Discovery ozone. Medical search. Frequent questions

The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. (wikipedia.org)
The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth's atmosphere as a whole is about 0.3 parts per million. (wikipedia.org)
Nearly two-thirds of Earth's ozone is gone-not just over the poles, but everywhere. (nasa.gov)
Ozone is Earth's natural sunscreen, absorbing most of the incoming UV radiation from the sun and protecting life from DNA-damaging radiation. (nasa.gov)
Scientists are warning that a newly-discovered connection between climate change and depletion of the ozone layer over the US could allow more damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation to reach Earth's surface, leading to increased incidence of skin cancer. (sciencedaily.com)
As reported in a paper published in the July 27 issue of Science , a team of researchers led by James G. Anderson, the Philip S. Weld Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry, are warning that a newly-discovered connection between climate change and depletion of the ozone layer over the U.S. could allow more damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation to reach the Earth's surface, leading to increased incidence of skin cancer. (sciencedaily.com)
Recent studies have suggested that the number and intensity of such storms are linked to climate changes, Anderson said, which could in turn lead to increased ozone loss and greater levels of harmful UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, and potentially higher rates of skin cancer. (sciencedaily.com)
The ozone layer absorbs high-energy UV rays preventing them from reaching the earth's surface. (news-medical.net)
Catalytic destruction of the ozone layer, therefore, increases the amount of UV radiation act the earth's surface, exacerbating the risk-averse health effects. (news-medical.net)
The ozone layer is a region of the atmosphere located between 15 and 30 kilometers above the earth's surface. (news-medical.net)
In the 1980s it was discovered that the protective ozone layer over the North and South poles was becoming progressively thinner, thus allowing more and more harmful UV radia-tion to reach the Earth's surface. (mpic.de)
The hole in Earth's protective ozone layer that forms over Antarctica each September was the smallest seen since 1988, according to NASA and NOAA. (livescience.com)
And all that loose chlorine was tearing up the ozone layer, ripping up the chemical bonds of high-flying molecules that protect Earth's surface from ultraviolet radiation . (livescience.com)
According to IMK studies, occurrence of the Arctic ozone hole was mainly due to the extraordinarily cold temperatures in the ozone layer that is located at about 18 km height in the stratosphere, i.e. the second layer of Earth's atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
He points out that the increase in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases will warm up the bottom air layers near the ground due to the reflection of part of the thermal radiation by the bottom layer of the atmosphere towards Earth's surface, but also result in a cooling of the air layers of the stratosphere above, where the ozone layer is located. (sciencedaily.com)
Because the ozone layer prevents most harmful UVB wavelengths of ultraviolet light from entering the Earth's atmosphere, ozone depletion is a significant concern. (mongabay.com)
It's a unique form of anthropogenic pollution as it's able to infiltrate multiple layers of the atmosphere, with estimates putting around two-thirds of a launch's emissions at heights above 15 kilometers (9 miles) from Earth's surface, which is effectively the start of the ozone layer. (iflscience.com)
Remembering Dr. Mario Molina, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his 1974 discovery of the mortal threat to the earth's protective ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbons. (nrdc.org)

