AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation Science
Cell ProliferationCell DivisionCells, CulturedHybrid CellsCloning, OrganismNuclear Transfer TechniquesSignal TransductionCell DifferentiationCell Line, TumorApoptosisCell CycleNuclear ReprogrammingCell LineRNA, MessengerBromodeoxyuridineFibroblastsCell SurvivalImmunohistochemistryCell MovementMice, Inbred C57BLBlotting, WesternReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionGerm CellsGene Expression RegulationPhosphorylationStem CellsProliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenMolecular Sequence DataRNA, Small InterferingLymphocyte ActivationTumor Cells, CulturedInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsCell CountGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalTranscription FactorsTransfectionKi-67 AntigenGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticDNABase SequenceDown-RegulationFlow CytometryGene ExpressionMice, TransgenicMice, KnockoutEpithelial CellsCell Growth ProcessesTime FactorsRNA InterferenceDose-Response Relationship, DrugEmbryo, MammalianT-LymphocytesMice, NudeCell NucleusPhenotypeMutationDNA-Binding ProteinsCyclin D1ThymidineEmbryonic Stem CellsUp-RegulationCell Cycle ProteinsCell Transformation, NeoplasticMitosisOocytesCattleCell DedifferentiationPluripotent Stem CellsMice, Inbred BALB CProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mycOctamer Transcription Factor-3Nuclear ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktMilkMuscle, Smooth, VascularCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27Models, BiologicalMastitis, BovineEnzyme ActivationTranscription, GeneticTestisEmbryonic DevelopmentEnzyme InhibitorsGene Expression ProfilingProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesGene Knockdown TechniquesCell Culture TechniquesProto-Oncogene ProteinsAmino Acid SequenceHyperplasiaCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21G1 PhaseRats, Sprague-DawleyGrowth InhibitorsChromosomes, Human, 6-12 and XExtracellular Signal-Regulated MAP KinasesMyocytes, Smooth MuscleAntineoplastic AgentsMitogensClone Cells
DifferentiationMutationsAbility to differentiateProgenitorTissuesVitroSelf-renewalLineagesBone marrowApoptosisIPSCsPathwaysTumor cellsFibroblastsPrecursorsNeuronsPluripotent stemUnlimited proliferation potentialTerminally differentiatedProliferateMesenchymalCellularFatesGene ExpressionTypes of stem cellsHeterogeneousHematopoietic stemCancersMalignancyMarkersAdult cellsNeuronalHepatocyte like-cellsBiologyTumorsGenesVivoRegenerativeSurvivalSOX2Epithelial cellsTissueProcessesGermlineTransplantationNeuralStem cell populationsGeneticReprogrammingReplicativeTherapeuticInvolvesGlial cellsStromalGerm layersLineageHuman induced pluri
Differentiation66
  • R&D Systems offers a wide range of products to support pluripotent stem cell culture and differentiation. (rndsystems.com)
  • In addition, R&D Systems offers a variety of products to assess differentiation status and identify specific stem cell types of interest, including panels of marker antibodies, primer pairs, multi-color flow cytometry kits, and specialized verification kits. (rndsystems.com)
  • Leo W. Buss (1987) in a pioneering monograph has explored the transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms in great detail, and has exemplified how the competition among cells for differential propagation by fission created obstacles to the emergence of multicellular organisms with cellular differentiation (i.e., division of labor). (ac.be)
  • With differentiation comes the distinction between germ cells and somatic cells. (ac.be)
  • After differentiation, memory B cells relocate to the periphery of the body where they will be more likely to encounter antigen in the event of a future exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • The process of differentiation into memory B cells within the germinal center is not yet fully understood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some researchers hypothesize that differentiation into memory B cells occurs randomly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other hypotheses propose that the transcription factor NF-κB and the cytokine IL-24 are involved in the process of differentiation into memory B cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Accordingly, CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells with capacity for self-renewal, differentiation and tumor initiation. (nih.gov)
  • How are stem cell proliferation and differentiation regulated systemically? (wisc.edu)
  • We are also interested in understanding the mechanisms by which germ cells are specified, and how physiological/environmental signals regulate their proper differentiation. (wisc.edu)
  • Cell proliferation ceased, and differentiation into electrophysiologically active neurons and other CNS cell types in vivo ensued upon transplantation into rats, both during development and after adult injury--with functional improvement and without neoplasia, overgrowth, deformation, emergence of non-neural cell types, phenotypic or genomic instability, or need for immunosuppression. (nih.gov)
  • Deletion of HP1β, but not HP1α, in ESCs provokes a loss of the morphological and proliferative characteristics of embryonic pluripotent cells, reduces expression of pluripotency factors and causes aberrant differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, in differentiated cells, loss of HP1β has the opposite effect, perturbing maintenance of the differentiation state and facilitating reprogramming to an induced pluripotent state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrate an unexpected duality in the role of HP1β: it is essential in ESCs for maintaining pluripotency, while it is required for proper differentiation in differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This unique duality makes them an attractive system for potential regenerative medicine and cell therapies, but also for differentiation studies in vitro and for modeling diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ReNcell NSC Maintenance Medium (SCM005): ReNcell Neural Stem Cell (NSC) Maintenance Medium is a defined serum-free, growth factor-free medium that has been optimized for the growth and in vitro differentiation of ReNcell immortalized human neural progenitor cells. (thomassci.com)
  • Withdrawal of the growth factors from ReNcell NSC Maintenance Medium will result in the spontaneous differentiation of ReNcell immortalized neural progenitor cells. (thomassci.com)
  • Differentiation -The process whereby an unspecialized early embryonic cell acquires the features of a specialized cell such as a heart, liver, or muscle cell. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Directed differentiation -Manipulating stem cell culture conditions to induce differentiation into a particular cell type. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Embryonic stem cell line -Embryonic stem cells, which have been cultured under in vitro conditions that allow proliferation without differentiation for months to years. (cellmedicine.com)
