Differentiation regulate lymphocytes cell proliferation. Medical search. Frequent questions

DCs detect viral antigens via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), including RIG-I, MyD88-reliant, and TRIF-dependent toll-like receptors (TLRs), Etoposide that leads to the creation of type I IFN and effective antigen-presenting cell (APC) function (6C8). (woofahs.com)
Regulatory T cells prevent autoimmunity by dampening excessive immune responses and promoting tolerance of self-antigens. (tcu.edu)
Several studies have shown that adipocytes highly express CD1d, which presents lipid antigens to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and stimulates the activation of iNKT cells ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
The field of Lymphocyte Surface Antigens and Activation Mechanisms is examined in two chapters. (scielo.br)
T cells recognize antigens presented to them by the major histocompatibility complex of antigen-presenting cells via the TCRs expressed on their surface. (hindawi.com)
Sixty percent of cases express 1 or more T-cell antigens (CD3 + , CD43, or CD45RO). (medscape.com)
The cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) typically express CD8 and induce apoptosis of cells on which they recognize foreign antigens presented by MHC class I molecules, providing a defense against intracellular pathogens such as viruses. (cdc.gov)

It is a dendritic cell survival factor and helps regulate T cell-dependent immune responses. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, we found that OMSCs are distinct from long bone MSCs with respect to regulating T-lymphocyte survival and proliferation. (ca.gov)
Further, the absence of USF1 did not lead to alterations of adult hippocampal neural progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, or survival. (researchsquare.com)
However, the results of studies, which have been carried out for the last years, prove that depending on its type, the cell can be guided in different directions, which can result either in its survival or death. (pbkom.eu)
To be able to know how CTCF regulates the cell development and survival, it's important to further research the function of CTCF in stress-induced signaling and loss of life pathways in a variety of cell and tissues types. (opioid-receptors.com)
TWS 119 enhances the proliferation and survival of γδ T-cells, and induces differentiation of CD8+ T cells towards a stem cell-like memory T cell phenotype at 2.5 μM. (tocris.com)
Next, we summarize various cytokines produced by adipocytes that regulate the survival, activation and differentiation of B cells. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, expression of M2 in primary murine B cells leads to secretion of high levels of IL-10 along with enhanced proliferation and survival. (prelekara.sk)
2009) and control cell proliferation, survival and cytokine production in non-excitable tissues (Kawashima and Fujii, 2008). (heparin-cofactor-ii-precursor-fragment-homo-sapiens.com)
2015). Previously we showed that α7 nAChRs are required for B lymphocyte survival during differentiation in the bone marrow (Skok et al. (heparin-cofactor-ii-precursor-fragment-homo-sapiens.com)
In the skin, nAChRs regulate the activity of genes involved in the growth and division (proliferation), maturation (differentiation), and survival of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers speculate that without SLURP-1, the activity of genes controlled by nAChR signaling is altered, leading to overgrowth of skin cells or survival of cells that normally would have died. (medlineplus.gov)
Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
SCID is considered a pediatric emergency because survival depends on expeditious stem cell reconstitution, usually by bone marrow transplantation (BMT). (medscape.com)

A single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that LAYN is upregulated on activated CD8 + T and Treg cells and represses the CD8 + T cell functions in vitro [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Nevertheless, neither deletion of SAP-1 nor expression of a dominant negative Raf derivative affected the ability of CD4(+)CD25(+) T(reg) cells to suppress CD4(+)CD25(-) cell proliferation in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
In previous studies, secondary metabolites of B. subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) were found to be highly effective as a broad-spectrum antibacterial in vitro and could act as an elicitor to regulate systemic resistance in plants by inducing the immune response of plants [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Different groups have established several protocols to induce the differentiation of MSCs into HLCs in vitro . (springer.com)
This was achieved by isolation of PBMCs from human blood, followed by in-vitro activation of the cells by a general activator and a T cell-specific activator. (concordia.ca)
In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

Human orofacial bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) showed distinct differentiation traits from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from long bones, mouse OMSCs have not been isolated due to technical difficulties, which in turn precludes using mouse models to study orofacial diseases. (ca.gov)
Among the affected cells are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are involved in the maintenance and repair of tissues in the body. (edu.au)
Inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells on lymphocyte proliferation. (edu.au)
mesenchymal stem cells are most commonly used because they are easy to obtain and present no ethical problems. (springer.com)
The aims of this article are to review the current knowledge regarding therapeutic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in acute liver failure, to discuss recent advancements in preclinical and clinical studies in the treatment of mesenchymal stem cells, and to summarize the methodological improvement of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treating liver failure. (springer.com)
They are secreted by a wide array of cells, including cardiac myocytes, mature and progenitor endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, immune cells like antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and malignant cells 5 , 6 . (bmrat.org)

CD40 molecule involved in regulation of B-cell growth, differentiation and Isotype-switching of Ig and up-regulates adhesion molecules on dendritic cells as well as promotes cytokine production in macrophages and dendritic cells. (opioid-receptors.com)
It also intervenes on immune cells by regulating T lymphocytes and reducing cytokine production. (curepsoriasisholistically.com)

RANKL also has a function in the immune system, where it is expressed by T helper cells and is thought to be involved in dendritic cell maturation. (wikipedia.org)
Activated DCs migrate to lung-draining lymph nodes (LDLN) and dictate T-cell maturation via co-stimulatory marker demonstration, proinflammatory cytokine launch, and antigen demonstration. (woofahs.com)
It also regulates innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, including B cell maturation. (pbkom.eu)
Although NK precursors and immature NK cells have been identified in mice and humans, the precise sites where NK cell maturation take place are not yet fully defined. (scielo.br)
In the presence of human IL-17A, fibroblasts can sustain the proliferation of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors and induce maturation into neutrophils. (thermofisher.com)

