• In a normal cell, the bulk genome is highly methylated at CpGs, whereas CpG islands (CPI) at gene promoter regions remain highly unmethylated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aberrant DNAm is the most common type of molecular abnormality in cancer cells, where the bulk genome becomes globally 'hypomethylated' and CPIs in promoter regions become 'hypermethylated', usually leading to silencing of tumour suppressor genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This plot shows the dynamic methylation landscape of the human genome, where the x axis (left) corresponds to the maximal observed methylation change across 24 human cell and tissue types, y is the median total methylation and z is the density of CpG dinucleotides. (mpg.de)
  • The Genome Regulation Group is a mixed group of experimental and computational biologists that uses genomic tools to study developmental and stem cell biology with a particular interest in the role of epigenetic regulation. (mpg.de)
  • Their work utilizes early mouse development as well as various mouse and human stem cell paradigms to dissect basic molecular mechanisms including the role of DNA methylation and other epigenetic modifications in gene and genome regulation. (mpg.de)
  • The underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but epigenetic regulation, mediated by DNA methylation and chromatin organization, provides an intricate platform bridging genetics and the environment, and allows for the integration of intrinsic and environmental signals into the genome and subsequent translation of the genome into stable yet adaptive functions in the brain. (upenn.edu)
  • Besides its role in the regulation of genes, DNA methylation silences repetitive elements and appears to be important for the stability of the mammalian genome. (caister.com)
  • DNA methylation is the most commonly studied epigenetic mark in humans, as it is well recognised as a stable, heritable mark that can affect genome function and influence gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • The current study investigated the role of dynamic methylation acting together with gene variants in an individual over time to gain insight into the evolving epigenome-genome interplay that affects biochemical pathways controlling physiological processes during aging. (fortuneonline.org)
  • In the p-arm of chromosome 5 where patients are hemizygous, we find stronger changes in methylation of CpG sites than what is seen in the rest of the genome, but this effect is less pronounced in gene regulatory sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, BaP triggered genome-wide epigenetic alterations by methylation, which might cause disturbances in regulation of gene expression, and thereby induced cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been proved that BaP reduced genome-wide DNA methylation, and activated proto-oncogene by hypomethylation in the promoter region, but silenced tumor suppressor genes by promoter hypermethylation, resulting in cancer initiation and progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, I analysed publicly available whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), RNA-seq and chromatin immuno-precipitation followed by massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) data of developing embryonic and adult somatic tissue of 3 vertebrate species to elucidate the evolutionary epigenetic regulation of CTAs in vertebrate genomes. (edu.au)
  • Here, we study gene body DNA methylation (gbM) and gene expression patterns in ecotypes from contrasting thermal environments of two marine plants with contrasting life history strategies in order to explore the potential role epigenetic mechanisms could play in gene plasticity and responsiveness to heat stress. (nature.com)
  • Although we cannot discern whether gbM regulates gene expression or vice versa, or if other molecular mechanisms play a role in facilitating transcriptome responsiveness, our findings point to the existence of a relationship between gene responsiveness and gbM patterns in marine plants. (nature.com)
  • The mechanisms by which gene expression, and thus phenotypic plasticity, are influenced and regulated remain poorly understood in most organisms. (nature.com)
  • Our results suggest translation disrupting mechanisms relating uORF variation to reduced protein expression, and demonstrate that translation at uORFs is genetically constrained in 50% of human genes. (nature.com)
  • The Developmental Genetics Research Group studies epigenetic regulation of organ development and stem cell functions, mediated by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins and DNA methylation (5mC) mechanisms. (riken.jp)
  • Recent advances in understanding the role that epigenetics plays in cancer pathogenesis and understanding the mechanisms through which these processes regulate gene expression have stimulated considerable interest in developing clinically viable antineoplastic agents that target enzymatic components of transcriptional regulatory complexes responsible for the establishment of pathologic epigenetic modifications that lead to deregulated gene expression in cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 3. Gempe T, Beye M. Function and evolution of sex determination mechanisms, genes and pathways in insects. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In addition to classical gene regulatory networks noted above, we have recently identified a central role for additional biologic mechanisms, namely gene regulation by chromatin regulators and by noncoding RNAs. (stanford.edu)
  • Epigenetic control of gene expression lasts through multiple cell divisions without alterations in primary DNA sequence and can occur via mechanisms that include histone modification and DNA methylation. (stanford.edu)
  • Noncoding RNA sequences can regulate gene expression via interactions with epigenetic and other control mechanisms. (stanford.edu)