The relatively high atmospheric abundance of ozone (typically parts per million in the lower stratosphere) compared to halogen atoms and free radicals (parts per trillion) ensures that reaction (1) is the rate determining step in the ozone depletion cycle. (ucl.ac.uk)
It contains a high concentration of ozone (O3) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. (wikipedia.org)
The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 15 to 35 kilometers (9 to 22 mi) above Earth, although its thickness varies seasonally and geographically. (wikipedia.org)
The ozone molecule is unstable (although, in the stratosphere, long-lived) and when ultraviolet light hits ozone it splits into a molecule of O2 and an individual atom of oxygen, a continuing process called the ozone-oxygen cycle. (wikipedia.org)
O3}}} About 90 percent of the ozone in the atmosphere is contained in the stratosphere. (wikipedia.org)
Cloud particles in the cold stratosphere lead to reactions that destroy ozone molecules, which are made of three oxygen atoms. (kxlf.com)
In the system described by Anderson and his team, water vapor injected into the stratosphere by powerful thunderstorms converts stable forms of chlorine and bromine into free radicals capable of transforming ozone molecules into oxygen. (sciencedaily.com)
Here, ozone molecules absorb the UV, resulting in an increased temperature of the stratosphere. (news-medical.net)
Butchart of the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Keith Shine of the University of Reading calculate that if the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles - as is likely to happen by the middle of the 21st century - almost all the ozone in the lower stratosphere above the Arctic will be destroyed (Nature, 19 November, p 221). (newscientist.com)
The temperature of the stratosphere is one of the key factors in the springtime depletion of ozone above the Antarctic where in winter it gets colder than anywhere else on Earth, encouraging icy particles to form in polar stratospheric clouds. (newscientist.com)
Since the discovery of the ozone hole above the Antarctic, scientists have been studying the Arctic stratosphere intensively to determine how primed it is for ozone destruction. (newscientist.com)
They find that even if ozone-damaging chemicals (chiefly CFCs) are phased out in line with current international agreements, the amount of chlorine-bearing material in the stratosphere will continue to increase for several decades. (newscientist.com)
What are the health impacts of an expanded ozone hole ( Figure 2.1 ) that could result from a cooling of the stratosphere, which would be associated with climate change? (nationalacademies.org)
Much more field research is needed to track the rate of water vapor injections into the stratosphere, the attendant ozone depletion and the prevalence of skin cancer in the U.S. population. (smithsonianmag.com)
One of the main statements in the study: If the trend to colder temperatures in the stratosphere observed in the past decades will continue, repeated occurrence of an Arctic ozone hole has to be expected. (sciencedaily.com)
Future cooling of the stratosphere would enhance and extend the impacts of these substances on the ozone layer," says Dr. Björn-Martin Sinnhuber. (sciencedaily.com)
Such significant ozone loss requires very low temperatures in the stratosphere combined with sunlight. (mongabay.com)
Chlorofluorocarbons are the main class of chemical that depleted the ozone layer in the stratosphere. (natureasia.com)
The gases and particulates emitted by rockets as they punch through the stratosphere contribute to climate change and ozone depletion," explain the study authors. (iflscience.com)
An outstanding example which can be used to describe some of the complex connections of atmospheric processes is the evolution of the ozone layer in the stratosphere and its interrelation with climate change. (intechopen.com)
In addition, absorption of solar UV radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer causes the temperature of the stratosphere to increase with height, creating a stable layer that limits strong vertical air movement. (intechopen.com)
Approximately 90% of the total ozone amount is found in the stratosphere. (intechopen.com)
ozone concentrations in the troposphere are much lower than in the stratosphere. (intechopen.com)

The ozone layer over the Antarctic is expected to recover by 2070 as compounds used as coolants, called chlorofluorocarbons, decline. (kxlf.com)
Though they had worked since the mid-1980s to investigate ozone depletion in the Arctic and Antarctic, by the early-2000s, Anderson's team had turned their attention to climate studies. (sciencedaily.com)
In 1985, this concern of catalytic ozone destruction was increased following the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. (news-medical.net)
The role of carbon dioxide in depleting ozone was worked out in 1988, shortly after scientists identified the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole. (newscientist.com)
The WMO reports the lowest ever measurements of Antarctic stratospheric ozone - 105 Dobson units - from the South Pole a few weeks ago. (newscientist.com)
In the Arctic and Antarctic, though, the presence of holes in the ozone layer is tied to moisture. (smithsonianmag.com)
After the first discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole in the mid-1980s, CFCs were rapidly identified to be the cause and their use was prohibited by the Montreal Protocol of 1987. (sciencedaily.com)
Scientists from NASA and other agencies believe that the ozone hole over the Antarctic will recover around 2068, nearly 20 years later than estimated in the late 1990s. (mongabay.com)
The size of the Antarctic ozone hole at 12:00 GMT of each day from GOME (1996-2002) and SCIAMACHY (2003-2006) Assimilated Ozone Fields. (mongabay.com)
Since the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, scientists, policymakers, and the public have wondered whether we might someday see a similarly extreme depletion of ozone over the Arctic. (science20.com)
We'll continue to have cold years with extreme Antarctic ozone holes for a long time to come," Solomon says. (science20.com)
Although they had worked since the mid-1980s to investigate ozone depletion in the Arctic and Antarctic, by the early 2000s, Anderson's team had turned its attention to climate studies, in particular the question of how convective clouds - updrafts that cause storms to build high into the sky - contribute to the creation of cirrus clouds. (harvard.edu)
The authors just find that this process is now advanced enough for positive trends in Antarctic total-column ozone to become apparent, when previously such trends had been masked by natural variability. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
Much respected scientist Susan Solomon and colleagues from the USA and UK have published analysis showing that the Antarctic ozone hole is beginning to recover. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)

