• This GWAS-MPE approach can give not only more precise effect estimates, even larger effects, for specific molecular subtypes of the disease, but also insights into pathogenesis by linking genetic variants to molecular pathologic signatures of disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Causal inference Epidemiological method Epidemiology Evidence-based medicine Molecular diagnostics Molecular epidemiology Molecular medicine Molecular pathology Pathogenesis Pathology Personalized medicine Precision medicine Public health Systems biology Ogino S, Lochhead P, Giovannucci E, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Chan AT (June 2014). (wikipedia.org)
  • Ischemic heart disease: pathogenesis and morphological features of angina pectoris, chronic ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction (timing of the progression of ischemic necrosis in myocardial infarction: evaluation methods). (unibo.it)
  • Valvular heart disease: morphology and pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease, aortic stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, infective endocarditis, non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. (unibo.it)
  • Myocardial diseases: pathogenesis and morphological features of myocarditis and cardiomyopathies, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy (amyloidosis) and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. (unibo.it)
  • Pericardial disease: pathogenesis and morphological features of pericarditis and pericardial effusions. (unibo.it)
  • In the past few decades, our knowledge of disease pathogenesis has improved considerably, and disease classification has also transformed, incorporating molecular mechanisms of disease. (mpemeeting.org)
  • The book consists of 5 themed sections on: epidemiology, pathogenesis, screening and early detection, molecular genetics, and clinical aspects and management. (stanford.edu)
  • Numerous questions regarding Bartonella's molecular pathogenesis and epidemiology remain unanswered. (umt.edu)
  • As part of Science-Research Work №1 "Atherosclerosis: epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis and development of measures of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the Far North population on the example of the population of Yakutia" we study the biochemical, lipid-metabolic, immune, molecular genetic, pathological features of the formation and course of atherosclerosis in native and non-native population of Yakutia. (mednauka.com)
  • Herein they describe the recent emergence of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE), which represents an integration of population and molecular biologic science to gain insights into the etiologies, pathogenesis, evolution, and outcomes of complex multifactorial diseases. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Increasing evidence has suggested an important role for environmental factors such as exposure to pesticides in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. (jneurosci.org)
  • The results of this study should advance our understanding of the mechanism of action for pesticides in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. (jneurosci.org)
  • General Pathology is a multidisciplinary science of medicine that studies the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases and in particular the reactivity of the organism and in cases where such reactivity is not adequate or insufficient, the mechanisms that determine the persistence of the pathological condition. (uninsubria.eu)
  • The International Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE) Meeting Series, which was established in 2013, has been open to the research community around the world, and five meetings were held through 2021. (wikipedia.org)
  • The International Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE) Meeting Series is open to the international research community with free registration. (mpemeeting.org)
  • The International Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE) Meeting Series" (precisely word-by-word) is the formal meeting series name. (mpemeeting.org)
  • The 6th International Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE) Meeting: 10-Year Anniversary Summit" (formal meeting name) will be held in 2023. (mpemeeting.org)
  • Advancing integrative molecular and population-level health science and addressing the unique research challenges specific to the field of MPE requires bringing together experts in diverse fields, including pathology, epidemiology, biostatistics, computational biology, bioinformatics, genomics, immunology, and nutritional and environmental sciences. (mpemeeting.org)
  • 17 Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. (nih.gov)
  • In 1994, Dean Williams developed, and directed until 2019, the NIH-funded multidisciplinary international research training (MIRT) program that allows for the development and operations of undergraduate and graduate student training in global health, biostatistics, and epidemiology in over 14 foreign research sites in South America, South East Asia, Africa, and Europe. (rghi.org)
  • This book provides essential information on recent advances in molecular genetics, epidemiology, translational research, and the latest results of clinical trials on mesothelioma. (stanford.edu)
  • Research at IAB encompasses a wide range of topics and expertise, from molecular genetics and epigenetics to cell biology, molecular pathology, parasitology, immunology and environmental epidemiology. (iab-grenoble.fr)
  • Human molecular genetics. (ac.ir)
  • 7 Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. (nih.gov)
  • Prior to becoming Dean on July 1, 2016, she was Professor and Chair of the Department of Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Program Leader of the Population Health and Health Disparities Research Programs at Harvard's Clinical and Translational Sciences Center (Harvard Catalyst). (rghi.org)