  • whereas LREC in suprabasal epithelial layers are enriched for more committed progenitor cells, expressing some genes that are associated with stem cell attributes along with those indicative of cell differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • This dictates cycles of mammary growth, differentiation, lactation, and regression, during which mammary stem cells (MaSC) provide for the lineages of luminal and basal (myoepithelial) epithelial cells in the ducts and alveoli. (frontiersin.org)
  • Stem cells can divide into two cells identical to the original stem cell or into differentiated cell types, depending on their origin and differentiation potency. (bvsalud.org)
  • By definition, adult stem cells are capable of differentiation into at least two lineages and have the property of self-renewal. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
  • RUNX1 is also required for the differentiation of CD8+, Th17, and regulatory T cells. (biolegend.com)
  • These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
  • Pax6 serves as a regulator in the coordination and pattern formation required for differentiation and proliferation to successfully take place, ensuring that the processes of neurogenesis and oculogenesis are carried out successfully. (biolegend.com)
  • STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
  • During this time, neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the developing brain are undergoing proliferation, migration, and differentiation to form neurons and the normal cytoarchitecture of the brain. (rutgers.edu)
  • Therefore, to really understand ASD, we need to study developmental processes like proliferation, migration, and differentiation in human neural cells derived from individuals with idiopathic ASD. (rutgers.edu)
  • Protocols for hepatocyte differentiation from iPS cells have been studied. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It was hypothesized that the addition of glucose and galactose promoted hepatocyte differentiation of iPS cell. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells, formed in the blastocyst and, have not undergone any stage of differentiation yet. (the-dna-universe.com)
  • Image 4: Depiction of embryonic stem cell differentiation. (the-dna-universe.com)
  • Trophic factors modulate the local immune system, enhance angiogenesis, prevent cell apoptosis, and stimulate the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of resident tissue stem cells. (the-dna-universe.com)
  • We demonstrate here that R246S mutant p53 exhibits DN effects with respect to target gene expression, cell survival and cell cycle arrest both in cells that are in the undifferentiated state and upon differentiation. (silverchair.com)
  • Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Tian L, Shamirzaei-Jeshvaghani E, Dehghani L, Ramakrishna S. Structural properties of scaffolds: Crucial parameters towards stem cells differentiation. (wjgnet.com)
  • Scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering as a substrate that can mimic the native extracellular matrix and the properties of scaffolds have been shown to affect the cell behavior such as the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. (wjgnet.com)
  • Here we show that cell differentiation suppresses tumor formation. (amegroups.org)
  • Cells were transfected with the early B-cell factor-2 (EBF2) to activate progenitor cell differentiation and gauged the tumorigenic potentials of the derived cell subsets. (amegroups.org)
  • Here we show that the brown adipose differentiation gene, EBF2, activates differentiation-associated signals in the cancer progenitor cells in culture and CSC transplantation models. (amegroups.org)
  • This study reveals a previously unrecognized function of EBF2 in regulating PDAC progenitor cell differentiation and tumor suppression. (amegroups.org)
  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiation into oligodendrocyte progenitors and transplantation in a rat model of optic chiasm demyelination. (1library.org)
  • These cells are the original precursors of various cells in a tumor, whereas other intratumoral cells are limited in terms of their potential for proliferation and pluripotent differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, normal adult stem cells (ASCs) self-renew, proliferate infinitely, have a multidirectional differentiation potential, similar to that of tumor cells, and can transform more easily into tumor stem cells than non-stem cells [ 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The morphology, immunophenotype, in vitro differentiation potential, and DNA methylation patterns of iPSC-MSCs were similar to those of normal BMSCs, while the proliferation of iPSC-MSCs was higher and no tumorigenic ability was exhibited. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reprogramming can reverse the abnormal proliferation, differentiation, and DNA methylation patterns of ONFH-BMSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
  • In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
  • Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
  • During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
  • Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
  • Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
  • These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
  • However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
  • Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
  • therefore, definitive differentiation of Hürthle cell carcinoma from Hürthle-cell adenoma is based on vascular invasion and/or capsular invasion, as well as on permanent histologic sections or extrathyroidal tumor spread and lymph node and systemic metastases. (medscape.com)
  • Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
  • A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
  • Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
Mutations23
  • After acquiring these mutations, the receptors on the surface of the B cells (B cell receptors) are tested within the germinal center for their affinity to the current antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • B cell clones with mutations that have increased the affinity of their surface receptors receive survival signals via interactions with their cognate TFH cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • As suggested by stem classical cell biology, we assumed that the number of mutations in the CSC subpopulation should be lower and distinct compared to the differentiated tumor cells with higher proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • Our analysis revealed that the majority of somatic mutations are shared between CSCs and bulk primary tumor, with similar frequencies in the two. (nih.gov)
  • The data presented here exclude the possibility that CSCs are only a phenotypic consequence of certain somatic mutations, that is a distinct and non-reversible population of cells. (nih.gov)
