• This gene encodes ribosomal protein S4, a component of the 40S subunit. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (nih.gov)
  • The mouse Pitx2 gene encodes three distinct protein isoforms (Pitx2a, b, c), and Pitx2c plays a determinant role in left-right atrium signaling from early somitogenesis onward 5 . (nature.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the Kruppel family of C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor proteins. (novusbio.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the aquaporin family of intrinsic membrane proteins that function as water-selective channels in the plasma membranes of many cells. (antibodies-online.com)
  • FUNCTION: This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • This gene encodes distinct protein isoforms that may be similarly proteolytically processed. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • We also synthesize a library consisting of 70,290 guides targeting all human RefSeq coding isoforms to screen for genes which, upon activation, confer resistance to a BRAF inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
  • When expressed in fibroblasts, the ED isoform exhibited restricted neurotrophin specificity compared with that of the FL receptor. (jneurosci.org)
  • Because of these profound effects on ligand specificity, reverse transcription-PCR was used to understand the expression of the FL and ED receptor isoforms at the level of single neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • In this study, comparison of the ligand specificity of the full-length (FL) and ED receptor isoforms revealed that ED trkB exhibits a more restricted neurotrophin specificity than does FL trkB. (jneurosci.org)
  • Importantly, the identified NSCLC-associated protein isoforms comprise structural variants of proteins that arise from distinct but related mRNAs produced from the same gene through the process of alternative splicing. (tmcnet.com)
  • Notably, discovery and quantification of such protein variants in a complex biological sample requires deep, unbiased interrogation of the proteome at peptide-level resolution. (tmcnet.com)
  • Seer's proprietary engineered nanoparticles deliver reproducible performance across samples, labs, and experiments, providing peptide level information that is key to identifying protein variants. (tmcnet.com)
  • due to alternative slicing, "Alternatively spliced isoforms,,, appear to behave as if encoded by distinct genes rather than as minor variants of each other. (uncommondescent.com)
  • Widespread Expansion of Protein Interaction Capabilities by Alternative Splicing - 2016 In Brief Alternatively spliced isoforms of proteins exhibit strikingly different interaction profiles and thus, in the context of global interactome networks, appear to behave as if encoded by distinct genes rather than as minor variants of each other. (uncommondescent.com)
  • To assess interspecies barriers to transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, we investigated the ability of disease-associated prion proteins (PrP d ) to initiate conversion of the human normal cellular form of prion protein of the 3 major PRNP polymorphic variants in vitro. (cdc.gov)
  • In the absence of a known nucleic acid genome, it has been proposed that the strain-like properties of different TSE agents are encoded by distinct self-propagating conformational variants (conformers) of PrP d ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. (cancerindex.org)
  • Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. (novusbio.com)
  • Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been noted for h ABHD12 . (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the diverse steps in RNA processing, including alternative splicing, which generates fiber-type specific isoforms of structural proteins that confer contractile sarcomeres with distinct biomechanical properties. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Neurons are capable of expressing a surprising diversity of trk receptor structural isoforms that arise via alternative splicing ( Barbacid, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The structural coordinates have been submitted to the Protein Data Bank under accession number 2K7W . (nature.com)
  • Petros, A. M., Olejniczak, E. T. & Fesik, S. W. Structural biology of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. (nature.com)
  • Alternative splicing of the avian trkB receptor generates an extracellular deletion (ED) isoform missing 11 amino acids from the neurotrophin-binding domain of the full-length (FL) receptor. (jneurosci.org)
  • The predominant expression pattern of either FL or ED isoforms in single embryonic DRG neurons establishes the existence of two subpopulations exhibiting differential responsiveness to trkB ligands, indicating that regulated splicing of the extracellular domain of trkB may serve as a mechanism to restrict neuronal responsiveness to the neurotrophins. (jneurosci.org)
  • The predominant human CDKL5 brain isoform is a 9.7kb transcript comprised of 18 exons with a large 6.6kb 3'-untranslated region (UTR). (nih.gov)
  • The predominant isoform in the brain, which we name rCdkl5_1, is orthologous to the human hCDKL5_1 and mouse mCdkl5_1 isoforms and is the most highly expressed isoform across all brain regions tested. (nih.gov)
  • The encoded protein is the predominant aquaporin found in brain. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. (cancerindex.org)
  • Nevertheless, there is a strong correlation between the neurotoxicity caused by prion proteins and the blockade of their normal proteolysis. (mdpi.com)
  • This protein kinase is calcium-independent and phospholipid-dependent. (nih.gov)