  • Further investigation of their regulative roles and interaction may provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets for KBD. (nature.com)
  • however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
  • Further we want to understand whether pathological age-related mechanisms can be rescued by manipulation of structural cellular elements. (uni-ulm.de)
  • An understanding of such associations might be of importance not only in the understanding of disease mechanisms but also in the search for novel therapeutic options. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms, etiology, epidemiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment heterogeneity of venous thrombosis and compares it with arterial stroke. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Institute for Advanced Biosciences develops fundamental and translational research programs with a focus on understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which cells adapt to the constraints of their environment at all scales of the living (from molecules to ecosystems). (iab-grenoble.fr)
  • The common goal of this interdisciplinary approach is to elucidate the mechanisms by which complex biological and pathological phenotypes emerge and transform along trajectories of health that link environmental exposures, metabolism, infectious diseases and cancer. (iab-grenoble.fr)
  • Most researchers regard MS as a primary inflammatory disease, in which demyelination and tissue injury is driven by immune mediated mechanisms throughout all different stages and in all different courses ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The course therefore aims to provide knowledge of the causes and mechanisms of the diseases and the alterations that derive from them at a tissue, cellular and molecular level. (uninsubria.eu)
  • These issues, an ageing population at risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and an increasingly obese population at risk of metabolic alterations such as type 2 diabetes, are usually considered as independent conditions, but increasing evidence from both epidemiological and molecular studies link these disorders. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This unique epidemiological dataset allows the team to investigate the association of breast cancer risk factors and tumor molecular profiles. (bidmc.org)
  • She collaborates with the NHS for molecular pathology epidemiology research, including understanding how epidemiological factors influence the molecular profiles of breast tumors to understand disease progression and survival. (bidmc.org)
  • Case-Control Study-A type of epidemiological study which examines the relationship between a particular outcome (disease or condition) and a variety of potential causative agents (such as toxic chemicals). (cdc.gov)
  • Cohort Study-A type of epidemiological study of a specific group or groups of people who have had a common insult (e.g., exposure to an agent suspected of causing disease or a common disease) and are followed forward from exposure to outcome. (cdc.gov)
  • I'm Commander Ibad Khan and I'm representing the Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity, COCA, with the Emergency Risk Communication Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Janell Routh is a medical officer on the acute flaccid myelitis team at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Adriana Lopez is an epidemiologist on the acute flaccid myelitis team at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Finally, Dr. Manisha Patel is the acute flaccid myelitis team lead at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Other TSEs include scrapie (a disease of sheep), feline spongiform encephalopathy, transmissible mink encephalopathy, and chronic wasting disease of deer and elk. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic restrictive diseases: classification of various types of histological patterns in interstitial lung disease (usual interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia). (unibo.it)
  • Non-neoplastic smoke-related lung disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, small airways disease/respiratory bronchiolitis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the lung. (unibo.it)
  • Enteroviruses are associated with diverse clinical syndromes ranging from minor febrile illness to severe, potentially fatal conditions (e.g., aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis, myocarditis, and neonatal enteroviral sepsis) and could be linked with the development of some chronic diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes and dilated cardiomyopathy) ( 1,2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Unlike OA, Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic and serious endemic osteoarticular disease, which has been in high prevalence and morbidity in Eastern Siberia of Russia, Northeast China to Sichuan-Tibet Plateau, and North Korea 4 , 5 . (nature.com)
  • The impact of foodborne parasites on human health has been underestimated because these pathogens often have insidious chronic effects, rather than causing acute diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • In addition to neoplasia, additional pathological manifestations of chronic arsenic exposure include skin hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis (9,13), as well as vascular disease (14,15). (cdc.gov)
  • Common diseases of a chronic inflammatory nature such as asthma, Alzheimer disease, and cardiovascular disease are complex in nature, as they are variably influenced by genetic inheritance as well as environmental, physical, and lifestyle factors. (cdc.gov)
  • Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which leads to the formation of focal confluent lesions of primary demyelination in the white and gray matter and to diffuse damage and neurodegeneration in the entire brain ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Their main expertise lies in the microbiology and parasitology, molecular biology and epidemiology, immunology and ecology of tropical infectious diseases. (trypanocide.eu)
  • 2023). Multiomic analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma identifies molecular axes and specialized tumor profiles driving intertumor heterogeneity. (who.int)
  • The main translational endpoints are cancers, infectious diseases (bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites), fertility and development pathologies and prevention of environmental exposures in early life. (iab-grenoble.fr)
  • 3 Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany. (nih.gov)
  • She has administered successfully large-scale, clinical epidemiology studies that seek to understand genetic and environmental causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes and other noncommunicable disorders along the life course. (rghi.org)
  • Increased neurofilament levels in biofluids, commonly used as a proxy for axonal degeneration in the brain, have been found in Parkinson's disease (PD), PD with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and correlate with MRI biomarkers. (biorxiv.org)
  • Several chapters focus on new trends in the field, e.g. immune therapy and identification of biomarkers, molecular oncogenesis including genetic susceptibility, and molecular diagnostic pathology. (stanford.edu)
  • We will review several projects based on the use of panels of biomarkers for a better understanding of risk of disease and prognosis. (lu.se)
  • Body lice are most to test for B. quintana and to educate the homeless and their caregivers on prevention and control of louse-borne reliably differentiated from head lice by their presence on disease. (cdc.gov)
  • 128 for ters for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, B . quintana ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • [2] As per the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention results, individuals with those aged 18 to 39 years had the least prevalence rate (0.5 per 100,000 persons), and the age group 70 to 79 years had the highest prevalence rate (17.0 per 100,000 persons). (freedissertation.com)
  • In this era of personalized medicine and personalized prevention, we need integrated science (such as MPE) which can decipher diseases at the molecular, genetic, cellular, and population levels simultaneously. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results suggest that RSV may be and Ewa Piatkowska ˛ useful in the prevention or treatment of pathological angiogenesis in eye disorders. (deepdyve.com)
  • 2022). A molecular phenotypic map of malignant pleural mesothelioma. (who.int)
  • There have been particularly substantial changes to the classification of conjunctival neoplasia and melanoma, based on the latest information from genetic and molecular studies. (iarc.fr)
  • We will discuss the impact of direct links between insulin and IGF-1 signalling and the Alzheimer's disease-associated pathological events as well as the impact of other processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction either common to both conditions or perhaps responsible for a mechanistic link between metabolic and neurodegenerative disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The first type of inflammation dominates in acute and relapsing MS. The second type of inflammation is already present in early stages of MS, but gradually increases with disease duration and patient age. (frontiersin.org)
  • Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines all aspects of the biology of HCV, the pathological consequences of infection, the current standard of hepatitis C treatment, and ongoing efforts to control the disease. (cshlpress.com)
  • IAB is seeking a visionary scientific leader with internationally recognised strong track record of innovative research in molecular and cellular biology applied to health and medicine, and with strong leadership skills, including prior experience in leadership and management. (iab-grenoble.fr)
  • The molecular pathological hallmarks of arterial stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • New and emerging disciplines and concepts such as molecular pathological epidemiology, social genomics and other "systems-thinking" methods provide a more comprehensive view of the entire subject of aging, and study its indivisible bonds with the environment, society and culture. (oaepublish.com)
  • Their field of action covers on one side the fundamental and translational laboratory research, and on the other side the biological, ecological and molecular aspects of the transmission and population dynamics of the pathogens, their intermediate hosts and reservoirs in the field. (trypanocide.eu)
  • IAB develops translational and pre-clinical research programs in partnership with CHU Grenoble-Alpes and actively cooperates with other research centers of the Grenoble site, in particular ESRF, EMBL, IBS and molecular chemistry/pharmacochemistry and physics departments of UGA. (iab-grenoble.fr)
  • Research and Development activities are focusing on the control of emerging and re-emerging diseases, including vector-borne and zoonotic diseases including trypanosomosis. (trypanocide.eu)
  • In addition to causing discomfort and irritation, body lice can transmit disease-causing pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • Although Bartonella is the only genus that infects human erythrocytes and triggers pathological angiogenesis in the vascular bed, the group remains understudied compared with most other bacterial pathogens. (umt.edu)
  • The molecular basis of breast cancer pathological phenotypes. (bidmc.org)
