• Three of the genes (NRXN1-3) utilize two alternate promoters and include numerous alternatively spliced exons to generate thousands of distinct mRNA transcripts and protein isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alternative splicing of this gene generates four transcript variants, which encode four different isoforms with distinct C-termini but having similar ligand binding properties. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes the CD8 alpha chain isoforms. (wikidoc.org)
  • Two alternative transcripts encoding distinct isoforms, one membrane associated and one secreted, have been identified. (wikidoc.org)
  • Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. (thermofisher.com)
  • Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Epitope mapping of new monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct human FcRII (CD32) isoforms. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Although GABA activates synaptic (αβγ) GABA A receptors with high efficacy, partial agonist activation of αβγ isoforms and GABA activation of the primary extrasynaptic (αβδ) GABA A receptors are limited to low-efficacy activity, characterized by minimal desensitization and brief openings. (jneurosci.org)
  • The convergence of fibrogenic and estrogen receptor signaling pathways: a target for multi-walled carbon nanotube s. (cdc.gov)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The non-specific lethal complex regulates genes and pathways genetically linked to Parkinson's disease. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, different cell types exhibit preference for specific metabolic pathways (fatty acid oxidation/FAO, glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation/OxPhos). (upenn.edu)
  • Furthermore, we analyzed differential gene expression profiles related to each vaccine delivery group and found that tissue stress, T cell receptor signaling, and NFB signaling pathways were activated in all groups. (cdc.gov)
  • The goal of our search was to identify publications describing the role of specific genes, gene signatures, or molecular pathways and their effects in response to environmental exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • We demonstrated an incorporation of two alpha 3 subunits in approximately 98% of plasma membrane receptor pentamers, indicating a 2/3 subunit expression ratio of alpha 3 to beta 4 alone or to coexpressed beta 4 and alpha 5. (rti.org)
  • Whereas alpha 5 subunit expression decreased the cell calcium response to nicotine and reduced plasma membrane receptor number, it partially protected receptors from nicotine mediated desensitization. (rti.org)
  • Targeted disruption of the GABA(A) receptor delta subunit gene leads to an up-regulation of gamma 2 subunit-containing receptors in cerebellar granule cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cerebellar granule cells express abundantly six subunits belonging to four subunit classes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we studied the composition of cerebellar GABA(A) receptors after targeted disruption of the delta subunit gene. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Immunoaffinity chromatography of cerebellar extracts indicated there was an increased coassembly of alpha(6) and gamma(2) subunits and that 24% of all receptors in delta-/- cerebellum did not contain a gamma subunit. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Because 97% of delta subunits are coassembled with alpha(6) subunits in the cerebellum of wild-type mice, these results indicated that, in delta-/- mice, alpha(6)betagamma(2) and alphabeta receptors replaced delta subunit-containing receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The availability of the delta subunit, thus, influences the level of expression or the extent of assembly of the gamma(2) subunit, although these two subunits do not occur in the same receptor. (ox.ac.uk)
  • IL-6 exerts its action via a cell surface receptor which consists of two subunits, an 80 kDa ligand binding subunit (gp80) of 468 amino acids and a 130 kDa signal transducing protein (gp130) of 896 amino acid residues. (thermofisher.com)
  • This gene encodes a subunit of the interleukin 6 (IL6) receptor complex. (thermofisher.com)
  • The IL6 receptor is a protein complex consisting of this protein and interleukin 6 signal transducer (IL6ST/GP130/IL6-beta), a receptor subunit also shared by many other cytokines. (thermofisher.com)
  • The unusual sensitivity of αβδ receptor channels to neurosteroid modulation prompted investigation of whether this high sensitivity was dependent on the δ subunit or the low-efficacy channel function that it confers. (jneurosci.org)
  • We suggest that neurosteroids preferentially enhance low-efficacy GABA A receptor activity independent of subunit composition. (jneurosci.org)
  • Many GABA A receptor modulators exhibit clear subunit selectivity ( Olsen and Macdonald, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The CHRNB2 gene provides instructions for making one part (subunit) of a larger protein called a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The CHRNB2 gene is responsible for producing the β2 subunit. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Neurexins are a family of proteins that function in the vertebrate nervous system as cell adhesion molecules and receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neurexins are presynaptic membrane cell-adhesion molecules that bind primarily to neuroligins, proteins that have been associated with autism. (wikipedia.org)
  • IL-1 is a name that designates two proteins, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, that are the products of distinct genes, but recognize the same cell surface receptors. (rndsystems.com)