Recombinant human IL-7 (HZ-1281) stimulates dose-dependent proliferation of murine 2E8 human cell line. (ptglab.com)
Correlation of hyaluronan deposition with infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes in a cockroach-induced murine model of asthma. (southernbiotech.com)
TWS 119 induces neuronal differentiation in pluripotent murine embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonic stem cells at 400 nM. (tocris.com)
Reactivation of the gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) from latently infected B cells has been linked to plasma cell differentiation. (prelekara.sk)
We have previously shown that the MHV68 M2 protein is important for virus reactivation from B cells and, when expressed alone in primary murine B cells, can drive B cell differentiation towards a pre-plasma cell phenotype. (prelekara.sk)
In primary murine B cells, addition of cyclosporine (CsA) resulted in a significant decrease in M2-induced IL-10 levels as well as IRF4 expression, emphasizing the importance of the NFAT pathway in M2- mediated induction of IL-10. (prelekara.sk)
Murine Gammaherpesvirus M2 Protein Induction of IRF4 via the NFAT Pathway Leads to IL-10 Expression in B Cells. (prelekara.sk)
4. UsherwoodEJ, StewartJP, RobertsonK, AllenDJ, NashAA (1996) Absence of splenic latency in murine gammaherpesvirus 68-infected B cell-deficient mice. (prelekara.sk)
In an excellent issue, J.P. Di SANTO focuses on murine NK cells, although parallels to human NK cell biology are also made. (scielo.br)

and tumor necrosis factor, which activates cytotoxic T lymphocytes 1 The magnitude of chemokine and cytokine expression are related to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP). (mhmedical.com)

Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that LAYN and its coexpressed genes primarily participated in immune response pathways, and LAYN expression was found significantly correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration in LIHC tissues. (hindawi.com)
RNAseq analysis characterized the molecular signature of USF1 deficiency in the hippocampus and revealed a significant increase in the expression of several members of the X-linked lymphocyte-regulated (xlr) genes, including xlr3b and xlr4b . (researchsquare.com)
In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
Abnormal STAT3-mediated signal transduction has been observed in a large number of neoplasms, in which it induces anti-apoptotic and cell cycle progression mediating genes transcription. (pbkom.eu)
By contrast, somatic alterations in the genes encoding Notch signaling components drive various types of human cancer, such as breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
CTCF regulates many genes very important to regulations of advancement [5, 6]. (opioid-receptors.com)
Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)

In addition to directly signaling through RANK for macrophage differentiation, RANKL activates the adjacent lymphatic endothelial cells to create a niche environment for these specialized immune cells. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that adipocytes have immunological functions capable of recruiting and activating immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
Cortistatin is a recently discovered cyclic neuropeptide related to somatostatin that has emerged as a potential endogenous antiinflammatory factor based on its production by and binding to immune cells. (rupress.org)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
The CD4+ T helper cells are primarily responsible for helping other immune cells through direct cell-cell interactions or by secreting cytokines after recognizing viral peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. (cdc.gov)
2) T cell deficiencies affect the function in killing infected cells or helping other immune cells. (lu.se)

DNA replication is the primary event that regulates cellular and viral proliferation. (nih.gov)
Science has shown that the cell-to cell communication is important in maintaining a healthy cellular terrain. (infusio.org)
The adaptive immune response consists of T cell-mediated cellular immunity and B cell-mediated humoral immunity. (frontiersin.org)
There are two main mechanisms in the adaptive immune system-humoral immunity and cellular immunity, which are mediated by antibodies and cells respectively. (frontiersin.org)
T cells play a large role in the cellular immune response, while B cells are intimately involved in the humoral immune response. (frontiersin.org)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
The steady deterioration of the dermal and epidermal layers of the skin with age is caused by a combination of factors including reduced cellular proliferation and collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and changes in epidermal morphology (Crane 2015). (ernolaszlo.com)
In contrast, T cells, which mediate cellular immune responses, can target internal proteins common to heterologous viral strains. (cdc.gov)
The influenza A viruses infect host epithelial cells by attaching to a cellular receptor (sialic acid) by the viral surface protein hemagglutinin (HA). (cdc.gov)

In contrast, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a cardinal role in protecting against autoimmune diseases, inflammation and tissue damage 13 through secretion of IL-10 (ref. 14 ) and other mechanisms. (nature.com)
This study reported that Nam reduced CD4 + T cell infiltration and demyelination 24 , but failed to identify the protective mechanisms of action. (nature.com)
The signaling mechanisms of IL-21 in different cell types have been identified. (intechopen.com)
However, we know less about the biological effects of IL-21 and its signaling mechanisms in leukemia cells and monocytes. (intechopen.com)
2011). Here we put an aim to investigate whether α7 nAChRs are important for generation, induction and functioning of regulatory B lymphocytes (Bregs) and to study in more details the mechanisms of cholinergic regulation of the antibody immune response. (heparin-cofactor-ii-precursor-fragment-homo-sapiens.com)
Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
Here, potential mechanisms involving alterations in T-cell receptor expressions, postreceptor downstream signalling, epigenetics, and oxidative stress which favour activation of lupus T cells will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
Breakdown of immune tolerance is believed to be one of the major mechanisms which triggers the production of autoantibodies by B cells and antibody forming cells, leading to inflammation upon binding to autoantigens and consequent tissue damage [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this brief review, a detailed account of the putative mechanisms by which the normal physiology of T cells are disturbed and why regulatory T cells fail to alleviate proinflammatory response in SLE will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
Antigen-specific ligation of T-cell receptors induces effector mechanisms that either directly or indirectly promote lysis of infected cells. (cdc.gov)