  • Although many of the volatile constituents of flavor and aroma in citrus have been identified, the knowledge of molecular mechanisms and regulation of volatile production are very limited. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our aim was to understand mechanisms of flavor volatile production and regulation in mandarin fruit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, it is important to characterize the molecular mechanisms and regulation of flavor in order to understand the complexity of this trait. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies on the mechanisms that regulate UGT genes, in a temporal and tissue-specific manner, should contribute significantly to understanding the basis for these differences. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The process of cell fate determination is tightly regulated by intricate molecular networks, with epigenetic mechanisms playing a central role in orchestrating gene expression patterns that drive cellular differentiation. (scitechnol.com)
  • By gaining a deeper understanding into the mechanisms behind this highly conserved pattern of gene repression on a specific subset of genes, we would be able to identify methods to prevent aberrant gene expression. (edu.au)
  • Integrative WGBS, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis revealed that CTAs are evolutionarily conserved in zebrafish, mice and humans and mechanisms of their epigenetic regulation are also conserved. (edu.au)
  • Further chapters deal with epigenetics in relation to cancers, premature aging, longevity and the developmental origins of disease. (caister.com)
  • Although genetics have played a dominant role in cancer research, epigenetics (heritable changes in gene function that do not involve alterations in DNA sequence) has become equally important in this field. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence itself. (scitechnol.com)
  • The term epigenetics covers changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the gene itself. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • DNA methyltransferases are not limited to catalyzing DNA methylation, but also take part in the regulation of gene expression through interactions with other proteins that repress transcription and modify chromatin structure. (caister.com)
  • We showed that PcG proteins bind unmethylated CpG dinucleotides via the CxxC domain of KDM2B, which is a component of the non-canonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (ncPRC1). (riken.jp)
  • RING1 proteins contribute to early proximal-distal specification of the forelimb bud by restricting Meis2 expression. (riken.jp)
  • A combination of methods, including the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography, was used to identify proteins, measure gene expression levels, volatiles, sugars, organic acids and carotenoids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The UGT1 family constitutes a complex gene locus on human chromosome 2q37 and comprises 13 first exons that encode the unique N-terminal domains of the UGT1A proteins and exons 2 to 5 that encode the C-terminal domain, which is identical in all UGT1A family members ( Owens and Ritter, 1992 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Transcriptional factors are proteins that have a specific tertiary structure or shape and as a result they become attached to a promoter section of DNA in front of a gene ('upstream' from it). (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Being proteins, transcriptional factors are produced by ribosomes in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes, and they are coded for by genes in the nucleus. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
  • Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)
  • CpG sites linked to these symptoms where Cri du chat patients have strong DNA methylation changes are enriched for binding of the polycomb EZH2 complex, H3K27me3, and H3K4me2, indicating changes to bivalent promoters, known to be central to embryonic developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns change over time, and vary between developmental stage and tissue type. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most cell types have relatively stable CpG dinucleotide methylation patterns and our understanding of which CpGs participate in genomic regulation is still relatively limited. (mpg.de)
  • Placenta-associated pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, are all associated with aberrant patterns of DNA methylation and expression which are only now being linked to disease risk later in life. (frontiersin.org)
  • Accumulating evidence demonstrates that many of the 17 human UGTs characterized to date exhibit tissue-specific patterns of expression. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Stacked bar graphs showing different patterns of enriched spatial expression based on RNA-seq of dissected gastrula tissues (Blitz et al. (xenbase.org)
  • Different cell types, developmental stages, and environmental cues can lead to distinct epigenetic landscapes, influencing gene expression patterns and ultimately determining cell fate [ 6 ]. (scitechnol.com)
  • These processes influence gene expression patterns or cellular phenotypes and disease states with no underlying change in DNA sequence. (emjreviews.com)
  • Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
  • Background: Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. (researchgate.net)
  • CpG island methylation and histone modifications appear to play a role in the epigenetic regulation of CTA expression, however, very little is known about their functions in vivo. (edu.au)
  • I observed that histone modifications could potentially serve as an indicator of the methylation status of CTA gene promoters and that the expression of CTAs was inversely related to gene promoter 5mC levels. (edu.au)
  • DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)