  • Glucose transport can be activated in skeletal muscle in response to insulin via activation of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase and in response to contractions or hypoxia, presumably via activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • This most likely occurs from defects in postreceptor insulin signal transduction at the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase ( 6 - 9 ) as well as defects in trafficking and/or function of GLUT4 ( 10 , 11 ), the major insulin-regulated GLUT isoform expressed in skeletal muscle ( 12 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. (cancerindex.org)
  • Additionally, we detected increased levels of active glycogen synthase kinase 3 β, a physiological kinase of TAU, in neurons derived from AD iPSCs, as well as significant upregulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) synthesis and APP carboxy-terminal fragment cleavage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • FYN is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. (thermofisher.com)
  • Here we report a role for the phylogenetically ancient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in mouse sex determination. (plos.org)
  • The byg mutation is an A to T transversion causing a premature stop codon in the gene encoding MAP3K4 (also known as MEKK4), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. (plos.org)
  • This mutant, which we called boygirl ( byg ), was shown to contain an early stop codon that disrupts the autosomal gene encoding MAP3K4, a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. (plos.org)
  • PP1 is a serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase known to be involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell division, glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility, protein synthesis, and HIV-1 viral transcription. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • ABHD12 is a 398-aa protein, with serine hydrolase activity. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Substitution of Val 113 in Sendai virus (SeV) M protein generates non-functional polypeptides, characterized by their exclusion from virus particles and by their ability to interfere with virus particle production. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • These different isoforms vary in their affinity to ligands, distribution throughout the body, and cofactors proteins they bind to. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Differential targeting of prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins by their BH3-only ligands allows complementary apoptotic function. (nature.com)
  • This protein suppresses osteoblast differentiation, and negatively regulates bone density, by modulating TGF-beta receptor availability to other ligands. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • A synthetic view from these experiments would suggest that gene expression is not randomly distributed along chromosomes, that variations in mRNA and protein expression within a single species result from a surprising balance between polymorphisms acting in cis and polymorphisms acting in trans to the regulated gene, and consequently that relatively few adaptive changes could have major impacts in remodeling gene expression patterns over the course of evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Four isoforms of DMT1 have been identified in mammalian cells encoded by a single gene that differ both in their N- and C-terminal sequences with two mRNA isoforms possessing an iron response element (IRE) motif downstream from the stop codon on the message. (cdc.gov)
  • A central event in neuropathogenesis of TSEs is conversion of the normal cellular form of the prion protein (PrP C ) to the pathognomonic disease-associated isoform (PrP d ) ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The 14-3-3 (YWHA) proteins are homologous, ubiquitous, and conserved in most organisms ranging from plants to animals and play important roles in regulating key cellular events such as cell signaling, development, apoptosis, etc. (bepress.com)
  • The human cellular prion protein (PrP C ) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane glycoprotein with two N-glycosylation sites at residues 181 and 197. (mdpi.com)
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive, invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorder believed to be caused by an abnormal isoform of a cellular glycoprotein known as the prion protein. (cdc.gov)
  • Actin, a crucial protein involved in various cellular functions, has predominantly been studied using actin synthesized from muscle cells. (upstate.edu)
  • Cellular localization and developmental changes of the different isoforms of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in the inner ear of rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Results reveal that all three isoforms of DMT1 are selectively expressed in different cell populations within the cochlea and, additionally, demonstrate their cellular and subcellular distribution changes with development. (cdc.gov)
  • However, some prefibrillar oligomers of amyloidogenic proteins have direct cellular toxicity, an important component of disease pathogenesis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Nonetheless, the mechanisms moderating splice isoform options remain unclear. (aging-us.com)
  • New exonic regions, splice sites and UTRs are described, confirming the presence of four distinct transcript isoforms. (nih.gov)
