• Collectively, our results suggest a mutually exclusive role for Ring1B and Suv39h1 in regulating distinct chromatin states at key developmental genes and propose a novel mechanism by which lineage specification can be reinforced during early development. (cnrs.fr)
  • 120 different translocations, resulting in the generation of MLL-fusion proteins encompassing more than 75 different partner genes 5 . (nature.com)
  • The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. (abcam.com)
  • Other genes regulated by DtxR include those that encode proteins involved in siderophore-mediated iron uptake. (rcsb.org)
  • We followed up on one pathway, finding that Set1-dependent H3K4 methylation primarily acts as a gene repressor during multiple stresses, specifically at genes involved in ribosome biosynthesis. (harvard.edu)
  • Set1-dependent repression of ribosomal genes occurs via distinct pathways for ribosomal protein genes and ribosomal biogenesis genes, which can be separated based on genetic requirements for repression and based on chromatin changes during gene repression. (harvard.edu)
  • This loss is accompanied with an increased expression of the histone demethylase Jmjd3 and with the recruitment of the MLL1 protein, and correlates with the expression of the Ink4a/Arf genes. (plos.org)
  • Such three-dimensional organization of chromosomes into spatially distinct domains sheds light on how complex genomes might set specific transcriptional programs to regulate genes individually or as groups of genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among others, PIL5 induces the expression of the genes encoding the two DELLA proteins GA INSENSITIVE 1 (GAI) and REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA). (inrae.fr)
  • The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
  • In particular,the Hes bHLH repressor genes play an essential role in the development of many organs by maintaining progenitor cells and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • The bacterial cell is able to control many protein-coding genes (green lines at bottom) with relatively few controls (yellow and purple lines). (creation.com)
  • 1 It turns out that the bacterial genome has a few high-level instructions that control a few middle-level processes, that in turn control a massive number of protein-coding genes. (creation.com)
  • Since expression of both genes is under the control of the LacI repressor increased protein expression should not be significant enough to account for cell death. (pittstate.edu)
  • Hox proteins finely coordinate antero-posterior axis during embryonic development and through their action specific target genes are expressed at the right time and space to determine the embryo body plan. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HD binding specificity increases by protein-protein interactions with a diversity of cofactors that outline the Hox interactome and determine the transcriptional landscape of the selected target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This plethora of Hox protein-protein interactions clearly points to a Hox-driven transcription process in which every Hox homeoprotein could selectively recruit GTFs to achieve specificity and activate or repress target genes during Drosophila development, although the precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive [ 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The conserved family of Transcription Intermediary Factors (TIF1) proteins consists of key transcriptional regulators that control transcription of target genes by modulating chromatin state. (elifesciences.org)
  • It acts as an activator and repressor of different target genes, for example, in erythroid cells it represses cell proliferation and early hematopoietic genes while activating erythroid genes, yet it is not clear how both of these functions are mediated. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Microarray studies of human cells show that more than 100 genes carry a distinct VDRE located in their promoters. (liquorrs.com)
  • The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-VDR complex binds to these genes, resulting in the recruitment of hnRNP C1/C2 and other proteins that can compete with the repressors and initiate transcription. (liquorrs.com)
  • They are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in plants, metazoans, and mammals, and are predicted to control the activity of 30% of all protein-coding genes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protein is a transcription factor, which means it helps regulate the activity of other genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Specifically, the forkhead box G1 protein acts as a transcriptional repressor, turning off (repressing) the activity of certain genes when they are not needed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A substantial portion of the regulatory interactions in the higher eukaryotic cell are mediated by simple sequence motifs in the regulatory segments of genes and (pre-)mRNAs, and in the intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Yin et al identified a novel fusion between RARA and the interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2 ( IRF2BP2 ) genes. (medscape.com)
  • It has therefore been proposed that the oncogenic activity of MLL-fusion proteins depends on chromatin targeting functions exerted by the MLL N-terminus in combination with other functional properties encoded by the fusion partners 6 . (nature.com)
