• The first period of Indigenous American genetic history is the determinant factor for the number of genetic lineages, zygosity mutations and founding haplotypes present in today's Indigenous American populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indigenous American populations descend from an Ancient Paleo-Siberian population, itself a combination of an Ancient East Asian lineage which diverged from other East Asian peoples prior to the Last Glacial Maximum, between 36,000 and 25,000 years ago, and subsequently migrated into Siberia, where they merged with a primarily West Eurasian (Ancient North Eurasians), deeply related to European hunter-gatherers. (wikipedia.org)
  • They later dispersed throughout the Americas after about 16,000 years ago (exceptions being the Na-Dene and Eskimo-Aleut speaking groups, which are derived partially from Siberian populations which entered the Americas at a later time). (wikipedia.org)
  • The Indigenous American populations show a lesser genetic diversity than populations from other continental regions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Observed is a decreasing genetic diversity as geographic distance from the Bering Strait occurs, as well as a decreasing genetic similarity to Siberian populations from Alaska (the genetic entry point). (wikipedia.org)
  • There is a relative lack of differentiation between Mesoamerican and Andean populations, a scenario that implies that coastal routes (in this case along the coast of the Pacific Ocean) were easier for migrating peoples (more genetic contributors) to traverse in comparison with inland routes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The best evidence supports 21 ancestries that delineate genetic structure of present-day human populations. (nature.com)
  • Initial efforts to characterize the movement of early humans in relation to ancestry grouped populations according to five geographical regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe/the Middle East/Central Asia/South Asia, East Asia, Oceania, and the Americas 9 . (nature.com)
  • The population frequency of the indel (rs66698963) is remarkably different among human populations with the insertion being far more frequent in South Asians, Africans and some East Asian populations, and far less common in European and other East Asian populations. (fatsoflife.com)
  • As well as established autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that differentiate sub-Saharan African, European, East Asian, South Asian, Native American, and Oceanian populations, ET includes autosomal SNPs able to efficiently differentiate populations from Middle East regions. (bvsalud.org)
  • The ability of the ET autosomal ancestry SNPs to distinguish Middle East populations from other continentally defined population groups is such that characteristic patterns for this region can be discerned in genetic cluster analysis using STRUCTURE. (bvsalud.org)
  • The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of characteristics and beliefs about common ancestry. (daynal.org)
  • However, it is recognized that the sample size is at present too small to exclude any competing hypothesis about a possible North African genetic contribution to the genesis of the Iberian peninsula populations. (blogspot.com)
  • Phylogeographic analyses show that the haplogroup composition of the ancient Iberians was very similar to that found in modern Iberian Peninsula populations, suggesting a long-term genetic continuity since pre-Roman times. (blogspot.com)
  • In summary, in community-based populations with more than 7,000 African Americans, we found that genetic ancestry is significant associated with type 2 diabetes above and beyond the effects of markers of SES, and we detected several suggestive loci that may harbor genetic variants modulating diabetes risk. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
  • The assessment of cattle diversity reported here contributes an unbiased global view to genetic differentiation and structure of taurine and zebu cattle populations, which is essential for an effective conservation of the bovine genetic resources. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several research initiatives have combined molecular marker datasets with historic and archaeological records in order to investigate the origin, history, genetic diversity, and differentiation of cattle populations (see Groeneveld et al . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, in several populations of Asia we found evidence for relatively recent genetic admixture events, which could have obscured the signatures of the earliest processes. (biorxiv.org)
  • To demonstrate its capabilities, we compared the FST distributions of GenoChip SNPs to those of two commercial arrays for three continental populations. (blogspot.com)
  • 2012) Type 2 Diabetes Risk Alleles Demonstrate Extreme Directional Differentiation among Human Populations, Compared to Other Diseases. (blogspot.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrated extreme directional differentiation of risk allele frequencies across human populations, compared with null distributions of European-frequency matched control genomic alleles and risk alleles for other diseases. (blogspot.com)