MS is an inflammatory-mediated demyelinating disease that has been associated with production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17, two cytokines that are produced by Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively 12 . (nature.com)
Simultaneously, adipocytes secrete various cytokines including leptin, resistin, TNF-α and IL-6 to regulate the differentiation and function of T and B lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
The nAChRs of α7 subtype (α7 nAChRs) are involved in cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway regulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines by monocyte-derived cells (De Jonge and Ulloa, 2007). (heparin-cofactor-ii-precursor-fragment-homo-sapiens.com)
Tumor cells remodel the microenvironment suitable for their proliferation, wherein they communicate with fibroblast cells to modulate their expression and induce tumor progressive cytokines. (bvsalud.org)
Enhances dendritic cell immunogenicity by affecting dendritic cell costimulatory molecule expression and cytokines and chemokines secretion (By similarity). (qedbio.com)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)
Pathophysiologically, asthma exert different effects at different concentrations, can is characterized by constriction of airway smooth synergize or antagonize the effects of other cytokines muscle, hyper secretion of mucus, edema and airway and regulated in a complex manner and function via hyper responsiveness (AHR),[3] mucus secretion and cytokine cascade. (cdc.gov)
This association of phenotype and function is not absolute, since CD4+ cells may exhibit lytic activity, while CD8+ cells secrete antiviral cytokines, notably interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor. (cdc.gov)

These experiments suggest that effects of androgens on developing B cells are mediated through androgen receptors in bone marrow stromal cells. (jci.org)
IL-2 receptors are express by lymphocytes. (tcu.edu)
NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 are cell surface receptors that transduce juxtacrine signals of delta-like canonical Notch ligand (DLL)1, DLL3, DLL4, jagged canonical Notch ligand (JAG)1 and JAG2 from adjacent cells ( 1 - 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
TAK-438 manufacture Stress-induced activation of particular signaling pathways may also be frequently resulted from arousal from the cell membrane Kv stations and cytokine receptors, including epidermal development aspect (EGF), tumor necrosis aspect (TNF) TAK-438 manufacture and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptors [20C23]. (opioid-receptors.com)
Lipopeptides act as immunomodulators by interacting with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), expressed on antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) to activate immune functions [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Introduction Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels expressed in many kinds of both excitable and non-excitable cells. (heparin-cofactor-ii-precursor-fragment-homo-sapiens.com)
Like other Ly6/uPAR-related proteins, SLURP-1 folds into a particular shape and is thought to attach (bind) to other proteins called receptors to carry out signaling within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are best known for their role in chemical signaling between nerve cells, but they are also found in other tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
Glycosylation of classical death receptors fine-tunes cell death programs. (nature.com)
Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
1999. Transactivation activity of human, zebrafish, and rainbow trout aryl hydrocarbon receptors expressed in COS-7 cells: Greater insight into species differences in toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners. (cdc.gov)

RANKL is an apoptosis regulator gene, a binding partner of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a ligand for the receptor RANK and controls cell proliferation by modifying protein levels of Id4, Id2 and cyclin D1. (wikipedia.org)
Its roles include regulation of proliferation, promotion of immune system and activation of apoptosis in B cells. (intechopen.com)
In these cells, IL-21 does not promote proliferation but enhances apoptosis and chemotaxis. (intechopen.com)
For a long time apoptosis has been considered the only type of programmed cell death responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the organism. (pbkom.eu)
According to the NCCD Committee, apoptosis and autophagy are ranked as two types of cell death. (pbkom.eu)
Apoptosis is the major form of cell suicide. (pbkom.eu)
Nevertheless, the function of CTCF in regulating cell development and apoptosis continues to be not clearly grasped. (opioid-receptors.com)
Deposition of CTCF within the nucleoli relates to development arrest and apoptosis during differentiation in individual K562 myeloid cells and in individual breasts carcinoma cells, respectively [16, 17]. (opioid-receptors.com)
Nevertheless, other research demonstrate unlike the pro-apoptotic function of CTCF that knockdown and over-expression of CTCF in breasts cancer cells bring about triggering apoptosis and safeguarding ectopic appearance of Bax-induced apoptosis, respectively [18]. (opioid-receptors.com)
Ultraviolet (UV) and hyper-osmotic strains can induce activations of different signaling pathways, such as for TAK-438 manufacture example JNK and p38 signaling pathways, leading to programmed cell loss of life (apoptosis) [19]. (opioid-receptors.com)
Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
The review focuses on the role of APC-derived EVs in regulating the transformation of macrophage phenotype, shaping foam cells, driving autophagy and/or inhibiting apoptosis of Th4 + cells, T regulatory cells, endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), as well as in facilitating oxidative stress in vasculature. (bmrat.org)

CD44 regulates hematopoietic progenitor distribution, granuloma formation, and tumorigenicity. (southernbiotech.com)

Raf signaling but not the ERK effector SAP-1 is required for regulatory T cell development. (ox.ac.uk)
Posttranscriptional Control of T Cell Effector Function by Aerobic Glycolysis. (concordia.ca)
The hallmark effector molecules of Th1 and Th2 cells, e.g. (thermofisher.com)

Our findings unravel a new pathway orchestrating CD4 + T-cell differentiation and demonstrate that NAD + may serve as a powerful therapeutic agent for the treatment of autoimmune and other diseases. (nature.com)
Activated T-lymphocytes impaired OMSCs via the Fas/Fas ligand pathway, as occur in long bone MSCs. (ca.gov)
Involvement of the MEKK1 signaling pathway in the regulation of epicardial cell behavior by hyaluronan. (southernbiotech.com)
As evidenced by our prior studies, CTCF is certainly up-regulated by EGF-stimulated activation from the Erk signaling pathway leading to suppression of appearance during EGF-induced corneal epithelial cell proliferation [12]. (opioid-receptors.com)
Here, employing an inducible B cell expression system, we have determined that M2 activates the NFAT pathway in a Src kinase-dependent manner - leading to induction of the plasma cell-associated transcription factor, Interferon Regulatory Factor-4 (IRF4). (prelekara.sk)
Together, these studies argue in favor of a model wherein M2 activation of the NFAT pathway initiates events leading to increased levels of IRF4 - a key player in plasma cell differentiation - which in turn triggers IL-10 expression. (prelekara.sk)
Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. (scielo.br)
IL-23-dependent, IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells (Th-17 cells) have been identified as a unique subset of Th cells that develops along a pathway that is distinct from the Th1- and Th2- cell differentiation pathways. (thermofisher.com)