  • Recent studies demonstrate that somatic mutations in the tumor tissues influence immunotherapeutic response in several cancers [ 6 , 7 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Somatic mutations can reduce or abolish the ability of immune cells to recognize neoantigens on the tumor cells [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Some studies have reported that somatic mutations can influence immunotherapeutic outcomes [ 6 , 7 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • TP53 mutations are also associated with the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment [ 10 - 12 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Recently, shared mutations between clonal B cells in MBL/CLL and CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) have been identified. (confex.com)
  • Similarly, a HPC origin of BRAF V600E mutations in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) has been uncovered, strengthening the notion that at least a fraction of somatic mutations may occur in CD34+ HPC before the malignant transformation of some B cell neoplasms. (confex.com)
  • Importantly, clonal mutations in WM B cells were undetectable in normal cells. (confex.com)
  • Thus, the few WM subclonal mutations observed in patients' lymphopoiesis could not result from contamination during FACSorting since in such cases, WM clonal mutations would become detectable in normal cells. (confex.com)
  • Directed gene transfer into specific cell lineages in vivo is an attractive approach for both modulating gene expression and correcting inherited mutations such as emphysema caused by human α1 antitrypsin (hAAT) deficiency. (jci.org)
  • The classification of each glioma is based on its cell origin and molecular characteristics, which includes acquired mutations [4]. (genesispub.org)
  • The complex PDAC pathobiology is established predominantly through KRAS mutations and the associated cellular signaling that contributes to cell proliferation and dedifferentiation ( 5 , 6 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Cells require three to six genetic mutations to become carcinogenic, and these accumulate over time [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Persistent stem cells in the oral epithelium of adults are the only cells that can accumulate sufficient mutations for OSCC to develop [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders unified by the presence of distinct mutations of hematopoietic stem cells, most frequently in genes involved in RNA splicing. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Risk increases with age due to the acquisition of somatic mutations that can promote clonal expansion and dominance of a particular hematopoietic stem cell, and possibly due to exposure to environmental toxins such as benzene, radiation, and chemotherapeutic agents (particularly long or intense regimens and those involving alkylating agents, hydroxyurea , and/or topoisomerase inhibitors). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Somatic mutations in facial skin from countries of contrasting skin cancer risk. (cdc.gov)
Ability to differentiate4
  • Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the unique ability to differentiate into every cell type and to self-renew. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon stimulation, all iPS showed ability to differentiate into the three primary germ layers via expression of lineage-specific markers for mesoderm ( MESP1 , OSR1 , HOPX ), endoderm ( GATA4 ) and ectoderm ( PAX6 , RAX ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The key to these cells' utility is their ability to differentiate into many different cell types depending on the stimulus received and they have been used in treatments for diseases such as cancer and neural degeneration, in rehabilitation of tetraplegic and paraplegic patients and even in dentistry 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (mesenchymal stromal cells) are another type of adult stem cells that have been featured prominently in clinical trials recently due to their ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types. (the-dna-universe.com)
Progenitor15
  • Precursor/progenitor cells from the organ of therapeutic concern typically lack only one critical attribute--the capacity for sustained self-renewal. (nih.gov)
  • ReNcell CX Human Neural Progenitor Cell Line & Culture Media Kit ReNcell CX Kit contains human neural progenitor cells, optimized maintenance media & freezing media for culture of human neural stem cells. (thomassci.com)
  • ReNcell CX Immortalized Cells (SCC007): ReNcell CX is an immortalized human neural progenitor cell line with the ability to readily differentiate into neurons and glial cells. (thomassci.com)
  • ReNcell NSC Freezing Medium (SCM007): ReNcell NSC Freezing Medium is qualified for use with ReNcell immortalized human neural progenitor cell lines, CX (CHEMICON Catalog No. SCC007) and VM (CHEMICON Catalog No. SCC008) cultured in serum-free conditions with ReNcell NSC Maintenance Medium (CHEMICON Catalog No. SCM005). (thomassci.com)
  • These approaches result in the loss of all histological information pertaining to the in vivo locale of MaSC and progenitor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Instead, we used laser microdissection to excise putative progenitor cells and control cells from their in situ locations in cryosections and characterized the molecular properties of these cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • MaSC/progenitor cells were identified based on their ability to retain bromodeoxyuridine for an extended period. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mediates ex vivo expansion of cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (Huang et al. (stemcell.com)
  • Activation of OCT4 enhances ex vivo expansion of human cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by regulating HOXB4 expression. (stemcell.com)
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and poorly differentiated progenitor cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exacerbate hierarchical tissue organization contributing to cell hyperproliferation and therapy resistance. (amegroups.org)
  • Mechanistically, EBF2 uniformly activates Pparγ-expression in pancreatic cancer cells and limits cell proliferation, whereas oncogenic drivers are expressed differentially in the progenitor cell subsets. (amegroups.org)
  • Efficient commitment to functional CD34+ progenitor cells from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem-cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. (1library.org)
  • Errors arising in stem and progenitor cells have a much greater influence on the tissue in which they are found than errors arising in postmitotic differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)
  • Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of an abnormally differentiated, long-lived myeloid progenitor cell results in high circulating numbers. (msdmanuals.com)
Tissues14
  • How are newly differentiated cells integrated into functional tissues and organs, during regenerative and homeostatic processes? (wisc.edu)
