• Aujeszky's disease, usually called pseudorabies in the United States, is a viral disease in swine that is endemic in most parts of the world. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pseudorabies virus (PRV), also called Aujeszky disease virus or suid herpesvirus type 1, is a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily within the family Herpesviridae . (cdc.gov)
  • Suid herpesvirus 1 (SHV-1) is the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease (AD, pseudorabies), known worldwide as a major economical threat to pig farming. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Pseudorabies, also known as Aujezsky's disease, mad itch, and infectious bulbar paralysis, is a highly contagious disease of swine that can also be fatal in domestic species. (tamu.edu)
  • Pseudorabies is caused by suid herpesvirus 1. (tamu.edu)
  • The most characteristic clinical sign of pseudorabies is intense pruritis, which is why the disease is also known colloquially as "mad itch. (tamu.edu)
  • Histologically, pseudorabies lesions are characterized by non-suppurative inflammation with intranuclear herpesvirus-type viral inclusion bodies (Figure 1). (tamu.edu)
  • In summary, pseudorabies should be considered a differential diagnosis for neurologic disease of domestic animals exposed to feral swine populations. (tamu.edu)
  • The viral envelope glycoprotein D from bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and -5), two important pathogens of cattle, is a major component of the virion and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of herpesviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BoHV-1 is a pathogen of cattle associated with two major syndromes, called infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Monkey B Virus Herpes virus B, Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1, is a species of virus, of the genus Simplexvirus and of the family of Herpesviridae. (cleverlysmart.com)
  • This Herpes simplex virus 1 (Human alphaherpesvirus 1) (isolate 75/12) is preserved under Viral Storage Medium -80°C. Tests for the presence of mycoplasmae were negative. (european-virus-archive.com)
  • Aujeszky's disease is considered to be the most economically important viral disease of swine in areas where classical swine fever (hog cholera) has been eradicated. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1902, a Hungarian veterinarian, Aladár Aujeszky, demonstrated a new infectious agent in a dog, ox, and cat, and showed it caused the same disease in swine and rabbits. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the United States, the domestic swine population in 2004 was declared free of Aujeszky's disease, though the infection still remains in feral pig populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is best illustrated by the development of the severity of the disease in Denmark, where import of swine had been forbidden for decades up to 1972. (wikipedia.org)
  • The disease in swine became much more severe, outbreaks of respiratory disease in cattle rose dramatically, and the infection was spread airborne to other swine herds. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2012, an unprecedented large-scale outbreak of disease in pigs in China caused great economic losses to the swine industry. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, a well known disease in cattle called "mad itch" was concluded to be in fact Aujeszky's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pruritus in Aujeszky's disease is considered a phantom sensation as virus has never been found at the site of pruritus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The epidemiology of Aujeszky's disease varies with the pathogenicity or virulence of the virus strain involved. (wikipedia.org)
  • First Report of a Severe Outbreak of Aujeszky's Disease in Cattle in Sicily (Italy). (bvsalud.org)
  • Aujeszky's disease in cattle is caused by Suid herpes virus 1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, it is reported the first documented outbreak of Aujeszky's disease in cattle in Sicily ( Italy ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite the unquestionable need for effective vaccines, it remains the challenge of developing customized vaccines in a quick and cost-effective way for both the fields of oncology and infectious diseases. (immunology-tuebingen.de)
  • Utilizing the modular design of the Orf virus platform technology, highly effective mono- or multivalent vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer can be generated in a cost- and time-efficient manner. (immunology-tuebingen.de)
  • Infectious diseases of the dog and cat (4th ed. (tamu.edu)
  • Man's best friend and our shared infectious diseases. (cabi.org)
  • Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • The disease, which causes vesicles (blisters) in the mouth and feet of bovids, suids, ovids, caprids and other cloven-hoofed animals is highly infectious and a major plague of animal farming. (kitpcr.com)
  • A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. (webot.org)
  • Infectious diseases before and after a vaccine was introduced. (webot.org)
  • There is overwhelming scientific consensus that vaccines are a very safe and effective way to fight and eradicate infectious diseases. (webot.org)
  • The Lancet infectious diseases 12, no. 9 (2012): 671-7. (yale.edu)
  • Affected birds are immunosuppressed and as a consequence are more susceptible to other infectious diseases. (poultryhub.org)
  • Aujeszky Disease Aujeszky disease is a viral disease that preferentially affects pigs but can exceptionally affect carnivores, ruminants (herbivorous animals) and equines (horse family). (cleverlysmart.com)
  • This disease manifestation has always been asymptomatic in affected pigs, and presence of the infection on a farm was detected only because of cases in cattle showing pruritus on the hindquarters. (wikipedia.org)
  • A retrospective study was conducted determining the main diseases observed in this category of cattle over a period of 36 years. (cabi.org)
  • A third disease caused by a capripoxvirus, lumpy skin disease of cattle, can also elicit protective immunity against sheep- and goatpox in sheep and goats, as illustrated by the Kenyan sheep- and goatpox vaccine which is derived from a lumpy skin disease virus that was isolated from sheep. (anipedia.org)
  • 55 The difference in the geographical distribution of lumpy skin disease from that of sheep- and goatpox, as well as the fact that no sheep- or goatpox viruses have been isolated from cattle, suggests that sheep- and goatpox viruses do not cross from small ruminants to cattle. (anipedia.org)
  • SuHV-1 is now used in model studies of basic processes during lytic herpesvirus infection, and for unravelling molecular mechanisms of herpesvirus neurotropism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like other α herpesviruses, PRV infection can be a lifelong latent infection in the peripheral nervous systems of infected pigs, and these latently infected pigs can infect others under certain conditions ( 7 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although vaccination confers protection against disease, it does not prevent infection from a wild-type strain. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, generation of ORFV recombinants, which express different foreign genes (antigens), could be demonstrated to protect against lethal challenge infection with Herpesvirus (Herpes Suid 1), Borna disease Virus, Pestivirus (CSFV), Influenza virus (HPAIV H5N1), Rabies virus or Calicivirus (RHDV) not only in animal models, but also in natural hosts. (immunology-tuebingen.de)
  • 5) Infection appears to be selective for specific neuronal populations, resulting in a characteristic clinical syndrome of lower motor neuron paralysis. A diagnosis of enterovirus encephalomyelitis is made by virus isolation from the central nervous system of pigs showing neural signs(5) The disease was first described as Teschen disease. (askjpc.org)
  • BoHV-5 infection occurs at the same potential entry sites as BoHV-1, i.e. nasal cavity, eyes, oropharynx and genital tract. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neuroinvasion of BoHV-1 usually does not progress beyond the first order neuron located in the trigeminal ganglion, where the latent infection is established, whereas BoHV-5 can infect different regions of the brain causing lethal encephalitis in young animals (reviewed in Zajac et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vaccines can be prophylactic (to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen ), or therapeutic (to fight a disease that has already occurred, such as cancer ). (webot.org)
  • Daclatasvir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C genotype-1 infection: a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding, phase 2a trial. (yale.edu)
  • Chickenpox Chickenpox is an acute, systemic, usually childhood infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (human herpesvirus type 3). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is a highly contagious viral infection that predominantly affects chickens but can also affect pheasants, quail, gamefowl and turkeys. (poultryhub.org)
  • There is no treatment for MD. Vaccination is the central strategy for the prevention and control of MD. While vaccination will prevent clinical disease and reduce shedding of infective virus it will not prevent infection. (poultryhub.org)
  • Scientists in the US have found an association between two forms of the human herpes virus and Alzheimer's disease. (alzheimersresearchuk.org)
  • These findings point to an association between two forms of the herpes virus and Alzheimer's, but they don't tell us that these viruses cause the disease. (alzheimersresearchuk.org)