  • Scientists from Seer in collaboration with Luis Diaz, M.D. from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center found previously unknown associations between four protein isoforms and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression, constituting potential novel, disease-relevant biomarkers, or therapeutic targets. (tmcnet.com)
  • Further research is necessary to validate the utility of these protein isoforms as novel biomarkers for NSCLC, or even new therapeutic targets. (tmcnet.com)
  • Different protein isoforms can have distinct roles in biology, influencing disease predisposition and progression. (tmcnet.com)
  • Sequence-specific RNA-Binding Protein CPEB3 has distinctive isoform-distinct biochemical interactions and neuronal development assembly roles. (aging-us.com)
  • Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have been shown to play important roles in various physiological processes, including plant growth and development, abiotic and biotic stress responses and plant hormone signaling in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In my laboratory researchers are examining the roles played by axonal cytoskeletal proteins in nervous system development, and in the etiology of Alzheimer's and other related neurodegenerative diseases. (uml.edu)
  • By examining the differences in behavior between isoforms, scientists hope to gain a better understanding of their distinct roles in various cells and diseases. (upstate.edu)
  • Our previous study has shown that CCAAT-enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is an important regulator in METH-induced neuronal autophagy and apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Analysis of myofibrillar isoforms showed that levels of troponin-T 1 (TnT 1 ), a 55 kDa isoform expressed in slow-tonic (S 2 ) fibres, were correlated with synaptic properties. (biologists.com)
  • Meat tenderness may be influenced by the breakdown of myofibrillar structure protein due to postmortem proteolytic activity. (hindawi.com)
  • Much research has been focused on determining the contribution of various myofibrillar proteins to meat tenderness. (hindawi.com)
  • At present, little information is available concerning the effects of pHu on beef quality and myofibrillar protein degradation in Chinese cattle. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings demonstrate that distinct protein isoforms may differentially contribute to diverse biological mechanisms and to the pathogenesis of cancers, potentially paving the road to identify new diagnostic markers or new therapeutic targets," said Dr. Diaz, Head of the Division of Solid Tumor Oncology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. (tmcnet.com)
  • BMP1 is involved in collagen processing, and the short isoform of the protein lacks the ability to release collagen, which could impact the tumor microenvironment. (tmcnet.com)
  • We show that loss of the DNA repair protein XPA markedly augments the synthetic lethality between MK2 and p53, enhancing anti-tumor responses alone and in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy. (nature.com)
  • 14 ] report in BMC Genomics that SAGE tags found in normal brain or brain tumor samples cluster along chromosomes more than would be expected by chance, and that the normal and tumor clusters are distinct from each other. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Distinct functions of macrophage-derived and cancer cell-derived cathepsin Z combine to promote tumor malignancy via interactions with the extracellular matrix. (uni-freiburg.de)
  • RESULTS: The isoforms have varying transcription factor activity, subcellular localisation, and response to the ER-targeting drugs tamoxifen and fulvestrant. (lu.se)
  • In addition, differences in troponin-I isoforms correlated with TnT 1 levels between the proximal, central and distal regions. (biologists.com)
  • The correlation between slow fibre phenotype and strength of innervation suggests a relationship between synaptic structure and expression of troponin isoforms. (biologists.com)
  • However, the skeletal and cardiac subforms for TnI and troponin TnT are distinct, and immunoassays have been designed to differentiate between them. (medscape.com)
  • The 3 isoforms encoded by these genes are not identical, but appear to be functionally equivalent. (wikipedia.org)
  • While there is overlapping genetics, the brains of people with schizophrenia have a distinct lipid profile compared to autism, suggesting that schizophrenia, unlike autism, looks like accelerated aging in the brain. (autismsciencefoundation.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Most cases of early-onset AD are linked to autosomal dominant inherited mutations in the genes encoding amyloid precursor protein ( APP ), presenilin 1 ( PSEN1 ), and presenilin 2 ( PSEN2 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The PRPS1 gene mutations that cause Arts syndrome change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the PRPP synthetase 1 enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This resembles the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in Alzheimer disease (AD), which can be physiologically processed by α-, β-, and γ-secretases. (mdpi.com)
  • Recombinant protein corresponding to amino acid residues 1-206 of murine p59fynprotein. (thermofisher.com)
  • The best developed method available for typing these PrP d isoforms uses limited proteolysis and classification of the protease-resistant prion protein (PrP res ) in terms of the sizes of the nonglycosylated fragment(s) produced and the ratio of the 3 possible glycoforms ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • They have been defined as monotropic integral membrane proteins located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (COX-1) and the perinuclear envelope (COX-2). (medscape.com)
