• CSF-1 signaling through CSF-1R regulates the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the monocytic lineage. (thermofisher.com)
  • The formation of the mammalian respiratory unit is initiated during the transition between the pseudoglandular and canalicular/saccular stages and is characterized by coordinated proliferation and differentiation of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Professor Rabbitts' team uses molecular biology to establish new technologies to study and target cancer, particularly chromosomal translocation genes that affect proliferation and differentiation from cancer initiating cells to overt cancer and in epithelial cancers, to invasive disease. (icr.ac.uk)
  • GR signaling controls genes required for differentiation of a subset of proliferative mesenchymal progenitors into matrix fibroblasts, in turn, regulating signals controlling AT2/AT1 progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation and identifying cells and processes by which glucocorticoid signaling regulates fetal lung maturation. (stanford.edu)
  • A leading hypothesis proposes that tubular cell proliferation and differentiation are linked to flow rate and that ciliary dysfunction may thus lead to cystic transformation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mutations of this gene have been associated with basal cell nevus syndrome and holoprosencephaly. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations of PTCH1 gene in two pedigrees with bifid rib-basal cell nevus-jaw cyst syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations in the epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) gene have been shown to be associated with the occurrence of diffuse gastric carcinomas in affected families. (tum.de)
  • Genetic analyses were performed to exclude germ-line mutations within the E-cadherin gene. (tum.de)
  • Gene therapy has been utilized successfully to repair or inactivate mutations in animal models of monogenic human diseases 19 as well as human in vitro cells 12 . (nature.com)
  • Recent advances in understanding the molecular events underlying hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) caused by mutations of the genes encoding proteins of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway have been presented. (springer.com)
  • Novel data were reviewed and discussed on the structure and functions of the components of TNFα-related signaling pathway, the consequences of mutations of the genes encoding these proteins, and the prospect for further investigations, which might elucidate the origin of HED. (springer.com)
  • HED embraces a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases and is due to mutations of several genes that encode components of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway (Cluzeau et al. (springer.com)
  • The purpose of this report is to review current literature on the structure and function of components of the TNFα-related signaling pathway, to present a novel approach to their contribution in the differentiation of skin appendages and to discuss the role of mutations of genes encoding components of this pathway in the origin of HED. (springer.com)
  • Mutations of these genes are responsible for systemic tooth agenesis, in addition to the defects of other ectodermal structures, and this review is limited to description of the function of their protein products. (springer.com)
  • The molecular basis of non-syndromic tooth agenesis, which is caused by mutations of other genes mainly WNT10A , (Arte et al. (springer.com)
  • Nevertheless, NDRG1 sequencing assay disclosed no mutations in the gene. (scirp.org)
  • Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) is a rare disorder consisting of the triad of congenital nephropathy, Wilms tumor , and intersex disorders resulting from mutations in the Wilms tumor suppressor ( WT1 ) gene. (medscape.com)
  • Denys-Drash syndrome is the result of mutations in the WT1 gene on chromosome band 11p13. (medscape.com)
  • Point mutations in the WT1 gene result in loss of its regulatory function, with the consequent abnormalities in glomerular formation and gonadal differentiation seen in Denys-Drash syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations that disrupt the second alternative splicing site of the WT1 gene alter the normal ratio of KTS-positive/negative isoforms from 2:1 to 1:2 and result in abnormalities in glomerular formation and gonadal differentiation seen in Frasier syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Although we do not find classic Wnt-signaling mutations, we identify several mutations in genes related to p53-signaling, including miR-34a. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Using mouse models, we discovered that mutations in murine Col4a1 and Col4a2 genes affected the balance between lung epithelial progenitors and differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations in this gene are associated with type 1 elliptocytosis (EL1). (cancerindex.org)
  • Mutations in this gene are responsible for the majority of Lewis antigen-negative phenotypes. (thermofisher.com)
  • most other cases are caused by mutations in the PKD2 gene on chromosome 4, which codes for polycystin 2. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mutations in these proteins may alter the function of renal cilia, which enable tubular cells to sense flow rates. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cancers occur when genetic mutations build up in critical genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division (proliferation) or the repair of damaged DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Somatic mutations in many different genes have been found in lung cancer cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In rare cases, the genetic change is inherited and is present in all the body's cells (germline mutations). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Somatic mutations in the TP53 , EGFR , and KRAS genes are common in lung cancers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • TP53 gene mutations result in the production of an altered p53 protein that cannot bind to DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • PMID:18786442 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • Suberites are also used as models to elucidate the evolution of transmembrane receptors and cell-junction proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, maintenance of long-lived cells involves proteins such as SDLAGL that are highly similar to yeast and human homologs. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the patched family of proteins and a component of the hedgehog signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