  • Both proteins are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to stimuli such as those produced by inflammatory agents, infections, or microbial endotoxins. (rndsystems.com)
  • There are 3 alpha-1-AR subtypes: alpha-1A, -1B and -1D, all of which signal through the Gq/11 family of G-proteins and different subtypes show different patterns of activation. (nih.gov)
  • Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) comprise a family of at least eighteen structurally realted proteins that are involved in a multitude of physiological and pathological cellular processes, including cell growth, differentation, angiogenesis, wound healing and tumorgenesis. (prospecbio.com)
  • Membrane proteins implicated in long-chain fatty acid uptake by mammalian cells: CD36, FATP and FABPm. (springer.com)
  • Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
  • Moreover, distinct types of N-glycans on specific N-glycosylation sites regulate DMA-1/LRR-TM receptor function, which, together with three other extracellular proteins, forms the Menorin adhesion complex. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In Omenn syndrome, the mutated RAG-1 and RAG-2 proteins remain normally distributed in the nucleus of cells. (medscape.com)
  • Both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors also couple to adenylate cyclase via G-proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • whereas dopamine D2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase via G i -proteins ( Sibley and Monsma, 1992 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
  • During elongation and maturation, the phagophore encapsulates damaged proteins and cell organelles. (hindawi.com)
  • In the brain, nAChR proteins are widely distributed and play an important role in chemical signaling between nerve cells (neurons). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The nAChR proteins act as channels, allowing charged atoms (ions) including calcium, sodium, and potassium to cross the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cell proteins were analysed with 2-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (who.int)
  • Image analysis of the matched maps identified 7 proteins that were either over- or down-expressed: activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK), alpha tubulin (×2), prostaglandin f2-alpha synthase, protein disulfide isomerase, vesicular transport protein and a hypothetical protein. (who.int)
  • Transduces a signal that results in the proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation of hematopoietic cells. (cusabio.com)
  • Interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R), also known as CD126 (Cluster of Differentiation 126), is a type I cytokine receptor. (thermofisher.com)
  • Interleukin 6 is a potent pleiotropic cytokine that regulates cell growth and differentiation and plays an important role in the immune response. (thermofisher.com)
  • We used primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and human AML cell lines to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and its role in AML differentiation. (hindawi.com)
  • We found a significantly lower expression of key autophagy- (ATG-) related genes in primary AML as compared to healthy granulocytes, an increased autophagic activity during all- trans retinoic acid- (ATRA-) induced neutrophil differentiation, and an impaired AML differentiation upon inhibition of ATG3, ATG4D, and ATG5. (hindawi.com)
  • They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Autophagy also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, highlighting its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • They can be distinguished by antigen-specific surface receptors and other cell surface molecules called clusters of differentiation (CDs), whose presence or absence define some subsets. (msdmanuals.com)
  • therefore, definitive differentiation of Hürthle cell carcinoma from Hürthle-cell adenoma is based on vascular invasion and/or capsular invasion, as well as on permanent histologic sections or extrathyroidal tumor spread and lymph node and systemic metastases. (medscape.com)
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors regulate the nicotine dependence encountered with cigarette smoking, and this has stimulated a search for drugs binding the responsible receptor subtypes. (rti.org)
  • Cloning of two mouse genes encoding alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes and identification of a single amino acid in the mouse alpha 2-C10 homolog responsible for an interspecies variation in antagonist binding. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Molecular cloning and ligand binding studies have shown the alpha 2 class of adrenergic receptor (alpha 2-AR) to be a family of at least three related subtypes in humans. (aspetjournals.org)
  • To begin this process, we have isolated two mouse genomic clones encoding alpha 2-AR subtypes and expressed these genes in COS-7 cells for binding studies. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors have been identified. (jneurosci.org)
  • Based on different gene expression profiles, subtypes of macrophages (eg, M1, M2), which have different roles in amplifying or limiting the inflammatory response, have been identified. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Studies link a gene cluster encoding for alpha 3 beta 4 alpha 5-D398N nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to lung cancer risk as well as link a second mutation in this cluster to an increased risk for nicotine dependence. (rti.org)
  • The gene is 1,112,187 bases in length, is located on the Crick (minus) strand and encodes a protein of 1,477 amino acids (molecular weight 161.883 kDa). (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor. (nih.gov)