T cell activation induces RANKL expression and can lead to an increase of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. (wikipedia.org)
Castration of normal male mice induces expansion of the bone marrow B cell population, an effect that can be reversed by androgen replacement. (jci.org)

Furthermore, SIRT1 influences immune system function in varied methods by regulating procedures such as for example lymphocyte activation, T-cell proliferation and differentiation, and macrophage secretion (21). (woofahs.com)
Mouse, rat, and human IL-17A can induce IL-6 secretion in mouse stromal cells, indicating that all homologs can recognize the mouse IL-17A receptor. (thermofisher.com)
Vitamin D generated in tissues is responsible for many of the immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D. The effects of vitamin D within the lungs include increased secretion of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, decreased chemokine production, inhibition of dendritic cell activation and alteration of T cell activation. (vitamindwiki.com)

These include macrophage and smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching and various inflammatory signaling, such as IL-33/suppression of tumorigenesis 2 (ST2), Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathways, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 . (bmrat.org)

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11), TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL), and osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF11 gene. (wikipedia.org)
It binds to RANK on cells of the myeloid lineage and functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. (wikipedia.org)

CD44 represents a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on many cell types such as B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and variable subsets of thymocytes and peripheral T cells. (southernbiotech.com)
They are produced by cells of the innate immune system such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. (mhmedical.com)
2 Macrophages' other roles include removal of senescent cells, antigen presentation, immune-regulation, and tissue repair. (mhmedical.com)
Cortistatin down-regulated the production of inflammatory mediators by endotoxin-activated macrophages. (rupress.org)
The active vitamin D generating enzyme, 1a-hydroxylase, is expressed by the airway epithelium, alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes indicating that active vitamin D can be produced locally within the lungs. (vitamindwiki.com)
The main players in innate immunity in the lungs include the airway epithelium itself, alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells. (vitamindwiki.com)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)

In the presence of NAD + , the frequency of T-bet −/− CD4 + IFNγ + T cells was twofold higher than wild-type CD4 + T cells cultured in conventional T helper 1 polarizing conditions. (nature.com)
CD4 + T helper (Th) cells play a central role in regulating the adaptive immune response associated with pathogen invasion. (nature.com)
Although differentiation of naïve CD4 + T cells has been considered to be an irreversible process, accumulating evidence suggests that T cells are much more flexible than initially believed with the ability to interchange between helper phenotypes 15 . (nature.com)
These stem cell derived Exosomes have also shown to assist in transferring NK cells (Killer cells) into T-Regulator cells (Helper cells) By that they assist in calming an overreactive immune system and modulating it to respond in a coordinated fashion. (infusio.org)
Compelling evidence has however shown that without the assistance of the helper T lymphocytes, it is indeed difficult for the "helpless" B cells to become functional enough to trigger SLE-related inflammation. (hindawi.com)
ABSTRACT To test the role of T helper cell Th1 immunity we recruited 24 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia associated with H. pylori seropositivity. (who.int)

In this chapter, we will focus on IL-21's biological effects and signaling pathways as well as discuss the potential implications and applications of IL-21 in leukemia cells. (intechopen.com)
These outcomes claim that CTCF could be a determinant aspect to loss of life signaling pathways in these cells. (opioid-receptors.com)
Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
Numerous animal studies as well as observational and clinical trials have shown that atherosclerosis arises from immune activation, with several cell-type specific pathways involved. (bmrat.org)

In general, our data provided evidence that HCG18/hsa-mir-148a-regulated high expression of LAYN is associated with immune cell infiltration and unfavorable prognosis of LIHC patients. (hindawi.com)
However, the underlying functions of LAYN and its interplay with immune cell infiltration in LIHC are still unclear. (hindawi.com)
Then, the correlation between LAYN and immune cell infiltration in LIHC was explored. (hindawi.com)
Reports of spontaneous regression and tumour infiltration with T-lymphocytes makes melanoma candidate for immunotherapies. (mdpi.com)
The administration of cortistatin protected against lethality after cecal ligation and puncture, or injection of bacterial endotoxin or Escherichia coli , and prevented the septic shock-associated histopathology, such as infiltration of inflammatory cells and intravascular disseminated coagulation in various target organs. (rupress.org)

This cytokine is also involved in the prevention of autoimmune conditions by promoting immature T cells to differentiate into T regulatory cells. (tcu.edu)
For example, in the thymus, IL-2 promotes differentiation of immature T cells into regulatory T cells. (tcu.edu)
Regulatory T cells (T(reg)) play an important role in immune regulation. (ox.ac.uk)
ch effects may be also due to the deficiency of regulatory T and/or B lymphocytes. (heparin-cofactor-ii-precursor-fragment-homo-sapiens.com)
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were shown to express α7 nAChRs and to be subjected to cholinergic regulation (Galitovskiy et al. (heparin-cofactor-ii-precursor-fragment-homo-sapiens.com)
Additionally, the failure of the regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in alleviating the proinflammatory milieu occurring in SLE is contributory to the pathogenicity of the condition [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

2006), but negatively regulate mature B lymphocyte anti-CD40-stimulated proliferation (Koval et al. (heparin-cofactor-ii-precursor-fragment-homo-sapiens.com)
IFN gamma and IL-4, have each been found to negatively regulate the generation of these Th-17 cells. (thermofisher.com)