  • Pathological angiogenesis has a causal role in these eye diseases. (deepdyve.com)
  • Contributors discuss the structural and biochemical properties of HCV, the molecular details of its life cycle, and how it promotes liver disease by perturbing host cell signaling pathways. (cshlpress.com)
  • Congenital heart diseases: principal alterations. (unibo.it)
  • Diagnostic criteria, pathological features, and genetic and other associated molecular alterations are described in a disease-oriented manner. (iarc.fr)
  • We are proud to work together with the leading biotech company in Sweden for biomarker panel analyses in epidemiology, OLINK Proteomics AB, Uppsala, and its representatives! (lu.se)
  • Molecular analyses of 15,542 patients with suspected BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative disorders allow to develop a stepwise diagnostic workflow. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 1 ] They belong to the family of diseases known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). (medscape.com)
  • Epidemiology of transmissible diseases: Array hybridization and next generation sequencing as universal nucleic acid-mediated typing tools. (cdc.gov)
  • 2. Asbestos and mesothelioma: What is recent advance in research on asbestos-induced molecular carcinogenesis? (stanford.edu)
  • Detailed disease endpoint phenotyping can be conducted by means of molecular pathology or surrogate histopathology or immunohistochemistry analysis of diseased tissues and cells within GWAS. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, Mollerup's 2016 Journal of Clinical Microbiology review regarding P. acnes , using similar next-generation sequencing as the Bristol group, cautioned: "Our results show that P. acnes can be detected in practically all sample types when molecular methods, such as next-generation sequencing, are employed. (j-alz.com)
  • Blood cells, molecules & diseases 2016 Jul 59 25-30. (cdc.gov)
  • 3. Asbestos fiber and immunological effects: Do immunological effects play any role in asbestos-related diseases? (stanford.edu)
  • A total of 897 sheep suspected of being infected with TB and belonging to 23 flocks cohabiting with TB-infected cattle herds and/or goats were tested between 2009 and 2013 in Galicia (north-western Spain), using pathological, immunological and molecular techniques. (visavet.es)
  • The Dean's scientific work places special emphasis in the areas of reproductive, perinatal, pediatric, and molecular epidemiology. (rghi.org)
  • Research activities at the are University contributed to the generalizable knowledge at the national and regional level by: (i) addressing cultural context of medical practices (ii) studding frequent (pathologies pregnancy, diabetes, cancer) and rare (Vest syndrome, pediatric arterial ischemic stroke) disease/health conditions, (iii) being involved in the International, multicenter research projects (e.g. (dtmu.ge)
  • Rossen said this about species identification (such as the species P. acnes ) using next generation sequencing: "when one gets down to the species level such molecular methods need "a priori" knowledge of the likely pathogenic species that could be present in the sample" [5]. (j-alz.com)
  • Since molecular diagnostics is becoming routine clinical practice, molecular pathology data can aid epidemiologic research. (wikipedia.org)
  • The JEPHR is particularly interested in, but not limited to, analytical or empirical research that explores regional, national and international dimensions of epidemiology, public health, behavioral health, health policy, pharmaceutical, and health/medical areas of sciences. (sciforschenonline.org)
  • Key open questions in MS research are the identification of the target antigen recognized by tissue resident CD8 + T-cells and B-cells and the molecular nature of the soluble inflammatory mediators, which may trigger tissue damage. (frontiersin.org)
  • Disease Research Centre (DDRC), Tehran combined [ 2,4 ]--breast cancer warrants at- University of Medical Sciences. (who.int)
  • The genetic components most responsible for differences in individual disease risk are thought to be DNA variants (polymorphisms) that influence the expression or function of mediators involved in the pathological processes. (cdc.gov)
  • Circulatory manifestations of arseniasis include increased prevalence of ischemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. (cdc.gov)
  • NESS data allowed identification and description of a core group of consistently circulating enteroviruses that probably determine the disease burden associated with enterovirus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • 6 per 100 000 people per year) collectively account for 24% of all cancer cases and 25% of cancer deaths, representing a substantial burden of disease. (who.int)
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or commonly known as ALS is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases alongside Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease in the United States. (freedissertation.com)
  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive and selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), resulting in movement disorders ( Olanow and Tatton, 1999 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The use of molecular pathology in epidemiology lacked standardized methodologies and guidelines as well as interdisciplinary experts and training programs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pathological mechanism of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), an endemic osteoarthritic disease, remains to be poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • This study was designed to identify signaling pathways and crucial proteins involved in the pathological mechanism of KBD compared with osteoarthritis (OA). (nature.com)