  • Live Equine Herpes Virus 1 (R-ACH strain) in viral storage medium -80C. (european-virus-archive.com)
  • To gain insight into the etiologic agent of the disease, we conducted extensive and systematic diagnostic testing, including PCR, ELISA, viral isolation, immunohistochemical staining, and standard bacteriologic culture, to evaluate the specimens. (cdc.gov)
  • Various serological tests (virus neutralization, immunodiffusion, ELISA) are available, primarily to determine disease incidence and distribution in the pig population. (tamu.edu)
  • The disease is usually fatal in these animal species. (wikipedia.org)
  • The type species is HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN . (lookformedical.com)
  • 9 Similarly, while most isolates cause disease in either sheep or goats, there are isolates equally pathogenic in both species. (anipedia.org)
  • New introductions of disease into a country are generally only identified in one of the two host species, i.e. depending on the isolate introduced. (anipedia.org)
  • Currently, virulent serotype 1 strains are further divided into pathotypes (classification based on the severity of disease caused by that particular strain of virus), which are often referred to as mild (m), virulent (v), very virulent (vv), and very virulent plus (vv+) MD virus strains. (poultryhub.org)
  • This study in no way suggests that Alzheimer's disease is contagious or can be passed from person to person like a virus. (alzheimersresearchuk.org)
  • 1) However, it has been reported that isolation of virus from CNS is quite difficult, and virus isolation is not always possible using routine techniques in the cases of enterovirus encephalomyelitis of pigs. (askjpc.org)
  • The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the pathogen that causes foot-and-mouth disease. (kitpcr.com)
  • Important prototypes of this family comprise human herpesviruses, such as Human herpesvirus (HHV)-1 and -2 (known as herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and -2), and animal herpesviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MD is caused by a highly cell-associated (virus particles that remain attached to or within the host cell after replication) but readily transmitted herpesvirus. (poultryhub.org)
  • Over time, increasingly virulent strains of MD virus have emerged, which has resulted in an ongoing need to develop new vaccines and vaccination programs to combat the disease. (poultryhub.org)
  • In the present cases, the morbidity and mortality were low and the characteristic clinical signs were flaccid paralysis of the hind limbs. The nonsuppurative lesions were distributed mainly in the gray matter of the brainstem and the spinal cord. These clinical and histological features of the present disease are similar to those of the disease produced by less virulent PTV strains, especially those of Talfan disease. (askjpc.org)
  • The diseases in sheep and goats are caused by strains of capripoxvirus which are indistinguishable serologically, and although strains derived from sheep may show genomic differences from those derived from goats, there are isolates with characteristics of both sheep and goat isolates. (anipedia.org)
  • Reticuloendotheliosis, although rare, can easily be confused with MD because both diseases feature enlarged nerves and T-cell lymphomas (a type of tumour that involves white blood cells called T-cells, which are part of the active acquired immunity system) in visceral (soft internal) organs. (poultryhub.org)
  • Research on SuHV-1 in pigs has pioneered animal disease control with genetically modified vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
  • New strategies for vaccine development against both BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 have been focused on the design of marker vaccines, which differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (also known as DIVA vaccines). (biomedcentral.com)
  • [1] [2] The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. (webot.org)
  • The PRV genome is a double-stranded linear DNA molecule ≈143 kb long and contains at least 72 genes ( 1 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Previous studies have suggested that viruses might be linked with Alzheimer's, but this detailed analysis of human brain tissue takes this research further, indicating a relationship between the viruses and the activity of genes involved in Alzheimer's, as well as brain changes, molecular signals, and symptoms associated with the disease. (alzheimersresearchuk.org)
  • Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. (lookformedical.com)
  • In this way, PRV causes devastating disease in pigs and economic losses worldwide. (cdc.gov)
  • In January 2012, a previously unknown severe disease was observed in pigs on several farms in northern and eastern China. (cdc.gov)