  • Alternatively spliced mRNA encodes a secreted form of human CD8 alpha. (wikidoc.org)
  • HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
  • This gene encodes the beta chain isoform laminin, beta 1. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The parent B.1.243 lineage is a common variant circulating in the United States that was observed in March 2020, early in the pandemic ( Figure , panels A-C). The B.1.243 parent lineage encodes the spike gene D614G substitution but none of the other concerning mutations (Appendix Table 3, Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
  • Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), a pro-fibrogenic cytokine shown to be up-regulated by MWNTs, using a receptor-specific inhibitor blocked the MWNT-induced reduction suggesting a role for TGF-beta1 in mediating the inhibitory effects. (cdc.gov)
  • It has been recognized to be a member of the alpha-helical cytokine family. (thermofisher.com)
  • SARS-CoV mainly infects tissues of non-lymphatic origin, and the cytokine profile of those cells can determine the course of disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we investigated the cytokine response of two human non-lymphatic cell lines, Caco-2 and HEK 293, which are fully permissive for SARS-CoV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data indicate that SARS-CoV suppresses the antiviral cytokine system of non-immune cells to a large extent, thus buying time for dissemination in the host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The outcome of this primary infection can determine the course of disease, and the cytokine response of the infected cell plays a vital part. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viruses, on the other hand, have evolved various mechanisms to counteract the host's cytokine response [ 3 ], and their ability to induce or inhibit cytokine production in infected cells has direct consequences for the balance between host defense and virus propagation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IL-1 RI binds directly to IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta and then associates with IL-1 R accessory protein (IL-1 R3/IL-1 R AcP) to form a high-affinity receptor complex that is competent for signal transduction. (rndsystems.com)
  • IL-1 RII has high affinity for IL-1 beta but functions as a decoy receptor and negative regulator of IL-1 beta activity. (rndsystems.com)
  • The remainder of the extracellular domain however is essential for low affinity ligand binding, which consecutively triggers the association of the receptor and gp130 thus forming a high affinity binding site for IL-6. (thermofisher.com)
  • The interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor alpha (IL2RA) and beta ( IL2RB ) chains, together with the common gamma chain ( IL2RG ), constitute the high-affinity IL2 receptor. (wikidoc.org)
  • Human high-affinity Fc gamma RI (CD64) gene mapped to chromosome 1q21.2-q21.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Mutations of this gene that interrupt its expression have been associated with schizophrenia, autism, and intellectual disability (NRXN1 mutations and brain disorders). (wikipedia.org)
  • Clones were assessed for plasma membrane expression of the individual receptor subunits by mass spectrometry and immunochemistry, and their calcium flux was measured in the presence of a library of kinase inhibitors and a focused library of acetylcholine receptor ligands. (rti.org)
  • With prolonged nicotine exposure, the plasma membrane expression of receptors with and without incorporated alpha 5 increased. (rti.org)
  • BEAS-2Bs were exposed to Mitsui MWNTs and estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene expression was measured by qPCR. (cdc.gov)
  • Results revealed distinct expression profiles where exposure to TGF-beta1 resulted in modulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix organization and cell adhesion by E2. (cdc.gov)
  • Estrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) have distinct functions and differential expression in certain tissues. (rcsb.org)
  • The weak uterotrophic activity of these ligands in immature rats and their ability to stimulate expression of an ERbeta regulated gene in human U2OS osteosarcoma cells provides more physiological evidence of their ERbeta-selective nature. (rcsb.org)
  • Immunocytochemical and Western blot analysis revealed no change in alpha(6) subunits but an increased expression of gamma(2) subunits in delta-/- cerebellum. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This article reviews the current knowledge and experimental research about the mechanisms by which fatty acids and their derivatives control specific gene expression involved during carcinogenesis. (springer.com)
  • Knowledge of the mechanisms by which fatty acids control specific gene expression may identify important risk factors for cancer and provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies for a better management of whole body lipid metabolism. (springer.com)
  • Effect of dietary fatty acids on inflammatory gene expression in healthy humans. (springer.com)
  • Analysis of T-cell receptor gamma chain expression in the thymus. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Analysis of T-cell receptor gamma chain expression in the thymus. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This now enables investigation of how parameters such as clonal expansion relate to gene expression phenotypes [ 28 ], thereby providing novel insights not accessible by bulk sequencing (e.g. (nature.com)
  • RL95-2 endometrial cancer cell line was chosen from four endometrial cancer cell lines (RL95-2, Ishikawa, HEC-1-A, and HEC-1-B) according to EP3 expression level. (oncotarget.com)