In 1976, atmospheric research revealed that the ozone layer was being depleted by chemicals released by industry, mainly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (wikipedia.org)
There, CFCs and their bromine-based counterparts break up into elemental chlorine and bromine that repeatedly catalyze ozone destruction. (nasa.gov)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in spray cans and refrigerants are the main contributors to the ozone hole. (mpic.de)
The global environmental agreement contributed significantly to the replacement of ozone-depleting CFCs with other substances and to the slow recovery of the ozone layer. (mpic.de)
A blockbuster study published in the journal Nature yesterday (May 16) revealed that for the first time since the 1980s, ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have ticked sharply upward in the atmosphere - suggesting a new source. (livescience.com)
Overall, atmospheric CFCs are still declining, and the ozone layer is still replenishing itself . (livescience.com)
That, along with the penalties for using CFCs, makes the discovery of a mysterious new source for one such chemical, CFC-11, particularly confusing. (livescience.com)
In the 1970s and 80s, people around the world grew increasingly alarmed as research revealed that chemicals we were producing-such as CFCs, used in refrigeration- had started destroying the crucial ozone layer, high up in the atmopshere, that protects us from the sun's harmful UV radiation. (smithsonianmag.com)
Because water vapor raises the air temperature in the immediate vicinity, it allows compounds such as chlorine-leftover from CFCs, which will remain in our atmosphere for decades-to undergo a chemical shift into a free radical form, which then depletes ozone. (smithsonianmag.com)
In 1987, following the discovery that these compounds were responsible for the ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the international community adopted the Montreal Protocol which banned the production of CFCs and halons as well as related ozone depleting chemicals. (mongabay.com)
The thinning of the ozone is caused by the presence of pollutants in the atmosphere such as chlorine, originating from man-made pollutants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which have still not vanished from the air despite being banned under the Montreal Protocol (1987). (mongabay.com)
When sunlight hits these clouds, it sparks a reaction between chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), human-made chemicals once used for refrigerants, foam blowing, and other applications - ultimately destroying ozone. (science20.com)
After the ozone-attacking properties of CFCs were discovered in the 1980s, countries across the world agreed to phase out their use as part of the 1987 Montreal Protocol treaty. (science20.com)
As a result, atmospheric concentrations have peaked and are now slowly declining, but it will be several decades before CFCs are totally eliminated from the environment - meaning there is still some risk of ozone depletion caused by CFCs. (science20.com)
It's really a success story of science and policy, where the right things were done just in time to avoid broader environmental damage," says Solomon, who made some of the first measurements in Antarctica that pointed toward CFCs as the primary cause of the ozone hole. (science20.com)
The authors used "fingerprints" of the ozone changes with season and altitude to attribute the ozone's recovery to the continuing decline of atmospheric chlorine originating from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
In 1987, virtually every country in the world, including New Zealand, signed on to the Montreal Protocol in a concerted effort to ban the use of CFCs and repair the ozone hole. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
The ozone layer is expected to continue to slowly recover as a direct result of the Montreal Protocol, which globally restricts the use of ozone depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
The main reason that CFCs were so harmful is because of their ability to damage the ozone layer - which is responsible for keeping humans safe from ultraviolet radiation (UV rays). (greenmatters.com)
According to National Geographic , an article published in 1974 detailed the consequences of using CFCs and how they could damage the ozone. (greenmatters.com)
This discovery was extremely important, as CFCs were used in many different products at the time. (greenmatters.com)
It wasn't long after that a hole in the ozone was linked to CFCS, according to National Geographic . (greenmatters.com)

The infamous ozone hole over Antarctica, first discovered in the 1980s, is a year-round fixture, with a twin over the North Pole. (nasa.gov)
These maps show computer model predictions of the state of the ozone layer in 2064 without (above left) and with (above right) the effects of international agreements to curb ozone-destroying chemicals in the 1980s and 90s. (nasa.gov)
In the 1980s, health impacts of ozone-depleting substances (ODS)-induced changes in the stratospheric ozone on the US population were studied by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (news-medical.net)
In the 1980s, Paul Crutzen studied the influence of ice particles in polar stratospheric clouds on ozone depletion. (mpic.de)
The recovery of the ozone layer from the 1980s to the present day likely saved the world from an environmental crisis. (iflscience.com)