Enhances CD4+ T-cell differentiation and proliferation (PubMed:20959412). (qedbio.com)

Human CD38, a surface molecule expressed by immature and activated T and B lymphocytes, has been characterized as a molecule transducing activation and proliferation signals, and intervening in adhesion to endothelium via its ligand CD31. (nih.gov)
Its interaction with DPP4 regulates lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion (PubMed:11772392). (qedbio.com)

Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated (3 days) peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with either Alexa Fluor® 647 Mouse IgG1, κ Isotype Control (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
The objective of this work is to demonstrate the presence of glycogen in activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to investigate the impact of low nutrient levels on the glycogen content of these cells. (concordia.ca)

Each distinct CD4 + T-cell subset has a specific function and can mainly be distinguished by its cytokine profile, the expression pattern of cell surface molecules, and the activation of specific transcription factors 8 . (nature.com)
Therefore, the overall goal of our work is to discover how DNA replication is regulated both in the large chromosomes of cells and in the "mini-chromosomes" of viruses and small extrachromosomal DNA molecules. (nih.gov)
They allow for cell-to-cell communication, transporting molecules that are important regulators of intracellular information between close and distant cells. (infusio.org)
Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4 + T cells. (frontiersin.org)
The adipocyte was reported as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) which expresses CD1d and MHC class I and II molecules. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, like other nucleated cells, adipocytes express MHC class I molecules. (frontiersin.org)
The surface of the living cells is decorated by a complex layer of glycosylated molecules that store relevant biological information. (nature.com)
The current state of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which target molecules expressing on and inside T cells for the treatment of SLE will be updated. (hindawi.com)
Deficiencies are highly variable with regard to symptoms, phenotype, genotype, severity, etc, because many cells and molecules are required for both natural and adaptive immunity . (lu.se)

They include endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. (frontiersin.org)
ESL = endothelial cell surface layer (often referred to as the glycocalyx). (medscape.com)

Background CD8 + T cells are a highly diverse population of cells with distinct phenotypic functions that can influence immunotherapy outcomes. (bmj.com)
Recently, a number of phenotypic and functional alterations which increase the propensity to trigger lupus-related inflammation have been identified in lupus T cells. (hindawi.com)
Beyond this basic grouping, SCID may be categorized according to phenotypic lymphocyte profiles that include both B-cell status (B + or B - ) and NK-cell status (NK + or NK - ) in addition to T-cell status (T - , because there is always a T-cell deficiency in SCID). (medscape.com)

In addition, it was recently shown that Th17 cells that were generated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-6 were not pathogenic and did not induce EAE without exposure to IL-23 (ref. 23 ). (nature.com)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)

Small-molecule inhibitors, antagonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies or biologics (bsAbs) and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-Ts) targeting Notch signaling components have been developed as investigational anti-cancer drugs ( 10 - 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
CD40 antibodies has been reported to co-stimulate B-cell proleferation with anti-m or phorbol esters. (opioid-receptors.com)
There are two main types of lymphocytes: B-lymphocytes, which may produce specific antibodies to "neutralize" certain invading microorganisms, and T-lymphocytes, which may directly destroy microorganisms or assist in the activities of other lymphocytes. (rarediseases.org)
Vaccine approaches against respiratory virus infections such as influenza have relied on inducing antibodies that protect against viral infection by neutralizing virions or blocking the virus's entry into cells. (cdc.gov)

However, MSCs also have been associated with resistance of tumour cells to drugs including doxorubicin. (edu.au)
MSCs have the capacity of multiple differentiations and self-renewal and have been proven to be able to differentiate into a series of cell lineages, such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). (springer.com)
Adipose tissue (AT) represents a commonly used source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) whose proregenerative potential has been widely investigated in multiple clinical trials worldwide. (mdpi.com)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is a form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. (rarediseases.org)
Mantle cell lymphoma belongs to a group of diseases known as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, which are related malignancies (cancers) that affect the lymphatic system. (rarediseases.org)
Lymphocytes are stored within lymph nodes and may also be found in other lymphatic tissues. (rarediseases.org)
Lymphatic tissues also include the thymus, a relatively small organ behind the breastbone that is thought to play an important role in the immune system until puberty, as well as the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue inside the cavities of bones that manufactures blood cells. (rarediseases.org)
Lymphatic tissue or circulating lymphocytes may also be located in other regions of the body, such as the skin, small intestine, liver, and other organs. (rarediseases.org)
check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)

Furthermore, CTCF expression amounts are raised in corneal epithelial cells in development factor-induced proliferation [12]. (opioid-receptors.com)

The long-term goal of this proposal is to develop stem cell-based treatment for major defects in the orofacial regions. (ca.gov)
We isolated a new population of stem cells from human orofacial tissue gingiva, a tissue source easily accessible from the oral cavity, namely GMSC, which exhibited clonogenicity, self-renewal, and multipotent differentiation capacities. (ca.gov)
Age, chronic disease, environmental factors and genetic disorders can interfere with how our stem cells communicate with other cells, thus disrupting the healing process. (infusio.org)
Exosomes are so-called extracellular vesicles, or small bubbles, released from cells, especially from stem cells. (infusio.org)
By exposing the cells of an older organism to those of a younger organism we can see that exosomes from the young stem cells are responsible for rejuvenating the older cells. (infusio.org)
While stem cells are usually responsible for the rejuvenation of the cells, external factors may hinder the stem cells in this function. (infusio.org)
Exosomes released by young stem cells have shown to be very powerful in regulating regenerative processes in the body and assisting in rejuvenation. (infusio.org)
Exosomes from stem cells contain valuable cell information consisting of proteins and genetic information the cell needs to function correctly. (infusio.org)
8. Wright MH, Calcagno AM, Salcido CD, Carlson MD, Ambudkar SV, Varticovski L. Brca1 breast tumors contain distinct CD44 + /CD24 - and CD133 + cells with cancer stem cell characteristics. (southernbiotech.com)
Notch signaling cascades crosstalk with fibroblast growth factor and WNT signaling cascades in the tumor microenvironment to maintain cancer stem cells and remodel the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
What are stem cells? (ipscell.com)
Following that, patients may be eligible for a stem cell transplant, and/or an extended course of immunotherapy that is meant to prolong cancer remission. (rarediseases.org)
In recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that stem cells can effectively treat acute liver failure. (springer.com)
A subpopulation of cells within a cancer has the properties of stem cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Leukocytes are produced in stem cells in bone marrow. (lu.se)