  • Such computational approaches reinforce the idea of a linkage between epigenetically marked chromatin domains and their segregation into distinct compartments at the megabase scale or topological domains at a higher resolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using a biotinylation tagging/proteomics approach in erythroid cells, we describe distinct GATA-1 interactions with the essential hematopoietic factor Gfi-1b, the repressive MeCP1 complex and the chromatin remodeling ACF/WCRF complex, in addition to the known GATA-1/FOG-1 and GATA-1/TAL-1 complexes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • While activators have been extensively characterized, repressors are less well studied: the identities and properties of their repressive domains (RDs) are typically unknown and the specific co-repressors (CoRs) they recruit have not been determined. (sdbonline.org)
  • The highly divergent C-terminal half of MEF2 proteins has been suggested to modulate their transcriptional activity17 18 The spectrum of targets activated by MEF2 transcription factors in different cell types is dependent on association with specific co-repressors and co-activators in response to multiple signaling pathways17. (researchassistantresume.com)
  • 2006) Senseless physically interacts with proneural proteins and functions as a transcriptional co-activator. (forth.gr)
  • Previously, we showed that BNYVV p25 virulence factor interacts with BvIAA28, a transcriptional repressor acting at early stages of LR initiation. (ifz-goettingen.de)
  • However, it was not clear whether p25 interacts with other Aux/IAA proteins. (ifz-goettingen.de)
  • Here, by adopting bioinformatics, in vitro and in vivo protein interaction approaches we show that p25 interacts also with BvIAA2 and BvIAA6. (ifz-goettingen.de)
  • Moreover, we show that the Polycomb protein BMI1 interacts with CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (plos.org)
  • Rather than overlapping functions as previously suggested, we show that RGA and GAI play distinct roles in seed germination, and that GAI interacts with DAG1 in embryo development. (inrae.fr)
  • Also, since BCL6 interacts with several co-repressor complexes to inhibit transcription, and its gene is frequently trans-located and hyper-mutated in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), miR-155 acts to enhance transcription and contribute to the pathogenesis of DLBCL. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some proteins, like the lac repressor (LacI), mediate long-range loops that alter DNA topology and create torsional barriers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, we demonstrate that Polycomb proteins and associated epigenetic marks are crucial for the control of the replication timing of the INK4a/ARF locus during senescence. (plos.org)
  • The HDAC inhibitor valproate induces a bivalent status of the CD20 promoter in CLL patients suggesting distinct epigenetic regulation of CD20 expression in. (oncotarget.com)
  • Atomic force microscopy was used to measure transcription elongation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) through these protein complexes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we report Antennapedia (Antp) Hox protein-protein interaction with the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and the formation of novel trimeric complexes with TFIIEβ and Extradenticle (Exd), as well as its participation in transcriptional regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GATA-1 forms distinct activating and repressive complexes in erythroid cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We also show that subsets of GATA-1 gene targets are bound in vivo by distinct complexes, thus linking specific GATA-1 partners to distinct aspects of its functions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • After translation, where is a protein localised, and what complexes should it join? (biomedcentral.com)
  • The rtsC gene encoding the activator protein, which is absent from classical biotype strains but present in El Tor strains, was found in all the tested strains of the El Tor biotype. (cdc.gov)
  • The NF-kappa-B p50-p50 homodimer is a transcriptional repressor, but can act as a transcriptional activator when associated with BCL3. (hmdb.ca)
  • NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. (abcam.com)
  • NFKB2 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NF-kappa-B proteins by p100 and generation of p52 by a cotranslational processing. (cusabio.com)
  • This study used Drosophila melanogaster wing vein and scutellar bristle development to screen Rab proteins predicted to be substrates for ICMT ( Ste14 in flies). (sdbonline.org)
  • Screening more than 200,000 fragments covering the coding sequences of all transcription-related proteins in Drosophila melanogaster, this study identified 195 RDs in known repressors and in proteins not previously associated with repression. (sdbonline.org)
  • In vertebrates this subfamily contains four proteins: TIF1α/TRIM24, TIF1β/TRIM28, TIF1γ/TRIM33, and TIF1δ/TRIM66, while only one protein, Bonus (Bon), is present in Drosophila , making it an attractive model to understand the conserved functions of TIF1 proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • We assess the effects on expression level, protein stability, intracellular localisation, interaction of the protein with other molecules, as well as using specific assays of protein function. (mpi.nl)