  • Furthermore, we show that these patterns contribute to disparities in predicted genetic risk across 1,397 HapMap individuals, T2D genetic risk being consistently higher for individuals in the African populations and lower in the Asian populations, irrespective of the ethnicity considered in the initial discovery of risk alleles. (blogspot.com)
  • The Y- and X-SNPs provide a distinct method for obtaining extra detail about co-ancestry patterns identified in males with admixed backgrounds. (bvsalud.org)
  • Containing an unprecedented number of Y-chromosomal and mtDNA SNPs and over 130,000 SNPs from the autosomes and X-chromosome, the chip was carefully vetted to avoid inclusion of medically relevant markers. (blogspot.com)
  • While previous studies have examined population differentiation of alleles at specific SNPs, global ethnic patterns of ensembles of disease risk alleles across human diseases are unexamined. (blogspot.com)
  • According to an autosomal genetic study from 2012, Indigenous Americans descend from at least three main migrant waves from East Asia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using the largest multi-locus data set known to date, we investigated genetic differentiation of early modern humans, human admixture and migration events, and relationships among ancestries and language groups. (nature.com)
  • By focusing on underlying ancestries rather than samples, confounding due to recent admixture is removed. (nature.com)
  • Groups such as African Americans who were known to have acquired a large degree of Caucasoid admixture due to the social definition of a "black" in the United States, have been shown to be a group with around 20-25% European admixture. (blogspot.com)
  • Thus we sought 1) to establish the association of genetic ancestry with diabetes and related quantitative traits in African Americans, after accounting for the non-genetic risk factors, and 2) to identify diabetes susceptibility loci by conducting a genome-wide admixture mapping scan. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
  • Using a graph-based model of gene flow to estimate migration events from ancestry-specific allele frequencies 37 , we find evidence for migration events in the distant past. (nature.com)
  • The polymorphism was present as an insertion in cells derived from a group of Japanese individuals, but was completely absent (a deletion) in others, albeit with a lower frequency (hence called the minor allele). (fatsoflife.com)
  • This genetic variant, termed an indel (insertion/deletion mutation), was found to influence the regulation of the expression levels of both FADS-1 and FADS-2 in a cellular system, with the minor allele in Japanese people being associated with lower expression of the FADS-1 and FADS-2 genes. (fatsoflife.com)
  • The population frequency of the allele corresponding to the rs66698963 insertion (allele named I) or deletion (allele named D) was determined from genomic DNA extracted from human samples (blood, breast milk, and placenta) obtained from several participating institutions in the US and Canada (n=211, nearly all from Kansas City), as well as from a group of Asian Indians (n=76). (fatsoflife.com)
  • The small panel of Microhaplotypes incorporated in ET were selected because they showed the highest levels of haplotype diversity amongst the seven population groups we sought to differentiate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human genetic diversity and the nonexistence of biological races. (kss.org.pl)
  • Much of his assertion that biological races exist within humans is contingent upon both his uncritical acceptance and misrepresentation of the significance of STRUCTURE type analyses of human genetic diversity. (thisviewoflife.com)
  • Regardless of whether there was a single major expansion or two, several DNA studies clearly showed that genetic diversity tends to decrease [ 21 , 22 ] and linkage disequilibrium to increase [ 23 , 24 ] at increasing distances from Africa. (biorxiv.org)
  • However, often brutal conflicts between ethnic groups have existed throughout history and across the world, and racial prejudice against Africans also exists today in non-colonised countries such as China and Japan. (kss.org.pl)
  • doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002621) shows that essentially every known gene associated with risk for Type Two Diabetes is more common in Africans than in Asians. (blogspot.com)
  • It is beyond reasonable dispute that Africans (and people with African descent) have greater frequencies of genes believed to present a risk for type two diabetes, while East Asians, and people of East Asian descent have a lower frequency of these genes. (blogspot.com)
  • We estimated correlation coefficients ranging from 0.522 to 0.962 between ancestries and language families or branches. (nature.com)
  • Distinguishing genetic correlation from causation across 52 diseases and complex traits. (harvard.edu)
  • Genetic correlation structures were highly integrated within each age period and this integration increased from newborn lizards to lizards aged up to 90 days. (gallotia.de)
  • For absolute measurements, phenotypic correlation structures were less integrated than genetic correlation structures, while for size-free measurements the opposite trend was observed. (gallotia.de)
  • We describe the development of the ancestry panel markers used in ET, and the enhanced analyses they provide compared to previous MPS-based forensic ancestry assays. (bvsalud.org)
