminate pattern of gag plus pol bands in the absence of env bands. (cdc.gov)
- This decision was based on the collective evidence that HIV-2 infection in the United States was extremely rare (5). (cdc.gov)
- Cells armed with the nuclease-RNA combination proved impervious to HIV infection, the research states. (rt.com)
- I describe the application of this system to the programming of hematopoeitic stem cells to generate anti-HIV B cells as a strategy to "vaccinate" against HIV infection. (caltech.edu)
- read more work for the identification of critical human genetic factors affecting susceptibility or resistance to HIV-1 infection and AIDS progression. (hstalks.com)
- Maternal HIV infection (for newborns, infants, and children): Steps taken to reduce the risk of transmission at birth include cesarean delivery and prenatal antiretroviral therapy in the mother and antiretroviral therapy in the newborn immediately after birth. (medscape.com)
- The patient may present with signs and symptoms of any of the stages of HIV infection. (medscape.com)
- The signs and symptoms are those of the presenting illness, meaning that HIV infection should be suspected as an underlying illness when unusual infections present in apparently healthy individuals. (medscape.com)
- HIV infection itself does cause some sequelae, including AIDS-associated dementia/encephalopathy and HIV wasting syndrome (chronic diarrhea and weight loss with no identifiable cause). (medscape.com)
- No physical findings are specific to HIV infection. (medscape.com)
- Evidence for risk factors or minor concurrent opportunistic infections (eg, herpetic lesions on the groin, widespread oral candidiasis) may be clues to HIV infection. (medscape.com)
- Screening for HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. (medscape.com)
- Laboratory testing for the diagnosis of HIV infection : updated recommendations. (medscape.com)
- HIV-seronegative Cameroonians with exposure to nonhuman primates were tested for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. (cdc.gov)
- While laboratory exposure to NHPs has caused infections with SIV ( 1 - 3 ), no direct evidence has been seen of ongoing exposure to or infection with SIV in natural settings. (cdc.gov)
- Since the first cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were identified, the number of children infected with HIV has risen dramatically in developing countries, the result of an increased number of HIV-infected women of childbearing age in these areas. (medscape.com)
- Vertical HIV infection occurs before birth, during delivery, or after birth. (medscape.com)
- Detection of antibody to HIV is the usual first step in diagnosing HIV infection. (medscape.com)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain infections and cancers. (msdmanuals.com)
- HIV infection can be diagnosed by antibody, nucleic acid (HIV RNA), or antigen (p24) testing. (msdmanuals.com)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Infants and Children Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is caused by the retrovirus HIV-1 (and less commonly by the related retrovirus HIV-2). (msdmanuals.com)
- It has been suggested that different virological and immunological events during the very early stages of HIV infection may determine the rate of the future disease course of the individual patient. (lu.se)
- Moreover, differences in clinical symptoms during the acute HIV-1 infection may be driven by both viral factors and innate immune responses. (lu.se)
- The detailed underlying mechanisms that determine differences in disease progression and clinical presentation of acute HIV infection (AHI) are largely unknown. (lu.se)
- The main goal of this project is to dissect the relationship between HIV-1 viral diversity, evolutionary dynamics, innate immune responses, and acute retroviral syndrome during acute HIV-1 infection, and how they contribute to disease pathogenesis during the acute and chronic stages of infection. (lu.se)
- Clear differences in the natural history of acute HIV-1 infection exist between adults and infants both clinically and with respect to viral population dynamics and the nature of the immune response. (lu.se)
- In this study, we plan to analyse samples that has been collected during acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) from a total of 115 participants (74 from the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative [IAVI, http://www.iavi.org/ , samples from Kenya, Uganda, Zambia, Rwanda], 26 from Sweden, and 15 from South Africa). (lu.se)
- The HIV-1 gag and env genes amplified from blood plasma samples of a unique cohort of acute HIV-1 infections are analyzed in this project with the aim to assess virus adaptations during acute HIV-1 infection and how these relates to the replicative capacity of the virus. (lu.se)
- Curbing the HIV epidemic represents one of the biggest challenges of our time and although combination antiretroviral therapy can control the infection, HIV infection remains incurable. (lu.se)
- Interestingly, the disease progression rate can vary considerably between individuals (with time to AIDS ranging between months to decades), and the immune specificity against HIV infection has been suggested to only explain about 22% of the most reliable predictor of when AIDS will develop? (lu.se)
AIDS35
- This diversity is a challenge for viral load determination, drug resistance testing, and AIDS vaccine development ( 1 , 4 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)
- Die Infektion mit HIV f hrt nach mehreren Jahren klinischer Latenz zur Entwicklung des erworbenen Immunschw chesyndroms (Aids) und Tod durch opportunistische Infektionen, Tumoren, Enzephalopathie oder Schwindsucht (wasting disease) ( 20 ). (aerzteblatt.de)
- The HIV/AIDS pandemic remains one of the most serious global health challenges today 2 , 3 . (cdc.gov)
- More than 30 million people were living with HIV at the end of 2007, with approximately 2.1 million deaths annually due to AIDS 2 . (cdc.gov)
