DifferentiationChondrocytesAbility to differentiateOsteoblastsPreadipocytesAdiposeMesenchymalEmbryonicCells differentiateObeseMetabolicLipid metabolismMetabolismStemInsulinMRNAsLipogenesisAdipogenesisPhosphorylationObesityAccumulationPathwaysMiceTFAP2BC2C12InhibitsProteinTissueFattyWhiteReceptorBeigeCartilageLipidsConvertColleaguesGlycolysisCapacityHumansTranscriptionBrownMatureSignificantlyCell line
Differentiation15
- In the spectrum of cell potency, totipotency represents the cell with the greatest differentiation potential, being able to differentiate into any embryonic cell, as well as any extraembryonic cell. (wikipedia.org)
- 13. SCD1 inhibition during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation remodels triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol and phospholipid fatty acid composition. (nih.gov)
- BMSCs from adult mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia express lower levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor that drives adipocyte differentiation. (nih.gov)
- Here, we show that murine GATA-2 and GATA-3 are specifically expressed in white adipocyte precursors and that their down-regulation sets the stage for terminal differentiation. (nih.gov)
- Constitutive GATA-2 and GATA-3 expression suppressed adipocyte differentiation and trapped cells at the preadipocyte stage. (nih.gov)
- Thus, GATA-2 and GATA-3 regulate adipocyte differentiation through molecular control of the preadipocyte-adipocyte transition. (nih.gov)
- Thus, the main role of bone marrow-derived cells in ectopic osteogenesis may not be to induce bone regeneration by differentiation into osteoblasts, but rather to contribute to microenvironment formation for bone formation by differentiating tissue stem cells into osteoblasts. (medsci.org)
- This hypothesis was formulated based on our preliminary findings in human (pre)adipocyte cultures demonstrating that trans-10, cis-12, but not cis-9, trans-11, CLA decreased TG content, de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid esterification, and perilipin protein without affecting differentiation per se. (nih.gov)
- When 3T3-L1 cells in which smad3 had been knocked down using an shRNA were treated using a white adipocyte differentiation medium, they expressed elevated mRNA and protein expression of BAT-specific markers. (genengnews.com)
- Such compartmentalization necessitates the precision and effective use of stem cells and differentiation factors, and differentiating stem cells into multiple lineages is crucial in order to recapitulate the native tissue anatomy. (hhs.gov)
- The differentiation of a preadipocyte into a mature adipocyte is a highly regulated process that requires a scripted program of transcriptional events leading to changes in gene expression. (aspetjournals.org)
- Exposure of 3T3-L1 cells to INT-747 (6-ethyl cheno-deoxycholic acid), a potent and selective FXR ligand, increases preadipocyte differentiation induced by a differentiating mixture containing insulin. (aspetjournals.org)
- Augmentation of differentiating mixture-induced differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by INT-747 associated with induction of aP2, C/EBPα, and PPARγ2 mRNAs along with other adipocyte-related genes. (aspetjournals.org)
- Therefore, we hypothesized that multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from MC3RhDM/hDM mice are predisposed towards adipocyte differentiation and away from osteoblast differentiation. (nih.gov)
- Biological functional annotations of the transcriptomes suggested that the novel preosteoblasts subtype may inhibit osteoblasts differentiation, maintain cells to a less differentiated status and recruit osteoclasts. (ijstemcell.com)
Chondrocytes6
- Appropriate induction medium was used to differentiate these cells into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. (molvis.org)
- Early passaged cells when induced were able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes. (molvis.org)
- Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into one of the three cell types: osteoblasts, chondrocytes, or adipocytes. (frontiersin.org)
- MSCs have the ability to differentiate into adipocytes and chondrocytes forming fat tissue and cartilage as well as into bone cells - called osteocytes. (nature.com)
- In vitro , recent studies have shown the existence of stem cells obtained by long-term culture of adherent cells from bone marrow cells 5 - 7 , and these cells differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes 8 , 9 . (medsci.org)