  • The product of this gene belongs to the family of highly homologous synovial sarcoma X (SSX) breakpoint proteins. (nih.gov)
  • The Euryarcheota branch of the Archaea contains histone proteins that are highly homologous to eukaryotic histones. (pittstate.edu)
  • It is more reasonable to suggest that hetero-dimer formation has led to the formation of a functionally distinct protein that is lethal in insignificant amounts (i.e. in the presence of LacR repression as well as PLysS repression). (pittstate.edu)
  • Trp repressor Trp high (trp), repression occurs in na Leadereo attenuator trpE, trpD, trpC and trpB. (ittutoria.net)
  • For example, the phage 186 CI repressor forms a wheel of seven dimers wrapped in DNA with specific binding sites, while phage λ CI repressor dimers bind to two well-separated sets of operators, forming a DNA loop. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hatzis P, Kyrmizi I, Talianidis I. (2006) Mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated disruption of enhancer-promoter communication inhibits hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha expression. (forth.gr)
  • Expression from the human cytomegalovirus major IE promoter, when cloned into the genome of HSV-1 mutants, was also increased by inhibition of protein synthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Activation of the ICP0 promoter was observed when protein synthesis was blocked by alternative agents. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We propose that such reciprocating motion also enables RNAP to break protein-DNA contacts holding RNAP back during promoter escape and RNA chain elongation, facilitating productive transcription in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • The TRpR gene is upstream from the promoter and acts as a repressor of the Trp operon. (ittutoria.net)
  • In contrast to the cell line, in patients valproate treatment resulted in transient recruitment of the transcriptional repressor EZH2 to the CD20 promoter, correlating to an increase of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3. (oncotarget.com)
  • Since inhibitors of protein synthesis are known to activate cellular signal transduction pathways, our findings demonstrate new mechanisms for the regulation of HSV-1 IE gene expression which may be important during latency and reactivation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • All of the proteins and pathways that we're studying are used by this species, even though versions of them are also employed by many other bacterial species as well. (lehigh.edu)
  • BEX proteins have been reported to be involved in transcriptional regulation and signaling pathways in neurodegeneration, cell cycle and tumor growth [ 5 - 8 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • The fusion gene product causes the retinoic acid receptor to bind more tightly to the nuclear co-repressor factor. (medscape.com)
  • Structural analysis of Alr3614 at 1.5 Å resolution revealed that it belongs to the MerR-type transcription factor family but with distinct dimerization and effector-binding domains. (researchsquare.com)
  • The transcription factor DOF AFFECTING GERMINATION1 (DAG1) is a repressor of seed germination acting downstream of the master repressor PHYTOCROME INTERACTING FACTOR3-LIKE 5 (PIL5). (inrae.fr)
  • DtxR requires activation by divalent metals and holo-DtxR is a dimeric regulator with two distinct metal-binding sites per three-domain monomer. (rcsb.org)
  • This creates a monomer of repressor protein, which is inactive. (ittutoria.net)
  • Moreover, it was shown that RDs that contain one of five distinct repressive motifs interact with and depend on different CoRs, such as Groucho , CtBP , Sin3A , or Smrter . (sdbonline.org)
  • We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we contrast the regulatory properties of protein motifs and the regulatory elements of DNA and (pre-)mRNAs, advocating that co-regulation, co-operativity, and motif-driven regulatory programs are common mechanisms that emerge from the use of simple, evolutionarily plastic regulatory modules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In rats, hepatic ketogenic capacity increases rapidly during postnatal development ( 4 ) or fasting ( 5 ) when the mRNA, protein, and activity of HMGCS2 increase in liver ( 6 - 8 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Administration of dibutyryl-cyclic AMP to adult rats increases mRNA, protein levels, and enzymatic activity of HMGCS2 in the liver ( 6, 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Translation is the process of producing a protein using an mRNA sequence. (ittutoria.net)
  • However, although valproate induced expression of CD20 mRNA and protein in the del13q/NOTCH1wt I83-E95 CLL cell line, no such effects were observed in the patients studied. (oncotarget.com)
  • Auxin-mediated degradation of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors stimulates gene regulatory networks leading to LR organogenesis and involves several Aux/IAA proteins acting at distinctive stages of LR development. (ifz-goettingen.de)
  • Isoform p49 is a subunit of the NF-kappa-B protein complex, which stimulates the HIV enhancer in synergy with p65. (cusabio.com)
  • Antibodies bound to the blocking peptide no longer bind to the epitope on the target protein. (affbiotech.com)
  • This causes a conformation in the repressor that allows it to bind to the operator. (ittutoria.net)