  • Furthermore, the distribution and localization of stratifin and midkine proteins could reflect attributed functions of these factors, minimal anti-proliferative activity in the rapidly growing conceptuses and cell migration important for gastrulation/trophectoderm elongation, respectively. (usda.gov)
  • Microtubule-associated proteins are thought to be involved in microtubule dynamics, which is essential for cell polarization and differentiation. (antibodies-online.com)
  • These proteins are involved in signal transduction from ectoderm to mesenchyme during development of the fetus and are indispensable for the differentiation of ectoderm-derived structures such as eccrine sweat glands, teeth, hair, skin, and/or nails. (springer.com)
  • The main ongoing theme of his work involves establishing technologies to target protein function inside cells particularly protein-protein interactions, using antibody fragments (with novel warheads) as drug surrogates for functional ablation of target proteins (intracellular immunotherapy programme). (icr.ac.uk)
  • Thus, to facilitate drug delivery (both intracellular antibody fragments, that he calls these macrodrugs to distinguish these from conventional drugs, and derived small molecules), he is examining cell surface protein expression in tumours to define cell surface proteins that could be used for homing of therapeutics, such as their nanoparticles that have encapsulated macrodrugs or small molecules derived from the macrodrugs. (icr.ac.uk)
  • p53 affects the transcription of many target genes and interacts with key cellular proteins. (molvis.org)
  • Ongoing work is focused on understanding the biochemical and physiologic functions of the three mammalian Cbl proteins in epithelial cells and elucidating the differences in their specificity and/or function. (cancer.gov)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • Cable HA binds to inflammatory proteins and prevents their cell surface interaction and has anti-inflammatory properties, while peri-cellular coats make cells migratory. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • When these proteins are turned on (activated) by binding to other molecules, signaling pathways are triggered within cells that promote cell proliferation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gastrin and its derivates have been reported to regulate epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. (tum.de)
  • Transcriptome analysis showed that SL and GOS both induced pathways that regulate cell cycle control. (monash.edu)
  • Recently, genetic analyses in Drosophila have revealed various genes that regulate the competitive behavior of cells. (fsu.edu)
  • These observations suggest that GCC signaling may regulate the renewal of the intestinal epithelium by restricting the proliferating compartment and promoting the transition from proliferation to differentiation along the crypt to villus axis. (jefferson.edu)
  • My laboratory studies signal transduction pathways that regulate growth and programmed cell death in epithelial cancer cells, with a focus on breast and ovarian cancer. (cancer.gov)
  • Understanding the mechanisms that regulate signaling by these kinases should uncover new ways to inhibit cancer cell growth. (cancer.gov)
  • Our current work utilizes biochemical and genetic approaches to identify mechanisms that regulate the induction of death by TRAIL ligand in breast and ovarian cancer cells. (cancer.gov)
  • Niche Cells and Signals that Regulate Lung Alveolar Stem Cells In Vivo. (stanford.edu)
  • Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
  • Recent advances in understanding the role that epigenetics plays in cancer pathogenesis and understanding the mechanisms through which these processes regulate gene expression have stimulated considerable interest in developing clinically viable antineoplastic agents that target enzymatic components of transcriptional regulatory complexes responsible for the establishment of pathologic epigenetic modifications that lead to deregulated gene expression in cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Additionally, they can regulate gene expression by inhibiting the activity of other transcription factors, such as AP-1. (medscape.com)
  • The altered protein cannot regulate cell proliferation effectively and allows DNA damage to accumulate in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Figure 2: Postulated G-protein-mediated signal transduction process in normal and regenerating endothelial cells. (nature.com)
  • Cells of the conceptus were highly proliferative at all stages and the embryonic disc of the ovoid conceptus was already polarized as indicated by the protein expression of Ki67 and brachyury, respectively. (usda.gov)
  • The product of this gene is a microtubule-associated protein that is predominantly expressed in cells of epithelial origin. (antibodies-online.com)
  • After differentiating the mutant and corrected cells into lung organoids, we show expression of SFTPB mRNA during endodermal and organoid differentiation but the protein product only after organoid differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Exons 1-6 of the WT1 gene encode the regulatory domain, which regulates expression of target genes, and exons 7-10 encode the 4 zinc fingers of the DNA-binding region of the WT1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • The WT1 protein mediates the mesenchymal-epithelial transition and differentiation during morphogenesis of the kidney and gonad by repressing genes that encode cell proliferation factors and by activating genes that encode markers of epithelial cell differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • also known as ASH1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NeuroD1), yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3). (cancerindex.org)
