DipeptidesAlaninePlacebo EffectAlanine TransaminaseDouble-Blind MethodCarnosineAlanine RacemaseInterleukin-1betaDipeptidasesbeta 2-MicroglobulinMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceAlanine DehydrogenaseAmino AcidsKineticsReceptors, Adrenergic, betaIntegrin beta3Nod2 Signaling Adaptor ProteinOligopeptidesGlycylglycineGlycineMutagenesis, Site-DirectedStructure-Activity RelationshipBinding SitesSubstrate SpecificityRecombinant ProteinsCross-Over StudiesSymportersBase SequenceDiketopiperazinesDose-Response Relationship, DrugModels, MolecularTransforming Growth Factor betaTreatment OutcomeAnserineMutationPeptidesCell LineProtein ConformationTime FactorsGlycopeptidesCells, CulturedHydrolysisLeucineBiological TransportGlutamineEscherichia coliProlineIntegrin alpha5beta1Integrin beta4Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationAmino Acid SubstitutionAspartate AminotransferasesIntegrin alpha6beta4Integrin beta Chainsbeta 2-Glycoprotein ISequence Homology, Amino AcidRNA, MessengerStereoisomerismInterleukin-1Administration, OralDipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-PeptidasesIntegrin alpha4beta1Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2Cathepsin CLiverCloning, MolecularAminopeptidasesAdjuvants, ImmunologicCefadroxilIntegrin alpha2beta1Carrier ProteinsPeptide SynthasesCephalexinSignal TransductionIntestinal AbsorptionPhosphorylationMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyPhenylalanineIntegrinsAntigens, CD29RabbitsSerineTransfectionPeptide FragmentsPeptidoglycanProtein Structure, SecondaryBacterial ProteinsIntegrin alpha6beta1Drug Therapy, CombinationPeptides, CyclicAspartic AcidValineReceptors, Adrenergic, beta-1HistidineLysineChromatography, High Pressure LiquidMice, Inbred C57BLAdrenergic beta-AgonistsRecombinant Fusion Proteins