  • We identified 96 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 13 upregulated and 83 downregulated genes, in CCA tissues as regulatory T cells were significantly higher and the proportions of activated natural killer cells and monocytes were significantly lower in CCA tissues than the precancerous tissues. (aging-us.com)
  • CCA patients with a higher proportion of neutrophils and T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and lower proportion of CD8 + T cells in the tumor tissues are associated with poor prognosis [ 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • However, only limited types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells have been analyzed in CCA tissues and the mechanisms regulating the tumor infiltration of immune cells are poorly understood. (aging-us.com)
  • However, somatic tissues are mainly comprised of heterogeneous, differentiated cell lineages that can be short lived and difficult to specifically transfect. (jci.org)
  • Astrocyte -One of the large neuroglia cells of neural tissues. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Cell-based therapies -treatment in which stem cells are induced to differentiate into the specific cell type required to repair damaged or depleted adult cell populations or tissues. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Many studies have shown the utility of embryonic or adult stem cells for forming teeth and for regeneration of bone and soft tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Adult stem cells are classified as pluripotent and are undifferentiated cells that remain quiescent in tissues until stimulated, when they can create cell types that are compatible with the tissue in which they reside. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, they can form specialized cell types from other tissues if they are transplanted 6 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Stromal cells are a mixed population that can create bone, cartilage and fat and also fibrous and connective tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • iPSCs are stem cells reprogrammed from mature somatic tissues (like white blood cells) that have the capability of forming almost any cell in the body including neurons. (rutgers.edu)
  • This involved stem cells being infused into his heart to restore the function of the damaged tissues. (the-dna-universe.com)
  • If Extramacrochaetae par-ticipates in cell specification by dimerizing with basic-region-helix-loop-helix proteins, the variety of defects and tissues affected by the insufficiency of extramacrochaetae suggests that helix-loop-helix proteins are involved in many embryonic developmental processes. (biologists.com)
Vitro10
  • These cell types are capable of unlimited, undifferentiated proliferation in vitro and still maintain the capacity to differentiate into a wide variety of somatic cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • These cells can be isolated through the phenotypic markers CD44+/CD24-, expression of ALDH1 and an ability to form nonadherent, multicellular spheres in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • We speculated that this could be induced in a regulatable manner such that cells proliferate only in vitro and differentiate in vivo without the need for promoting pluripotence or specifying lineage identity. (nih.gov)
  • Cell culture -Growth of cells in vitro on an artificial medium for experimental research. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Previous molecular characterizations of mammary stem cells (MaSC) have utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorting or in vitro cultivation of cells from enzymatically dissociated tissue to enrich for MaSC. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the effect of BNT162b2 on the human liver cell line Huh7 in vitro. (freedomontario26.ca)
  • Proponents of stem cell research claim that the blastocyst is not human yet, and the embryos used for stem cell harvest are typically leftover from in vitro fertilization procedures with minimal chance that a human could ever develop from them. (nhsjs.com)
  • The controversy over embryonic stem cell research is caused by the fact that the procurement of these stem cells involves the destruction of the embryo produced during in vitro fertilization. (nhsjs.com)
  • The requirements for the successful culture of organoids in vitro differ significantly from those of traditional monolayer cell cultures. (mdpi.com)
  • The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
Self-renewal12
  • This strategy of inducing self-renewal might be applied to progenitors from other organs and may prove to be a safe, effective, efficient, and practical method for optimizing insights gained from the ability to reprogram cells. (nih.gov)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst-stage embryo, are capable of generating all cell types of the mammalian body (pluripotency) and of maintaining the capacity for indefinite self-renewal without compromising their genomic integrity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since hepatic stem cells (HepSCs) possess self-renewal and bipotency with the capacity to differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, they have therapeutic potential for treating liver disease. (figshare.com)
  • Long-term self-renewal -The ability of stem cells to renew themselves by dividing into the same non-specialized cell type over long periods (many months to years) depending on the specific type of stem cell. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Enriched expression of genes in LRECb was associated with stem cell attributes and identified WNT, TGF-β, and MAPK pathways of self renewal and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • A stem cell is an undifferentiated unit with powerful self-renewal properties that is capable of organizing other cell types in the body. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells that have precursor properties, are capable of forming many different cell types and have the property of unlimited self-renewal 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • These stem cells have self-renewal capabilities, and stem cells, like the mesenchymal stem cells, can differentiate into various lineages from the mesoderm. (genesispub.org)
  • Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
  • Further, Fgfr3 + endosteal stromal cells give rise to aggressive osteosarcoma-like lesions upon loss of p53 tumor suppressor through unregulated self-renewal and aberrant osteogenic fates. (nature.com)
  • Oct-4 (POU5F1) is a transcription factor that is critically involved in the self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells, and its expression is commonly used as a marker for pluripotency. (stemcell.com)
  • Nonetheless, the MSC-based therapy is challenging due to certain limitations, such as limited self-renewal capability of cells, availability of donor MSCs, and the costs involved in donor screening. (biomedcentral.com)
Lineages3
  • Although studies have identified unique transcription factors in the selection of normal pancreatic lineages, the cells of origin and molecular mechanisms arbitrating PDAC growth are poorly defined. (amegroups.org)