Further, IL-2 promotes the production of memory T cells and is thus involved in facilitating adaptive immunity. (tcu.edu)
Therefore, adipocytes play an important role in B cell-mediated adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
This review describes how adipocytes participate in adaptive immunity from the perspective of T cells and B cells, and discusses their role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. (frontiersin.org)
The T and B cells are the major components of adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Adipocytes can regulate adaptive immunity, which is involved with various metabolic diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Since there have been many reports on the regulation of metabolic diseases through adaptive immunity ( 9 - 11 ), we focus on how adipocytes regulate adaptive immunity in this review. (frontiersin.org)
How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)

Antibody production is severely impaired even when mature B cells are present, because of the lack of T-cell help. (medscape.com)
3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)

Since RSV enters the sponsor cell cytosol straight through membrane fusion (12), DC activation depends on autophagic equipment to mediate endosomal TLR-dependent cytokine creation and appropriate innate immune system responses. (woofahs.com)
Here we tested the hypothesis that the enhanced activation of brown fat tissue (BAT), known to beneficially regulate obesity and accompanying dysfunctional metabolic states, is also paralleled by an alteration of affective behaviour. (researchsquare.com)
It has been implicated in various processes, such as hematopoiesis, lymphocyte homing, leukocyte activation, tumor metastasis and development. (southernbiotech.com)
KM201 can inhibit hyaluronate-dependent cell aggregation, prevent lympho-hemopoiesis in both Dexter and Whitlock-Witte cultures, prevent the earliest intrathymic precursors from homing to the thymus, and costimulate the activation of freshly purified splenic CD4 + T cells. (southernbiotech.com)
Augmented STAT3 activation has been found in both irreversibly committed B cell lineage precursors and plasmacy- tes. (pbkom.eu)
UV and hyper-osmotic stress-induced corneal epithelial cell loss of life is certainly connected with activation of NH2-terminal kinase/stress-activated proteins kinase (JNK/SAPK) and p38 cascades that elicit mobile apoptotic reactions [19, 22, 24]. (opioid-receptors.com)
Nevertheless, over-expression of CTCF in transfected HCE cells led to a counter impact against UV irradiation-induced caspase 3 activation and reduced CTCF manifestation (Fig. 2A). (opioid-receptors.com)
Although SAP-1 deficient mice display a severe defect in thymocyte positive selection, T(reg) development was unimpaired as assessed by expression of Foxp3 and the activation markers CD25, GITR, CTLA4, and CD103 in the CD4(+) cell population. (ox.ac.uk)
In SAP-1-deficient CD4(+)CD25(+) T(reg) cells, TCR crosslinking efficiently induced ERK activation, but transcriptional induction of the immediate early gene Egr-1 was impaired. (ox.ac.uk)
3-8 It has also been associated with use of muromonab-CD3 (OKTS), Coley's toxins, genetic diseases such as inappropriate inflammasome activation or idiopathic multicentric Castleman's disease, CAR T-cell therapy, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and most recently SARS-CoV-2 infection. (mhmedical.com)
Rac1 protein regulates glycogen phosphorylase activation and controls interleukin (IL)-2-dependent T cell proliferation. (concordia.ca)
Activation of PI3K is indispensable for interleukin 7-mediated viability, proliferation, glucose use, and growth of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. (concordia.ca)
Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are distinguished from other lymphomas by their anaplastic cytology and constant membrane expression of the CD30 antigen (an activation marker for B or T cells). (medscape.com)
The activation of these cells leads to the release of chemical mediators such as histamine and arachidonic acid metabolites, which increase vascular permeability and tissue swelling 9 . (bvsalud.org)

Cell-based therapy using systemic infusion of GMSC in experimental colitis significantly ameliorated both clinical and histopathological severity of the colonic inflammation, restored the injured gastrointestinal mucosal tissues, reversed diarrhea and weight loss, and suppressed the overall disease activity in mice. (ca.gov)
A degenerative disease comes from a continuous deterioration of cells, affecting tissues or organs. (infusio.org)
However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)
Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
In this investigation we sought to answer the question concerning the presence of mast cells in human and rat dental pulp tissues, under normal and inflammatory conditions. (bvsalud.org)
genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)

Deficient mice, with an inactivation of RANKL or its receptor RANK, exhibited defects in early differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and failed to form lobulo-alveolar mammary structures during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
It is the prototype of the primary immunodeficiency diseases and is caused by numerous molecular defects that lead to severe compromise in the number and function of T cells, B cells, and occasionally natural killer (NK) cells. (medscape.com)
These molecular defects interfere with lymphocyte development and function, blocking the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and, in some types, of B cells and NK cells. (medscape.com)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) produce and release a broad spectrum of EVs involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (bmrat.org)

Phase III clinical trials of Rova‑T for patients with small‑cell lung cancer and a phase III clinical trial of nirogacestat for patients with desmoid tumors are ongoing. (spandidos-publications.com)
High avidity T cells (Tet hi ), if present, were only found in progressing PD-1 refractory tumors. (bmj.com)
Small tumors have a greater percentage of actively dividing cells than do large tumors. (msdmanuals.com)