- While HIV/AIDS affects individuals throughout the world, certain regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa, have disproportionally high prevalence rates (exceeding 20% in some countries). (cdc.gov)
- This cytokine differentially regulates two major HIV-1 coreceptors and activates viral expression, and is thus a reasonable candidate gene for analyses in HIV-1/AIDS cohort studies. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Genetic epidemiological analyses were conducted among European American and African American participants enrolled in five USA-based HIV-1/AIDS cohorts. (johnshopkins.edu)
- One SNP, -589T, known to influence IL-4 transcription was previously shown to be associated with HIV-1/AIDS in both Japanese and French populations. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Jonathan Mermin, director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV/AIDS Prevention division, said the proportion of those who did not know whether they were HIV-positive was high for black men. (advocate.com)
- The need for the study of microbiological expertise can be applied in biocrimes linked to the transmission of microorganisms intentionally, such as the intentional transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), a pathogen that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). (scielo.sa.cr)
- The position of the United Nations Joint Program on HIV / AIDS, to avoid further discrimination against carriers, is to avoid establishing legislation to address the issue or a specific criminal type. (scielo.sa.cr)
- The first clue to the emergence of HIV-2 came in 1986 when a morphologically similar but previously distinct virus was found to cause AIDS in patients in West Africa ( 4 ). (scielo.sa.cr)
- The very first book that addressed longevity with AIDS through nutrition, exercise, and complimentary medications was Built to Survive , and it became a staple on the nightstand of people living with HIV. (queerty.com)
- If you're HIV positive and are using successful medications, you can thank activists like Peter Staley, who took to the streets in the 1980's and demanded our government pay attention to the AIDS epidemic and approve life-saving drugs to treat it. (queerty.com)
- If left undiagnosed or untreated, HIV can remain asymptomatic and eventually lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a dangerous disease that severely weakens the immune system and leads to death. (ncfh.org)
- Lack of health care access due to legal, financial, geographical, and linguistic barriers coupled with a lack of material and social support all place an especially heavy burden on migratory and seasonal agricultural workers for contracting HIV and/ or AIDS. (ncfh.org)
- The terms HIV and AIDS are often confused or used interchangeably, but in fact, they are very different. (ncfh.org)
- HIV and AIDS have a high chance of being prevented using PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis). (ncfh.org)
- Data regarding the incidence of HIV/AIDS in migratory or seasonal agricultural workers is limited. (ncfh.org)
- Migration between Mexico and the United States has previously been highlighted in 2009 as a source of rising HIV/AIDS rates in Mexico, and Mexican officials now estimate that 30 percent of their country's HIV/AIDS cases are caused by migrant workers returning from the United States. (ncfh.org)
- China's commitment to implementing established and emerging HIV/AIDS prevention and control strategies has led to substantial gains in terms of access to antiretroviral treatment and prevention services, but the evolving and multifaceted HIV/AIDS epidemic in China highlights the challenges of maintaining that response. (mdpi.com)
- In 1986, a second virus causing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), was discovered and found to be relatively common in parts of West Africa (1-3). (cdc.gov)
- While Asian & Pacific Islanders (A&PI) represent approximately 1% of all national HIV/AIDS cases, A&PIs had the highest estimated annual percentage increase in diagnosis rates of all race/ethnicities from 2001 to 2004. (confex.com)
- The project has three core elements: social marketing, National A&PI HIV/AIDS Awareness Day, and leadership development. (confex.com)
- The new strategy includes collaborating with social justice organizations to integrate HIV/AIDS into discussions of other community concerns. (confex.com)
- Discussion: By utilizing new media placement, we boosted exposure of HIV.AIDS within A&PI communities, which led to increased community involvement in BTP. (confex.com)
- Describe the impact of stigma and HIV/AIDS on Asian & Pacific Islander populations 2. (confex.com)
- I have been providing training and technical assistance around HIV/AIDS for over 7 years. (confex.com)
- Available at https://www.who.int/health-topics/hiv-aids/#tab=tab_1 . (medscape.com)
- HIV/AIDS and political and social instability are contributing factors. (who.int)
- Both HIV-infected children and orphans or children of parents affected by AIDS are at increased risk of malnutrition. (who.int)
- Forecasts for underweight in 2015 might be underestimates if the HIV/AIDS epidemic worsens. (who.int)
- However, through international efforts, as of 2021, an estimated 28.7 million people living with HIV were accessing antiretroviral therapy (up from 7.8 million in 2010), dramatically reducing deaths and transmission in many countries (see UNAIDS: Global HIV & AIDS statistics - Fact sheet ). (msdmanuals.com)
- Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS [UNAIDS], 2014). (bvsalud.org)
- Laboratories are the nexus of all infectious disease diagnosis and management as well as public health response, ranging from diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, to emerging infectious diseases such as cholera, Middle East respiratory syndrome and diphtheria. (who.int)
Genetic diversity12
- We studied HIV genetic diversity in a cohort of 127 pregnant, HIV-infected women who received prenatal care at Sainte-Justine Hospital in Montreal, Canada, between 1999 and 2003. (cdc.gov)