  • To investigate the phenotype associated with estrogen receptor alpha (ER) expression in breast carcinoma, gene expression profiles of 58 node-negative breast carcinomas discordant for ER status were determined using DNA microarray technology. (lu.se)
  • By reference to the serial analysis of gene expression database, we found that only a small proportion of the 100 most important ER discriminator genes were also regulated by estradiol in MCF-7 cells. (lu.se)
  • The results provide evidence that ER+ and ER- tumors display remarkably different gene-expression phenotypes not solely explained by differences in estrogen responsiveness. (lu.se)
  • Low PU.1 expression in AML may account for low ATG gene expression in this disease. (hindawi.com)
  • Ectopic expression of a critical dose of hhex led to a greatly enlarged vpp1 -positive domain and, subsequently, to the formation of giant ventral pancreata, putatively by conversion of intestinal to ventral pancreatic precursor cells. (xenbase.org)
  • These observations imply that the human subplate shares gene expression patterns with rodent, but is more compartmentalized into superficial and deep sublayers. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Combining knowledge of cell-type specific subplate gene expression with modern imaging methods will enable a better understanding of neuropathologies involving the subplate. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We found that targeted ablation of blood cells influenced the levels of AMP gene expression in the fat body following both septic injury and oral infection. (cnrs.fr)
  • Expression of the AMP gene drosomycin (a Toll target) was blocked when expression of the Toll ligand Spätzle was knocked down in haemocytes. (cnrs.fr)
  • DAVID was used to perform the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis for the different expression genes (DEGs). (medscimonit.com)
  • This study provides a differential gene expression profile between TMJ fibrous and bony ankylosis. (medscimonit.com)
  • In agreement with its activity as an RNA-binding protein, loss of RBM12 leads to altered gene expression, including that of multiple effectors of established significance within the receptor pathway. (sciety.org)
  • secreted version: antibodies) and T cell receptor (TCR), respectively. (nature.com)
  • B cells' primary function is to develop into plasma cells, which manufacture and secrete antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Within the striatum, CB1 receptors have been shown to be localized on the same neurons as G i -coupled dopamine D2 receptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • In striatal neurons in primary culture, both the CB1 receptor agonist [3-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-11-hydroxy-Δ 8 tetrahydrocannabinol] (HU210) and the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation when applied separately. (jneurosci.org)
  • Pertussis toxin treatment of striatal neurons prevented the inhibition of cAMP accumulation by D2 receptors but unmasked a cannabinoid receptor-mediated stimulatory effect on cAMP accumulation. (jneurosci.org)
  • CB1 receptors have been identified on both subpopulations of medium spiny neurons ( Mailleux and Vanderhaeghen, 1992 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • In rodent, subplate neurons are among the earliest born neocortical cells, whereas in primate, neurons are added to the subplate throughout cortical neurogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we show that a group of neurons in the Drosophila larval brain expresses the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) and controls systemic growth and metabolism through insulin signaling. (cnrs.fr)
  • We utilize two complementary models, HEK293 cells and human iPSC-derived neurons, and delineate RBM12 as a novel repressor of the G protein-coupled receptor/cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (GPCR/cAMP/PKA) signaling axis. (sciety.org)
  • The resulting increase in ion flow across the cell membrane alters the release of neurotransmitters, which changes signaling between neurons. (medlineplus.gov)
  • AMAN-2 functions cell-autonomously to allow for decoration of the neuronal transmembrane receptor DMA-1/LRR-TM with the correct set of high-mannose/hybrid/paucimannose N-glycans. (elsevierpure.com)
  • RBM12 knockdown yielded hyperactive upregulation of NR4A1 and FOS mRNAs, two known CREB-dependent immediate early genes induced by neuronal activity. (sciety.org)
  • Arneric SP, Holladay M, Williams M. Neuronal nicotinic receptors: a perspective on two decades of drug discovery research. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Bertrand S, Weiland S, Berkovic SF, Steinlein OK, Bertrand D. Properties of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutants from humans suffering from autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 4] Porcine skin has been grafted onto burn patients,[5] and pig neuronal cells have been transplanted into patients with Parkinson (Parkinson's) disease and Huntington (Huntington's) disease. (medscape.com)
  • Their regulation may be carried out either through direct binding to DNA as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or via modulation in an indirect manner of signaling pathway molecules (e.g., protein kinase C) and other transcription factors (nuclear factor kappa B and sterol regulatory element binding protein). (springer.com)
  • Treatment of the pertussis toxin-treated cells with cholera toxin before CB1 receptor activation amplified the stimulatory pathway, suggesting that this response was mediated through a G s -type G-protein. (jneurosci.org)
  • Stimulation of cAMP accumulation was not observed after pertussis toxin treatment of CHO cells expressing the human CB2 receptor, suggesting that this novel signaling pathway is unique to the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. (jneurosci.org)