The stromal cell requirement for androgen-mediated effects was confirmed in vivo by experiments using chimeric animals created by bone marrow transplantation in which androgen receptor expression was restricted to either the stromal or lymphoid cells of the bone marrow. (jci.org)
Evidence has recently been obtained that two very different recombinatorial systems for lymphocyte antigen receptor diversification appeared at the beginning of vertebrate evolution approximately 500 million years ago. (scielo.br)
Central role of alpha7 nicotinic receptor in differentiation of the stratified squamous epithelium. (medlineplus.gov)
Studies have shown that the enzyme 1a- hydroxylase, which catalyzes the last and rate limiting step in the synthesis of active 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which mediates the actions of vitamin D, are expressed widely in the body, including the lungs and cells of the immune system. (vitamindwiki.com)
[ 5 ] Ideally, SCID can be detected in a newborn before the onset of infections, with one well-documented example by screening of T-cell-receptor excision circles. (medscape.com)
In X-linked SCID, loss of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) function leads to the loss of a lymphocyte proliferation signal. (medscape.com)

107 immature T-cells per day competence. (lu.se)

Lastly, while currently available outcomes of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which manipulate the T cells such as calcineurin inhibitors indicate that they are at least as efficacious and safe as conventional immunosuppressants in treating lupus glomerulonephritis, larger clinical trials are undoubtedly required to validate these as-yet favourable findings. (hindawi.com)

ALCL was recognized in 1985, when tumor cells consistently demonstrated labeling by the monoclonal antibody Ki-1, a marker later shown to recognize the CD30 antigen. (medscape.com)

Immature B cells from normal mouse bone marrow were not responsive to the suppressive effect of androgens unless they were cocultured with marrow stromal cells or with supernatants from androgen-treated stromal cells, suggesting that the androgen effects are exerted through marrow stromal elements by production of a diffusible mediator. (jci.org)
Further experiments revealed that bone marrow stromal cells produced TGF-β in response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and neutralization of TGF-β in the DHT-treated stromal cells reversed the suppressive effects. (jci.org)
Androgens only affected B cell development in chimeric mice with androgen-sensitive stromal cells. (jci.org)
The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory properties and a high regenerative capacity. (frontiersin.org)

Furthermore, the absence of M2 in vivo leads to a defect in the appearance of MHV68 infected plasma cells in the spleen at the peak of MHV68 latency. (prelekara.sk)
2007) and spleen cells from α7 knockout mice produce more TNF-α and IL-6 than wild-type cells (Fujii et al. (heparin-cofactor-ii-precursor-fragment-homo-sapiens.com)

In psoriasis which is a disease in which epidermal cells proliferate, blue light can prevent this hyperproliferation. (curepsoriasisholistically.com)
Favre B, Plantard L, Aeschbach L, Brakch N, Christen-Zaech S, de Viragh PA, Sergeant A, Huber M, Hohl D. SLURP1 is a late marker of epidermal differentiation and is absent in Mal de Meleda. (medlineplus.gov)

In particular, the T-cell immune response to influenza infection has been well characterized in C57BL/6 (B6,H2 b ) mice. (cdc.gov)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)

CD4 + T cells are involved in the development of autoimmunity, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we show that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) blocks experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS, by inducing immune homeostasis through CD4 + IFNγ + IL-10 + T cells and reverses disease progression by restoring tissue integrity via remyelination and neuroregeneration. (nature.com)
Studies have shown that Th1 IFN-γ-producing cells that co-produce IL-10 have immunosuppressive properties and can protect from tissue damage 21 , 22 . (nature.com)
We developed techniques to isolate mouse OMSCs derived from mandibles and verified their MSC characteristics by single colony formation, multi-lineage differentiation, and in vivo tissue regeneration. (ca.gov)
Lymph accumulates in the tiny spaces between tissue cells and contains proteins, fats, and certain white blood cells known as lymphocytes. (rarediseases.org)
Adipocytes are the main constituent cells of adipose tissue. (frontiersin.org)
Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)

RANKL's extracellular domains are similar to other TNF family members in regards to the structural homology and are able to cleave from the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles, or small bubbles, released from cells that act as shuttles for genetic information, proteins and messenger RNA to other cells. (infusio.org)
The cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) that may have an endosomal origin, or from evaginations of the plasma membrane. (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, the "exosome vesicle " is an extracellular particle released from the endosomal compartment of most eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
The exosome vesicles are a type of extracellular vesicles (EV), which are defined as lipid-bilayer spheroid structures, without replicating capacity, that are released from cells, including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (frontiersin.org)
Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)

Recent studies suggest that in postnatal bones, the osteocyte is the major source of RANKL regulating bone remodeling. (wikipedia.org)
RANKL derived from other cell types contributes to bone loss in conditions involving inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis, and in lytic lesions caused by cancer, such as in multiple myeloma. (wikipedia.org)
MSC mediated bone formation involves in both donor and recipient cells, but only recipient cells contribute to marrow element formation. (ca.gov)
Our study suggests that both OMSCs and host cells contribute to bone formation in vivo. (ca.gov)
Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that gonadal steroids exert effects on the development of B cells in bone marrow. (jci.org)
Androgens also exert effects on B cell development in bone marrow. (jci.org)
BALB/c mouse bone marrow cells were stained with Rat Anti-Mouse CD44-FITC (SB Cat. (southernbiotech.com)

Likewise, they have the ability to activate the angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the main cell types involved in skin regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
Adipocytes can directly activate CD4 + T cells through antigen:MHCII complex in a contact-dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)
Skin-resident dendritic cells act as a first line of defense, ingesting foreign substances, processing them, and presenting them to lymphocytes to activate the immune system. (ernolaszlo.com)