  • iPS cells showed many characteristics of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) such as expression of pluripotency markers, reactivation of telomerase and the ability to form teratomas, demonstrating a potential to redifferentiate into descendants of all three embryonic lineages. (biologists.com)
  • Individual clones were able to differentiate into cells expressing markers of all three germ layers as well as form teratomas with organ-like structures typical of all three embryonic lineages. (biologists.com)
Bone marrow10
  • We used FACSorting to isolate 57 cell subsets from bone marrow (BM) aspirates of 10 WM patients: CD34+ HPC, B cell precursors, residual normal B cells (if detectable), WM B cells, plasma cells (PCs) and T cells (germline control). (confex.com)
  • Bone marrow stromal cells -A stem cell found in bone marrow that generates bone, cartilage, fat, and fibrous connective tissue. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Stem cells can be found in bone marrow and blood. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bone marrow appears to contain three stem cell populations: hematopoietic stem cells, stromal stem cells and endothelial precursor cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells are cells isolated from blood and bone marrow that can differentiate into a variety of different specialized cells and suffer apoptosis 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The bone marrow contains various populations of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in the stromal compartment, which are important regulators of bone formation. (nature.com)
  • It is well-described that leptin receptor (LepR) + perivascular stromal cells provide a major source of bone-forming osteoblasts in adult and aged bone marrow. (nature.com)
  • These Fgfr3 + stem/stromal cells with OCT identities are abundant in the young bone marrow and depleted in the old bone marrow, denoting their transitional nature. (nature.com)
  • The term "transitional" emphasizes the unique feature of these cells that are particularly abundant in the young bone marrow. (nature.com)
  • In 1958 the French oncologist, Georges Mathé, performed the first stem cell transplantation of bone marrow grafts to save six nuclear researchers who were accidentally exposed to radiation. (the-dna-universe.com)
Apoptosis3
  • The B cells that do not have high enough affinity to receive these survival signals, as well as B cells that are potentially auto-reactive, will be selected against and die through apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
IPSCs6
  • As iPSCs retain the genetic signature of the individuals from whom they are derived, we can for the first time, study the development and function of neural cells of people with genetically complex neuropsychiatric disorders. (rutgers.edu)
  • They were able to induce a pluripotent state in differentiated cells by introducing four transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4 by retroviral infection, hence the name "induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (biologists.com)
  • As an alternative approach, MSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which may lead to further standardized-cell preparations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BMSCs of ONFH patients (ONFH-BMSCs) were reprogrammed to iPSCs, following which the iPSCs were differentiated into MSCs (iPSC-MSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were discovered in 2006 by Shinya Yakama and his student Kazutoshi Takahashi in Japan. (ysjournal.com)
  • By taking somatic stem cells and activating specific genes [3], induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were originated, making these theories of regenerative treatments mentioned before a current reality. (ysjournal.com)
Pathways7
  • A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, the goals of my studies were to assess neurite outgrowth, migration, and signaling pathways in neural precursor cells derived from 6 individuals with ASD. (rutgers.edu)
  • Glioblastoma stem cells play an important role in tumor formation by activation of several signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are two Wnt pathways which determine the cell fate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)
Tumor cells4
  • In addition, our results imply that CSCs must be a population of cells that can dynamically switch from differentiated tumor cells, and vice versa. (nih.gov)
  • According to the hypothesis, only a small group of stem cell-like tumor cells can form new tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New developments in medications have allowed treatment of the malignancies with targeted therapy that exploits one in the standard functioning of the tumor cell, in comparison to various other cells in the physical body, enabling only tumor cells to become wiped out with the medication thus. (giknet.org)
  • Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Fibroblasts8
  • Mouse embryonic fibroblasts may be used to maintain and expand pluripotent stem cells in an undifferentiated state. (rndsystems.com)
  • Direct conversion from fibroblasts to generate hepatocyte like-cells (iHeps) bypassing the pluripotent state has been described in previous reports as an attractive method acquiring hepatocytes for cell-based therapy. (figshare.com)
  • Cells usually consist of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Sex cord-stromal tumors are groups of tumors composed of granulosa cells, theca cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblasts of stromal origin, singly or in various combinations. (medscape.com)
  • Negligible immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human skin fibroblasts. (1library.org)
  • In 2007, a group let by Takahashi and Yamanaka from Kyoto University successfully generated pluripotent cells from human adult fibroblasts. (biologists.com)
  • What's more, the converted cells showed no signs of premature aging and appeared "rejuvenated" - iPS cells converted from nearly senescent donor cells regained their replicative potential and, when re-differentiated to fibroblasts, by all accounts resembled young proliferative cells. (biologists.com)
  • 2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
Precursors6
  • Define the cellular origin of WM by comparing the genetic landscape of WM cells to that of CD34+ HPC, B cell precursors and residual normal B cells. (confex.com)
  • In parallel, MYD88 p.L252P (orthologous position of the human L265P mutation) transgenic mice were crossed with conditional Sca1 Cre , Mb1 Cre , and Cγ1 Cre mice to selectively induce in vivo expression of MYD88 mutation in CD34+ HPC, B cell precursors and germinal center B cells, respectively. (confex.com)
  • Notably, we found MYD88 L265P in B cell precursors from 1/10 cases and in residual normal B cells from 4/10 patients, which were confirmed by ASO-PCR and ddPCR. (confex.com)
  • Indeed, these more sensitive methods detected MYD88 L265P in B cell precursors from 6/10 cases and in residual normal B cells from 6/10 patients. (confex.com)
