Distal mammalian nephrons. Medical search. Frequent questions

Amiloride blocks the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the late distal tubule, connecting tubule, and collecting duct of the nephron, which both reduces absorption of sodium ion from the lumen of the nephron and reduces excretion of potassium ion into the lumen. (wikipedia.org)
Some people with the Liddle phenotype have Liddle syndrome, which involves a genetic mutation resulting in upregulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), located in the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells in the late distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidney. (wikipedia.org)
Distal tubule d. (studyres.com)
Here, we have compiled gene lists of the acetyltransferases and deacetylases in the mammalian genomes and mapped their mRNA expression along the renal tubule. (bvsalud.org)
Whereas, the volume proportion of the medulla, distal tubule, cortical collecting tubule, medullary collecting duct and thin limb of loop of Henle to whole kidney size was higher than that in arid zone birds (p≤0.001). (slovetres.si)
These CIC-5 channels are predominantly expressed in the proximal tubule and in the intercalated cells of the distal nephron. (medscape.com)
Later, during nephron segmentation, expression becomes restricted to the intermediate tubule region of the proximal-distal axis. (silverchair.com)
have suggested that the pronephric duct as described traditionally may consist of subregions which are analogous to portions of the tubule segment of mammalian and other fish nephrons. (zfin.org)
1992), have reported that NCX localization is restricted to the distal convoluted tubule (Ramachandran and Brunette (1989), Yu et al. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
The S3 segment of the proximal tubule, which maintains the delicate balance between high O 2 demand and low basal O 2 tension in the corticomedullary region, is the portion of the nephron most vulnerable to ischemia (Parker et al. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)

The medullary nephron tubules were arranged sequentially. (slovetres.si)
These include the major components of the glomerulus, proximal and distal tubules, loop of Henle, and collecting duct [ 1 ]. (j-organoid.org)

Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
Normally, activation of the CB 1 receptor regulates renal vascular hemodynamics and stimulates the transport of ions and proteins in different nephron compartments. (degruyter.com)
Using the transporter profiling approach, Dr. McDonough and her colleagues have defined how stimuli such as dietary salts, Ang II, kidney injury, and immune cytokines increase renal sodium transport in a region specific manner along the nephron and how resultant hypertension provokes intrarenal responses to decrease sodium reabsorption (via pressure natriuresis), a response that defines the blood pressure set point in the kidney. (usc.edu)
Overall, these findings have led to the hypothesis that mutations in the human FOXI1 gene might cause sensorineural deafness with distal renal tubular acidosis and male infertility [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These renal vesicles connect the collecting duct and ureter, developing into metanephric nephron progenitors ( Fig. 1 ) [ 8 , 9 ]. (j-organoid.org)

The cells of the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) are key elements of the nephron in the process of urinary concentration and dilution [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Calcium reabsorption in the distal nephron of the kidney is functionally coupled to sodium transport. (bvsalud.org)
Recent work suggested that CaSR signals via the WNK-SPAK/OSR1 cascade to modulate salt reabsorption along the distal nephron. (bvsalud.org)
One functional component of the kidney, the nephron, carries out tasks such as filtration and reabsorption. (j-organoid.org)

In an effort to identify elusive regulators of nephron segmentation, our lab conducted a high-throughput drug screen using a bioactive chemical library and developing zebrafish, which are a conserved vertebrate model and particularly conducive to large-scale screening approaches. (mdpi.com)

The histological structure and absolute volumes of the kidneys and components of the nephron were quantified. (slovetres.si)
If we dissect a pig kidney , then we will find many similarities to the human kidney because we have learned that mammalian kidneys are similar. (cram.com)

BACKGROUND: During normal human kidney development, nephrogenesis (the formation of nephrons) is complete by term birth, with the majority of nephrons formed late in gestation. (atlas-d2k.org)

In contrast to earlier models that featured nephron-like structures, these advances have improved the differentiation efficiency and similarity to the human kidney. (j-organoid.org)

Fish liver morphology and histology, unlike mammalian liver structure, is the absence of its basic morphological unit, liver lobules, and portal triads [7]. (peertechzpublications.com)