  • Specific uORFs are known to control protein expression by tuning translation rates of downstream protein-coding sequences, and potential uORFs have been identified in ~50% of all human protein-coding genes 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • we propose a system of FCGR3A regulation in human NK cells in which CpG dinucleotide sequences and concurrent DNA methylation confer developmental and cell type-specific transcriptional regulation, whereas miR-218 provides an additional layer of posttranscriptional regulation during the maturation process. (cusabio.com)
  • Secondly, the locally hypermethylation of the tumor suppressor gene promoter, and thirdly, 5mC-containing-DNA sequences or direct mutations exposed to ultraviolet light or other carcinogens [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A subset of high quality and rare information, retrieved and organized by systematic literature- searching tools from existing databases, and related to a subset of genes functioning together in '-omic' sciences. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Given that 5mC mediated gene repression has been found to exist in vertebrate genomes and CTAs have also been identified to be a subset of highly evolutionarily conserved genes, it is critical to understand the role of 5mC mediated CTA silencing in vertebrates. (edu.au)
  • I demonstrate that CTAs when over-expressed cause embryonic lethality in zebrafish and the same genes are aberrantly hypomethylated at their CpG islands in a subset of human cancers. (edu.au)
  • The majority of RTT cases are associated with mutations on the X-linked gene encoding MeCP2, a methyl-CpG binding protein involved in organizing chromatin and modulating gene expression. (upenn.edu)
  • 4 Acute hyperglycaemia leads to chronic metabolic and haemodynamic derangements, 5 which trigger chromatin structural changes, transcription factor activation, and gene expression. (emjreviews.com)
  • the gene encoding the monolignol biosynthetic enzyme cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad, e.c. 1.1.1.195) can be expressed in response to different developmental and environmental cues. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Cytosine modifications in DNA such as 5-methylcytosine (5mC) underlie a broad range of developmental processes, maintain cellular lineage specification, and can define or stratify types of cancer and other diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reversible epigenetic changes within the loci of genes that regulate critical cell processes have recently emerged as important biomarkers of disease pathology. (fortuneonline.org)
  • The interplay between epigenetic events is manifested in the regulation of major biological processes [5] such as development, differentiation, genomic imprinting, and X Chromosome Inactivation (XCI). (fortuneonline.org)
  • DNA methylation has been shown to be involved in numerous processes, including X-chromosome inactivation in mammals, retrotransposon silencing, genomic imprinting, carcinogenesis and the regulation of tissue specific gene expression during development. (edu.au)
  • Functional states of the sodium channel (closed, open, and inactivated) and their structure help to understand the cardiac regulation processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • PCGF6-PRC1 suppresses premature differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells by regulating germ cell-related genes. (riken.jp)
  • These promoters have about used as pointwise lines in a Cox buy gene, alongside any active modeled enzyme Genes, which can analyze also adopted presenting time-dependent gene. (scoutconnection.com)
  • Gene set enrichment analysis using patient DNA methylation changes in gene promoters revealed enrichment of genes controlling embryonic development and genes linked to symptoms which are among the most common symptoms of Cri du chat syndrome: developmental delay and microcephaly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the ubiquitous nature of Sox TFs and Wnt signaling, this mechanism has important implications across a diverse range of developmental and disease contexts. (xenbase.org)
  • Given that the minor spliceosome is ubiquitously expressed, we hypothesized that these restricted phenotypes might be caused by the tissue-specific regulation of the minor spliceosome targets, i.e. minor intron-containing genes (MIGs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, it seems appropriate to consider the "sodium channel syndrome" (mutations in the gene of the α subunit of the sodium channel, SCN5A gene) as a single clinical entity that may manifest in a wide range of phenotypes, to thus have a better insight on these cardiac syndromes and potential outcomes for their clinical treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • The ability of genes or alleles to affect the representation of the host organism in a biome is an operational definition for the "function" of the gene (in that context). (genomicglossaries.com)
  • multiple alleles at qtl allow the examination of interaction among alleles at qtl (deviation from additive gene action). (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Expression can be controlled by reversible post-translational modifications on histone amino acid tails, with complex cross-talk between modifications ( Kouzarides, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Using CRISPR-mediated genomic and epigenomic editing techniques, we are prepared to evaluate the causal relationship between stress-induced epigenetic changes and maladaptive behaviors, and to elucidate the key signaling pathways that mediate gene-environment interactions in the brain. (upenn.edu)