  • d) Identify the liver GDF15 receptor and elucidate its signaling pathway in the liver. (upenn.edu)
  • Use knockout HEK293 cells to verify that RBM12 is novel repressor of the GPCR/cAMP pathway that extends to multiple GPCRs coupled to the stimulatory G protein (e.g. dopamine 1 receptor, beta-2 adrenergic receptor). (sciety.org)
  • Of the genes involved in cell adhesion, Muc15 emerged as a potential target of E2 as Muc15 exhibited a statistically significant (p (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, aman-2/Golgi alpha-mannosidase II, a conserved key enzyme in the biosynthesis of specific N-glycans, regulates the activity of the Menorin adhesion complex without obviously affecting the protein stability and localization of its components. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The gene is found in a single copy on the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p16.3). (wikipedia.org)
  • Family-based whole genome analysis of a family with hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis revealed a homozygous deletion that disrupts CSF2RA, CRLF2, and IL3RA gene in the pseudoautosomal region of the X chromosome in the affected child and one of asymptomatic siblings. (cusabio.com)
  • A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 9. (thermofisher.com)
  • Here, we recovered transcriptome and immune repertoire information for polyclonal T follicular helper cells following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, CD8+ T cells with binding specificity restricted to two distinct LCMV peptides, and B and T cells isolated from the nervous system in the context of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (nature.com)
  • Isolation of T cell clones by limiting dilution from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) permitted functional validation regarding neoantigen specificity. (nih.gov)
  • In vivo and in vitro specificity of protein tyrosine kinases for immunoglobulin G receptor (FcgammaRII) phosphorylation. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • IL-1 is a name that designates two pleiotropic cytokines, IL-1 alpha (IL-1F1) and IL-1 beta (IL-1F2, IL1B), which are the products of distinct genes. (rndsystems.com)
  • IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are potent pro-inflammatory cytokines that induce a wide variety of biological activities on different cell types. (rndsystems.com)
  • The interaction between the GM and intrahepatic immune microenvironment is regulated and stabilized by a complex network of factors including IAg, immune cells, and cytokines. (frontiersin.org)
  • [ 8 ] These abnormal T cells presumably secrete cytokines that promote autoimmune as well as allergic inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Type I interferons (IFN-α/β) are potent, antivirally active cytokines which can be produced by most, if not all, body cells in response to virus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell culture studies, by contrast, did not reveal a clear picture of SARS-CoV-induced cytokines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Activated macrophages kill intracellular organisms and secrete cytokines (eg, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], IL-10). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The type II receptor acts as a decoy target for IL-1, inhibiting IL-1 activities by preventing the binding of IL-1 to the type I receptor. (rndsystems.com)
  • αβγ) of neurosteroid modulation could be reversed by conditions that reversed isoform-specific activity modes, including the use of β-alanine to achieve increased efficacy with αβδ receptors and taurine to render αβγ receptors low efficacy. (jneurosci.org)
  • It is even more intriguing to consider the potential plasticity of allosteric modulation given the observation of agonist-dependent functional properties of GABA A receptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • [ 2 ] Lymphocytosis results from the expansion of an oligoclonal population of activated and antigen-stimulated T helper 2 (T H 2) cells that produce elevated levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 5 (IL-5). (medscape.com)
  • However, Omenn syndrome is now known to occur in other leaky SCIDs with mutations in the RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease, adenosine deaminase, interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor gamma, interleukin 7 (IL-7) receptor alpha, the nuclease ARTEMIS, and DNA ligase 4. (medscape.com)
  • Interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (also called CD25 ) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL2RA gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • They activate mitogenic responses and regulate growth and proliferation of many cells. (nih.gov)
  • Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)
  • Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor 3 (EP3) regulates tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in numerous cancers. (oncotarget.com)
  • Treatment with EP3 antagonists induced upregulation of estrogen receptor β and decreased activity of Ras and led to attenuated proliferation and migration of RL95-2 cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • This Antibody has been shown to inhibit IL-6 mediated proliferation of XG-1 cells, and partially blocks binding of IL-6 to its receptor. (thermofisher.com)
  • In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
  • H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
  • Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors (alpha-1-ARs) are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we show that structurally distinct N-glycans regulate an extracellular protein complex involved in the patterning of somatosensory dendrites in Caenorhabditis elegans. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Characterisation of the extracellular portion of the 80 kDa IL-6 receptor revealed the existence of a single immunoglobulin-like domain in the NH2-terminal of the extracellular region, which does not contribute to ligand binding. (thermofisher.com)
  • Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) must be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs (which specialize in presenting antigens to T cells) to be recognized by CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of their activity and selectivity, we determined the crystal structures of the ERalpha ligand-binding domain (LBD) and a peptide from the glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) coactivator complexed with the ligands OBCP-3M, OBCP-2M, and OBCP-1M. (rcsb.org)
  • The IL-1 receptor type I is a 80 kDa transmembrane protein with demonstrated IL-1 signaling function. (rndsystems.com)
  • Analysis of these receptors identified a conservative Cys201 to Ser201 change in the fifth transmembrane domain of M alpha 2-10H as being responsible for the low affinity of the mouse receptor for yohimbine. (aspetjournals.org)
  • It is a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T cells , activated B cells , some thymocytes , myeloid precursors , and oligodendrocytes . (wikidoc.org)
  • Sequence homology and ligand binding data allow the assignment of one clone (M alpha 2-4H) as the mouse homolog of the human alpha 2-C4 subtype. (aspetjournals.org)
  • So far, the soluble IL-6 receptor is unique in acting as an agonist together with its ligand. (thermofisher.com)
  • volume = {122}, number = {Pt 24}, pages = {4505--4515}, abstract = {In Drosophila, the humoral response characterised by the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the fat body (the equivalent of the mammalian liver) and the cellular response mediated by haemocytes (blood cells) engaged in phagocytosis represent two major reactions that counter pathogens. (cnrs.fr)
  • These studies identify pharmacological tools from two distinct classes of drugs, antagonists and modifiers that are alpha 5 and alpha 5-D398N subtype selective that provide a means to characterize the role of the CHRNAS/A3/B4 gene cluster in smoking and cancer. (rti.org)
  • The other clone (M alpha 2-10H) closely resembles the human alpha 2-C10 subtype in sequence but binds with significantly lower affinity to yohimbine and rauwolscine, members of a distinct class of bulky alpha 2-selective antagonists commonly used to evaluate alpha 2-AR function in vivo. (aspetjournals.org)
  • To define the domain(s) responsible for this unusual binding property, we constructed a series of M alpha 2-10H/human alpha 2-C10 chimeric receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) construct was also shown to be integrated in up to 60 percent of T cells. (businesswire.com)
  • Hit compounds from both libraries suggest the alpha 5 and alpha 5-D398N subunits allosterically modify the behavior of nicotine at the parent alpha 3 beta 4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. (rti.org)
  • These are assembled into a number of distinct receptors, but the regulation of their relative proportions is yet unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we describe the development of homogeneous HEK-293 cell clones of alpha 3 beta 4 and alpha 3 beta 4 alpha 5 receptors appropriate for drug screening and characterizing biochemical and pharmacological properties of incorporated alpha 5 subunits. (rti.org)
  • GABA(A) receptors are chloride channels composed of five subunits. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Each nAChR protein is made up of a combination of five subunits, usually two alpha (α) and three beta (β) subunits. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A diagram showing the major cancer genes for some cancers. (cancerquest.org)
  • ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • The development of CAR T therapies and other genetically engineered cell therapies in recent years has resulted in significant benefits for patients, yet there remains a large unmet need for gene editing systems that can be used to develop novel immunotherapy approaches to treat blood cancers," said Brian C. Thomas, PhD, CEO and Co-Founder of Metagenomi. (businesswire.com)
  • Novel CRISPR-Associated Gene Editing Systems Discovered in Metagenomic Samples Enable Efficient and Specific Genomic Engineering for Cell Therapy Development," three novel gene editing systems were used to make reproducible and efficient edits to human immune cells, demonstrating utility for the next generation of cell therapy development for blood cancers. (businesswire.com)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • This review summarizes the physiological and pathological roles of alpha-synuclein and its implication in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is the most common pediatric neoplasm ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A Hürthle cell neoplasm is defined generally as an encapsulated thyroid lesion comprising at least 75% Hürthle cells. (medscape.com)
  • Low affinity receptor for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. (cusabio.com)
  • Conformational changes in the GM-CSF receptor suggest a molecular mechanism for affinity conversion and receptor signaling. (cusabio.com)
  • Homodimeric alpha chains (IL2RA) result in low-affinity receptor, while homodimeric beta (IL2RB) chains produce a medium-affinity receptor. (wikidoc.org)
  • Results of this work highlight ESR1 and E2 target genes as potential targets of MWNTs in the lung. (cdc.gov)