- We have used in vitro manipulation of these stem cells to successfully differentiate these cells into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. (columbiasurgery.org)
Ability to differentiate3
- Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. (wikipedia.org)
- Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from these mice were impaired in their ability to differentiate into white adipocytes, and both MEFs and WAT showed reduced expression of white adipocyte-specific genes. (genengnews.com)
- VOLUFORM restores the ability to differentiate adipocytes and restores the skin's youthful appearance. (lyrashop.eu)
Osteoblasts3
- These results indicate that bone marrow-derived cells might not differentiate into osteoblasts. (medsci.org)
- Bone-derived MSCs were differentiated into either adipocytes or osteoblasts, and the accumulation of triglycerides for adipocytes and calcium for osteoblasts were measured by Oil Red O and Alizarin Red S staining. (nih.gov)
- In contrast, MC3RhDM/hDM MSCs have ~50% less capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts than MC3RhWT/hWT MSCs, and mRNA of osteoblast markers were correspondingly reduced. (nih.gov)
Preadipocytes4
- Low-serum cell culture medium for mature adiopcytes differentiated from human preadipocytes. (promocell.com)
- To accomplish this objective, the following specific aims will be examined in human cultures of differentiating preadipocytes and newly differentiated adipocytes: Aim #1. (nih.gov)
- Our results show that FXR is expressed in the white adipose tissue of adult mice and in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells but not in undifferentiated preadipocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
- We observed that preadipocytes adhered, proliferated on the surfaces, and were induced to differentiate. (elsevierpure.com)
Adipose9
- Presenters addressed the role of adipocytes and adipose tissue metabolism in the heterogeneity of obesity, metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy obesity (MUO) and their relationship to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, genetic subclassification of obesity and its role in precision health, and use of machine learning to inform intervention targets that address the heterogeneity of obesity in children from diverse households. (nih.gov)
- Philipp E. Scherer, Ph.D., University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center's Touchstone Diabetes Center, highlighted the heterogeneity of adipocytes and adipose tissue. (nih.gov)
- Further, dysfunctional adipocytes and adipose tissue are the target for several parasites and viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. (nih.gov)
- Finally, potentiation of insulin signaling was also observed in isolated adipose tissue ex vivo and differentiated 3T3 L1 adipocytes in vitro, but not in rat primary hepatocytes in vitro. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The functional importance of different adipose depots in energy metabolism and nutritional homeostasis mainly depends on the composition of the various types of adipocytes, classified as white, beige or brown ( Table 1 ). (degruyter.com)
- Studies that lead to understanding of the mechanism(s) by which adipocytes, and parenchymal cells that exhibit storage of fat, increase in tissues of the musculoskeletal system as a result of aging, and also determine the properties and effects of adipose and adipose-like cells in these tissues are specifically requested. (nih.gov)
- It is suggested that the term is restricted to proteins secreted from adipocytes, excluding signals released only by the other cell types (such as macrophages) in adipose tissue. (cambridge.org)
- The researchers confirmed these findings in cultured 3T3-L1 cells, an MEF adipose like cell line that can be triggered to differentiate into adipocyte-like cells. (genengnews.com)
- Particularly, we will observe if ADSCs differentiate into adipocytes and also understand the impact of the presence of adipose layer on dermis regeneration. (hhs.gov)
Mesenchymal2
- Recent advances in adipogenesis had provided insights into understanding of the complex cues for influencing the cytoarchitecture, epigenomic remodeling, signaling pathways and transcription regulators on gene actions for both white and brown adipogenic progression from mesenchymal stem cells to matured committed adipocytes. (scirp.org)
- Mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into adipocytes from double-mutant mice appear to retain fatty acids as triglycerides more readily than the cells from wild type MC3R mice. (nih.gov)
Embryonic2
- In contrast, pluripotent cells can only differentiate into embryonic cells. (wikipedia.org)
- GATA-3-deficient embryonic stem cells exhibit an enhanced capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, and defective GATA-2 and GATA-3 expression is associated with obesity. (nih.gov)
Cells differentiate2
- As needed, the stem cells differentiate to become a particular kind of cell-a white blood cell, red blood cell, or platelet. (medscape.com)
- Leukemia Basophilic A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the immature cells differentiate towards basophils. (nih.gov)
Obese3
- Similarly, obese adipocytes, high-cholesterol and diabetic situations disturb bone cell functions and bone health. (frontiersin.org)
- UCP1 expressing adipocytes are lower in obese and older subjects. (anabolicminds.com)
- Dysregulated microRNAs in obese WAT and adipocytes were examined, and zerumbone treatment was found to effectively reverse the robust upregulation of microRNA-146b. (oncotarget.com)
Metabolic7
- and c ) whether preestablished insulin resistance alters the metabolic responses of adipocytes exposed to PCB126 and the communication between adipocytes and myotubes. (nih.gov)
- Their findings, which appear in the December issue of the journal Metabolism , indicated that cinnamaldehyde improves metabolic health by acting directly on fat cells, or adipocytes, inducing them to start burning energy through a process called thermogenesis. (neurosciencenews.com)
- By engineering human stem cells to carry specific mutations, and by differentiating these engineered stem cells into physiologically relevant human metabolic cell types, we will make it possible to study the impact of large numbers of gene variants on human cell biology and function. (nih.gov)
- Metabolic flux analysis of mitochondrial uncoupling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (tufts.edu)
- Metabolic flux analysis was used to characterize the effects of non-lethal, long-term mitochondrial uncoupling (up to 18 days) on the pathways of intermediary metabolism in differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (tufts.edu)
- Si Y, Shi H, Lee K (2009) Metabolic Flux Analysis of Mitochondrial Uncoupling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. (tufts.edu)
- Here, we demonstrate that when expressed on a hyperphagic ob/ob background, the P465L PPARγ mutant grossly exacerbates the insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances associated with leptin deficiency, yet reduces whole-body adiposity and adipocyte size. (diabetesjournals.org)
Lipid metabolism3
- The objective of this application is to identify isomerspecific mechanisms by which conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), unsaturated fatty acids found in beef and dairy foods that reduce adiposity in certain animals and humans, alters lipid metabolism in cultures of human (pre)adipocytes. (nih.gov)
- Using primary cultures of human adipocytes as our model is important, because there are clear differences between the lipid metabolism of human and animal adipocytes. (nih.gov)
- Conclusions/Significance: The results of this study support our hypothesis regarding uncoupling-induced redirection of carbon flux into glycolysis and lactate production, and suggest mitochondrial proton translocation as a potential target for controlling adipocyte lipid metabolism. (tufts.edu)
Metabolism2
- Altered energy metabolism in IR 3T3-L1 adipocytes was linked to lower phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and higher superoxide dismutase 2 levels, an enzyme involved in reactive oxygen species detoxification. (nih.gov)
- In this review we will summarize the function of brown and beige adipocytes, their putative developmental origin and their role in energy metabolism. (degruyter.com)
Stem2
- In vivo , bone marrow-derived stem cells have been reported to differentiate into various cells such as tracheal epithelium, intestinal mucosal epithelium, brain neurons, and salivary glands in normal tissues 1 , 2 . (medsci.org)
- T lymphocytes originate via lymphoid stem cells that migrate to the thymus and differentiate under the influence of the thymic hormones thymopoietin and thymosin. (medscape.com)