- HIV-1 exhibits considerable genetic diversity resulting from the high mutation rate of reverse transcriptase, high viral turnover, viral genomic recombination, and immune and therapeutic selection pressures ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- Characterizing HIV genetic diversity and evolution during antiretroviral therapy (ART) provides insights into the mechanisms that maintain the viral reservoir during ART. (biomedcentral.com)
- 1 year based on viral genetic diversity, demographic and clinical data.ResultsThe best predictive model included variables for genetic diversity of HIV-1 gag, pol and env, viral load, age, sex and ART status. (ox.ac.uk)
- We optimized a machine learning model to classify infections as 1 year based on viral genetic diversity , demographic, and clinical data. (bvsalud.org)
- Despite only 30,000 group O HIV-1 infections, an identical genetic diversity is observed among the O subgroups H (head) and T (tail) (previously referred to as subtypes A, B) as with the 9 group M subtypes (ACK). (bio-cavagnou.info)
- The ability of HIV-1 to develop high levels of genetic diversity and acquire mutations to escape immune pressures contributes to our difficulties in producing a vaccine. (sciencedaily.com)
- Furthermore, their HIV-1 viruses exhibited significantly less genetic diversity over time, which also suggests an attenuating effect of HIV-2 on HIV-1 disease progression. (medscape.com)
- Specificity was assessed with 27 HIV-1 group M strains and the prototype strain of group P. Clinical performances were analyzed by using 198 stored plasma samples, representative of HIV-O genetic diversity. (scienceopen.com)
- These results showed that HIV-O genetic diversity still has an impact on RNA quantification. (scienceopen.com)
- There is also a worry that the genetic diversity of the HIV virus - it is prone to mutations - may mean that treatment has to be tailored towards each strand of the virus. (rt.com)
- Cameroon has extensive HIV-1 genetic diversity, and rural bushmeat hunting is common ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Infections11
- In addition, an estimated 2.7 million new HIV infections occurred in 2007 2 . (cdc.gov)
- Treatment as Prevention: Characterization of Partner Infections in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 Trial. (umassmed.edu)
- Understanding the HIV Epidemic Among MSM in Baltimore: A Modeling Study Estimating the Impact of Past HIV Interventions and Who Acquired and Contributed to Infections. (umassmed.edu)
- This article provides CDC recommendations for the diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in persons being tested in settings other than blood centers and CDC/FDA guidelines for serologic testing with combination HIV-1/HIV-2 screening enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). (cdc.gov)
- Epidemiologic data indicate that the prevalence of HIV-2 infections in persons in the United States is extremely low. (cdc.gov)
- Because HIV-2 infections are not always detected by HIV-1 antibody tests (4), antibody tests for HIV-2 have been developed. (cdc.gov)
- Justiz Vaillant AA, Naik R. HIV-1 Associated Opportunistic Infections. (medscape.com)
- HIV-1 causes most HIV infections worldwide, but HIV-2 causes a substantial proportion of infections in parts of West Africa. (msdmanuals.com)
- In the United States, at the end of 2019, an estimated 1,189,700 people ≥ 13 years were living with HIV, including an estimated 158,500 (13%) people whose infections had not been diagnosed. (msdmanuals.com)
- Around 36.9 million people in the world live with HIV, and in 2014, 60% of all new infections in young people corresponded to young women between and 24 years old. (bvsalud.org)
- The frequency and diversity of serious fungal infections are increasing. (medscape.com)
Prevalence4
- We are working on determining the prevalence and recent trends in the emergence of drug resistance-associated mutations in untreated HIV patients from Cameroon, using a Next-Generation Sequencing assay suitable for all HIV-1 subtypes. (usz.ch)
- Certain populations are at a much greater risk for contracting HIV in the U.S. Persons residing in the South have an HIV prevalence twice that of those in the Midwest. (ncfh.org)
- 8] However, no study to date on HIV prevalence among agricultural workers can provide a reliable estimate since past studies were non-random and often had a very small sample size. (ncfh.org)
- Cervical cancer prevention in countries with the highest HIV prevalence: a review of policies. (who.int)
Antibodies23
- 18 months of age who test positive for HIV antibodies should receive further testing with DNA or RNA assays. (cdc.gov)
- A potent class of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targets the envelope glycoprotein's membrane proximal exposed region (MPER) through a proposed mechanism where hypervariable loops embed into lipid bilayers and engage headgroup moieties alongside the epitope. (elifesciences.org)
- This valuable study reports multi-scale molecular dynamics simulations to investigate a class of highly potent antibodies that simultaneously engage with the HIV-1 Envelope trimer and the viral membrane. (elifesciences.org)
- B-cells producing antibodies targeting host membranes are downregulated in healthy organisms 1 - 4 . (elifesciences.org)
- We sought to address this phenomenon for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) 4E10, PGZL1, 10E8, and LN01 of unique lineages which all target the semi-concealed membrane-proximal epitope region (MPER) 13 - 16 of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). (elifesciences.org)
- Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) isolated from infected subjects display protective potential in animal models. (plos.org)
- The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole viral target of bnAbs, but is also targeted by binding, non-neutralizing antibodies. (plos.org)
- We report that the variable domains of recombinant HIV-1 Env immunogens activate a large number of B cell clones that give rise to many non-neutralizing antibodies, and that removing the variable domains from the immunogen reduces the number of activated B cell lineages and leads to the development of autologous neutralizing antibodies, a step towards bNAb-production. (plos.org)