  • two genes preferentially expressed in differentiating xylem of loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.) were cloned from cdna and genomic libraries and designated ptx3h6 and ptx14a9. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Both the E- and genomic estimates are several in complex buy unreal engine game development blueprints discover all the secrets, and the longitudinal Genes for this immune network present Uni01 from the acidic LMM enzymes, with D co-founded However therapeutic. (scoutconnection.com)
  • comprehensive genomic analysis of cell wall genes in aspergillus nidulans. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Methylation at CpG islands of mammalian miR-9 genes was assessed in fetal murine neural stem cells (mNSCs) by methylation-specific PCR, and miRNA processing assessed by qRT-PCR for pre-miR-9 transcripts. (blogspot.com)
  • In mammalian cells, histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9) methylation and histone hypoacetylation are usually associated with methylated DNA, heterochromatin, and gene silencing. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The UGT2 family, in contrast, is encoded by separate genes clustered on chromosome 4q13 and consists of the UGT2A and UGT2B subfamilies. (aspetjournals.org)
  • lipid transfer protein genes of loblolly pine are members of a complex gene family. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The classic view of information processing in the cell by gene expression occurs through transcription followed by translation. (nature.com)
  • We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
  • Studies on rodent UGT genes have demonstrated that the transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1) and CAAT-enhancer binding protein are important positive regulators of UGT expression in the liver (Hansen et al. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Lineage specification is governed by gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that integrate the activity of signaling effectors and transcription factors (TFs) on enhancers. (xenbase.org)
  • Although the formation of messenger RNA, based on the structure of a section of DNA making a gene, and its function in the coding for the sequence of of amino acids in the resulting polypeptides is well known, less is known about the mechanism by which specific genes are selected for transcription and translation. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • the transcription of genes to produce functional mRNA molecules that are then translated by ribosomes to form polypeptides the involvement in protein synthesis of tRNA molecules that are also encoded by genes. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • They pass back into the nucleus to perform their roles in initiating transcription of other genes. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Transcription factors contain a DNA-binding domain (DBD), which attaches to the specific sequence of DNA adjacent to the genes that they regulate. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • The activated oestrogen receptor (ER) acts as a transcription factor regulating various gene expression events such as development of breast tissue in puberty and pregnancy. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Cancer/Testis Antigens (CTAs) are a group of genes that encode tumour specific antigens and are expressed in the testis, certain cancers but not in normal post-natal somatic tissues. (edu.au)
  • Here we show that bivalent domains and chromosome architecture for bivalent genes are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle in human pluripotent cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Importantly, this relative enrichment is not driven by changes in the methylation of genes on chromosome 5. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We do not know which gene(s) on the p-arm of chromosome 5 that causes epigenetic changes when hemizygous, but an important contribution from this work is making the pool of possible causative genes smaller. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These mutations decrease the binding of MeCP2 to methylated DNA and concomitantly reduce MeCP2 protein stability, leading to gene expression and cellular morphological changes in a neuronal cell type-specific manner. (upenn.edu)
  • However, with the present data we cannot conclude about the sequence of events between DNA methylation changes and other cellular functions-the observed differences could be directly driving epigenetic changes, a result of other epigenetic changes, or they could be a reflection of other gene regulatory changes such as changed gene expression levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MiRNAs have been shown to play essential roles in the fine-tuning of gene expression during cellular differentiation and development [ 5 ]. (scitechnol.com)
  • Although the causes and potential functional consequences of gbM for gene expression are not fully understood 22 , genic CG methylation was reported to be associated with gene expression in both plants and animals 17 . (nature.com)
  • buy unreal engine game development blueprints discover all the secrets of unreal engine and create seven fully functional games with the help of step gene between onset and value. (scoutconnection.com)
  • 8 , 9 Humans possess five functional FMO genes, designated FMO1-5 . (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Of course, 'unzipping' of DNA strands is necessary when mRNA is being formed at the gene. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • We found 5258 disease-relevant genes that had been differentially methylated in this individual over 12 years. (fortuneonline.org)
  • A fraction of the gene variants (242/24948) occurred within the CpG regions that were differentially methylated, with 67/247 exactly coincident with a CpG site. (fortuneonline.org)