  • Furthermore, E1A DNA and protein persisted in epithelial cells in the lungs of these animals 9 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Lastly, we revealed that addition of type IV collagen protein induced myofibroblast proliferation and migration in monolayer culture and increased the formation of mesenchymal-epithelial septal-like structures in co-culture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene, together with spectrin and actin, constitute the red cell membrane cytoskeletal network. (cancerindex.org)
  • These observations support the hypothesis that axonal influences affect oligodendrocyte survival, differentiation, and expression of proteolipid protein gene products. (rupress.org)
  • In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
  • Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. (thermofisher.com)
  • The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein, called p53, that is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches (binds) directly to DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein regulates cell growth and division by monitoring DNA damage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The EGFR and KRAS genes each provide instructions for making a protein that is embedded within the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Estrogens are important regulators of growth and differentiation in (range, 0 -9 fmol/mg protein, median 0.7). (lu.se)
  • Integrators of epidermal growth and differentiation: distinct functions for beta 1 and beta 4 integrins. (embl.de)
  • Retinoids are potent agents that can normalize abnormal growth and differentiation in keratinocytes (American Academy of Dermatology [AAD], 2003). (medscape.com)
  • Surfactant is produced by alveolar type II cells which can be differentiated in vitro from patient specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived lung organoids. (nature.com)
  • Lung development is a complicated process that involves the specialization of multiple bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial populations. (nature.com)
  • Alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cells synthesize, secrete and recycle all components of surfactant and dysfunction in surfactant metabolism can result in a variety of pediatric lung diseases including respiratory distress syndrome and interstitial lung disease 3 . (nature.com)
  • Case-control studies have shown that the E1A DNA from group C adenoviruses is present in greater amounts in the lungs of patients with COPD than in controls with normal lung function matched for age, sex and smoking history 5 , and that the excess inflammation in the lungs of smokers with severe emphysema is associated with increased numbers of alveolar epithelial cells expressing E1A 6 . (ersjournals.com)
  • In addition to its role in the formation of epithelium and vasculature, type IV collagen appears to be key for alveolar myofibroblast development by inducing their proliferation, differentiation and migration throughout the developing septum. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Loss of mesenchymal GR signaling blocked fibroblast progenitor differentiation into mature MFBs, which in turn increased proliferation of SOX9+ alveolar epithelial progenitor cells and inhibited differentiation of mature alveolar type II (AT2) and AT1 cells. (stanford.edu)
  • The distal lung is a honeycomb-like collection of delicate gas exchange sacs called alveoli lined by two interspersed epithelial cell types: the cuboidal, surfactant-producing alveolar type II (AT2) and the flat, gas-exchanging alveolar type I (AT1) cell. (stanford.edu)
  • Acute alveolar injury rapidly expands the AT2 stem cell pool by transiently inducing Wnt signaling activity in "bulk" AT2 cells, facilitating rapid epithelial repair. (stanford.edu)
  • Two non-AT2 "reserve" cell populations residing in the distal airways also contribute to alveolar repair, but only after widespread epithelial injury, when they rapidly proliferate, migrate, and differentiate into airway and alveolar lineages. (stanford.edu)
  • Here, we review alveolar renewal and repair with a focus on the niches, rather than the stem cells, highlighting what is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which they control stem cell activity in vivo. (stanford.edu)
  • Adaptation to air breathing after birth is dependent upon the synthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant by alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells. (stanford.edu)
  • microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. (nih.gov)
  • The rat HMGCS2 gene contains elements that control its multihormonal regulation and tissue specificity ( 11 - 14 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Even though its sequence along with its expressional pattern in cancer cell lines are evident, the functional aspects concerning cell proliferation, viability, differentiation and cell cycle regulation of NDRG1 remains vague. (scirp.org)
  • and (d) down-regulation of non-epithelial genes. (rupress.org)
  • In the present study, up-regulation of SOX9 was observed in both NPC tissues and different NPC cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • In summary, the three major areas of research in my lab are independent yet connected-proper differentiation of follicle cells is key to the establishment of oocyte polarity, and cell competition involves intercellular communication and regulation of cell proliferation. (fsu.edu)
  • Through the study of temporal and spatial regulation of important genes and pathways in our model systems, we will develop a more comprehensive picture of the molecular mechanisms orchestrating egg development and gain a deeper understanding of how basic cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and growth are regulated in development. (fsu.edu)
  • Role of tumour necrosis factor alpha stimulated Gene-6 in the regulation of peri-cellular hyaluronan assembly in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • EMT involves loss of an epithelial phenotype and acquisition of a mesenchymal or myofibroblastic phenotype shown by up-regulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Notch signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation in various tissues 5-6 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Collagens considerably suppressed expression of the α5 gene in CECs at confluence suggesting that the sustained staining for CI and CIV after corneal injury may play a role in controlling adhesion to the temporary FN matrix and further differentiation of CECs into suprabasal epithelial cells through a mechanism involving the α5β1 integrin. (nih.gov)
  • Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that mediate cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. (embl.de)
  • Our study revealed that Ang II influences EC cells in terms of cancer-related processes, and is responsible for increased proliferation, reduction in apoptosis, increased mobility and modulation of adhesion potential. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Here, we show that MITF directly represses the expression of genes associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and focal adhesion pathways in human melanoma cells as well as of regulators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) such as CDH2, thus affecting cell morphology and cell-matrix interactions. (uzh.ch)
  • Little is known about molecular mecha- desmosomal glycoproteins, resulting in the nisms affecting mast cell and T lympho- loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • HMGCS2 , the gene that regulates ketone body production, is expressed in liver and several extrahepatic tissues, such as the colon. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The Notch signaling pathway provides important intercellular signaling mechanisms essential for cell fate specification and it regulates differentiation and proliferation of stem or progenitor cells by para-inducing effects 3-4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • We will use a combination of human natural quasi-randomization studies of infant RSV infection specifically designed to assess the impact of infant RSV infection on subsequent respiratory health and the airway epithelium, and in vitro models of RSV infection of nasal airway epithelial cells (NAECs). (vumc.org)
  • Air exposure and cell differentiation are essential for investigation of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in human primary airway epithelial cells in vitro. (cdc.gov)
  • During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
  • Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • Serial analysis of gene expression identified genes involved in cellular differentiation/structure (cytokeratin-8 and -18) and growth/cell migration/mesoderm-epithelial interaction (stratifin and midkine), which could potentially be regulated by steroids like estrogen. (usda.gov)
  • Professor Walters's principal interests are the Molecular and cellular function of the small intestine -- in particular how the development and differentiation of the mucosal epithelial cells affects nutrient transport. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), also known as differentiation related gene 1, was previously identified as an up - regulated gene upon cellular differentiation. (scirp.org)
  • Current knowledge of cellular behavior is mainly acquired by studies concerning homogenous populations of cells cultured as monolayers. (intechopen.com)
  • We integrated genome-wide gene expression profiling, ATAC-seq, and single cell RNA-seq data in mice in which GR was deleted or activated to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which glucocorticoids control prenatal lung maturation. (stanford.edu)
  • Knockdown of TSG-6 gene in PTC leads to loss of HA cables and the peri-cellular assembly of HA coat was loose and scattered. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Central to the epigenetic control of gene expression is the histone code through which input signals can be translated into a heritable pattern of gene expression defining cellular output states ( Fig. 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • This noroviruses has been limited by our inability to propagate level of cellular differentiation was achieved by growing the these viruses in vitro ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
  • Moreover, we examined alterations in the expression of genes related to cancer cell behaviour after Ang II treatment. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • GR enhanced differentiation of a newly defined proliferative mesenchymal progenitor cell (PMP) into matrix fibroblasts (MFBs), in part by directly activating extracellular matrix-associated target genes, including Fn1, Col16a4, and Eln and by modulating VEGF, JAK-STAT, and WNT signaling. (stanford.edu)
  • this finding indicates that the gene for NFJ syndrome is not located in the epidermal differentiation complex, the type II keratin cluster, or the desmosomal cadherin cluster, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • The modulation of epidermal differentiation by retinoids led to its use in premalignant lesions, such as actinic keratoses (Verschoore et al. (medscape.com)
  • In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • CONCLUSION: Our immunohistochemical studies might suggest that the gastrinoma-associated excessive progastrin tissue concentrations led to diminished expression of E-cadherin within the gastric mucosa and promoted tumor development of a signet-ring cell carcinoma. (tum.de)
  • This resulted in over-expression of NDRG1, which in turn markedly up regulated two differentiation markers of the prostate tissue, p21 and cytokeratin 8/18. (scirp.org)
  • T. Okuda and H. Kondoh, "Identification of New Genes ndr2 and ndr3 Which Are Related to Ndr1/RTP/Drg1 but Show Distinct Tissue Specificity and Response to Nmyc," Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 266, No. 1, 1999, pp. 208-215. (scirp.org)
  • CD4 + T cells are enriched in lesional tissue from patients with CD and UC and blockade or depletion of CD4 + T is effective in treating patients with IBD. (frontiersin.org)
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation is now recognised as an important feature of tissue remodelling. (ersjournals.com)
  • Reports from several laboratories suggest that a phenomenon termed epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, in which epithelial cells transform into fibroblasts capable of producing connective tissue matrix, is an important feature of tissue remodelling 10 , 11 . (ersjournals.com)
  • p53 participates in relevant aspects of cell biology, including apoptosis and cell cycle control and must be strictly regulated to maintain normal tissue homeostasis. (molvis.org)
