• Similar patterning during embryological development can be observed in "basal chordates or ascidians," in which organization of the central nervous system in ascidian larvae are also controlled by fibroblast growth factor genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • These genes crossregulate each other but are differentially required during distinct developmental periods, first in the preotic placode and later in the otic vesicle. (tamu.edu)
  • Previous studies have demonstrated that transcription factors such as Pax genes play important roles during their development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The location specific Wnt signatures are dominated by genes which have been lowly expressed in the tissue of origin, and are the targets of transcription factors that are activated following enhanced Wnt signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the most critical hub genes, transcription factors, signaling pathways, and biological processes (BPs) associated with the pathogenesis of primary SGC. (genominfo.org)
  • Binds directly to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3' acting as an activator on distinct target genes. (csnpharm.cn)
  • Concentration gradients of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family, Member 1 (Wnt1) control expression of Pax-2 during development of the Mesencephalon, or midbrain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Meanwhile, the ureteric bud secretes Wnt-9b and fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), which differentiate the metanephric mesenchyme into pretubular aggregates. (j-organoid.org)
  • Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for the ZO-1 gene. (thermofisher.com)
  • Accordingly, in ecdysozoan and vertebrate model organisms, orthologs of Pax2/5/8 are among others involved in the formation of the midbrain/hindbrain boundary, the auditory/geosensory organ systems, and the excretory system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During vertebrate development, distinct classes of neurons arise at stereotypical locations along the dorsoventral axis of the spinal neural tube. (silverchair.com)
  • Christophorou N, Mende M, Lleras-Forero L, Grocott T, Streit A (2010) Pax2 coordinates epithelial morphogenesis and cell fate in the inner ear. (springer.com)
  • Pathologically, Pax2 has been demonstrated to activate hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene promoter, and both have been indicated as playing a role in human prostate cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] Mutations in the homeobox transcription factor (hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 β) have been described in association with oligomeganephronia. (medscape.com)
  • In characterizing the molecular differentiation of developing peripheral auditory structures, we discovered that hepatocyte growth factor ( Hgf ) is expressed in the future stria vascularis of the cochlear epithelium. (jneurosci.org)
  • SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We found the roles of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling in stria vascularis development for the first time and that lack of HGF signaling in the inner ear leads to profound hearing loss in the mouse. (jneurosci.org)
  • The vulval lineages are of two types, 1 ° and 2 ° , each of which generate distinct sets of progeny. (wormbook.org)
  • No Pax2/5/8 expression was observed in the less centralized CNS of bivalve, polyplacophoran, and gastropod embryos, thus arguing for a loss of Pax2/5/8 involvement in CNS development in these lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regarding vibrational spectroscopy analysis by FTIR, bands related with biomolecules were shown on mPSCs and DKCs spectra, observing distinct differences between cell lineages and maturation stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations within PAX2 have been shown to result in optic nerve colobomas and renal hypoplasia. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, Pax2 is highly expressed in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), Wilms' tumor (WT), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (wikipedia.org)
  • Renal complexity is characterized by several functionally and structurally distinct segments. (j-organoid.org)
  • Transcription factor that coordinates proliferation arrest and the differentiation of myeloid progenitors, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and cells of the lung and the placenta. (csnpharm.cn)
  • Paired box gene 2, also known as Pax-2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PAX2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • these include the LIM domain protein LIN-11 , the Pax2/5/8 protein EGL-38 , the zinc finger protein LIN-29 , and the Nkx6.1/6.2 protein COG-1. (wormbook.org)
  • This protein complex has also been implicated in regulating a number of signaling pathways, including Wnt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), STAT3, cMET, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as well as in the localization and activity of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance (CFTR). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • PAX2 encodes for the transcription factor which appears to be essential in the organization of the midbrain and hindbrain regions, and at the earliest can be detected on either side of the sulcus limitans, which separates motor and sensory nerve nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pax2/5/8 is expressed in regions where sensory cells develop subsequently during ontogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, Pax2/5/8 is expressed in multimodal sensory systems in mollusks such as the esthetes and the ampullary system of polyplacophorans as well as the eyes of cephalopods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pax2/5/8 -expressing cells are present in regions where the future sensory cells such as the polyplacophoran esthetes are situated and hence Pax2/5/8 expression probably predates sensory cell development during ontogeny. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The anterior intermediate mesoderm, which expresses LIM homeobox 1 ( Lhx1 ) and paired box gene 2 ( Pax2 ), develops into the ureteric bud lineage, which forms the ureteric epithelium through branching and growth. (j-organoid.org)