The free atoms combine with nearby oxygen molecules to form a three o... xygen molecule, known as Ozone. (visual.ly)
Ozone is made when oxygen molecules (O 2 ) absorb ultraviolet light and split into individual atoms (O), which join with other O 2 molecules to make O 3 -ozone. (nasa.gov)
Ozone is destroyed when molecules containing nitrogen, hydrogen, chlorine, or bromine catalyze reactions that pair a single O atom with ozone (O 3 ) to make 2 molecules of O 2 . (nasa.gov)
The discovery was made by studying light from the Sun as it passed through the atmosphere, revealing the concentration of carbon dioxide gas molecules at various altitudes along the terminator - the dividing line between the day and night sides of the planet. (esa.int)
From there, they are distributed by planetary winds where the oxygen atoms will either combine into two-atom oxygen molecules, or form three-atom ozone. (universetoday.com)
The light from the sun produces radicals that damage the ozone molecules. (mpic.de)
His explanation: On the surface of these particles, chlorine and bromine become highly reactive, catalytically active forms that subsequently destroy ozone molecules. (mpic.de)
Just a single chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 ozone molecules , the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) explained. (greenmatters.com)

In the late 1970s, a springtime "hole" (areas with total ozone below 220 Dobson Units) developed in the ozone layer above Antarctica. (nasa.gov)
The September sunrise over Antarctica triggers ozone-destroying reactions by these reactive kinds of chlorine, and the ozone concentration over the South Pole drops from about 300 Dobson Units to as low as 100 Dobson Units. (nasa.gov)
In addition to keeping ozone depletion minimal, the weather systems responsible for the temperature shift reduced the jet stream around Antarctica from 161 miles per hour to 67. (kxlf.com)
The ozone hole above Antarctica in 2006. (mpic.de)
Climate change could produce an ozone hole over the U.S. similar to the one observed over Antarctica, above, in 2006. (smithsonianmag.com)
The European Space Agency (ESA) said that ozone loss in Antarctica hit a record in 2006. (mongabay.com)
ESA's announcement comes a little more than a week after the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reported that hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica will expand this year to 27.9 million square kilometers (10.8 million square miles), its second-highest recorded level in history. (mongabay.com)
This year's extreme loss of ozone can be explained by the temperatures above Antarctica reaching the lowest recorded in the area since 1979," ESA Atmospheric Engineer Claus Zehner said. (mongabay.com)
In the 30 years of international efforts to limit ozone-depleting chemicals, ozone levels in the Arctic haven't yet sunk to Antarctica levels. (science20.com)
While there is certainly some depletion of Arctic ozone, the extremes of Antarctica so far are very different from what we find in the Arctic, even in the coldest years," says Susan Solomon, Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Science at MIT and lead author of a paper on it in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . (science20.com)
While this dip did depress ozone levels, the decrease was nowhere near as drastic as the nearly complete loss of ozone in the heart of the layer seen in many years in Antarctica. (science20.com)
The MIT team's work also helps to show chemical reasons for the differences, demonstrating that ozone loss in Antarctica is closely associated with reduced levels of nitric acid in air that is colder than that in the Arctic. (science20.com)
After persisting for decades, the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica has begun to 'heal', exhibiting an ozone increase. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
But, the depletion of ozone over Antarctica in the spring remains a serious issue. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)

Yesterday, though, Harvard scientists hit us with some bad news: It looks as if climate change could actually cause the depletion of the ozone layer to resume on a wide scale, with grim implications for the United States. (smithsonianmag.com)

Senior scientist for the Environmental Defense Fund Michael Oppenheimer and science journalist Michael Lemonick of Time Magazine report on the developing hole in the ozone layer and the danger it hole poses. (charlierose.com)
In October 2019, the hole in the ozone layer was the smallest it has been since it was detected. (cei.org)

What kind of world was avoided by phasing out ozone-depleting substances? (nasa.gov)
Two years after its discovery, global governments came together to ban the ozone-depleting substances. (cei.org)
According to these studies, further cooling of the ozone layer may enhance the influence of ozone-destroying substances, e.g. chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), such that repeated occurrence of an ozone hole above the Arctic has to be expected. (sciencedaily.com)
It is a consequence of the successful implementation of the Montreal Protocol which regulates the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
The global agreement works towards the necessary protection of the ozone layer by ensuring compliancy in the phasing out of harmful chemicals known as ozone-depleting substances (ODS). (lu.se)