  • They are encoded by several unlinked genes of which two, NRXN1 and NRXN3, are among the largest known human genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mature human and mouse IL-1 beta share approximately 75% amino acid sequence identity and human IL-1 beta has been found to be active on murine cell lines. (rndsystems.com)
  • Two distinct types of IL-1 receptors have been identified and cloned from human and mouse cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • CD8a ( C luster of D ifferentiation 8a ), is a human gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with LPS and fixed with Flow Cytometry Fixation Buffer (Catalog # FC004) and permeabilized with Flow Cytometry Permeabilization/Wash Buffer I (Catalog # FC005). (rndsystems.com)
  • IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are structurally related polypeptides that share approximately 21% amino acid (aa) identity in human. (rndsystems.com)
  • Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • What's more, as these gene editing systems are taken from environmental samples as opposed to human pathogens, pre-existing immunity is expected to be rare. (businesswire.com)
  • In summary, these novel systems were shown to result in highly efficient and specific gene edits in human immune cells and display the potential for use in cell therapy development. (businesswire.com)
  • His work covers various topics, including B cell responses to viral infection and vaccination, human primary immunodeficiency, and biology of lymphocyte development and function and to elucidate etiology of immunological disorders. (stanford.edu)
  • Cell-type specific and multiscale dynamics of human focal seizures in limbic structures. (medscape.com)
  • Final Report Summary - ALPHA-MAN (Clinical development of Enzyme Replacement Therapy in alpha-Mannosidosis patients using recombinant human enzyme. (europa.eu)
  • Since pharmaceutical interest in this disease is low, two EU-supported projects (EURAMAN and HUE-MAN) within the 5th and 6th framework program, respectively have worked towards developing the recombinant human enzyme (rhLAMAN) as a therapeutic agent for patients suffering from alpha-Mannosidosis. (europa.eu)
  • In line with our plans we have been able to demonstrate the safety and clinical efficacy of rhLAMAN as an effective therapeutic agent for treatment of the human disease alpha-Mannosidosis in clinical trial Phases 1 and 2. (europa.eu)
  • Our results suggest that connective tissue growth factor- and nuclear receptor-related 1-positive cells are two distinct cell populations of the human subplate. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here we demonstrate that the human subplate also expresses α2zinc-binding globulin and Alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein/human fetuin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Crystal structure of the soluble form of the human fcgamma-receptor IIb: a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily at 1.7 A resolution. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Human Fcgamma receptor IIb expressed in Escherichia coli reveals IgG binding capability. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • pendent of those associated with cretory ducts, columnar epithelia the KRAS gene is more frequent- other key mechanistic characteris- lining the gastrointestinal tract and ly mutated in human cancer, which tics of IARC Group 1 carcinogens. (who.int)
  • These studies have not, however, identified distinct subtype-specific functions for these receptors in vivo. (aspetjournals.org)
  • It should be possible to extend the analysis of alpha 2-AR subtype function to the animal level through the use of experimental mammalian embryology in mice. (aspetjournals.org)
  • When applied to a mouse model of pediatric mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, we uncovered profound cell type-specific modifications of the cardiac transcriptional landscape at single-nucleus resolution, including changes of subtype composition, maturation states, and functional remodeling of each cell type. (upenn.edu)
  • The alpha-neurexins contain epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) sequences and laminin G domains, and have been shown to interact with neurexophilins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The beta-neurexins lack EGF-like sequences and contain fewer laminin G domains than alpha-neurexins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • A sequence in the beta 1 chain that is involved in cell attachment, chemotaxis, and binding to the laminin receptor was identified and shown to have the capacity to inhibit metastasis. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • This female infant died before bone marrow stem cell engraftment could occur, when varicella became resistant to acyclovir. (medscape.com)
  • In endochondral bone formation, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-expressing RZSCs are the source of growth plate chondrocytes, which give rise to bone-forming osteoblasts as well as bone marrow skeletal stem cells 1 . (nature.com)
  • Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • It stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The two populations also contain different populations of dopamine receptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • We describe the use of antiserum to a carboxy-terminal peptide common to several of the murine gamma chain constant regions and a monoclonal antibody to the murine T3 complex to identify products of this T-cell receptor gene family in a subpopulation of Lyt2-, L3T4- thymocytes. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Jurkat cells were subjected to SDS PAGE followed by western blot with 19272-1-AP (TNFR2 / TNFRSF1B antibody) at dilution of 1:600 incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours. (ptglab.com)