Insulin2
- in two insulin sensitivity conditions [insulin sensitive (IS) and insulin resistant (IR) adipocytes], followed by the measurement of secreted adipokines, mitochondrial function, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. (nih.gov)
- Researchers have proposed that polymorphisms in the TFAP2B gene alter cells' responsiveness to insulin, particularly fat-storing cells (adipocytes). (medlineplus.gov)
MRNAs1
- MC3RhDM/hDM MSCs had ~40% increased capacity to differentiate into triglyceride-storing adipocytes than MC3RhWT/hWT MSCs, and mRNAs of adipocyte markers were correspondingly increased. (nih.gov)
Lipogenesis1
- 12. Inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 reduces lipogenesis in primary bovine adipocytes. (nih.gov)
Adipogenesis1
- Adipofill acts globally on adipocytes: it activates adipogenesis (converts pre-adipocytes into adipocytes). (lyrashop.eu)
Phosphorylation2
- The phosphorylation level of AMPK-Ser485/Thr172 in mature adipocytes was decreased by diphereline. (medsci.org)
- A reduction in the ATP level suggested diminished oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in the uncoupled adipocytes. (tufts.edu)
Obesity2
- The cell biology of adipocytes has led to a number of promising concepts in the last century, especially in the areas of obesity and associated diseases, lipid homeostasis and endocrine functions. (scirp.org)
- Here, we explored whether the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) was expressed in adipocytes and how GnRHR mediated lipid accumulation and the development of obesity. (medsci.org)
Accumulation1
- The rationale for the proposed research is that once we understand how trans-10, cis-12 CLA prevents TG accumulation in (pre)adipocytes, effective strategies can be developed using CLA as an antiobesity nutrient in fortified foods or supplements for clinical trials. (nih.gov)
Pathways2
- Brown adipocytes have also been found interspersed with WAT in response to cold exposure or on stimulating the β-adrenergic pathways. (genengnews.com)
- This effect was reversed by guggulsterone, an FXR antagonist, and partially reverted by GW9662 (2-chloro-5-nitro- N -phenylbenzamide), a selective PPARγ antagonist, indicating that FXR modulates adipocyte-related genes by PPARγ-dependent and -independent pathways. (aspetjournals.org)
Mice2
- Although there was no difference in calorific intake between the wild-type mice and those lacking the Smad3 gene, the engineered animals displayed significantly reduced fat mass and smaller white adipocytes. (genengnews.com)
- Regulation of adipocyte-related genes by INT-747 was lost in FXR-/- mice, indicating that modulation of these genes by INT-747 requires an intact FXR. (aspetjournals.org)
TFAP2B1
- We identified that a 300-bp DNA fragment in intron 1 of TFAP2B had significant enhancer activity, and the variations of this region affected this enhancer activity in differentiated adipocytes. (nih.gov)
C2C122
- Communication between adipocytes and myotubes was reproduced by exposing C2C12 myotubes or mouse primary myotubes to conditioned medium (CM) derived from IS or IR 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to PCB126. (nih.gov)
- For example, the murine 3T3 fibroblast and C2C12 myoblast cell lines differentiate into adipocytes and myotubules, respectively, when they are confluent. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Inhibits1
- GnRHa stimulates the proliferation of HPA-s, promotes adipocyte maturation, increases the formation of lipid droplets in mature adipocytes, and inhibits the activation of the AMPK pathway in adipocytes. (medsci.org)
Protein2
- However, since most are neither 'cytokines' nor 'cytokine-like', it is recommended that the term 'adipokine' be universally adopted to describe a protein that is secreted from (and synthesised by) adipocytes. (cambridge.org)
- 2016. 18O-Tracer Metabolomics Reveals Protein Turnover and CDP-Choline Cycle Activity in Differentiating 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes. . (oregonstate.edu)
Tissue3
- Lipomas are common benign neoplasms originating from subcutaneous tissue adipocytes, with no tendency to metastasize. (thieme-connect.com)
- This differentiates between intermuscular and intramuscular lipomas, describing not only their anatomical location but also their biological behaviour: that is, expansive, benign growth between muscle bellies for the intermuscular type and with tissue infiltration within the muscle compartment for the intramuscular type. (thieme-connect.com)