  • Two well-defined pathological hallmarks of AD have been described: the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and the development of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by aggregated hyperphosphorylated TAU protein [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Amyloidosis is any of a group of disparate conditions characterized by extracellular deposition of insoluble fibrils composed of misaggregated proteins. (msdmanuals.com)
  • the amyloidogenic protein is typed using a variety of immunohistologic and biochemical techniques. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for Immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein isoform 1 (SMED30002117) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
  • Expression of Immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein isoform 1 (SMED30002117) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for Immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein isoform 1 (SMED30002117) in cells (dots) of each of the 10 clusters of sub-leathally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • Localized forms of amyloidosis appear to be caused by local production and deposition of an amyloidogenic protein (most often immunoglobulin light chains) within the affected organ rather than by deposition of circulating proteins. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Isoform-specific AMPK activity was measured in skeletal muscle in response to insulin, contraction, or hypoxia. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The troponins are regulatory proteins found in skeletal and cardiac muscle. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to BMP1, the analysis revealed three other protein isoforms with significant diffeential behavior in NSCLC when compared to healthy controls: complement component 4a (C4a), complement component 1r (C1r) and lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB). (tmcnet.com)
  • However, it is difficult to capture the complexity of transcript isoform variance using these libraries, and large cDNA sequences are often difficult to clone into size-limited viral expression vectors. (cdc.gov)
  • The researchers found that the short protein isoform of bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) occurred more frequently in NSCLC patients compared with healthy participants, and with even greater abundance in patients with late-stage cancer, suggesting that this isoform of BMP1 may play a role in NSCLC progression. (tmcnet.com)
  • By monitoring the degradation of these proteins during ageing, researchers have attempted to determine a suitable ageing time to obtain acceptable tenderness [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • and translation, folding, modification, trafficking and degradation of protein), and variation in genes that act in any layer could produce systematic variation in gene expression among individuals in a population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 11. Amsel, A. & Roussel, J. Motivational properties of ences in post-transcriptional processes spark interest in the development of frustration: I. Effect on a running response of the (protein redistribution, degradation), pharmacotherapies that selectively reg- addition of frustration to the motivational com- plex. (lu.se)
  • Two distinct promoter sites regulate production of the 1A or 1B isoforms (translation starts at exon 2) for both the +IRE or -IRE species of the transporter resulting in the generation of four distinct configurations of this protein. (cdc.gov)
  • For amyloidosis to develop, in addition to production of amyloidogenic proteins, there is probably also a failure of the normal clearance mechanisms for such misfolded proteins. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Amyloid fibrils are made of normally soluble misfolded proteins that aggregate into oligomers and then insoluble fibrils. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Each of these isoforms can interact with a plethora of binding partners and has been shown to serve a distinct role in molecular crosstalk, biological processes, and disease susceptibility. (bepress.com)
  • We were concerned that everybody is using rabbit muscle actin because we knew that yeast proteins didn't interact with muscle actin well. (upstate.edu)
  • We further defined groups of genes that best classified the cells parsed into 12 distinct cell clusters to generate a scaled expression heat map of discriminative gene sets for each cluster. (stowers.org)
  • By focusing in on those with co-occurring diagnoses or enriched family history, scientists see distinct cognitive profiles 5 and behavioral features 6 . (autismsciencefoundation.org)
  • Aggregation of VSV M protein is reversible and mediated by nucleation sites: implications for viral assembly. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A number of normal (wild-type) and mutant proteins are susceptible to such misfolding and aggregation (amyloidogenic proteins), thus accounting for the wide variety of causes and types of amyloidosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the developing male (XY) gonad, sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) protein acts to up-regulate expression of the related gene, SOX9 , a transcriptional regulator that in turn initiates a downstream pathway of testis development, whilst also suppressing ovary development. (plos.org)
  • ZNF398 (NP_065832.1, 1 a.a. ~ 90 a.a) partial recombinant protein with GST tag. (novusbio.com)
  • Antibody Reactive Against Recombinant Protein with GST tag on ELISA and Western Blot. (novusbio.com)