- Our results suggest a possible effect of non- env HIV-1 genes on the interaction of Env and neutralizing antibodies and highlight the need to generate a library of IMCs representative of the HIV-1 subtype spectrum to be used as standardized neutralization assay reagents for assessing HIV-1 vaccine efficacy. (plos.org)
- HIV-specific neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) bind to the HIV envelope (Env), a protein on the surface of the viral particle that binds CD4 receptors on T-cells and mediates entry into the cell. (fredhutch.org)
- Using a high-throughput functional screen, the investigators cultured and screened individual B-cells for the production of antibodies with the capacity to neutralize an HIV-1 variant. (fredhutch.org)
- The authors selected an easy-to-neutralize "Tier 1A" HIV-1 variant in an attempt to cast a wide net to study the highest number of maternal antibodies from this subject. (fredhutch.org)
- The investigators then tested the neutralization capacity of both the maternal plasma, which contains a mixture of all antibodies, and individual representatives of the 21 nAb families against several "Tier 1" and "Tier 2" HIV-1 viruses. (fredhutch.org)
- They found that the plasma more potently neutralized the HIV variants compared to the individual nAbs, suggesting that neutralization activity might be mediated by antibodies that were not isolated in the screen. (fredhutch.org)
- Testing for Antibodies to HIV Type 2 in the U. S. (cdc.gov)
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recommended that all donated blood be screened for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) beginning no later than June 1, 1992. (cdc.gov)
- A positive result by HIV-1 Western blot confirms the presence of antibodies to HIV, and testing for HIV-2 is recommended only if HIV-2 risk factors are present. (cdc.gov)
- Efforts to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), particularly through the blood supply, led to the rapid development in 1985 of diagnostic tests for HIV-1 antibodies. (cdc.gov)
- On April 25, 1990, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test kit for detection of antibodies to HIV-2 in human serum or plasma. (cdc.gov)
- However, voluntary screening for HIV-2 antibodies by blood banks was considered to be an acceptable practice. (cdc.gov)
- We could overcome this difficulty by using gene therapy to directly instruct the body to produce anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). (caltech.edu)
- I then pivot to consider alternatives to B-cell programming to produce antibodies against HIV. (caltech.edu)
- I investigate the modification of non-lymphoid hematopoietic cells to produce antibodies using retroviral vectors and describe the use of lentiviral vectors to program muscle to produce anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies. (caltech.edu)
Subtype6
- We measured HIV-1 subtype diversity in a multiethnic cohort of pregnant, HIV-infected women to determine whether nonclade B HIV-1 is emerging in Canada after population movement, and whether antenatal cohorts are suitable sentinel sites to monitor the introduction of nonclade B viruses into Canada. (cdc.gov)
- Nevertheless, these controlled medical research on MVC Rabbit Polyclonal to SPINK5 had been largely centered on HIV-1 group M subtype B-infected cohorts in high-income countries.15 Furthermore, for just about any MVC containing regimen to work, CXCR4-using HIV-1 variants should be absent in the intrapatient virus population. (bio-cavagnou.info)
- Examine molecular and genetic mechanisms of potential subtype/clade differences in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis. (nih.gov)
- Thus far, a subtype B IMC backbone expressing Renilla luciferase (LucR), and into which the ectodomain of heterologous env coding sequences can be expressed has been successfully developed but as execution of HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials shifts increasingly to non-subtype B epidemics (Southern African and Southeast Asia), non-subtype B HIV-1 reagents are needed to support vaccine development. (plos.org)
- 18 constructs expressing various subtypes C and CRF01_AE Envs, mostly acute, in subtype-matched and -unmatched HIV backbones were tested for functionality and neutralization sensitivity. (plos.org)
- Previous studies by us and others have suggested that differences in disease progression rate may be associated with both viral parameters, such as diversity or infecting subtype and host immune responses. (lu.se)
Immune15
- This computational method clarifies and analyzes the variation found in the strains of the virus by describing the molecules which stimulate the immune response to HIV (immunogens) that have multiple forms of variable elements of the virus. (sciencedaily.com)
- 21, 2022 Researchers have discovered how the immune system can transform into an antibody-making machine capable of neutralizing one of the most elusive viruses out there: HIV. (sciencedaily.com)
- Immune activation and induction of HIV-1 replication within. (lww.com)
- To determine the impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria coinfection and its treatment on cellular reservoirs of viral replication in HIV-1-infected persons and to relate this to changes in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)
- Immunomagnetic HIV-1 capture analysis was used to determine the cellular origin of cell-free virus particles present in all 30 plasma samples and indices of immune activation were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. (lww.com)
- Parasite clearance following treatment with antimalarial drugs resulted in decreased detection of HIV-1 particles derived from the CD14 macrophage cell subset and correlated with a marked diminution in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)