  • Among these, the neoplastic tumor-suppressor genes (nTSGs) have been shown to fulfill two significant functions requisite for organ size control: first, establishing apicobasal cell polarity as a principle of epithelial tissue organization and appropriate timing of terminal differentiation and, second, exerting cell-proliferation control as a primary factor in tissue growth. (fsu.edu)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
  • Epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) has been shown to contribute to renal disease and tissue fibrosis and is known to be mediated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Recently, a number of studies have shown that Ang II plays an important role in proliferation, invasiveness and migration of tumour cells, alteration of expression of cancer-related genes, as well as in physiological tissue remodelling. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • On the basis of sequence diversity of the lack of suitable tissue culture or animal models, the true capsid gene, noroviruses can be classified into 8 genetic nature of norovirus pathogenesis remains unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • SFTs of the pleura are localized mesenchymal neoplasms composed of fibroblastlike cells believed to arise from the subpleural connective tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (Nr3c1) from fetal pulmonary mesenchymal cells phenocopied defects caused by global Nr3c1 deletion, while lung epithelial- or endothelial-specific Nr3c1 deletion did not impair lung function at birth. (stanford.edu)
  • A combination of stem cell and apoptosis factors studies is used as a model for studies of development in higher animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
  • To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
  • Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • In the mosaic Drosophila wing imaginal discs, mahj-/- or lgl-/- cells adjacent to wild-type cells undergo apoptosis, whereas mahj-/- or lgl-/- cells that are not adjacent to wild-type cells do not. (fsu.edu)
  • The nonautonomous apoptosis in these mutant cells is suppressed by inhibition of the JNK pathway. (fsu.edu)
  • Furthermore, overexpression of Mahj in lgl-/- mutant cells suppresses JNK activation and blocks apoptosis of lgl-/- mutant cells in the wild-type wing-disc epithelium. (fsu.edu)
  • G) Quantification of apoptotic cells in the mahj1 mosaic wing discs showing non-cell-autonomous apoptosis in mahj−/− cells. (fsu.edu)
  • Crypt hyperplasia in GCC-/- mice was associated with compensatory increases in cell migration and apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
  • 2) We investigate induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells by TRAIL receptor agonists. (cancer.gov)
  • Cancer cells avoid apoptosis by a variety of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. (cancer.gov)
  • In a second project we are investigating the induction of apoptosis by activation of death receptors for the ligand TRAIL in breast and ovarian cancer cells. (cancer.gov)
  • Our goal is to selectively trigger apoptosis in the cancer cells. (cancer.gov)
  • We have shown that most breast and ovarian cancer cell lines are resistant to the induction of apoptosis by TRAIL, the ligand for the death receptors DR4 and DR5. (cancer.gov)
  • We have demonstrated that resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis can be overcome by co-incubation of the cells with chemotherapeutic agents, semi-synthetic retinoids (such as 4HPR), or molecularly targeted agents (such as anti-ErbB-2 antibodies). (cancer.gov)
  • When DNA becomes damaged, p53 helps determine whether the DNA will be repaired or the cell will self-destruct ( undergo apoptosis ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cell Culture Infectivity Assay for Norovirus cally resemble in vivo tissues and organs ( 25 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Notch-1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2, and stem cell marker Nanog are expressed in SHED cultured in KGM which may be involved in the differentiation into epithelial-like cells in human dental pulp tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are multipotent stem cells derived from the pulp tissues of extracted deciduous teeth 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Tissues and Cells. (lu.se)
  • c-Myc transrepression is mediated by blockade of the transactivating activity of Miz-1, which occurs mainly through a Sp1-binding site in the proximal promoter of the gene. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Here we show the differentiation of patient specific iPSCs derived from a patient with SFTPB deficiency into lung organoids with mesenchymal and epithelial cell populations from both the proximal and distal portions of the human lung. (nature.com)
  • Although many differentiation protocols in the literature have been successful in mimicking lung development from stem cells, there has not been an examination of how a specific mutation impacts the differentiation process including its effects on the early endoderm, as well as the proximal and distal lung epithelial cell populations in the lung organoids. (nature.com)
  • HA assembly is influenced by its interaction with hyaladherins and this study investigated the role of tumour necrosis factor-α stimulated gene (TSG)-6, one of the hyaladherins by assessing its interaction with HA, HABP and CD44 in proximal tubular cells (PTC) EMT. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Their apoptotic cells are similar to homologous to mammalian. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells closely resembling epithelia constitute the first specific cell type in a mammalian embryo. (rupress.org)
  • In collaboration with Dr. Fujita at University College London, we found that Mahj-knockdown mammalian MDCK cells were also eliminated by wildtype cells through cell competition. (fsu.edu)
  • My group cloned two of the three mammalian Cbl genes (Cbl-b and Cbl-c). (cancer.gov)
  • In mammalian cells, histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9) methylation and histone hypoacetylation are usually associated with methylated DNA, heterochromatin, and gene silencing. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Given the importance of CD4 + Th cells in the disease process, this review will focus on how Th cells differentiate in the inflamed intestinal tract during IBD and how the Th lineage-specific cytokines and transcription factors (TFs) contribute to disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