  • Model-based clustering and ancestry informative markers analyses suggested that this is due to taurine introgression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conceptions of race, as well as specific ways of grouping races , vary by culture and over time, and are often controversial for scientific as well as social and political reasons. (daynal.org)
  • The controversy ultimately revolves around whether or not races are natural kinds or socially constructed, and the degree to which observed differences in ability and achievement, categorised on the basis of race, are a product of inherited (i.e. genetic) traits or environmental, social and cultural factors. (daynal.org)
  • From left to right, the FBI assigns the above individuals to the following races: White, Black, Hispanic, Asian. (kss.org.pl)
  • Physical anthropologists have long believed in continental races, although they may have differed as to the number of these races. (blogspot.com)
  • Whenever individuals from around the world are clustered based on a large number of loci, invariably the major races emerge as clusters of genetic similarity. (blogspot.com)
  • According to Nicholas Wade, "Humans cluster into five continental groups or races, and within each race there are further subclusters. (thisviewoflife.com)
  • Our findings demonstrate how the local environment directly affects disease risk phenotypes and that genetic variation, including less common variants, can modulate individual's response to environmental challenges. (nature.com)
  • We validated the algorithm's predictions by characterizing 646 genetic system variants, encoded in plasmids and genomes, expressed in six gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial hosts. (omictools.com)
  • A number of common genetic variants have been associated with diabetes risk. (blogspot.com)
  • Over many generations, the selection of beneficial traits associated with particular polymorphisms can lead to gradual changes in the frequency of specific genetic polymorphisms in a genetically-isolated population. (fatsoflife.com)
  • Air pollution impacts gene expression and pathways affecting cardio-metabolic and respiratory traits, when controlling for genetic ancestry. (nature.com)
  • After attributing a regional and/or continental ancestry to each individual using genome-wide polymorphism data, we are able to capture the effect of different environmental exposures on gene expression and health-related traits, while simultaneously controlling for genetic relatedness and migration. (nature.com)
  • 2018). Leveraging molecular quantitative trait loci to understand the genetic architecture of diseases and complex traits. (harvard.edu)
  • Linguistic studies have reinforced genetic studies, with relationships between languages found among those spoken in Siberia and those spoken in the Americas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Independent of self-identified ethno-linguistic labels, the vast majority (97.3%) of individuals have mixed ancestry, with evidence of multiple ancestries in 96.8% of samples and on all continents. (nature.com)
  • Ancestry data yield insight into a deeper past than linguistic data can, while linguistic data provide clarity to ancestry data. (nature.com)
  • However, in many areas, archaeologists face difficulties in distinguishing between Slavic and non-Slavic findings, as in the case of Chernyakhov and Przeworsk, since the cultures were also attributed to Iranian or Germanic peoples and were not exclusively connected with a single ancient tribal or linguistic group. (cloudfront.net)
  • We made simple mixture experiments to demonstrate that when the contributors have different ancestries and the mixture ratios are imbalanced (i.e., not 1:1 mixtures) the ET Microhaplotype panel is an informative system to infer ancestry when this differs between the contributors. (bvsalud.org)
  • STRUCTURE is an algorithm designed to infer population structure (cluster individuals into ancestry groups) within a species (Pritchard, Stephens, and Donnelly 2000. (thisviewoflife.com)
  • STRUCTURE produces for individuals an estimate of the probability that a randomly chosen genetic marker (e.g. single tandem repeats, STR, or single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP) from that individual originated from one of a set of ancestral groups. (thisviewoflife.com)
  • Genetic and archaeological studies have established a sub-Saharan African origin for anatomically modern humans with subsequent migrations out of Africa. (nature.com)
  • Molecular data, in particular genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, can complement historic and archaeological records to elucidate these past events. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study reports a 22-bp nucleotide insertion-deletion (indel) genetic polymorphism that may be causally related to the control of gene expression of the fatty acid desaturases, enzymes that control the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from 18-carbon PUFA. (fatsoflife.com)
  • Furthermore, the biochemical implications of the indel polymorphism were determined by evaluating the fatty acid composition of red blood cell membrane phospholipids as a long-term marker for LCPUFA formation. (fatsoflife.com)
  • As amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers are discovered and genotyped as the samples are assayed, this type of marker is free of ascertainment bias. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The number of ancestral groups, K, is chosen to produce a best estimate of these probabilities, which are averaged over all genetic markers to assign a membership coefficient, namely a fraction of each individual's ancestry to one of the ancestral groups (Feldman 2010. (thisviewoflife.com)