- Acute P. falciparum malaria coinfection impacts virus-host dynamics in HIV-1-infected persons at the cellular level, notably showing a reversible induction of HIV-1 replication in CD14 macrophages that is associated with changes in immune activation. (lww.com)
- The main hurdle towards a cure of HIV-1 is the presence of the HIV-1 latent reservoir, which is defined as transcriptionally inactive, integrated HIV-1 proviruses that persist life-long in the human body, hidden from the immune system. (usz.ch)
- These immune assays will be advanced by the development of standardized viral stocks, such as HIV-1 infectious molecular clones (IMC), that i) express a reporter gene, ii) are representative of globally diverse subtypes and iii) are engineered to easily exchange envelope (env) genes for expression of sequences of interest. (plos.org)
- The tremendous molecular diversity of the human adaptive immune system allows for highly specific protection against diseases, including against major public health threats such as infectious bacteria, viruses, and cancers. (gatech.edu)
- These efforts are advancing new approaches in biologic drug discovery, and for the cataloguing the vast genetic and functional diversity of adaptive immune cells in multiple disease settings. (gatech.edu)
- Scientists have been struggling to find a cure for HIV for more than three decades, but the virus' ability to " replicate unrelentingly despite everything the immune system can throw at it ," have made a cure an elusive goal, according to virologist Ron Desrosiers. (rt.com)
- Since HIV-1 is never cleared by the immune system, removal of the virus is required in order to cure the disease, " said Khalili. (rt.com)
- In a study of HIV-1-infected, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naive children, Yin et al found that beginning HAART at younger ages and healthier CD4 levels results in better immune recovery. (medscape.com)
- In-depth analysis of how HIV evolutionary dynamics in diversity and divergence as well as adaptation to host immune responses require methods that enable large-scale and thorough dissection of the HIV quasispecies. (lu.se)
Disease progression3
- Patients infected with both viruses had slower disease progression than those infected with HIV-1 only. (medscape.com)
- Effect of daily aciclovir on HIV disease progression in individuals in Rakai, Uganda, co-infected with HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. (medscape.com)
- Importantly, this implies that up to 78% of the variation in HIV disease progression rate between patients remains to be explained. (lu.se)
Mutations3
- Using HIV-1 as a model system, we optimized and validated PANDAA to detect HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs). (nature.com)
- Other intriguing findings are differences in the continuous accumulation of majority mutations, i.e., fixation of viral variants in HIV-1 populations, and the different dynamics of viral diversity in the two environments. (usz.ch)
- Second, we seek to target different regions of HIV-1 to excise crucial viral genes and/or to introduce mutations to render the provirus replication defective. (usz.ch)
Cohort5
- In this cohort of 5 untreated people with HAD, the burden of HIV- infected cells varied across different regions of the brain, ranging from below the limit of detection to over 100,000 copies per million cells. (natap.org)
- Use of a multifaceted approach to analyze HIV incidence in a cohort study of women in the United States: HIV Prevention Trials Network 064 Study. (umassmed.edu)
- HIV drug resistance in a cohort of HIV-infected MSM in the United States. (umassmed.edu)
- Quality of HIV care provided by non-physician clinicians and physicians in Mozambique: a retrospective cohort study. (umassmed.edu)
- Antiretroviral Drug Use in a Cohort of HIV-Uninfected Women in the United States: HIV Prevention Trials Network 064. (umassmed.edu)
Antibody3
- The Overbaugh lab (Human Biology) sought to better understand how the mother's antibody response affects the viruses that are transmitted to infants using samples obtained 20 years ago in a longitudinal HIV study from Kenya, before effective antiretroviral therapies were developed. (fredhutch.org)
- Schematic representation of the role of the maternal antibody repertoire in mother-to-child transmission of HIV. (fredhutch.org)
- To be useful, an anti-HIV vaccine preparation needs to elicit potent neutralizing antibody response with sufficient breadth to cover the diversity of HIV variants. (caltech.edu)
Populations5
- However, compared to this potential, populations of HIV-1 within individuals exhibit little genetic variation. (bioone.org)
- These results highlight the epidemiologic importance of non-B HIV-1 in antenatal populations in a large North American urban center, underscore the influence of population movements on clade intermixing, and identify a group of patients who could be targeted for surveillance and drug therapy followup. (cdc.gov)
- Information about HIV and HIV testing should be provided in the languages of the commonly encountered populations within the service area. (cdc.gov)
- Today, computational methods for ancestral reconstruction continue to be extended and applied in a diversity of settings, so that ancestral states are being inferred not only for biological characteristics and the molecular sequences, but also for the structure or catalytic properties of ancient versus modern proteins, the geographic location of populations and species (phylogeography) and the higher-order structure of genomes. (wikipedia.org)
- HIV-1 populations are serially passaged in two T-cell lines and we observe an extreme degree of parallel evolution. (usz.ch)
Malaria4
- Plasma samples were obtained from HIV-1-infected individuals (n = 10) at diagnosis of acute malaria, 4 weeks after parasite clearance and from HIV-infected aparasitemic controls (n = 10). (lww.com)
- Compared with controls, the detectable proportion of HIV-1 particles derived from CD14 macrophages and CD26 lymphocytes was increased in persons with acute malaria coinfection and correlated with markedly increased plasma concentrations of both proinflammatory cytokines and soluble markers of macrophage and lymphocyte activation. (lww.com)