  • Immunofluorescent analysis of Hela cells, using TNFR2 / TNFRSF1B antibody 19272-1-AP at 1:25 dilution and Rhodamine-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (red). (ptglab.com)
  • Although many mutations have little or no consequence on virus fitness, some mutations affect receptor binding or reduce antibody neutralization ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • IL2RA is expressed in most B-cell neoplasms, some acute nonlymphocytic leukemias , neuroblastomas , mastocytosis and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes . (wikidoc.org)
  • Alpha-Mannosidosis is caused by an enzyme defect due to mutations in the gene for lysosomal alpha-Mannosidase (LAMAN) affecting the lysosomal and cellular glycoprotein catabolism with severe consequences for the organism. (europa.eu)
  • FIP1L1-PDGFRA rearrangement has been found in a variety of cell lineages (neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, CD34+ cells, mast cells and even lymphoid) consistent with an origin in an hematopoietic stem cells or early progenitors progenitor (Gotlib and Cools, 2008). (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
  • These ATG genes are highly conserved in mammalian cells, allowing to study their functions also in higher eukaryotes [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. (wikidoc.org)
  • High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain ( IgH ) locus is a recent very efficient technique to monitor minimal residual disease of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). (frontiersin.org)
  • they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Neurexin-1-alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRXN1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Though IL2RA has been used as a marker to identify CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in mice, it has been found that a large proportion of resting memory T cells constitutively express IL2RA in humans. (wikidoc.org)
  • Second messenger signaling bypasses CGRP receptor blockade to provoke migraine attacks in humans. (medscape.com)
  • Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Monocytes migrate into tissues, where over about 8 hours, they develop into macrophages under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Previously, CB1 receptors have been shown to inhibit D1 receptor-mediated cAMP accumulation ( Bidaut-Russell and Howlett, 1991 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The goal of this research is to examine a role for estrogen (E2) in fibrogenic signaling induced by MWNTs in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). (cdc.gov)
  • Other particles may be engulfed by epithelial cells, primarily in the vicinity of the bronchial-alveolar duct junctions, and retained for much longer periods, with gradual removal to lymph nodes. (cdc.gov)
  • IL-1ra functions as a competitive antagonist by preventing IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta from interacting with IL-1 RI. (rndsystems.com)
  • The genes that have been identified to date have been categorized into two broad categories, depending on their normal functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
  • The proto-oncogenes that have been identified so far have many different functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
  • It functions as the receptor for HTLV-1 and is consequently expressed on neoplastic cells in adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia. (wikidoc.org)
  • Moreover, genome instability was attributed to impaired autophagy and several autophagy genes with tumor suppressor functions (e.g. (hindawi.com)
  • Disease-associated genes have diverse functions (e.g. (sciety.org)
  • While much is known about the structure and function of the T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta heterodimer, information has just begun to emerge about the gamma protein, the product of a third rearranging T-cell receptor gene. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Structure/function relationships of Fc gamma receptors in phagocytosis. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Quantitation of Fc gamma RII mRNA in platelets and megakaryoblastic cell lines by a new method of in situ hybridization. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Beta/B.1.351, Gamma/P.1, Delta/B.1.617.2) harbor the E484K mutation in the spike glycoprotein gene ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In the liver, cell types such as hepatocytes, immune cells, and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) interact with each other. (frontiersin.org)
  • Infection by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease , characterized by a reduction in the amount of IL2RA expressed on the surface of immune cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Therefore, the progressive infiltration of immune cells into the infected lungs observed in SARS patients could be due to the production of these chemokines by the infected tissue cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lymphocytic thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder where immune cells attack the thyroid gland and affect thyroid hormone production. (simplenursing.com)
  • Nonetheless, the enhanced myogenesis leads to the formation of an extensive network of contractile myofibers, and this enhanced myogenesis can be conferred upon myogenic cells from clonal populations, such as G8 or C2C12 cells, if they are co-cultured with the limb mesenchymal cells. (biologists.com)
  • The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (wikidoc.org)
  • More than 300 CDs have been identified many of which are absent from lymphocytes but present on other cells of the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)