In mammalian tissues the cells are generally surrounded by tiny channels and spaces filled with fluid. (onlineschoolbase.com)
The existence of specific receptors for plant-derived molecules in mammalian cells initiated a search for specific endogenous ligands. (degruyter.com)
Nek1 is a mammalian ortholog of the fungal kinase NIMA (never in mitosis A in Aspergillus nidulans ), which functions in DNA damage responses, regulates G2-M phase progression, and helps keep chromosome transmission to daughter cells faithful [ 5 ]-[ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Presently, kidney organoids contain not only nephrons and ureteric buds but also stromal cells. (j-organoid.org)

Which of the following pairs of mammalian blood vessels has blood that is the least similar in its gas content? (easynotecards.com)

The interstitial stroma, another subcompartment of the metanephric nephron, is characterized by the expression of the transcription factor forkhead box D1 ( Foxd1 ). (j-organoid.org)

Additionally, they are using this approach to investigate sexual dimorphisms in the female vs. male nephron and what the dimorphisms reveal about the cardiovascular disease protection evident in females. (usc.edu)

What is the main function of each of the following regions of the nephron in filtering blood? (studyres.com)

Cytokine defects have also been reported in mammalian cell lines lacking OCRL1 attributed to dysregulation of actin assembly. (medscape.com)

Apart from Ca2+ transport systems, CaSR signaling affects relevant distal Na+-(K+)-2Cl- cotransporters, NKCC2 and NCC. (bvsalud.org)

The basic unit of the mammalian kidney is the nephron. (studyres.com)

This is a key part of the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron, the final regulator of salt handling in the kidney. (emory.edu)
Low Salt Delivery Triggers Autocrine Release of Prostaglandin E2 From the Aldosterone-Sensitive Distal Nephron in Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension Mice. (potassium-bloodpressure.org)

Growth morphogenesis and patterning transform this ARN-509 simple cyst-like structure into a highly elongated mature nephron with distinct cell types positioned along a proximal (glomerular) to distal (connecting segment) axis of functional organization. (acancerjourney.info)
Ion Channels in Mammalian Proximal Renal Tubules. (mpg.de)
Proximal (pr) and distal (dl) parts of the fin are indicated in f. (echinobase.org)
GSK3β inhibition differentiates spheroids into segmented, nephron-like kidney organoids containing cell populations with characteristics of proximal tubules, podocytes and endothelium. (nature.com)
These include the major components of the glomerulus, proximal and distal tubules, loop of Henle, and collecting duct [ 1 ]. (j-organoid.org)
In the glomerular and tubular compartments of the nephron, consistent studies demonstrated that well-characterized, distinct populations of progenitor cells, localized in the parietal epithelium of Bowman capsule and scattered in the proximal and distal tubules, could generate segment-specific cells in physiological conditions and following tissue injury. (preprints.org)

The scheme shows the connection of both a short-looped nephron and a long-looped nephron to the collecting duct system. (nih.gov)
Cellular interactions among nephron, interstitial, and collecting duct progenitors drive mammalian kidney development. (atlas-d2k.org)
These renal vesicles connect the collecting duct and ureter, developing into metanephric nephron progenitors ( Fig. 1 ) [ 8 , 9 ]. (j-organoid.org)

This review discusses our current understanding of the specification maintenance and commitment of nephron progenitors and the regulatory processes that transform the renal vesicle into a nephron. (acancerjourney.info)
Interestingly in the absence of Six2 all nephron progenitors undergo a rapid premature differentiation forming ectopic renal vesicles providing strong evidence that Six2 a transcriptional regulatory factor blocks renal vesicle differentiation within nephron progenitors [12]. (acancerjourney.info)
The action of Wnt9b signaling on Six2+ nephron progenitors is also more complex. (acancerjourney.info)
Recent studies argue that one additional input comes from the Foxd1+ interstitial progenitors that surround Six2+ nephron progenitors. (acancerjourney.info)
Ablation of this population leads to an expansion of the nephron progenitors and a marked delay in the inductive process suggesting that the lack of stromal signals may block induction. (acancerjourney.info)
We will combine two complementary strategies, MARIS (Method for Analyzing RNA following Intracellular Sorting) and Drop-seq, to obtain detailed comparative transcriptional profiles of mouse and human nephron progenitors and nephrons to address the question of cellular diversity. (atlas-d2k.org)