- The mitochondria in this tissue also demonstrated morphological features such as densely packed cristae, which are characteristic of brown adipocyte mitochondria. (genengnews.com)
Fatty1
- The central hypothesis for the proposed research is that the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of CLA attenuates triglyceride (TG) content and alters lipid droplet morphology by enhancing energy expenditure, lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation, thereby down-regulating the expression of perilipin-A, a major regulator of adipocyte TG storage. (nih.gov)
White6
- adipocytes may be white, brown, or beige. (nih.gov)
- We are overcoming these limitations by developing hTERT-immortalized brown and white pre-adipocytes. (atcc.org)
- In 2013, Evolutionary Muse rocked the industry by releasing the first product designed to cause white adipocytes to convert into BRITE adipocytes. (anabolicminds.com)
- Aptly named BRITE, these adipocytes are named for being BROWN IN WHITE cells-white adipocytes which behave like brown adipocytes. (anabolicminds.com)
- Brown adipocytes are metabolically active cells which, unlike white adipocytes, use their fat stores to generate body heat. (anabolicminds.com)
- Interestingly, white adipocytes from the Smad3 knockout animals were also dark red rather than the pale color of white adipocytes from wild type animals. (genengnews.com)
Receptor3
- Li X, Zhang X, Shen Z, Chen Z, Wang H, Zhang X. GnRH receptor mediates lipid storage in female adipocytes via AMPK pathway. (medsci.org)
- The GnRH receptor was expressed in adipocytes. (medsci.org)
- As adipocytes mature, GnRH receptor expression gradually increased. (medsci.org)
Beige1
- They are also known as beige, inducible, recruitable-brown, and brown adipocyte-like cells, but we will refer to them as beige/brite moving forward. (anabolicminds.com)
Cartilage1
- This RFA invites grant applications for basic research on aging-related mechanisms of formation and function of adipocytes within tissues of the aging musculoskeletal system, as well as effects of those adipocytes on the function of aging bone, muscle and cartilage. (nih.gov)
Lipids1
- Adipocytes normally store energy in the form of lipids. (neurosciencenews.com)
Convert1
- That fat could then be used by the body in times of scarcity or in cold temperatures, which induce adipocytes to convert stored energy into heat. (neurosciencenews.com)
Colleagues2
- Brown adipocytes are densely packed with mitochondria and contain iron, which leads to their brown coloration, Dr. Rane and colleagues report. (genengnews.com)
- Wu and her colleagues tested human adipocytes from volunteers representing a range of ages, ethnicities and body mass indices. (neurosciencenews.com)
Glycolysis1
- Myotubes exposed to the CM from PCB126-treated IR adipocytes had lower glucose uptake, with no alteration in glycolysis or mitochondrial function. (nih.gov)
Capacity1
- They also displayed reduced capacity to accumulate lipid and differentiate into adipocytes. (nih.gov)
Humans1
- Long thought to be non-existent or very rare in humans, brown adipocytes were discovered to be quite active, though through evolution, environmental mastery (i.e., comfortable living via climate control), and more than adequate dietary satisfaction (leading to its own hormonal milieu), brown fat activation became almost dormant. (anabolicminds.com)
Transcription1
- A curated dataset of publicly available ChIP-sequencing of transcription factors, chromatin remodelers and histone modifications in the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line. (bioconductor.org)
Brown1
- They also demonstrated a morphology more akin to that of brown adipocytes. (genengnews.com)
Mature2
- Oil red-O staining was used to detect lipid droplets in mature adipocytes. (medsci.org)
- Diphereline can stimulate the increase in the number of lipid droplets in mature adipocytes. (medsci.org)
Significantly1
- However, PCB126 did not significantly alter these parameters in IS adipocytes. (nih.gov)
Cell line1
- A change in morphology can signal deterioration of the culture and often indicates that the cells are differentiating, are contaminated by microorganisms or with another cell line, or are undergoing crisis or senescence. (drugdiscoverynews.com)