  • CXCR4 was simultaneously mutated in B cell precursors and WM B cells from one patient. (confex.com)
  • They can be induced to differentiate into neuronal precursors and mature neurons, a promising development in the treatment of central nervous system disease. (the-dna-universe.com)
Neurons1
  • Yet, despite studies indicating the importance of early neurodevelopment in ASD pathogenesis, most iPSC studies have focused on post-mitotic differentiated neurons and have largely neglected study of early developmental processes in NPCs. (rutgers.edu)
Pluripotent stem5
  • Human embryonic stem cell -A type of pluripotent stem cell derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Yet, until the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology such studies were impossible. (rutgers.edu)
  • Evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of mitragynine and its analogues using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. (1library.org)
  • The idea of inducing a pluripotent stem cell similar to the ESCs was executed by Shinya Yakama and his student Kazutoshi Takahashi at Kyoto University, Japan, in 2006. (ysjournal.com)
  • E.g in cardiac therapies, the induced pluripotent stem cell line promotes cardiac tissue regeneration and when this one is applied to the organ, it leads to improvements in cardiac function [2]. (ysjournal.com)
Unlimited proliferation potential1
  • These cells are classified as totipotent and they can form any of the tissue types found in the adult body, in addition to having unlimited proliferation potential 6 . (bvsalud.org)
Terminally differentiated1
  • These data therefore indicate that the DN effects of mutant p53 are evident in the stem-cell context, in which its expression is relatively high compared with terminally differentiated cells. (silverchair.com)
Proliferate3
  • The T cells will then express the CD40 ligand (CD40L) molecule and will begin to secrete cytokines which cause the B cells to proliferate and to undergo class switch recombination, a mutation in the B cell's genetic coding that changes their immunoglobulin type. (wikipedia.org)
  • These stem cells in turn are able to proliferate and re-differentiate to give rise to any other cell type. (the-dna-universe.com)
  • Stem cells have attracted much interest in tissue engineering as a cell source due to their ability to proliferate in an undifferentiated state for prolonged time and capability of differentiating to different cell types after induction. (wjgnet.com)
Mesenchymal6
Cellular10
  • In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
  • Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
  • Embryoid bodies -Clumps of cellular structures that arise when embryonic stem cells are cultured. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Multiple research groups have developed artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplantation (AMT/T) methods that transfer healthy mitochondria into damaged cells and recover cellular function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the early 1960s, Ernest McCulloch and James Till (a cellular biologist and a biophysicist respectively at the University of Toronto) discovered haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and demonstrated their role in blood cell formation through a series of experiments in mice. (the-dna-universe.com)
  • Researchers began to wonder whether cellular aging was a barrier to iPS cell conversion. (biologists.com)
  • Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
  • In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • [ 2 ] Oncocytic cells in the thyroid are often called Hürthle cells, and oncocytic change is defined as cellular enlargement characterized by an abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm as a result of accumulation of altered mitochondria. (medscape.com)
  • When stem cells were first discovered in 1961 by the biophysicist James Till and the cellular biologist Ernest McCulloch, the scientific community became quickly enthusiastic about its coming possibilities: with the ability to self-renew and replace damaged tissue in the body, these new-known cells came to be the core of the upcoming field of medical treatment, the regenerative medicine. (ysjournal.com)
Fates3
  • How are these stem cells specified to adopt specific fates? (wisc.edu)
  • The absence of the germline lineage in such testes has dramatic cell non-autonomous consequences, as cells co-expressing markers of hub and somatic cyst cell fates accumulate and populate in extreme cases the whole testis . (bvsalud.org)
  • Pluripotent stem cells form part of the blastocyst, more specifically, the embryoblast, in which its cells are called embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and are considered pluripotent because they have various possible fates. (ysjournal.com)
Gene Expression6
Types of stem cells5
Heterogeneous1
  • Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
Hematopoietic stem2
  • RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Although hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are the best characterized and the most clinically used adult stem cells, efforts are still needed to understand how to best ex vivo expand these cells. (stemcell.com)
Cancers2
  • The death of Karl Thiersch , a German surgeon who correctly proposed that cancers grow through the spread of malignant cells, prompted other scientists to pick up his mantle and confirm the validity of his research. (popsci.com)
  • Aging skin contains somatic mutant clones from which such cancers develop. (cdc.gov)
Malignancy3
  • Wnt deregulation in brain is associated with congenital disorders [ 7 ], whereas it promotes malignancy in somatic cells of neuronal origin [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Carcinoid , or well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, of the ovary is uncommon but may occur as a monodermal teratoma or a somatic-type malignancy arising from a teratoma or dermoid cyst. (cap.org)
  • Overall, only about 33% of Hürthle cell tumors demonstrate signs of that invasive growth that indicates malignancy and the possibility of metastasis. (medscape.com)
Markers9
  • We address these and related questions using the planarian, Schmidtea mediterranea, as a model, combining high-throughput in situ hybridization screens to identify cell type-specific markers, with transcriptomic analyses and functional studies using double-stranded RNA-mediated genetic interference (RNAi) planarian testes lobes. (wisc.edu)
  • iHepSCs-derived cholangiocyte-like cells (iHepSC-CLCs) expressed cholangiocyte-specific markers and formed cysts and tubule-like structures with apical-basal polarity and secretory function in three-dimensional culture condition. (figshare.com)
  • To gain pluripotency, the reprogramming process typically involves transfecting adult somatic cells with certain pluripotency markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results support the use of DNA label retention to identify MaSC and also provide a molecular profile and novel candidate markers for these cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Insights into the biology of stem cells will be gained by confirmation and characterization of candidate MaSC markers identified in this study. (frontiersin.org)