  • If tryptophan is not present, the repressor will be in an inactive conformation and can't bind to the operator. (ittutoria.net)
  • de Marcos-Lousa C, P Sideris D, Tokatlidis K. (2006) Translocation of mitochondrial inner-membrane proteins: conformation matters. (forth.gr)
  • The diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) from Corynebacterium diphtheriae regulates the expression of the gene on corynebacteriophages that encodes diphtheria toxin (DT). (rcsb.org)
  • The Protein kinase A (PKA) and Sch9 regulates cell growth as well as lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (scite.ai)
  • This protein regulates calcium absorption as well as bone growth. (liquorrs.com)
  • These findings advance understanding of repressors, their sequences, and the functional impact of sequence-altering mutations and should provide a valuable resource for further studies. (sdbonline.org)
  • DPR and NFJS are considered to be allelic disorders, attributable to mutations on the nonhelical (E1/V1) head domain in the KRT14 gene, with consequent premature termination of protein synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • This alternative secretion system also drives the main mechanism of resistance to an arylomycin-derived SpsB inhibitor, by means of mutations in a putative transcriptional repressor ( cro/cI ) causing over-expression of the ABC transporter. (microbialcell.com)
  • AttenuatorRNA can be divided into four short sequences (1-4), which can create three distinct secondary structures: 2-3, 1-2, and 3-4. (ittutoria.net)
  • NFKB1 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NF-kappa-B proteins by p105 and generation of p50 by a cotranslational processing. (hmdb.ca)
  • Evidence supporting the direct control of the cell cycle by Pc-G proteins in vertebrates came from studies on mouse Bmi1 mutants. (plos.org)
  • Replacing either of the salt-bridge partners with an alanine reduces repressor activity substantially and it has been inferred that the salt bridge could possibly control the wedge angle between the DNA-binding domain and the dimerization domain, thereby modulating repressor activity. (rcsb.org)
  • This protein assembles into a homodimer interacting with DNA through its N-terminal winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) domain and binds an effector molecule through a C-terminal α-helical domain lacking a conserved cysteine. (researchsquare.com)
  • The NF-kappa-B p52-p52 homodimer is a transcriptional repressor. (cusabio.com)
  • Expression from the HSV-1 IE promoters that control synthesis of ICP0 and ICP27 was, unexpectedly, stimulated by inhibition of protein synthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • PCC 7120 led to the overexpression of CRISPR tracrRNA, precursor crRNAs and mRNAs encoding the Cas12k effector protein (all3613) and Tn7-like transposase subunits. (researchsquare.com)
  • Effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on growth factor activation of c- fos , c- myc , and actin gene transcription. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT) methylesterifies C-terminal prenylcysteine residues of CaaX proteins and some RAB GTPases. (sdbonline.org)
  • Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) transcription can be arrested at the immediate early (IE) stage by continuous treatment of cells with inhibitors of protein synthesis, usually cycloheximide, from the time of infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Our results suggest that in young cells Polycomb proteins are recruited to the INK4/ARF locus through CDC6 and the resulting silent locus is replicated during late S-phase. (plos.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen-inducible monokine and is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • She and her team are honing in on studying the structures of some of these proteins and how they interact with copper ions to learn more about how they function within bacterial cells. (lehigh.edu)
  • Our methods test the impact of gene variants on the properties and functions of encoded proteins through the genetic manipulation of human cells that we can grow in the laboratory. (mpi.nl)
  • In our latest studies (not yet published), we are working with gene-editing (CRISPR/Cas9) and human stem cells, differentiating them into distinct types of human neurons and/or brain organoids. (mpi.nl)
  • We present the first comprehensive survey of protein-protein interactions of seven distantly related MLL-fusion proteins. (nature.com)
  • Mutational analysis indicated that interaction of p25 with either BvIAA2 or BvIAA6 requires full-length proteins as even single amino acid residue substitutions abolished the interactions. (ifz-goettingen.de)
  • This is a simple yet powerful experimental approach to investigate such interactions between DNA and proteins as demonstrated by experiments with the lac repressor. (bvsalud.org)
  • These proteins contain a canonical histone fold motif that stabilizes homo- and perhaps hetero-dimeric interactions. (pittstate.edu)
  • Of particular interest are the protein interactions that occur between Hox proteins and general transcription factors (GTF) from the RNA Pol II basal transcription machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cys102 is a key residue of metal site 2 and its substitution into a serine abolishes repressor activity. (rcsb.org)
  • These results confirm the importance of the hinge motion for repressor activity. (rcsb.org)