In mice, Six2+ nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) and Foxd1+ interstitial progenitor cells (IPCs) form largely distinct lineage compartments at the onset of metanephric kidney development. (atlas-d2k.org)
The interstitial stroma, another subcompartment of the metanephric nephron, is characterized by the expression of the transcription factor forkhead box D1 ( Foxd1 ). (j-organoid.org)

The functional unit of the mammalian metanephric kidney is the nephron: a complex tubular structure dedicated to blood filtration and maintenance of several important physiological functions. (acancerjourney.info)

As in mice, each progenitor population adopts a stereotypical arrangement in the human nephron-forming niche: NPCs capped outgrowing ureteric branch tips, whereas IPCs were sandwiched between the NPCs and the renal capsule. (atlas-d2k.org)

One of the main reasons is that mammals can partly repair their nephrons (the functional units of the kidney), but cannot regenerate new ones. (elifesciences.org)
An understanding of the diversity of nephron cell types is essential for the goals of (Re)Building A Kidney Consortium where generating functional kidney structures is the consortium target. (atlas-d2k.org)
These data will facilitate and inform in vitro efforts to generate human kidney structures and comparative functional analyses across mammalian species. (atlas-d2k.org)
One functional component of the kidney, the nephron, carries out tasks such as filtration and reabsorption. (j-organoid.org)
Populations of highly proliferative, multipotent cells of renal origin show the ability to engraft in injured kidneys, mitigate functional loss and occasionally show the ability to generate nephrons de novo . (biomedcentral.com)

Over this period, a reiterative inductive process establishes the nephron complement. (atlas-d2k.org)

18. An exceptionally conserved transcriptional repressor, CTCF, employs different combinations of zinc fingers to bind diverged promoter sequences of avian and mammalian c-myc oncogenes. (nih.gov)
Fig. 3: Single cell RNA-seq identifies regions in the nephron that are susceptible to transcriptional stress. (nature.com)

Podocytes are a specialized type of epithelial cell that encase the glomerular capillaries with interdigitated foot processes to regulate filtration into the nephron [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The widespread distribution of ClCKB in the distal nephron and the capacity to activate alternative pathways of basolateral Cl - secretion (e.g. via hKCC1) in the affected nephron segment might influence individual clinical presentation [ 43 ] and the phenotypic heterogeneity of CLCNKB mutations. (medscape.com)
Despite these shared regulators and coexpression in a key nephron segment, associations between these proteins have not been investigated. (emory.edu)

Clearly only a fraction of cells commits to active nephrogenesis at each round of ureteric branching raising the question of how canonical Wnt signaling is regulated to restrict induction and enable expansion of the nephron progenitor pool. (acancerjourney.info)
Presently, kidney organoids contain not only nephrons and ureteric buds but also stromal cells. (j-organoid.org)

Activation of nonselective cation channels in the basolateral membrane of rat distal colon crypt cells by prostaglandin E 2 . (mpg.de)

Fig. 1 Regulation of nephron progenitor induction While there is considerable evidence consistent with a direct action of Lef/Tcf/β-catenin complexes downstream of both Wnt9b and Wnt4 genetic stabilization of β-catenin blocks transition of induced metanpehric mesenchyme to renal vesicles and consequently progression of the nephrogenic program. (acancerjourney.info)

The datasets and computational pipelines reported here set a framework for a broader cross-species approach to decipher early mammalian development, and are readily adaptable to deploy single-cell comparative genomics more broadly across biomedical research. (bvsalud.org)
E. coli is an archetypal commensal bacterial species that lives in mammalian intestines. (marlerblog.com)

Human kidney function is underpinned by approximately 1,000,000 nephrons, although the number varies substantially, and low nephron number is linked to disease. (atlas-d2k.org)