  • The disease was first observed in older pigs and spread within 2-3 days to younger pigs. (cdc.gov)
  • Pathologic examination showed the most striking gross lesions were consolidated in the lungs ( Figure 1 , panel A), with edema and hemorrhage ( Figure 1 , panel B). In addition, foci of yellow-white necrosis were observed in the kidneys of some dead pigs ( Figure 1 , panel C). (cdc.gov)
  • This chapter gives an overview of the viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal zoonotic diseases in pigs. (cabi.org)
  • While the findings indicate a link between the activity of these viruses and Alzheimer's, they don't tell us whether they contribute to the development of the disease, help the brain to cope with the disease, or just occur alongside Alzheimer's-processes without having an impact on the health of the brain. (alzheimersresearchuk.org)
  • A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Herpesviruses constitute a large and diverse family of enveloped viruses and are composed of three subfamilies, Alpha- , Beta- and Gammaherpesvirinae . (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review highlights the structural and functional characteristics of BoHV-1, BoHV-5 and where appropriate, Human herpesvirus gD, as well as its role in viral entry and interactions with host cell receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This pathogen has major economic consequences in pig husbandry ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • 5) These later diseases were described as resulting in lower morbidity and mortality, the clinical syndrome expressed as paresis and ataxia (which seldom progresses to complete paralysis). (askjpc.org)
  • [10] widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio , measles , and tetanus from much of the world. (webot.org)
  • Sheep- and goatpox are malignant systemic pox diseases of sheep and goats characterized by fever, macules developing into papules and necrotic lesions in the skin and nodular lesions in internal organs, secondary infections and death in susceptible stock. (anipedia.org)
  • 5) Less virulent forms of the disease were later recognized in the United Kingdom (Talfan disease) and in Denmark (poliomyelitis suum). (askjpc.org)
  • The serotypes that exist are 'virulent' (disease causing) chicken isolates (serotype 1) and 'avirulent' (non-disease causing) chicken isolates (serotype 2). (poultryhub.org)
  • Serotypes are identified by reaction with serotype-specific monoclonal (clones from a single cell) antibodies or by biological characteristics such as host range, pathogenicity (severity of disease), growth rate, and plaque morphology (the physical appearance of laboratory grown viral cultures). (poultryhub.org)
  • Marek's Disease (MD) results in enlarged nerves and in tumour formation in nerve, organ, muscle and epithelial (cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body) tissue. (poultryhub.org)
  • What causes Marek's Disease? (poultryhub.org)
  • Enterovirus encephalomyelitis (previously known as Teschen/Talfan disease) caused by at least 9 serotypes of porcine teschovirus (PTV 1, and 2-6, 8, 12, 13 which are responsible for the milder form of the disease) of the picornaviridae family is considered to be of socioeconomic importance. (askjpc.org)
  • Clinical disease is not always apparent in infected flocks, however subclinical disease is often more economically important as it reduces weight gain and egg production. (poultryhub.org)
  • [29] [30] A host does not develop antibodies instantaneously: while the body's innate immunity may be activated in as little as twelve hours, adaptive immunity can take 1-2 weeks to fully develop. (webot.org)
  • This second step in the severity development of the disease in Denmark caused the decision to eradicate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because sheep- and goatpox are serious epidemic diseases that may cause important losses in affected herds and represent also a major constraint to international trade for affected countries, they are classified in the list of animal diseases to be notified to the World Organization for Animal Health, the OIE: outbreaks should be reported immediately to the OIE. (anipedia.org)
  • In this case, the initial exposure was suspected to have occurred 4 1/2 days before the onset of clinical signs during a hog hunting event in Brooks County. (tamu.edu)
  • The clinical signs associated with MD can look similar to those caused by Lymphoid Leukosis and Reticuloendotheliosis, however, the rareness of bursal tumours with MD helps distinguish this disease from Lymphoid Leukosis. (poultryhub.org)
  • 1) In contrast, demyelination and axonal degeneration in the present cases, which resulted from a natural outbreak in Japan, appeared in the whole white matter, and in either the ventral or dorsal root. (askjpc.org)