- Key application areas include infectious disease interventions, especially malaria and HIV-1 prevention, and the development of personalized cancer therapeutics. (gatech.edu)
- The report also includes a summary on the status of drug resistance for TB, HIV and malaria. (who.int)
Variants2
- Of the models we examined, the metapopulation model, in which HIV-1 evolves within an individual as a large collection of small subpopulations subject to frequent migration, extinction, and recolonization, was most consistent with the observed levels of genetic variation and the average frequencies of those variants. (bioone.org)
- It is well-documented that infants who get infected in an MTCT setting only acquire a few of the maternal HIV variants. (fredhutch.org)
Pathogenesis4
- Integration of viral DNA into the host genome is a central event in the replication cycle and the pathogenesis of retroviruses, including HIV. (biomedcentral.com)
- Indeed, antigen-presenting cells are important reservoirs of HIV-1 [ 16,17 ] and induction of HIV-1 replication within these cells may contribute significantly to the cofactor effect of confections on HIV-1 pathogenesis. (lww.com)
- We are interested in the genomic organisation, diversity & evolution of HIV-1 and their consequences on pathogenesis, drug resistance, latency, and transmission. (usz.ch)
- Our current research projects comprise investigations on (1) the evolution of HIV-1 and the mechanisms of viral escape from the selective pressure of antiretroviral drugs (2) identifying factors underlying latency and the impact of HIV-1 integration sites on pathogenesis, and (3) the development of gene therapy approaches to combat HIV-1. (usz.ch)
Diagnosis2
- Efforts should be made to understand the context of HIV testing, diagnosis, and care within specific cultural and societal norms. (cdc.gov)
- In 2020, 30,635 people received an HIV diagnosis in the United States. (ncfh.org)
20204
- 3 The federal government recognizes just 1 ethnic group in its classification system: according to the 2010 and 2020 Census, "Hispanic or Latino" is defined as "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. (psychiatrictimes.com)
- 3] See Table 1 below for a breakdown of new HIV cases in 2020. (ncfh.org)
- 14] The majority of new HIV cases in 2020 among Latinos occur among men, and specifically 77% among men having male-male sexual relations. (ncfh.org)
- Global burden of HPV-attributable squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in 2020, according to sex and HIV status: A worldwide analysis. (who.int)
Assay3
- HIV-1 viral load was measured by using the Versant HIV-1 RNA 3.0 assay (bDNA, Bayer, Pittsburgh, PA, USA). (cdc.gov)
- We designed a new real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR assay) (INT-O), which we compared with our previous version, LTR-O, and with the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 kit. (scienceopen.com)
- This assay is cheap and suitable for use in areas in which strains of HIV-1 groups M and O cocirculate. (scienceopen.com)
Subtypes3
- Genotyping was successful in 103 of 127 women, 59 (57.3%) of whom were infected with clade B HIV-1, and 44 (42.7%) with nonclade B viruses, including subtypes A, C, D, F, G, and H. Four sequences remained unassigned. (cdc.gov)
- Here we describe two IMCs derived from subtypes C and CRF01_AE HIV-1 primary isolates expressing LucR (IMC.LucR) that were engineered to express heterologous gp160 Envs. (plos.org)
- HIV-1 groups M, N, and O are believed to have arisen as 3 separate cross-species transmissions from chimpanzees, and each of the HIV-2 subtypes A-G was the result of independent transmissions from sooty mangabeys ( Cercocebus atys ) to humans. (cdc.gov)
Individuals15
- Given that census population sizes of HIV-1 within individuals are much greater than the inverse mutation rate, every possible single point mutation in the viral genome occurs each generation. (bioone.org)
- Being able to accurately measure HIV persistence in ART-treated individuals is necessary for monitoring the response to ART, as well as the effectiveness of curative interventions aimed at HIV remission. (biomedcentral.com)
- All HIV-infected individuals should receive culturally sensitive and appropriate counseling in their primary spoken language. (cdc.gov)
- Appropriate referral for care, treatment, and preventive services should be made for all individuals confirmed to be HIV-infected. (cdc.gov)
- A reduced tendency of alpha diversity and significantly higher beta diversity were found in HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to HIV-1-negative controls. (frontiersin.org)
- Furthermore, microbial shift in HIV-1-infected individuals was found to be associated with changes in microbial virulome and resistome. (frontiersin.org)
- These individuals were diagnosed with HIV-associated dementia, and no participant was taking ART at the time of death. (natap.org)
- Altogether, the CSF captures the majority of the genotypic and phenotypic properties of HIV-1 in the CNS of individuals with HAD. (natap.org)
- HIV-1 has worldwide distribution, while HIV-2 is more frequently detected in individuals from African countries ( 4 ). (scielo.sa.cr)
- In this project, we will investigate in detail low level virus replication and clonal expansion of persistently HIV-1 infected cells from HIV-1 infected individuals, two potential driving forces of viral reservoir stability. (usz.ch)
- This may subsequently lead to transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 to the uninfected, diminishing future ART options for these individuals. (usz.ch)
- 1 Similarly, the unemployment rate and the percentage of individuals living at or below the poverty level are higher for Hispanics as compared with non-Hispanic Whites. (psychiatrictimes.com)
- UK - Launching in November 2023, Positive+1 is a new social network designed as a secure space where individuals living with, affected by, or working with HIV can connect, access valuable resources and build meaningful connections. (lsnglobal.com)