  • Joint cluster membership estimates showing individual co-ancestry that signals North African or East African origins were detected, or cluster patterns were seen that indicate origins from central and Eastern regions of the Middle East. (bvsalud.org)
  • If I go by FTDNA aging estimates, there is a big gap between our group and our parent where there is missing information, but there is an even bigger gap between our common ancestor and the testers today. (wanderingtrees.com)
  • The Food Security and Nutrition Working Group (FSNWG), co-chaired by IGAD and FAO, estimates that close to 23 million people are currently highly food insecure in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia" (see also "Aiding the catastrophe: Africa" , an analysis of the situation there, written in 2008 and even more pertinent today). (otoom.net)
  • To examine these patterns, we manually curated ethnic disease association data from 5,065 papers on human genetic studies representing 1,495 diseases, recording the precise risk alleles and their measured population frequencies and estimated effect sizes. (blogspot.com)
  • In addition, they suggest that genetic measured African ancestry contributes to the risk of type 2 diabetes via both genetic and non-genetic pathways. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
  • Yuan ZY, Wu YK , Yan F, Murphy RW , Papenfuss TJ , Wake DB , Zhang YP, Che J. Comparative multi-locus assessment of modern Asian newts ( , , and : Salamandridae) in southern China suggests a shared biogeographic history. (academictree.org)
  • One exception to this are the Chibcha speakers of Colombia, whose ancestry comes from both North and South America. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study is particularly noteworthy in that the authors explicitly present SIRE gaps that remain after extensive (sociologist fallacy style) controls as being evidence of genetic causation. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
  • The appearance of genetic polymorphisms, i.e. differences in the DNA nucleotide sequence between individuals, contributes to the opportunity for functional adaptation to specific environments that organisms may encounter. (fatsoflife.com)
  • It is now possible to trace the migratory paths of anatomically modern humans using genetic data. (nature.com)
  • Studies on polymorphisms found in one cluster of closely-located genes coding for fatty acid desaturases (FADS), enzymes that play an important role in the biosynthesis of both omega-6 and omega-3 LCPUFA, are providing an interesting perspective on the interaction between traditional diets and the population genetic history of humans. (fatsoflife.com)
  • Given visually complex social relationships, humans presumably have always observed and speculated about the physical differences among individuals and groups. (daynal.org)
  • Linguists and biologists have reached a similar conclusion based on analysis of Indigenous American language groups and ABO blood group system distributions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Samples from urban and rural Brazil with contrasting distributions of African, European, and Native American co-ancestry were also studied to gauge the efficiency of combining Y- and X-SNP data for this purpose. (bvsalud.org)
  • The spatial frequency distributions of R1a sub-haplogroups conclusively indicate two major groups, one found primarily in Europe and the other confined to Central and South Asia. (blogspot.com)
  • One of the things I haven't been sure how to approach is the tangle of time, movement, location and relatedness presented in these genetic studies of ancient and modern people. (wanderingtrees.com)
  • The authors simply state that they are following accepted protocol in genetic epidemiology. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
  • Smedley 1999) As Europeans encountered people from different parts of the world , they speculated about the physical, social, and cultural differences among various human groups. (daynal.org)
  • Meltzer 1993) Drawing on Classical sources and upon their own internal interactions - for example, the hostility between the English and Irish was a powerful influence on early thinking about the differences between people (Takaki 1993) - Europeans began to sort themselves and others into groups associated with physical appearance and with deeply ingrained behaviors and capacities. (daynal.org)
  • This persistent disparity suggests that genetic factors may contribute to ethnic differences in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
  • The effect of ancestry on any individual locus in the genome is likely to be modest, but in aggregate, differences in ancestry may contribute substantially to the observed ethnic disparity in risk of type 2 diabetes. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
  • One of the crucial innovations in reconceptualizing genotypic and phenotypic variation was anthropologist C. Loring Brace's observation that such variations, insofar as it is affected by natural selection, migration, or genetic drift, are distributed along geographic gradations or clines (Brace 1964). (kss.org.pl)