Chemists Mario J. Molina and Frank Sherwood Rowland had already warned of the negative impact of chlorofluorocarbons released by humans on the ozone layer. (mpic.de)
There, chlorine compounds originating from chlorofluorocarbons (CFC, e.g. greenhouse gases and refrigerants) and other pollutants are converted chemically at temperatures below -78°C. These chemical conversion products attack the ozone layer and destroy it partly. (sciencedaily.com)

The size of the ozone hole is the area on the globe in million square km of ozone column values below 220 Dobson units (DU). (mongabay.com)

What this research does is connect, for the first time, climate change with ozone depletion, and ozone loss is directly tied to increases in skin cancer incidence, because more ultraviolet radiation is penetrating the atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
Ironically, Anderson said, the discovery that climate change might be driving ozone loss happened virtually by accident. (sciencedaily.com)
Climate Change Could Erode Ozone Layer Over U.S. (smithsonianmag.com)
Extraordinarily cold temperatures in the winter of 2010/2011 caused the most massive destruction of the ozone layer above the Arctic so far: The mechanisms leading to the first ozone hole above the North Pole were studied by scientists of the KIT Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK). (sciencedaily.com)
According to Sinnhuber, further development of the ozone layer will consequently be influenced also by climate change. (sciencedaily.com)
However, as the ozone layer heals, the limelight shifts to the grander issue of climate change. (lu.se)
This year, the theme selected by the UN is Montreal Protocol: fixing the ozone layer and reducing climate change . (lu.se)
The theme underlines the pivotal role of the Montreal Protocol in not only healing the ozone layer but also in combatting climate change. (lu.se)
Health and climate change : modelling the impacts of global warming and ozone depletion / Pim Martens. (who.int)

Ozone science and monitoring have improved over the past two decades, and we have moved to a phase where we [scientists] need to be accountable," said Newman, who is serving as a co-chair for the latest "state of the science" assessment report required by the terms of the Montreal Protocol. (nasa.gov)
1987 saw the signing of the Montreal Protocol for the protection of the ozone layer. (mpic.de)
In response, world governments came together to sign the Montreal Protocol in 1987, which phased out the production of ozone-depleting chemicals. (smithsonianmag.com)
Join Joy and co-host Asa as they whisk listeners from the birth of ozone-depleting chemicals, to the scientific discovery that these chemicals were destroying our atmosphere, to the stunning act of international cooperation that lead to the Montreal Protocol, the world's most successful environmental agreement to this day. (tunein.com)
The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to reverse the hole burned into the ozone layer by humans' emissions, but just as full recovery is in our sights, scientists are warning that overlooking the impact an uptick in rocket launches could have on the upper atmosphere could see us slip back. (iflscience.com)
For a few years, scientists have been arguing whether ozone recovery is now evident or not (one or two authors had used questionable methods to infer this), but the longer the Montreal Protocol is in place, the easier ozone recovery will be to identify and the more unambiguous the finding will be. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
I am a member of UNEP's "Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion Panel" almost since its start after the Montreal Protocol. (lu.se)

Unlike the onset of the ozone hole (whose discovery in 1985 came as a shock) the beginning of its demise does not come as a surprise. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)

His team envisioned what the Earth would have looked like with high concentrations of ozone-destroying chemicals in the atmosphere. (nasa.gov)
Worst of all, such ozone-depleting chemicals can reside for several decades in the atmosphere before breaking down. (nasa.gov)
The ozone hole phenomenon opened the eyes of the world to the effects of human activity on the atmosphere. (nasa.gov)
Unusual weather patterns in the upper atmosphere limited depletion of ozone, the layer in our atmosphere that acts like sunscreen and protects us from ultraviolet radiation. (kxlf.com)
This year, ozonesonde measurements at the South Pole did not show any portions of the atmosphere where ozone was completely depleted," said atmospheric scientist Bryan Johnson at NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory. (kxlf.com)
This ozone detection tells us a lot about the circulation and the chemistry of Venus' atmosphere," says Hakan Svedhem, ESA Project Scientist for the Venus Express mission. (universetoday.com)
Ozone is a protective layer found about 25 kilometres above us mostly in the stratospheric stratum of the atmosphere that acts as a sunlight filter shielding life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays. (mongabay.com)
Now, new research has done just that, highlighting the need for proper management of the upper atmosphere environment if we're to avoid accidentally breaking open the ozone layer in our pursuit of discovery. (iflscience.com)
Gases and particulates are emitted by rockets directly into the middle and upper atmosphere, where the protective ozone layer resides," write the authors on a new paper. (iflscience.com)
The chemicals that drive ozone depletion have been decreasing in concentration for several years, but they have long lifetimes in the atmosphere and it will be decades yet before the ozone layer will have entirely recovered. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)