  • SHED was able to differentiate into epithelial like cells when cultured in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • N. van Belzen, W. N. Dinjens, B. H. Eussen and F. T. Bosman, "Expression of Differentiation-Related Genes in Colorectal Cancer: Possible Implications for Prognosis," Histology and Histopathology, Vol. 13, No. 4, 1998, pp. 1233-1242. (scirp.org)
  • TET1 plays a critical role in intestinal epithelial differentiation and development, and this is also correlated with increased hydroxymethylation in terminally differentiated epithelial cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Many subsets of CD4 + T cells have been identified as players in perpetuating chronic intestinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • In IBD, however, Th1 cells accumulate in the intestinal tract of individuals with CD and are directly associated with disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • The most commonly lost gene products in colorectal carcinogenesis include guanylin and uroguanylin, the endogenous ligands for guanylyl cyclase C (GCC, GUCY2C), the intestinal receptor for diarrheagenic bacterial enterotoxins. (jefferson.edu)
  • In vitro differentiation of small intestinal epithelium that nausea, vomiting, and watery diarrhea within 12-24 hours approaches physiologic functionality of the in vivo host of exposure and typically remain symptomatic for 1-2 may allow for the development of a pathogenesis model days ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We present cultured in the RWV bioreactors, with the rotation speed the results of our first attempts to infect a physiologically adjusted to maintain the cell aggregates in suspension dur- relevant 3-D small intestinal epithelium model (INT-407) ing the entire culture duration (18-20 rotations/min ini- with genogroup I and II human noroviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • With the exception of EDA1 and NEMO , both localized on the X chromosome, all other genes encoding components of the TNFα-related signaling pathway involved in differentiation of skin appendages, are localized on the autosomes (Table 1 ). (springer.com)
  • We selected 17 patients clinically and his- is encoded by a single gene located on the tologically proven to be suffering from PV short arm of chromosome 11 [ 6 ]. (who.int)
  • Here, we investigate its transformation potential using organoids from primary murine colon epithelial cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Among these is the isolation of the first line of murine stem cells [ 5 , 6 ] in 1981, followed by establishment of the first human embryonic stem cell lines by Thompson [ 7 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • We also show the presence of normal lamellar bodies and the secretion of surfactant into the cell culture medium in the organoids of lentiviral infected cells. (nature.com)
  • Vasopressin promotes cell growth and fluid secretion via the cyclic AMP pathway, which leads to increase in the size and number of cysts in polycystic kidney disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Guinea pig primary peripheral lung epithelial cells (PLECs) transfected with adenovirus E1A (E1A-PLECs) were compared to guinea pig normal lung fibroblasts (NLFs) transfected with E1A (E1A-NLFs). (ersjournals.com)
  • Responsiveness of the α5 gene toward collagen was determined by transfection of recombinant plasmids bearing the CAT reporter gene under the control of various segments from the human α5 promoter into primary cultured rabbit (RCECs) and human (HCECs) CECs cultured on BSA or on collagens. (nih.gov)
  • Primary cultures of human corneal epithelial cells cultivated on BSA (number of replicates: 2), Collagen type I (number of replicates: 2) and Collagen type IV (number of replicates: 2) matrix. (nih.gov)
  • Human conjunctival epithelial cells in primary culture were infected with Ad19 at multiplicities of infection (MOI) of 0, 0.1 or 1.0 and harvested at 1.5h, 6h or 16h post-infection. (arvojournals.org)
  • combining the primary Ad19 data with an additional experiment using cells grown in secondary culture revealed 18 panels with consistent, time-dependent changes. (arvojournals.org)
  • We will further characterize molecular changes during directed cell differentiation and identify the cells that exhibit a pattern of DNA modification, namely DNA methylation, similar to primary neural cells in human brain. (ca.gov)
  • STAT4 also signals activation of the TF T-bet, a lineage-defining factor for Th1 differentiation, which upregulates the IL-12 receptor, IFN-γ expression, and causes further expansion of Th1 cells (Figure 1 ) ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Crypt expansion reflected hyperplasia of the proliferating compartment with reciprocal increases in rapidly cycling progenitor cells and reductions in differentiated cells of the secretory lineage, including Paneth and goblet, but not enteroendocrine, cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • Summary of Research Progress: Our research aims to identify the optimal culture conditions and the best hESC lines for the derivation of nerve lineage cells in therapeutic cell transplantation. (ca.gov)
  • Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
  • The effect of GOS and SL on epithelial barrier functioning and microbiota composition was investigated using in vitro models. (monash.edu)
  • Colon cancer, which arises from the colonic epithelium, exhibits decreased hydroxymethylation and altered gene expression. (intechopen.com)
  • A Novel Gene Which Is Up-Regulated during Colon Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Down-Regulated in Colorectal Neoplasms," Laboratory Investigation: A Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology, Vol. 77, No. 1, 1997, pp. 85-92. (scirp.org)
  • Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • Interleukin (IL)-12, which is secreted by antigen-presenting cells, acts via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 to promote the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, cytokines induced during early stages of IBD, play important roles in differentiation of interferon (IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-producing Th1 cells as well as IL-17-producing Th17 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have now explored the dosimetry of LSLTP in vitro using epithelial cell interleukin (IL)-8 gene expression as a surrogate for potential of particles to cause inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • 2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
  • The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
  • By definition, pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma refers to an epithelial neoplasm that secondarily involves the pleura and encases the lung, thereby simulating the radiologic and macroscopic appearance of malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • Over the last few decades, understanding of how each subset of Th cells plays a role has dramatically increased. (frontiersin.org)
  • During aging, a subset of AT2 cells expressing the canonical Wnt target gene, Axin2, function as stem cells, renewing themselves while generating new AT1 and AT2 cells. (stanford.edu)
  • The AP-1 transcription complex controls the expression of a subset of genes that are expressed early in response to extracellular mitogenic stimuli or to stress. (medscape.com)
  • Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadassohn (NFJ) syndrome may be associated with a number of markers located in the vicinity of the type I keratin gene cluster on band 17q21. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, a highly significant linkage was detected with a number of markers located in the vicinity of the type I keratin gene cluster on band 17q21, with maximum 2-lod scores of 4.16 and 3.717 for the markers D17S1787 and D17S1886, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] The genetic defect appears to be a region of the gene encoding the KRT14 nonhelical head (E1/V1) domain located between the microsatellite markers D17S798 and D17S957, which are separated by approximately 26.97 cM. (medscape.com)
  • During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
  • CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
  • 2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)
  • Large cell carcinoma encompasses non-small cell lung cancers that do not appear to be adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These observations support a mutation in a basal keratin gene as causing both blistering and pigmentary disorders. (medscape.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: In this study we investigated the histopathological and molecular findings in the gastrointestinal wall of a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with malignant duodenal gastrinoma and multiple gastric ECL cell tumors, who additionally developed a signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach. (tum.de)
  • Molecular subtypes of small cell lung cancer: a synthesis of human and mouse model data. (cancerindex.org)
  • This provides a new system for molecular analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal interconversions. (rupress.org)
  • His achievements span several disciplines within molecular biology, including human antibody gene diversity, chromosomal translocations in cancer and pre-clinical modelling of chromosomal translocations. (icr.ac.uk)
  • SL and GOS also promoted re-epithelialization in an in vitro epithelial wound repair assay. (monash.edu)
  • Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and Western blot analyses were used to monitor both the DNA binding and expression of the transcription factors required to ensure basal transcription of the α5 gene. (nih.gov)
  • These collagen-dependent regulatory influences also correlated with alterations in either the expression or the DNA binding of the transcription factors Sp1/Sp3, NFI and AP-1 that ensure basal transcription of the α5 gene. (nih.gov)
  • Epigenetics describes modifications that affect gene expression that are not encoded within the DNA sequence. (intechopen.com)
  • Although genetics have played a dominant role in cancer research, epigenetics (heritable changes in gene function that do not involve alterations in DNA sequence) has become equally important in this field. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We also begin to produce and characterize a new type of human stem cells, namely induced pluripotent cells that are obtained by converting somatic cells into stem cell through reprogramming. (ca.gov)
  • culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
  • RNA was reverse-transcribed to obtain the cDNA and then proceeded with PCR using specific primers for the Notch signaling pathway molecules (Notch1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2 and, Hes1) as well as stem cell marker (Nanog). (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem Cell Reports. (lu.se)
  • The factors responsible for the postnatal and starvation-associated induction of HMGCS2 gene expression have been identified and shown to involve changes in circulating hormone and fatty acid levels. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
  • The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
  • We also showed that dose-dependent induction of proliferation was connected with changes in the expression of MKI67, CCND1 and CCNE1 genes in well- and poorly differentiated cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Jeffrey Whitsett's laboratory makes extensive use of conditional gene targeting in transgenic mice, bioinformatics, physiology and biochemistry in the study of lung formation and function. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Conditional systems for gene targeting have been developed for study of lung formation and function, as well as for identifying lung progenitor cells and their fates in the mouse. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an exceptionally lethal malignancy for which more effective therapies are urgently needed. (cancerindex.org)
  • Adenoviral DNA is retained by peripheral epithelial cells of the lung (PLECs) in humans in whom the viral E1A gene is expressed 4 without replication of a complete virus 5 . (ersjournals.com)