  • The GenoChip is a dedicated genotyping platform for genetic anthropology and promises to be the most powerful tool available for assessing population structure and migration history . (blogspot.com)
  • Later, having split into three groups during the migration period , the early Slavs were known to the Byzantine writers as Veneti, Antes and Sclaveni . (cloudfront.net)
  • Of special interest to officials trying to find individuals on the basis of DNA samples that indicate a diverse genetic background is what range of phenotypical characteristics people with that general mixture of genotypical characteristics may display. (kss.org.pl)
  • In order to obtain unbiased assessments of genetic differentiation and structure in taurine and zebu cattle, we analyzed a dataset of 135 AFLP markers in 1,593 samples from 13 zebu and 58 taurine breeds, representing nine continental areas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Editor's Note: Nicholas Wade's A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race, and Human History attempts to report on the concept of race from a modern genetic and evolutionary perspective. (thisviewoflife.com)
  • Given the observed ethnic/racial disparities in diabetes prevalence, we hypothesized that some diabetes susceptibility alleles are present at higher frequency in African Americans than in European Americans, resulting in association between genetic ancestry and diabetes risk that is independent of its association with other non-genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
  • It is most often used to describe negative racial discrimination or prejudice, however this fails to recognise that positive discrimination-such as racial pride, or where racial groups are afforded special exceptions or treatment-is effectively the same thing. (darkademic.co.uk)
  • Racism is also sometimes incorrectly identified as being limited to institutionalised prejudice, whereby it is claimed that only those belonging to certain "privileged" or "powerful" racial groups can be legitimately regarded as racist. (darkademic.co.uk)
  • We used an integrative approach to comprehensively assess the interactions between 1.6 million data points, encompassing a range of environmental exposures, health, and gene expression levels, coupled with whole-genome genetic variation. (nature.com)
  • In its second phase, the project is focusing on markers from across the entire genome to obtain a more complete understanding of human genetic variation. (blogspot.com)
  • Although many commercial arrays exist for genome-wide SNP genotyping, they were designed for medical genetic studies and contain medically related markers that are not appropriate for global population genetic studies. (blogspot.com)
  • In most studies of disease risk, disease incidence is known, and a potential ancestry based risk which could be due to either nature or nurture is inferred from disease incidence data after controlling for known environmental risk factors (e.g. diet), but genotype is not directly measured. (blogspot.com)
  • The genetic history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas is divided into two distinct periods: the initial peopling of the Americas during about 20,000 to 14,000 years ago (20-14 kya), and European contact, after about 500 years ago. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to constituting fascinating signatures of the population genetic history, diverse types of genetic variance are also of importance to human health and chronic disease susceptibility. (fatsoflife.com)
  • Molecular markers have been essential to the investigation of the history and genetic differentiation of domestic cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Genographic Project is an international effort using genetic data to chart human migratory history . (blogspot.com)
  • Drawing from this founding population of individuals with largely French ancestry, we selected 1007 individuals to determine mechanisms by which genomes, the environment, and their interactions contribute to phenotypic variation. (nature.com)
  • When a specific genetic variant reaches all members of the population, the trait becomes fixed. (fatsoflife.com)
  • In contrast with the positive selection of favorable adaptive polymorphisms, a genetic variant may also gradually disappear from a population if there is no survival advantage in having it. (fatsoflife.com)
  • From ∼ 1000 individuals of a founder population in Quebec, we reveal a substantial impact of the environment on the transcriptome and clinical endophenotypes, overpowering that of genetic ancestry. (nature.com)
  • The ancestral groups are not specified in advance, and the population membership of individuals is removed prior to analysis. (thisviewoflife.com)
  • RESULTS: At baseline, the study population had a mean age of 59.3 years, their mean BMI was 31.9 kg/m(2) , HbA(1c) level was 57 mmol/mol (7.4%) and glucose level was 8.8 mmol/l, and 77% were of white European ancestry(whiteindividuals) and 21% of black African ancestry (blackindividuals). (cdc.gov)
  • The VISAGE Enhanced Tool for Appearance and Ancestry (ET) has been designed to combine markers for the prediction of bio-geographical ancestry plus a range of externally visible characteristics into a single massively parallel sequencing (MPS) assay. (bvsalud.org)
  • The rise of the Atlantic slave trade , which gradually displaced an earlier trade in slaves from throughout the world, created a further incentive to categorize human groups in order to justify the subordination of African slaves. (daynal.org)