The annual ozone hole forms when rays from the sun interact with the ozone and man-made compounds such as chlorine and bromine to deplete the ozone, according to NASA. (kxlf.com)
While earlier tests performed in the Arctic had demonstrated that water vapor was a key component in creating the "free-radical" compounds that break down ozone, Anderson said the latest finding is much more troubling, because it suggests the process can happen at much higher temperatures than initially suspected. (sciencedaily.com)
Lower limits will certainly force many state and local governments to impose additional requirements to reduce emissions of the compounds that form ozone. (aapg.org)
The hole results from the "catalytic destruction" of ozone by atomic chlorine and bromine, the source of which is primarily chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compounds known as "freons" and bromofluorocarbon compounds known as Halons. (mongabay.com)
In addition, as an important drug discovery tool, IPA predicted several compounds that might be useful to ameliorate the inflammatory phenotype. (cdc.gov)

The ozone layer absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultraviolet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms near the surface. (wikipedia.org)

Although the concentration of the ozone in the ozone layer is very small, it is vitally important to life because it absorbs biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun. Extremely short or vacuum UV (10-100 nm) is screened out by nitrogen. (wikipedia.org)
Because ozone absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultra-violet rays… and because it is believed to be a by-product of life itself. (universetoday.com)

By picking apart the wavelengths, ozone was detected through its absorption of ultraviolet light. (universetoday.com)

These species are known to destroy atmospheric ozone through the reaction schemes such as: (1) XO + XO → 2X + O2 (2) X + O3 → XO + O2 Here, species X represents a halogen atom: Cl, Br or I, and this halogen atom is continously regenerated following flux through reactions (1) and (2) promoting further ozone destruction. (ucl.ac.uk)

Extraordinarily cold temperatures in the winter of 2010/2011 caused the most massive destruction of the ozone layer above the Arctic so far: The mechanisms leading to the first ozone hole above the North Pole have now been investigated. (sciencedaily.com)
About a year ago, IMK scientists, together with colleagues from Oxford, detected that ozone degradation above the Arctic for the first time reached an extent comparable to that of the ozone hole above the South Pole. (sciencedaily.com)
We found that further decrease in temperature by just 1°C would be sufficient to cause a nearly complete destruction of the Arctic ozone layer in certain areas," says Dr. Björn-Martin Sinnhuber, main author of the study. (sciencedaily.com)
In December, the researchers started a new measurement campaign in the Arctic ozone layer in Northern Sweden using a high-altitude aircraft. (sciencedaily.com)
They found that Arctic ozone levels did drop significantly during an extended period of unusual cold in the spring of 2011. (science20.com)
We can't be sure that there will never be extreme Arctic ozone losses in an unusually cold future year, but so far, so good - and that's good news. (science20.com)

Ozone is a highly reactive gas made of three atoms of Oxygen. (visual.ly)

But when temperatures are warmer, these clouds don't form, which limits ozone destruction. (kxlf.com)
This is only the third time in 40 years when warm temperatures caused by weather systems have actually helped limit the ozone hole, NASA said in a statement. (kxlf.com)
A long-term decrease in ozone might systematically affect stratospheric temperatures so that the beginning of winter could be colder than in our simulation,' say Austin and his colleagues. (newscientist.com)
However, it is not yet possible to predict whether temperatures will be low enough over a longer term to cause a comparably large degradation of ozone in this winter. (sciencedaily.com)
Frigid temperatures can spur ozone loss because they create prime conditions for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds. (science20.com)

UK-led scientists have made a discovery about snake venom that could lead to the development of new drugs to treat a range of life-threatening conditions like cancer, diabetes and high blood pressure. (earthsky.org)

The "Dobson unit", a convenient measure of the amount of ozone overhead, is named in his honor. (wikipedia.org)
The amount of ozone detected is also critical to refining models. (universetoday.com)
The ozone loss is the amount of ozone in megaton necessary to fill the ozone hole to 220 Dobson units (DU) over the whole area. (mongabay.com)

In a seminal paper published in 1974, Molinda and Rowland described efficient catalytic destruction of the ozone as a consequence of human-made chlorofluoromethanes. (news-medical.net)