In contrast to earlier models that featured nephron-like structures, these advances have improved the differentiation efficiency and similarity to the human kidney. (j-organoid.org)

19. Human CLC-KB gene promoter drives the EGFP expression in the specific distal nephron segments and inner ear. (nih.gov)

These discoveries led to the characterization of the WNK-SPAK kinase cascade, a regulatory pathway critical in the regulation of salt transport in the distal nephron. (potassium-bloodpressure.org)

Small and maxi K + channels in the basolateral membrane of isolated crypts from rat distal colon: single-channel and slow whole-cell recordings. (mpg.de)

Though there is a general appreciation for when and how different cell types of the nephron form from studies in the mouse, there is little understanding of these processes in the human kidney, and no rigorous accounting for the full range of mature cell types that underpin kidney function in either mouse or man. (atlas-d2k.org)
The human kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, each composed of at least 20 different cell types. (j-organoid.org)

Here, we study Esrp genes, which regulate extensive splicing programs and are essential for mammalian organogenesis. (echinobase.org)

Mammalian embryos exhibit sophisticated cellular patterning that is intricately orchestrated at both molecular and cellular level. (bvsalud.org)
By integrating the spatial atlas with corresponding single-cell transcriptomic data, we offer a detailed molecular annotation of the dynamic nature of organ development, spatial cellular interactions, embryonic axes, and divergence of cell fates that underlie mammalian development, which would pave the way for precise organ engineering and stem cell-based regenerative medicine. (bvsalud.org)
Since then, mammalian PDGFs have been extensively characterized in culture-based assays, where they have been shown to drive cellular responses including proliferation, survival, migration, and the deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM) and tissue remodeling factors. (silverchair.com)

This finding indicates a mutually compensatory role for these ClCK channels along the distal nephron. (medscape.com)
Quinine inhibits chloride and nonselective cation channels in isolated rat distal colon cells. (mpg.de)

Overall, these findings have led to the hypothesis that mutations in the human FOXI1 gene might cause sensorineural deafness with distal renal tubular acidosis and male infertility [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The molecular systems root the pathogenic ramifications of familial LRRK2 mutations in the mammalian human brain are poorly grasped, due generally to having less solid neurodegenerative phenotypes generally in most pet versions (33). (immune-source.com)

these genetic studies suggest Six2 activity counters Wnt9b's nephron inducing action [7]. (acancerjourney.info)

Mammalian two-hybrid studies demonstrated direct binding of NCC to ENaC subunits. (emory.edu)

Effects of forskolin on crypt cells of rat distal colon. (mpg.de)
Familial PD-linked mutations in LRRK2 typically boost its kinase activity in mammalian cells to differing levels and promote substrate phosphorylation (i.e., a subset of Rab GTPases) and autophosphorylation (we.e. (immune-source.com)

The channel contributes to a high medullary osmolarity, which is important for mechanisms of urine concentration in medullary parts of the nephron. (medscape.com)

Overall, these findings indicate that RICs provide a necessary microenvironment for rapid nephrogenesis during nephron regeneration. (elifesciences.org)

During nephron regeneration, the formation of nephrons is supported by RICs that form a network to wrap the RPC aggregates. (elifesciences.org)

Anatomy7

Organisms1

Information Science1

Tubule10

Tubules2

Renal5

Medullary coll1

Reabsorption3

Segmentation1

Kidneys2

Kidney development1

Advances1

Liver1

Cells4

Similar1

Expression1

Male1

Main1

Cell1

Transport1

Basic1

Aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron2

Proximal6

Collecting duct3

Progenitors6

Interstitial2

Metanephric1

Progenitor population1

Functional5

Inductive process1

Transcriptional2

Glomerular1

Segment2

Ureteric2

Prostaglandin1

Renal vesicles1

Species2

Substantially1

Differentiation1

Segments1

Regulation1

Basolateral1

Cell types2

Regulate1

Cellular3

Channels2

Human2

Genetic1

Studies1

Cells2

Parts1

Rapid1

Form1