  • 2021). Heterozygous variants that disturb the transcriptional repressor activity of FOXP4 cause a developmental disorder with speech/language delays and multiple congenital abnormalities. (mpi.nl)
  • Thus, despite binding with high affinity, these repressors are not effective roadblocks to transcription. (bvsalud.org)
  • Affinity and binding kinetics of CPTC-MAPK1-1 antibody and full-length MAPK1 recombinant protein were measured using biolayer interferometry. (cancer.gov)
  • WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. (affbiotech.com)
  • HMGCS2 protein expression is down-regulated preferentially in moderately and poorly differentiated carcinomas. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We have analysed the effect of cycloheximide on IE gene expression with HSV-1 mutants deficient in the production of functional levels of the three major transactivators, the virion protein (VP16) and two IE proteins (ICP0 and ICP4). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Establishment of a rat cell line inducible for the expression of human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene products by protein synthesis inhibition. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Differential dependence of herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene expression on de novo-infected cell protein synthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Over-expression of the ABC transporter overcomes the S. aureus lethality caused by either pharmacologic inhibition or genetic ablation of SpsB, and is associated with secretion of alternatively cleaved proteins [3] [5] (see Figure 2 for a model). (microbialcell.com)
  • MAPK1 protein expression was not detected. (cancer.gov)
  • Protein Array in which CPTC-MAPK1-1 is screened against the NCI60 cell line panel for expression. (cancer.gov)
  • 2006) Secretion by numbers: protein traffic in prokaryotes. (forth.gr)
  • Secretion of proteins into the extracellular environment is crucial for the normal physiology and virulence of pathogenic bacteria. (microbialcell.com)
  • Type I signal peptidase (SPase I) mediates the final step of bacterial secretion, by cleaving proteins at their signal peptide once they are translocated by the Sec or twin-arginine (Tat) translocon. (microbialcell.com)
  • This transporter apparently compensates for SpsB's essential function by mediating alternative cleavage of a subset of proteins at a site distinct from the SpsB-cleavage site, leading to SpsB-independent secretion. (microbialcell.com)
  • We propose that this might be due to the possibility that the tags which are present on the N-terminus of the proteins are buried in a hydrophobic pocket that is formed by the proline-proline tetrad motif which exists in all archaeal histones. (pittstate.edu)
  • Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, speci®c hy- found in narrow minor groove regions in a variety dration patterns seem to play a role in nucleotide sequence recognition by proteins (Otwinowski of oligonucleotide duplexes (Prive et al. (lu.se)
  • Indirect ELISA using CPTC-MAPK1-1 antibody as primary rabbit antibody against full length recombinant MAPK1 protein. (cancer.gov)
  • MAPK1 recombinant protein was coated on the plate and detected using goat anti-rabbit antibody and TMB. (cancer.gov)
  • Families of related leukemia fusion proteins that share genomic and biological properties represent unique opportunities to study how the combination of distinct functional protein modules can drive oncogenic transformation. (nature.com)
  • The decreased protein stability in ΔC suggests that this region also helps MAF1 to avoid being recognized by the proteasomal system. (scite.ai)
  • The enzymatic steps involved in the elongation process are principally the same as those carried out by FAS, but the four principal successive steps of the elongation are performed by individual proteins, which may be physically associated. (wikipedia.org)
  • This new grant will fund Fisher's lab to pursue two primary research directions to shed light on bacterial biochemistry: investigating how these organisms regulate uptake of the essential trace element copper and how different members of a family of bacterial enzymes each catalyze distinct chemical reactions. (lehigh.edu)
  • These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. (nih.gov)
  • Solid evidence, leveraging both in vivo and in vitro studies, reveals the molecular requirements for Bonus' function as a transcriptional repressor, including a key role for sumoylation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Usually, the NOE and NMRD in B-DNA is expected to be less ``integral'' than methods can only provide bounds on the residence water molecules buried inside proteins. (lu.se)
  • In animals, as well as some fungi such as yeast, these same reactions occur on fatty acid synthase I (FASI), a large dimeric protein that has all of the enzymatic activities required to create a fatty acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • MAPK1 full length recombinant protein was amine coupled onto AR2G biosensors. (cancer.gov)
  • Buffer only and biosensors having no recombinant protein were used as references for background subtraction. (cancer.gov)
  • MAPK1 recombinant protein was amine coupled onto a Series S CM5 biosensor chip. (cancer.gov)
  • It has been suggested that many such proteins from bacteria might be possible new drug targets, but at a molecular level many of them still remain mysterious. (lehigh.edu)