- Antiretroviral Medication Adherence and Amplified HIV Transmission Risk Among Sexually Active HIV-Infected Individuals in Three Diverse International Settings. (umassmed.edu)
- Thirty-seven million individuals are currently infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. (lu.se)
Prevention4
- Challenges in the design of HIV prevention trials in the United States. (umassmed.edu)
- Depression and Incident HIV in Adolescent Girls and Young Women in HIV Prevention Trials Network 068: Targets for Prevention and Mediating Factors. (umassmed.edu)
- The Potential Impact of One-Time Routine HIV Screening on Prevention and Clinical Outcomes in the United States: A Model-Based Analysis. (umassmed.edu)
- Does Partner Selection Mediate the Relationship Between School Attendance and HIV/Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa: An Analysis of HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 Data. (umassmed.edu)
Antiretroviral therapy among1
- Differences in virologic and immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1-infected infants and children. (umassmed.edu)
Suppress HIV replication1
- Although antiretroviral therapy is able to suppress HIV replication in infected patients, the virus persists and rebounds when treatment is stopped. (biomedcentral.com)
Human Immun7
- Forensic microbiology is a scientific area that has emerged with the need to investigate biocrimes, as in the case of intentional transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (scielo.sa.cr)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a deadly virus that is a major health threat to the United States population and has also become a global health issue. (ncfh.org)
- An effective vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 has so far been elusive. (caltech.edu)
- The history should be carefully taken to elicit possible exposures to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (medscape.com)
- Genome layout of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2. (medscape.com)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus. (msdmanuals.com)
- Over the last several decades the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and the increasing use of immunosuppressive drugs for serious medical conditions have dramatically increased the number of persons who are severely immunocompromised. (medscape.com)
Susceptibility2
- Despite related susceptibility to maraviroc, the many phenotypic algorithms didn't forecast CXCR4 usage predicated on the V3 Env sequences of group O HIV-1 isolates. (bio-cavagnou.info)
- Examine the role of host genetic factors, including epigenetic mechanisms in regulating susceptibility to HIV-1 associated CNS dysfunction. (nih.gov)
20214
- Dec. 9, 2021 An experimental HIV vaccine based on mRNA -- the same platform technology used in two highly effective COVID-19 vaccines -- shows promise in mice and non-human primates, according to scientists. (sciencedaily.com)
- Out of the 893,260 patients served by Migrant Health Centers in 2021, 1,017 were diagnosed with HIV. (ncfh.org)
- In 2021, approximately 1.5 million people were newly infected with HIV, of whom approximately 860,000 (57%) were in sub-Saharan Africa. (msdmanuals.com)
- Among people living with HIV in 2021, approximately 85% knew their HIV status and 75% were accessing treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
Screening8
- Current CDC guidelines for the United States recommend HIV screening in health-care settings for all persons 13-64 years of age 1 . (cdc.gov)
- With such notification, consent for HIV screening should be incorporated into the patient's general informed consent for medical care on the same basis as other screening or diagnostic tests. (cdc.gov)
- All refugee women who are pregnant should undergo routine HIV screening as part of their post-arrival and prenatal medical screening and care. (cdc.gov)
- Licensure of the HIV-2 EIA raised the possibility of routine donor screening for HIV-2. (cdc.gov)
- However, after public discussion at the FDA Blood Products Advisory Committee meeting in March 1990, FDA decided not to recommend routine anti-HIV-2 screening of blood donated for transfusion. (cdc.gov)
- These tests permit simultaneous testing for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 without increasing the number of screening tests performed by blood banks. (cdc.gov)
- Screening for HIV in health care settings: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians and HIV Medicine Association. (medscape.com)
- Can we increase the cervical cancer screening interval with an HPV test for women living with HIV? (who.int)
Vaccines3
- Researchers have now generated an efficient algorithm to develop vaccines that cope with the diversity of HIV or other variable pathogens. (sciencedaily.com)
- David Nickle et al present here an efficient algorithm to develop vaccines that cope with the diversity of HIV or other variable pathogens. (sciencedaily.com)
- Standardized assays to assess vaccine and antiviral drug efficacy are critical for the development of protective HIV-1 vaccines and drugs. (plos.org)
Strains2
- These short-length immunogens are potentially useable in a vaccine, as they reflect the diversity of features in HIV-1 strains. (sciencedaily.com)
- Phylogenetic evidence shows that HIV-1 and HIV-2 were introduced into humans through independent cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains from distinct, naturally infected, nonhuman primate (NHP) hosts. (cdc.gov)
Interventions1
- WHO has prepared guiding principles for organizing sustained field interventions for feeding and care of infants and young children at all stages of emergency response.1 The guiding principles complement training modules which prepare emergency-relief staff on appropriate infant feeding.2 WHO is also drawing up norms and standards for use in emergency nutrition response while contributing to joint assessment and planning activities. (who.int)
Impairment1
20161
- From 2016 to 2019, HIV diagnoses decreased 8% overall. (ncfh.org)