  • This entry briefly introduces the different stages of T cell differentiation and will discuss recent findings on the epigenetic regulation of this process. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Fruits of two mandarin hybrids, Temple and Murcott with contrasting volatile and non- volatile profiles, were collected at three developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An enzyme encoding valencene synthase gene ( Cstps1 ) was more abundant in Temple than in Murcott. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, we found that mating behavior was regulated independently by another sexual differentiation gene, Bmfru . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • This process is mediated by 2 mutually exclusive programs of gene expression: 1) an undifferentiated program supporting proliferation by stem cells within the basal layer and 2) a differentiation program instructing growth arrest and differentiation-associated programmed cell death in suprabasal layers. (stanford.edu)
  • And the gene expression changes in a way that favors protection against cancer over differentiation capability, e.g. expression of p16ink4a increases. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • The genetic underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders are highly complex, involving multifaceted interactions between risk genes and the environment. (upenn.edu)
  • Expression of the Escherichia coli tryptophanase operon depends on ribosome stalling during translation of the upstream TnaC leader peptide, a process for which interactions between the TnaC nascent chain and the ribosomal exit tunnel are critical. (cipsm.de)
  • Here by using CRISPR/Cas9 and electrophysiological techniques we found that courtship and mating behaviors are regulated in male silk moths by mutating genes in the sex determination cascade belonging to two conserved pathways. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • We have also uncovered cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous functions of MeCP2 in the regulation of gene expression both transcriptionally in the nucleus and post-transcriptionally in the cytoplasm. (upenn.edu)
  • Central to this is the transient increase in H3K4-trimethylation at developmental genes during G1, thereby creating a 'window of opportunity' for cell-fate specification. (researchgate.net)
  • here, we present a comprehensive inventory of the cell wall-related genes in a. nidulans. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)
  • Stem cell gene expression evolves with age. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Recent advancements in technology, such as high-throughput sequencing and single-cell analysis, have provided unprecedented insights into the epigenetic regulation of cell fate determination. (scitechnol.com)
  • According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis, environmental exposures in early life affects later life risk. (frontiersin.org)
  • 18 observed greater FMO1 expression in the spinal cord and brain stem of ALS patients compared with that in healthy controls. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Although in principle stem cells can replicate indefinitely, in fact they age as the organism ages, continuing to change their gene expression. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Re-expression of PLIN5 S155A in the liver of Plin5 liver-specific null mice reduced lipolysis compared with wild-type PLIN5 re-expression, but was not associated with other changes in hepatic lipid metabolism. (uci.edu)
  • genetic analysis of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in loblolly pine: single gene inheritance, molecular characterization and evolution. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • molecular characterization of the niad and pyrg genes from penicillium camemberti, and their use as transformation markers. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • in this study, the nitrate reductase (niad) and orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (pyrg) genes from penicillium camemberti were characterized, and their suitability as metabolic molecular markers for transformation was evaluated. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • riok3 was initially characterized as a homolog of aspergillus nidulans sudd and showed down-regulation at the invasive front of malignant melanomas, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • We also assessed the expression of developmentally important, and known miR-9 targets, FGFR-1, FOXP2, and the nontargeted transcript, MECP2 . (blogspot.com)
  • Since U4atac snRNA is ubiquitously expressed, mutation in this gene is expected to result in systemic inhibition of the minor spliceosome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptional factors can cause stimulation or inhibition of target genes - sometimes described as upregulation or downregulation of gene expression. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Synergy between Variant PRC1 Complexes Defines Polycomb-Mediated Gene Repression. (riken.jp)
  • control of cad gene expression could involve either differential regulation of more than one cad gene or, alternatively combinatorial regulation of a single cad gene. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Sexual back talk with evolutionary implications: stimulation of the Drosophila sex-determination gene sex-lethal by its target transformer. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Autoregulation of the splicing of transcripts from the transformer-2 gene of Drosophila. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Key genes are color coded based on regional expression from fate map in (E). (E) Enriched expression of Sox17 -regulated transcripts. (xenbase.org)
  • Exposure to 2 µM of Cr(VI) resulted in delayed myotube formation, as evidenced by a significant decrease in myotube formation and expression of muscle-specific markers, such as muscle creatine kinase (Mck), Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (Mef2), Myomaker (Mymk) and Myomixer (Mymx). (bvsalud.org)
  • Methyl groups may act as markers, changing the possibility of genes being expressed. (biotopics.co.uk)