  • Senescence was confirmed by FACS analysis showing cell cycle arrest, increase in molecular markers characteristic of senescence, and formation of SAHF. (biologists.com)
  • Can precancerous stem cells be risk markers for malignant transformation in the oral mucosa? (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mice, MDSC can be identified by species-specific cell surface markers (CD11b + Gr-1 + ) and may be further classified as monocytic (M-MDSC, Ly-6C hi ) or granulocytic (G-MDSC, Ly-6G + ) based on additional cell surface markers [ 6 ]. (iospress.com)
  • Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
Adult cells1
  • Somatic ones are adult cells, bi or unipotent since they only have one or two viable outcomes and are more specialized than the other types of cells. (ysjournal.com)
Neuronal1
Hepatocyte like-cells1
  • Hepatocyte-like cells derived from iHepSCs (iHepSC-HEPs) exhibit the typical morphology of hepatocytes and hepatic functions, including glycogen storage, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, Indocyanine green (ICG) detoxification, drug metabolism, urea production, and albumin secretion. (figshare.com)
Biology5
  • RESEARCH INTERESTS - Research in the Newmark laboratory utilizes the tools of molecular cell biology and functional genomics to address several major biological problems for which planarians serve as excellent models. (wisc.edu)
  • Recent developments in cancer biology have identified the existence of a sub-poplulation of cells - cancer stem cells (CSC) that are resistant to most traditional therapies (e.g. chemotherapy and radiotherapy) and have the ability to repair their damaged DNA. (docksci.com)
  • Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Department of Developmental Biology and Cell Networks - Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg, Germany. (bvsalud.org)
  • My lab also studies the role of TERT in lung stem cell biology and repair of acute lung injury, which is a culprit gene mutation in IPF. (stanford.edu)
  • Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
Tumors8
  • The cancer stem cell model implies a hierarchical organization within breast tumors maintained by cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). (nih.gov)
  • A worldwide database analysis revealed that younger age, smaller tumor size, early stage, and granulosa cell tumor histologic type appear to be independent prognostic factors for improved survival in patients with malignant sex cord-stromal tumors who undergo lymph node dissection. (medscape.com)
  • We isolated CSCs from low passage PDAC cell lines derived from human tumors and commercially available cell lines. (amegroups.org)
  • Microscopically, the tumors are composed of solid to cystic nests of epithelial cells embedded in a fibrous stroma. (cap.org)
  • Although Hürthle cell carcinoma was previously considered a variant of follicular cell neoplasms, which are generally less aggressive, the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of endocrine tumors reclassified it as a distinct entity. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] The 2022 WHO classification of endocrine tumors has replaced the term Hürthle cell carcinoma with oncocytic carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • On balance, Hürthle cell tumors may be considered to be more likely to metastasize than follicular tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Permissive histologic interpretation may result in the designation of some non-neoplastic Hürthle cell lesions as malignant tumors. (medscape.com)
Genes8
  • It helps in achieving differentiated multicellularity that all of the cells are identical twins in terms of chromosomal genes (implying a shared control ). (ac.be)
  • The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
  • Somatic cells can be converted into stem cells through the introduction of specific genes (e.g. (the-dna-universe.com)
  • Although the mechanism of how these factors induced pluripotency in somatic cells is not completely understood, it is clear that the endogenous pluripotency genes OCT4 , SOX2 and NANOG were activated and, in turn, re-activated the autoregulatory loop that could maintain the pluripotent state independent of the transgenes. (biologists.com)
  • In a recent paper published the November issue of Genes in Development, entitled "Rejuvenating senescent and centenarian human cells by reprogramming through the pluripotent state," Lapasset and colleagues from the Institute of Functional Genomics in France report that they have overcome this barrier and generated iPS cells from human donors as old as 101 years. (biologists.com)
  • to find regulatory genes of the achaete-scute complex (AS-C). The AS-C comprises four proneural genes that confer to cells the ability to become neuroblasts or sensory organ mother cells ( Campuzano and Modolell, 1992 , review). (biologists.com)
  • It was found out that, with the expression of only four genes, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4, somatic stem cells could be reprogrammed into the pluripotent-like state. (ysjournal.com)
  • explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)
Vivo4
  • Our results challenge the dogma that AMs are short lived and suggest that these differentiated cells may be a possible target cell population for in vivo gene therapy applications, including the sustained correction of hAAT deficiency. (jci.org)
  • CCD camera imaging demonstrated in vivo expression of the luciferase reporter gene, while flow cytometry of cells obtained by BAL from this mouse demonstrated expression of GFP in 33% of cells. (jci.org)
  • The discovery of this new class of SSCs is based on the conjunction of evidence from unbiased single-cell molecular profiling and functional dissection of the BMSC lineage hierarchy using in vivo cell lineage analysis. (nature.com)
  • In a model based on carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury, these cells were consistently highly tumorigenic in vivo, similar to p53 -/- cells and in contrast to both p53 +/+ and p53 +/- ES cells. (silverchair.com)
Regenerative3
  • this amazing regenerative ability is based upon a population of somatic stem cells maintained in the adult. (wisc.edu)
  • This astonishing regenerative ability of stem cells and their potential therapeutic applications have intrigued scientists for years, and we are now starting to see the results of the scientists' hard work in the form of successful treatments for illnesses that were previously difficult to treat. (the-dna-universe.com)
  • There are other, less controversial alternatives to embryonic stem cells, such as adult, fetal, cord blood, and induced pluripotent stem cells, but they have other biological restrictions that make them less promising for use in regenerative medicine at this time. (nhsjs.com)
Survival7