  • Wonil Chung, Omer Weissbrod and Margaux Hujoel were awarded as semifinalists for the Charles J. Epstein Trainee Award for Excellence in Human Genetic Research for the 2018 American Society of Human Genetics Conference in San Diego, California this October. (harvard.edu)
  • Background Anthropological and genetic data agree in indicating the African continent as the main place of origin for modern human. (biorxiv.org)
  • Responding to the growing scientific and practical interest in forensic DNA phenotyping, the VISible Attributes through GEnomics (VISAGE) Consortium was founded in 2017 with the main goal of developing and validating new and reliable molecular and statistical tools to predict appearance, ancestry and age from DNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • 68] On the other hand Edwards (2003) claims in his essay "Lewontin's Fallacy" that: "It is not true, as Nature claimed, that 'two random individuals from any one group are almost as different as any two random individuals from the entire world'" and Risch et al. (kss.org.pl)
  • However, consider this: if the PIE homeland really was on the steppe, and a dense sampling strategy of Hittite era Anatolia fails to turn up any unambiguous steppe ancestry in at least a few individuals, then there has to be an explanation for it. (blogspot.com)
  • We observed a similar pattern in the distribution of T2D Genetic Risk Scores, which are associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program cohort, for the same individuals. (blogspot.com)
  • These results suggest that in African Americans, genetic ancestry has a significant effect on the risk of type 2 diabetes that are independent of the contribution of SES, but that no single locus with a major effect explains a large portion of the observed disparity in diabetes risk between African Americans and European Americans. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
  • Both groups 'almost always' assessed asthma control (66.2%, SE 4.3), assessed school/work asthma triggers (71.3%, SE 3.9), and endorsed inhaled corticosteroids use (95.5%, SE 2.0). (cdc.gov)
  • However, those who speak Inuit languages from the Arctic inherited almost half of their ancestry from a second East Asian migrant wave. (wikipedia.org)
  • The data also shows that there have been genetic exchanges between Asia, the Arctic, and Greenland since the initial peopling of the Americas. (wikipedia.org)
  • These two trends culminated in the continental Arctic. (blogspot.com)
  • Recent research has classified lung adenocarcinoma patients with KRAS mutation into three subtypes by co-occurring genetic events in TP53 (KP subgroup), STK11/LKB1 (KL subgroup) and CDKN2A/B inactivation plus TTF-1 low expression (KC subgroup). (cancerindex.org)
  • All of a sudden, men with origins in close proximity, even in this small group, found themselves on either side of a divide. (wanderingtrees.com)
  • However there is at least one West Asian sequence (from Turkey) which seems independent ("branch B"), while an Indian and the already mentioned Norwegian sequence could derive from either one. (blogspot.com)
  • Retinopathy develops at similar glucose levels but higher HbA 1c levels in people with black African ancestry compared to white European ancestry: evidence for the need to individualize HbA 1c interpretation. (cdc.gov)
  • These groups introduced the so-called kurgan, a specific type of burial monument, which soon spread across the entire steppe zone. (blogspot.com)
  • This study used the 1000 Genomes admixed African and admixed American sample sets to fully explore these enhancements to the analysis of individual co-ancestry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Medieval models of "race" mixed Classical ideas with the notion that humanity as a whole was descended from Shem , Ham and Japheth , the three sons of Noah , producing distinct Semitic ( Asian ), Hamitic ( African ), and Japhetic ( European ) peoples. (daynal.org)
  • AIMS: To examine the association of HbA(1c) and glucose levels with incident diabetic retinopathy according to black African or white European ancestry. (cdc.gov)
  • People of color can be prejudiced against whites but clearly do not have the power as a group to enforce that prejudice. (darkademic.co.uk)
  • But, as far as I saw, the archaeogenetic data didn't bear this out at all, and instead showed a lack of any direct, recent and meaningful genetic relationship between Maykop and Yamnaya (see here ). (blogspot.com)
  • Ancestry data support the grouping of Kwadi-Khoe, Kx'a, and Tuu languages, support the exclusion of Omotic languages from the Afroasiatic language family, and do not support the proposed Dené-Yeniseian language family as a genetically valid grouping. (nature.com)
  • Microhaplotype data was not formally combined with single-site SNP genotypes to analyse ancestry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Even with large corpuses of genetic data, the "most likely" tree is often overwhelmingly likely to be wrong. (blogspot.com)
  • Yes, I realize that no one apart from me and a few of my readers here can find any steppe ancestry in the so called Hittite genomes published to date. (blogspot.com)
  • Jeg fant denne fra Cuzco i Peru, som ser ut til å vise en type steinbyggerkunst som er noe helt for seg selv. (klimaforskning.com)