Muscle CD31(-) CD45(-) side population cells promote muscle regeneration by stimulating proliferation and migration of myoblasts. (southernbiotech.com)
The human proto-oncogene STAT3 encodes transcriptional factor that is essential for embryo- genesis, proliferation and differentiation of many cell types, in addition to organ regeneration and involu- tion. (pbkom.eu)

RANKL may also bind to osteoprotegerin, a protein secreted mainly by cells of the osteoblast lineage which is a potent inhibitor of osteoclast formation by preventing binding of RANKL to RANK. (wikipedia.org)
The first phase comprises mainly functional cell impairments expressed by inhibition of protein and urea synthesis. (pbkom.eu)
It also participates in regulating the processes of protein synthesis and degradation. (bvsalud.org)
This protein is found in skin cells and other cells that line the surfaces and cavities of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
the encoded protein exhibits 72 percent amino acid identity with HVS13 , an open reading frame from a T lymphotropic Herpesvirus saimiri, and 63 percent with mouse CTLA-8 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-8). (thermofisher.com)

GMSC can function as an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory component of the immune system in vivo and is a promising cell source for cell-based treatment in experimental inflammatory diseases. (ca.gov)
Many Lyme patients often have dysfunction of the mast cells, increasing their inflammatory response. (infusio.org)
It therefore has a double action on the inflammatory process and keratinocyte proliferation. (curepsoriasisholistically.com)
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a CD4+ T cell-derived cytokine that promotes inflammatory responses in cell lines and is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and transplant rejection. (thermofisher.com)
Mast cells play an important role in a variety of biological processes and actively participate in the inflammatory response. (bvsalud.org)
The role of mast cells in the inflammatory dental pulp response is not clear. (bvsalud.org)
Since mast cells are active during inflammatory responses it becomes crucial to find out if these cells are actually present and play a role in dental pulp under normal and inflammatory conditions either in humans or in rats. (bvsalud.org)

During RSV contamination, pulmonary dendritic cells (DC) travel innate immune system responses that immediate the resultant adaptive immune system response. (woofahs.com)
Anti-HIV-1 T cell responses are evaded by continuous mutation of the virus. (scielo.br)
Vaccine strategies that concentrate on stimulating T cell immunity will at best generate reactive and persisting T cell responses that can suppress virus without preventing infection, limiting or preventing the damage the virus cause. (scielo.br)
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (also known as CD152) is a major negative regulator of T cell responses which interacts with the B7-1 (CD80) / B7-2 (CD86) ligands on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. (scielo.br)
Discussion Dopamine regulates behavioral responses to nicotine in Drosophila (Bainton et al. (heparin-cofactor-ii-precursor-fragment-homo-sapiens.com)
Conclusions Targeting subdominant T cell responses with lower avidity against pMHC affinity neoepitopes showed potential for improving PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
Specifically, cell-mediated responses typically focus on peptides from internal influenza proteins, which are far less susceptible to antigenic variation. (cdc.gov)
We review the literature on the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity in influenza infection and the available data on the role of these responses in protection from highly pathogenic influenza infection. (cdc.gov)
We discuss the advantages of developing a vaccine based on cell-mediated immune responses toward highly pathogenic influenza virus and potential problems arising from immune pressure. (cdc.gov)

which is expressed on B lymphocytes including pro-B through to plasma cells but not on monocytes nor granulocytes. (opioid-receptors.com)

The signaling requirements for development of T(reg) cells in the thymus are thus distinct from those required for "conventional" T cell positive selection, and ERK signaling to SAP-1 is not required for the suppressive activity of T(reg) cells. (ox.ac.uk)
In detail, thymus-settling progenitors enter the thymus and generate early T-cell progeni- tors (ETP/DN1 stage), which in turn give rise to DN2, DN3 and DN4 cells. (lu.se)

Next, an overview of several current models of hematopoietic lineage trees to identify developmental branching points between the lymphoid and myeloid cell compartments is discussed. (scielo.br)

Involvement of CD44 in mast cell proliferation during terminal differentiation. (southernbiotech.com)

It helps detoxify the blood and digestive system, helps you maintain a healthy weight, a healthy cholesterol level, helps regulate menstrual flow, reduces skin aging, and helps relieve stress. (srisritattvausa.com)

Proteintech IL-7 (HZ-1281) demonstrates 3-fold lower EC50 and equivalent induction of proliferation compared to a leading competitor. (ptglab.com)

Within the Infusio Concept, exosomes may help regulate processes within the body. (infusio.org)
Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
Mast cells play an important role in a variety of biological processes including allergic reactions, atherosclerosis and inflammation 7,8 . (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy59

Organisms13

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs92

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes56

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Antigens7

Survival14

Vitro6

Mesenchymal stem6

Cytokine production2

Maturation5

Murine9

Cytotoxic T lymphocyt1

Genes8

Immune cells6

Cellular10

Mechanisms10

Cytokines10

Receptors11

Apoptosis13

Hematopoietic progenitor1

Effector3

Pathway8

Induces2

Secretion3

Macrophage1

Osteoclast differentiation2

Macrophages7

Tumor necros1

Helper6

Pathways5

Infiltration5

Regulatory6

Negatively regulate2

Enhances1

Adhesion2

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells2

Molecules9

Endothelial2

Phenotypic3

Induce2

Antibodies4

MSCs3

Lymphatic7

Epithelial cells1

Stem15

Adaptive immunity7

Antibody production2

Activation14

Tissues6

Defects4

Antigen-prese1

Tumors3

Receptor6

Immature T cells1

Inhibitors1

Monoclonal1

Stromal cells4

Spleen2

Epidermal2

Mice2

Tissue6

Extracellular7

Bone7

Activate3

Regeneration2

Protein5

Inflammatory7

Responses9

Monocytes1

Thymus2

Myeloid1

Mast cell1

Helps regulate1

Induction1

Processes3