  • However, mutations in the paired-box transcription factor ( PAX2 ) have been seen even in persons with nonsyndromic oligomeganephronia. (medscape.com)
  • Heterozygous PAX2 mutations have been detected in one third of children with oligomeganephronia. (medscape.com)
  • A family history of pancreatic cancer is an essential risk factor [ 20 ], and germline BRCA2 mutations comprise the highest proportion of known reasons for inherited pancreatic cancer [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings provide a way forward in resolving the distinct biology between left- and right-sided human colon cancers with potential clinical relevance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pax2 and Pax8 are also necessary for the formation of the pronephros and subsequent kidney structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transgene expression of the mid-hindbrain and developing kidney is directed by Pax2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pax2 misexpression is frequently observed in proliferative disorders of the kidney. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results, along with those on Otx - and Hox -gene expression, demonstrate that the cephalopod condition is similar to that in mouse and fruit fly, with Otx being expressed in the anterior-most brain region (except for the vertical lobe) and a Pax2/5/8 expression domain separating the Otx -domain from a Hox -gene-expressing posterior brain region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4 Acute hyperglycaemia leads to chronic metabolic and haemodynamic derangements, 5 which trigger chromatin structural changes, transcription factor activation, and gene expression. (emjreviews.com)
  • HER2 is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR/ERBB) family. (iiab.me)
  • The anchor cell induces nearby epidermal precursor cells to generate vulval cells via an epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathway. (wormbook.org)
  • It is also frequently called HER2 (from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ) or HER2/neu . (iiab.me)
  • HER2 is so named because it has a similar structure to human epidermal growth factor receptor, or HER1. (iiab.me)
  • Each cell population has its own distinct developmental features and generates unique cell types. (frontiersin.org)
  • Early life microbial colonization and factors affecting colonization patterns are gaining interest due to recent developments suggesting that early life microbiome may play a role in Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Expression at the MHB from the four-somite stage onwards is directed by the two late enhancers in the proximal and distal regions of Pax2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pax2 expression in these diseases appears fuel cell cycling, inhibit cell death, and confer resistance to chemotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The interstitial stroma, another subcompartment of the metanephric nephron, is characterized by the expression of the transcription factor forkhead box D1 ( Foxd1 ). (j-organoid.org)
  • Pax2/5/8 expression was investigated by in situ hybridization during the development of representatives of the two major molluscan subclades, Aculifera and Conchifera. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A coordinated tempo-spatial expression of transcription factors is required for cell type specification and the differentiation of the three germ layers into distinct organ systems during bilaterian ontogeny [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For inferences concerning the evolutionary conservation versus plasticity of transcription factor expression patterns and their putative roles, a broad comparative approach is imperative. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The central feature of this transcription factor gene family is the conserved DNA-binding paired box domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • In mollusks, Pax2/5/8 is only expressed in derivatives of the ectoderm and hence an ancestral role in molluscan ectoderm differentiation is inferred. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The metanephros originates from the intermediate mesoderm, which expresses odd-skipped related transcription factor 1 ( Osr1 ). (j-organoid.org)
  • The transcription factor gene PAX2 is important in the regionalized embryological development of the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • On day E10.5 of murine development, the metanephric mesenchyme secretes glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). (j-organoid.org)
  • This factor promotes the growth and branching of the ureteric bud. (j-organoid.org)
  • Due to its role in these diseases, Pax2 is an attractive therapeutic target and a number of methods for inhibiting its activity have been investigated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, Pax2/5/8 appears to have been recruited independently into regionalization of non-homologous complex brains of organisms as different as squid, fruit fly, and mouse. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The activation of Pax2, Pax5, and Pax8 is a conserved feature of all vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pax2 along with other transcription factors Pax5, Pax8, En1, and En 2 are expressed across the Otx2-Gbx2 boundary in the mid-hindbrain region. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are three distinct MHB-specific enhancers in the upstream region of Pax2. (wikipedia.org)
  • DN is a complex multifactorial disease caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. (emjreviews.com)
  • PAX2 is believed to be a target of transcriptional suppression by the tumor suppressor gene WT1. (wikipedia.org)