Clinical2
- Basic and clinical research institutions in Germany are increasingly involved in HIV vaccine development. (aerzteblatt.de)
- Given this heterogeneity, clinicians should embrace such diversity, recognizing the clinical importance of providing respectful subgroup-specific care ( Table 1 ). (psychiatrictimes.com)
Genomic2
- To test hypotheses about the early establishment of HIV-1, we will carve a genomic window into the past epidemic history of the virus by integrating molecular work on archival samples from Central Africa and on samples representative of the current HIV-1 diversity, with the development of ancestral recombination graphs that accommodate dated tips and spatial diffusion, as well as population dynamic models that incorporate epidemiological information. (europa.eu)
- Dr. Nelson is the Head of the Bioinformatics Group at the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute. (hstalks.com)
Incidence2
- The effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV incidence in young women in rural South Africa (HPTN 068): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. (umassmed.edu)
- Improvements in the HIV care continuum needed to meaningfully reduce HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in Baltimore, US: a modelling study for HPTN 078. (umassmed.edu)
Vaccine design1
- 2007) Coping with viral diversity in HIV vaccine design. (sciencedaily.com)
Replication4
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV-1 replication but does not eradicate the virus. (biomedcentral.com)
- 98%) is thought to be derived from short-lived lymphocytes ordinarily [ 11,12 ], HIV-1 replication within the macrophage reservoir is increased during mycobacterial and Pneumocystis carinii coinfections [ 13-15 ]. (lww.com)
- HIV-1 RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can occasionally be genetically distinct from virus in the blood, indicating that the CNS can serve as a site for independent viral replication. (natap.org)
- However, the source of HIV-1 in the CSF from within the CNS is unknown and thus the sites of viral replication, and sites of potential reservoirs, remain to be determined. (natap.org)
Centers1
Immunopathogenesis1
- Gut microbiome plays a significant role in HIV-1 immunopathogenesis and HIV-1-associated complications. (frontiersin.org)
Sensitivity1
- Reduced level of sensitivity of group O HIV-1 to integrase or NNRTIs experienced no regards to replicative fitness. (bio-cavagnou.info)
Persistence2
- This thematic series in Retrovirology contains a collection of review articles that describe traditional and novel methods of quantitation of HIV persistence in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
- Among the different markers of HIV persistence in infected cells, total HIV DNA is to date the most widely used. (biomedcentral.com)
Isolates2
- IC50 ideals for access and nucleoside invert transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) had been related for group O and M HIV-1 isolates. (bio-cavagnou.info)
- Group O HIV-1 isolates had been 10-fold less delicate to EVG inhibition than group M HIV-1. (bio-cavagnou.info)
Envelope1
Detection1
Patients1
Living with HIV5
- These very attractive qualities are shared by the ten people Queerty believes are among the sexiest gay men living with HIV today-and there are a lot, a lot , from which to chose. (queerty.com)
- Hussain is not only a student at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law, but also writes prolifically about living with HIV and being Muslim. (queerty.com)
- He came out as someone living with HIV during a 1995 Oprah interview. (queerty.com)
- He is widely considered among the leading voice in the world today on the rights of those living with HIV. (queerty.com)
- Approximately 25.6 million (about 67%) of people living with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa. (msdmanuals.com)
Proviruses2
Neuropathogenesis1
Viral load1
- Performance of a high-throughput next-generation sequencing method for analysis of HIV drug resistance and viral load. (umassmed.edu)
Elusive1
- The development of a vaccine against HIV has been a global health priority since the mid-1980s, but, to this day, a successful vaccine remains elusive. (fredhutch.org)
Serologic2
- Inclusion criteria were 1) age ≥18 years, 2) a request for prenatal care, 3) positive HIV-1 serologic results, and 4) informed consent. (cdc.gov)
- HIV-1 serologic status was determined by using the AxSYM HIV 1/2 gO method (Abbott Diagnostics, Wiesbaden, Germany) and confirmed by Western blot. (cdc.gov)
Results2
- Reverse transcription of HIV-1 results in the generation of a linear cDNA that serves as the precursor to the integrated provirus. (biomedcentral.com)
- These results claim that in areas where HIV-1 group O is definitely endemic, 1st collection treatment regimens merging two NRTIs with RAL might provide even more sustained virologic replies than the regular regimens regarding an NNRTI or protease inhibitors. (bio-cavagnou.info)
Foram3
- Participaram da pesquisa 80 crianças dos 6 aos 13 anos que foram divididas em dois grupos: 20 HIV+ (grupo 1) e 60 HIV- (grupo 2). (bvsalud.org)
- As crianças entrevistadas apresentaram padrões de qualidade de vida satisfatórios, enquanto que em relação à saúde bucal, as com HIV foram consideradas prejudicadas quando comparadas com as não infectadas. (bvsalud.org)
- Verificou-se que suas crenças sobre o HIV foram construídas em interação com seus pares e seus provedores de serviços de saúde. (bvsalud.org)
Reservoir3
- HIV-1 forms a reservoir that persists despite prolonged therapy and is considered the main barrier to an HIV cure. (biomedcentral.com)
- The identification of the most appropriate marker to measure reservoir size has been a great challenge for the HIV field. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cell-associated (CA) HIV RNA has received much attention in recent years as a surrogate measure of the efficiency of HIV latency reversion and because it may provide an estimate of the viral reservoir size. (biomedcentral.com)