Its properties were explored in detail by the British meteorologist G. M. B. Dobson, who developed a simple spectrophotometer (the Dobsonmeter) that could be used to measure stratospheric ozone from the ground. (wikipedia.org)
Between 1928 and 1958, Dobson established a worldwide network of ozone monitoring stations, which continue to operate to this day. (wikipedia.org)
The size of this year's ozone hole is 28 million square km, nearly as large as the record ozone hole extension during 2000, and the depth of the ozone hole is around 100 Dobson Units, rivalling the record low ozone values in 1998. (mongabay.com)
A Dobson unit is a unit of measurement that describes the thickness of the ozone layer in a column directly above the location being measured. (mongabay.com)

These show that just such a long-term decrease is taking place, and that there were unusually low values of ozone concentration in 1992 between latitudes 50 degrees North and 60 degrees North, covering Northern Europe, Russia and Canada. (newscientist.com)

Ozone concentrations are greatest between about 20 and 40 kilometres (66,000 and 131,000 ft), where they range from about 2 to 8 parts per million. (wikipedia.org)
The EPA science advisory committee said "ample scientific evidence" exists that ozone is harmful at lower levels than previously thought, citing studies showing it decreased lung function and increased respiratory symptoms and airway inflammation even at concentrations of 70 parts per billion. (aapg.org)
Among these, ozone concentrations have improved 33 percent from 1980 to 2013 and 18 percent from 2000 to 2013. (aapg.org)

What Are the Health Benefits of Protecting the Ozone Layer? (news-medical.net)

The effects of ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) oxidation of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) surfaces have been studied using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. (dundee.ac.uk)
In this study, a stepwise oxidation system of potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) combined with ozone (O3) was used to degrade ciprofloxacin (CIP). (bvsalud.org)

Eventually the spectrum of the missing radiation was matched to only one known chemical, ozone. (wikipedia.org)
Concerns that increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion threatened life on Earth, including increased skin cancer in humans and other ecological problems, led to bans on the chemicals, and the latest evidence is that ozone depletion has slowed or stopped. (wikipedia.org)
The primary protection against solar UV radiation is the stratospheric ozone layer. (news-medical.net)
The stratospheric ozone layer (located around 15 to 35 km) protects life on Earth because it filters out a large part of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation (wavelength range between 100 nm and 380 nm) which is emitted by the sun. (intechopen.com)
The results of a comprehensive study of the patterns of structural and functional changes in bone tissue samples after combined (ozone + radiation) sterilization are presented. (bvsalud.org)
The study used a different approach to the sterilization process with selective ozone or radiation exposure and an integral, combined one, based on a combined ozone-oxygen treatment of bone samples at the first stage and radiation at the second. (bvsalud.org)

This possibility is set in a disturbing context by the latest measurements of stratospheric ozone by the World Meteorological Organization. (newscientist.com)

But the researchers' discovery that there may be many harmless versions of venom toxins throughout a snake's body opens the door to a whole new era of drug discovery. (earthsky.org)
In the warmer air above the U.S., the researchers measured that the local presence of water vapor increased the rate of ozone erosion as high as one hundredfold. (smithsonianmag.com)
Because this mechanism has only been detected now, there are no historical data about how much water vapor has been moved upward by such storms over time, and so the researchers can't say just how much total increased ozone depletion has occurred so far. (smithsonianmag.com)
To obtain their findings, the researchers used balloon and satellite data from the heart of the ozone layer over both polar regions. (science20.com)
Researchers in countries like the Netherlands and France continued studying its properties, and by the early 1900s, the French city of Nice started using ozone to clean water. (ozonepurewater.com)
New research from US and UK researchers, published in Science , reports that international efforts to control ozone-depleting chemicals are paying off. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)

ESA reports that ozone measurements made by the Envisat satellite showed the ozone loss of 40 million tons of ozone, a level exceeding the previous record ozone loss of about 39 million tonnes for 2000. (mongabay.com)
Ozone measurements made by ESA's Envisat satellite have revealed the ozone loss of 40 million tonnes on 2 October 2006 has exceeded the record ozone loss of about 39 million tonnes for 2000. (mongabay.com)
This year's record ozone loss was reached because these two measurements occurred during the same time period. (mongabay.com)

