LaminectomyDiskectomyIntervertebral Disc DisplacementDiskectomy, PercutaneousLumbar VertebraeCervical VertebraeDecompression, SurgicalSpinal FusionSpinal Cord CompressionSpondylosisSpinal StenosisRadiculopathyIntervertebral DiscEpidural SpaceInternal FixatorsDura MaterLongitudinal LigamentsMyelographyLigamentum FlavumIntervertebral Disc DegenerationSpinal Cord DiseasesSpinal OsteophytosisSciaticaThoracic VertebraeHematoma, Epidural, SpinalArachnoiditisLumbosacral RegionSacrumSpinal CanalMicrosurgeryForaminotomyDiscitisEpidural AbscessSpinal Cord NeoplasmsSpinal NeoplasmsSpinal Nerve RootsSpinal DiseasesCauda EquinaEndoscopyTreatment OutcomeSpineBack PainOperating TablesTotal Disc ReplacementSpondylolisthesisCervical AtlasSurgical Procedures, Minimally InvasiveBone PlatesPostoperative ComplicationsMagnetic Resonance ImagingLow Back PainOssification of Posterior Longitudinal LigamentFailed Back Surgery SyndromeIntervertebral Disc ChemolysisZygapophyseal JointLordosisArthroplastyTorsion, MechanicalParaparesisOssification, HeterotopicPain MeasurementSyringomyeliaParaplegiaBone TransplantationFollow-Up StudiesNeurosurgical ProceduresNeurosurgeryRetrospective StudiesTissue AdhesionsPolyradiculopathyRange of Motion, ArticularSpinal Cord InjuriesKyphosisSpinal CordCadaverArachnoidBiomechanical PhenomenaRecovery of FunctionArachnoid CystsTabes DorsalisKetonesMeningoceleNeck PainPiriformis Muscle SyndromeTomography, X-Ray ComputedReoperationPain, PostoperativeEndoscopesBlood Loss, SurgicalAtlanto-Axial JointProspective StudiesDisability EvaluationPseudarthrosisArnold-Chiari MalformationOdontoid ProcessNerve Compression SyndromesShear StrengthProstheses and ImplantsSynovial CystDislocations