  • We have performed a microarray expression analysis in late chick lung development and found that COL4A1 and COL4A2 were among the most significantly upregulated genes during the formation of the avian BGB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The lung is a complex, precisely structured organ in which the vascular network is intimately associated with epithelial-lined tubes and sacs for the prime purpose of gas exchange. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the developing lung, the specific temporal-spatial interactions between mesenchymal and epithelial cells are carefully orchestrated to permit the gradual establishment of an effective blood-gas barrier (BGB) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • b Microarray analysis shows that vascular related genes, among which are Col4a1 and Col4a2 , show the highest significance in late chick lung development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lung cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the lungs become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Lung cancer is generally divided into two types, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, based on the size of the affected cells when viewed under a microscope. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 85 percent of lung cancer, while small cell lung cancer accounts for the remaining 15 percent. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Non-small cell lung cancer is divided into three main subtypes: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell lung carcinoma. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In nearly all cases of lung cancer, these genetic changes are acquired during a person's lifetime and are present only in certain cells in the lung. (medlineplus.gov)
  • SHED has the ability to be differentiated to specific cell lineages such as odontoblasts and osteoblasts as well as epithelial like cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • their evolution from distinct cell lineages. (lu.se)
  • However, endothelium that has regenerated after percutaneous coronary intervention is incompetent in terms of its integrity and function, with poorly formed cell junctions, reduced expression of antithrombotic molecules, and decreased nitric oxide production. (nature.com)
  • Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
  • Aim: To detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signaling pathway in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). (bvsalud.org)
  • Since the Notch signaling pathway molecules play an important role in differentiation of epithelial cells, it is important to identify the presence of notch signaling molecules in SHED during the process of cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this study was to detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signallng pathway in SHED cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, KGM. (bvsalud.org)
  • Knowledge on the expression analysis of Notch signaling pathway molecules in SHED cultured in KGM could highlight its involvement in controlling the biological activity of these stem cells, particularly during odontogenesis and other developmental process. (bvsalud.org)
  • CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)
  • In a whole-genome sequencing in 17 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma cases and whole-exome sequencing in 71 cases, Song (2014), reported ASH1L alterations. (cancerindex.org)
  • risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, Martin-Hirsch squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)
  • While abnormal keratin filament structure and function can explain hypohidrosis and epithelial differentiation abnormalities, the absence of dermatoglyphics is not well understood. (medscape.com)
  • Among the intersex disorders, pure gonadal dysgenesis with male pseudohermaphroditism is the classic presentation, although a wide variety of abnormalities in gonadal differentiation can be encountered. (medscape.com)
  • They shape the microbiota, have anti-inflammatory properties, and support epithelial barrier functioning. (monash.edu)
  • Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
  • Proliferation of KRT14 -expressing basal cells leads to development of dermatoglyphics during the first trimester of gestation. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast to the respiratory serotype Ad5, the preferential ocular tropism of Ad19 and subsequent productive infection likely depends both on its control of some host differentiation/development genes and on the different host defense /inflammatory responses it elicits. (arvojournals.org)
  • The lethality of mdm2 −/− mice before implantation makes it impossible to analyze Mdm2 interaction with p53 in vivo at specific times of development, at postnatal/adult stages, or in specific cell types. (molvis.org)
  • A defined synthetic mixture of amino acids, salts, carbohydrates, vitamins and serum was shown to support cells in vitro[ 3 ], thus unifying a major variable in cell culturing experiments and providing a possibility for rapid development of this novel method. (intechopen.com)
  • The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a critical regulator of melanocyte development and differentiation. (uzh.ch)
  • Development: For advances in developmental biology and stem cells. (lu.se)
  • This include the effects of inflammatory diseases of the intestine causing malabsorption, such as coeliac disease and Crohn's disease, and the changes in gene expression during active disease and the repair process. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Yet, CD4 + T cells are also known to be the main drivers of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) when this balance is perturbed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Inflammatory bowel disease is a complex set of diseases that includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), each with multiple bacterial, immune, and non-immune cell types contributing to inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, a number of biologics that target CD4 + T cell differentiation into inflammatory subsets or their byproducts (i.e., cytokines) have shown efficacy in treating patients with IBD ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Critical factors in the differentiation of effector Th cells during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (frontiersin.org)
  • I have previously reported (Frisch, 1991) that adenovirus E1a is a tumor suppressor gene in certain human cell lines. (rupress.org)