  • While the causes and pathological mechanism of the KBD and OA differ in many aspects. (nature.com)
  • citation needed] MPE began as analysis of risk factors (e.g., smoking) and molecular pathological findings (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, social epidemiology includes the study of the social context in which the health-disease phenomena occurs in addition to the investigation of individual risk factors. (conferenceseries.com)
  • In this study, we sought to assess the epidemiology of GC, its clinicopathological profiles, and its association with risk factors as well as to identify premalignant gastric lesions (PGL) and examine neoplastic progression. (mdpi.com)
  • Does this pathomechanism explain the loss of proteostasis in neurodegenerative disease like Parkinson´s disease? (uni-ulm.de)
  • The other view suggests that MS is a primary neurodegenerative disease, which is modified and amplified by the inflammatory process. (frontiersin.org)
  • Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as mad cow disease, and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are related disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Since the disease represents a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, scientists and clinicians from learners to experts, as well as fellows in training in these subspecialties, will value this book. (stanford.edu)
  • 2 )]. It is currently an open debate, whether primary progressive MS is a distinct disease entity or whether it just represents part of the variable clinical disease spectrum ( 3 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • [ 16 ] A common coding polymorphism at codon 129 of the PrP gene ( PRNP ), where either methionine (M) or valine (V) may be encoded, is a strong susceptibility factor for human prion diseases. (medscape.com)
  • This model was developed using data collected from molecular epidemiology studies of allergic asthma that examined variants in 16 susceptibility genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Genetic epidemiology of the carnitine transporter OCTN2 gene in a Japanese population and phenotypic characterization in Japanese pedigrees with primary systemic carnitine deficiency. (ac.ir)
  • A deeper understanding of how, where, and why disparities affect health is made possible by social epidemiology , which enables the integration of population social experiences into the traditional etiological approach to public health. (conferenceseries.com)
  • Dean Williams joined the Harvard Chan faculty after a distinguished career at the University of Washington (UW) School of Public Health where she rose through the faculty ranks to become a full professor of epidemiology in 2000. (rghi.org)
  • Dean Williams has been recognized for her excellence in teaching, as the recipient of the 2015 Harvard Chan School's Outstanding Mentor Award, the UW's Brotman Award for excellence in teaching (2007), the American Public Health Association's Abraham Lilienfeld Award for education in epidemiology (2007), and the White House's Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring (2012). (rghi.org)
  • She has a master's in civil engineering from Tufts University, and master's and doctoral degrees in epidemiology from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (rghi.org)
  • Although cross-species transmission of prion diseases seems to be limited by an apparent species barrier, the epidemic of BSE in the United Kingdom, which began in 1986, and its transmission to humans indicated that animal prion diseases could pose a significant public health risk. (medscape.com)
  • However, many details regarding epidemiology and the public health threat imposed by these animal reservoirs is unclear. (umt.edu)
  • In recent decades, epidemiology, public health, and medical sciences have been increasingly compartmentalized into narrower disciplines. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The JEPHR provides a platform for researchers in discussing and acquiring knowledge pertaining to epidemiology and public health related studies emphasizing awareness in improving health and desiring equity in health across the globe. (sciforschenonline.org)
  • Pathology and epidemiology share the same goal of elucidating etiology of disease, and MPE aims to achieve this goal at molecular, individual and population levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically, MPE utilizes tissue pathology resources and data within existing epidemiology studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Studies to examine the relationship between an exposure and molecular pathological signatures of disease (particularly, cancer) became increasingly common throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. (wikipedia.org)
  • In turn, it discusses recent molecular pathological studies on mesothelioma, which claim to offer more accurate classifications than traditional morphology and immunohistochemistry-based approaches. (stanford.edu)
  • Alois Alzheimer might have mentioned plaques and tangles in a single short paper on pre-senile dementia in 1907, but it was the co-discover of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Oskar Fischer, who in that same year far more extensively reported neuritic plaque in 12 cases of senile dementia, a condition which he and many others refused to differentiate from Alzheimer's "pre-senile" dementia. (j-alz.com)
  • Insulin signalling in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: from epidemiology to molecular links. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Phosphodiesterase 4D Gene Modifies the Functional Network of Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. (cdc.gov)
  • This method provided a disciplined and systematic approach to classify neurological diseases based on integrating clinical signs and anatomical lesions. (freedissertation.com)