Looking at the precursors of ozone, EPA reports that VOC emissions have declined from 17 million tons per year in 2000 to 14 million tons in 2013. (aapg.org)
Ozone healing would have started in ~2000 when the stratospheric chlorine loading started to decrease. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
Evaluation of how the ozone depletion during the years 1974-2000 has affected terrestrial plant productivity. (lu.se)

The answer is quite clear -- if you multiply the fractional decrease in ozone protection by about three, you get the increase in skin cancer incidence. (sciencedaily.com)

It's great news for ozone in the Southern Hemisphere," said Paul Newman, chief scientist for earth sciences at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. (kxlf.com)

While the discovery of chlorine led to some nations and cities moving away from using ozone for water treatment purposes, the potential side effects of chlorine disinfection - specifically, the production of harmful byproducts called trihalomethanes - forced many people around the world to reconsider the benefits of using ozone for treating water. (ozonepurewater.com)

By late spring, the rising temperature stops the ozone destruction cycle. (nasa.gov)
DU stands for the total thickness of ozone in a given vertical column if it were concentrated into a single slab at standard temperature and atmospheric pressure - 400 DUs is equivalent to a thickness of four millimetres, for example. (mongabay.com)

Humans' curiosity has seen the space industry explode in the 21st century, as thirst for adventure, discovery, and internet memes has grown. (iflscience.com)

However, in October 2021, SoClean sued Philips , arguing that it was attempting to use the ozone cleaning machine as a scape goat for what it called a "glaring design flaw" that placed a defective sound abatement foam directly in the machine's air pathways. (aboutlawsuits.com)

However, both plaintiffs and SoClean opposed the request, arguing that the primary issues in the SoClean lawsuits related to the safety of the CPAP sanitizing devices and health risks caused by ozone exposure. (aboutlawsuits.com)
Mostly, I am driven by curiosity, but now and then I have had practical goals in sight: saving the ozone layer, finding a way of early detection of plant disease, finding a recipe for optimum exposure to sunlight (avoiding skin cancer and other damage, while still getting enough vitamin D). (lu.se)
It is shown that the ozone exposure used at the first stage of the combined sterilization process of bone implants does not lead to negative consequences with respect to their properties and characteristics. (bvsalud.org)

The ozone does not completely disinfect the tooth and you end up with the same situation in the end as with conventional techniques. (spiritofchange.org)
Ozone has been proven to disinfect water and remove microorganisms, including many of those that have developed a resistance to other disinfectants. (ozonepurewater.com)

These emissions have been shown to damage ozone," something that we're mere decades away from fixing after it was torn apart by the boom in aerosols back in the late 70s. (iflscience.com)
However there remains some uncertainty in the rate of recovery, with atmospheric emissions of nitrous oxide (an unregulated ozone depleting substance) continuing to climb. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)

This is one of the major discoveries made by Venus Express during the last eight years. (esa.int)
Every day brings on new discoveries and now ESA's Venus Express spacecraft has delivered another… the red-hot planet has an ozone layer. (universetoday.com)
This wonderful discovery was made while Venus Express was busy watching stars at the periphery. (universetoday.com)

Science News reports on crucial research and discovery across science disciplines. (sciencenews.org)
At the time of the 2014 Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion (which summarizes the state of ozone science every four years) they erred on the side of caution and in the Assessment for Decision Makers only wrote that the ozone hole continues to occur every spring. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)

There has been a major effort by the medical community to define the relationship between decreases in ozone and the subsequent increases in skin cancer," he said. (sciencedaily.com)
Regular and consistent increases in ozone have been detected using several different methods, giving a clear signal that the ozone hole is healing. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)

Anatomy1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes7

Disciplines and Occupations2

Health Care12

Geographicals1

Earth's18

Stratosphere23

Antarctic14

CFCs22

1980s5

Molecules8

Antarctica14

Depletion of th1

Hole in the Ozone2

Substances5

Chlorofluorocarbons2

Below 2201

Climate9

Montreal Protocol7

19851

Atmosphere10

Compounds5

Layer absorbs1

Absorbs2

Ultraviolet light1

Destroy1

Arctic6

Highly reactive1

Temperatures5

Scientists1

Amount of ozone3

Catalytic destruction1

Dobson4

Concentration1

Concentrations3

Protecting the Ozone1

Oxidation2

Radiation6

World Meteorologic1

Researchers6

Measurements3

20003

Decrease1

Paul Newman1

Harmful1

Temperature2

21st century1

20211

Exposure3

Disinfect2

Emissions2

Venus Express3

Science2

Increases2