  • Liu Q , Lan T , Song Y , Cai J , Yu X , Chen W , . Oncostatin M expression and TP53 mutation status regulate tumor-infiltration of immune cells and survival outcomes in cholangiocarcinoma. (aging-us.com)
  • In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to analyze transcriptome data from cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients in multiple datasets (Sun Yat-sen University, TCGA and GSE32225 cohorts) to identify mechanisms that regulate tumor infiltration by immune cells and survival outcomes. (aging-us.com)
  • The survival outcomes of CCA patients were associated with the TP53 gene mutation status, levels of Oncostatin M (OSM) expression, and the proportions of tumor-infiltrating immune cell types, including dendritic cells, monocytes, and T follicular helper cells. (aging-us.com)
  • Our study demonstrates that OSM expression and TP53 mutation status regulate the tumor infiltration by immune cells and survival outcomes in CCA. (aging-us.com)
  • It was suggested that lactate promoted the survival of iPS cells cultured in a medium without glucose and supplemented with galactose. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Glucose is essential for cell survival and is metabolized to pyruvate ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Intercellular mitochondrial transfer can be regarded as an extension of intracellular mitochondrial movement or intercellular communication, which undoubtedly increases the mtDNA content of the recipient cells and restores the respiration and survival of the recipient cells. (biomedcentral.com)
SOX22
Epithelial cells4
  • We isolated four categories of cells from mammary epithelium of female calves: bromodeoxyuridine label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) from basal (LRECb) and embedded layers (LRECe), and epithelial control cells from basal and embedded layers. (frontiersin.org)
  • During rapid mammary growth in the mouse, label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) appear to retain label by asymmetric distribution of DNA strands, as evidenced by a rapid proliferation index of the LREC ( Smith, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Histologic sections show small nests of cytologically bland epithelial cells with abundant clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm distributed within a fibromatous stroma. (cap.org)
  • The epithelial cells have a urothelial cell-like appearance, with abundant clear to pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and small nucleoli. (cap.org)
Tissue9
  • Chemo-radio therapeutic outcomes are poor in CCA patients because the tumor is highly desmoplastic with fibrogenic connective tissue and immune cells such as T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages that infiltrate the tumor epithelium [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Adult stem cell -An undifferentiated cell found in a differentiated tissue that can renew itself and (with certain limitations) differentiate to yield all the specialized cell types of the tissue from which it originated. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Wnt signaling pathway is mediated by Wnt family of 19 secreted glycoproteins (bearing22 or 24 cysteine residues) which are essential for cell proliferation, embryonic development, cell polarity, and tissue homeostasis [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Canonical Wnt signaling pathway is essential for embryonic development [ 10 ] and non-canonical Wnt pathway regulates cell movement and tissue polarity [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We focus our attention on lung stem cells and the molecular signals that regulate their activity to repair and regenerate lung tissue after injury. (stanford.edu)
  • Our experimental approaches involve mouse genetics, single cell genomics, organoid culture, lung slice culture, and we perform histological analysis of lung tissue using advanced fluorescence microscopy technologies. (stanford.edu)
  • An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and function of native tissue. (mdpi.com)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
  • Speaking on disease treatments, these cells could be used to treat several types of diseases, such as diabetes and Parkinson's disease [4], since with them any type of tissue needed could be formed and used to replace a damaged one. (ysjournal.com)
Processes2
  • These processes increase variability at the antigen binding sites such that every newly generated B cell has a unique receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The defects suggest faulty specification of different cell types and result in impairment of processes as diverse as cell proliferation and commitment, cell adhesion and cell recognition. (biologists.com)
Germline3
  • Extensive communication at the stem cell -niche interface and asymmetric stem cell division is key for the homeostasis of the Drosophila male germline stem cell system. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bub3 is continuously required in the germline, as its loss results in the beginning in an over-proliferation of early germ cells and later on in loss of the germline. (bvsalud.org)
  • In most flowering plants, a hypodermal cell at the tip of the nucellus differentiates to an archesporial cell then later forms megaspore mother cell (MMC) that accomplishes the transition from a somatic cell fate to a germline fate. (uwm.edu)
Transplantation3
  • Hepatocytes derived from iPS cells are suitable for transplantation into patients with liver insufficiency and for use in toxicity tests ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • He participates in research involving gene correction of CFTR in lung stem cells from patients with Cystic fibrosis followed by autologous stem cell transplantation to provide lifelong restoration of physiological activity. (stanford.edu)
  • In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
Neural2
  • When used in conjunction with FGF and EGF, the maintenance medium will allow for the proliferation of ReNcell immortalized VM and CX neural stem cells. (thomassci.com)
  • Scientists debate whether GBs arise from a subculture of neural stem cells or from the transformation of differentiated astrocytes [6]. (genesispub.org)
Stem cell populations1
  • Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
Genetic7
  • Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
  • Once inside the germinal center, the B cells undergo proliferation, followed by mutation of the genetic coding region of their BCR, a process known as somatic hypermutation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast to the commonly studied genetic model invertebrates, in which localized determinants specify germ cells in the early embryo, planarians use inductive signals to form their germ cells from the somatic stem cells much later in development. (wisc.edu)
  • The transformation from a normal to a cancer cell is driven by the multistep acquisition of genetic alterations. (confex.com)
  • Genetic background drives transcriptional variation in human induced pluripotent stem cells. (1library.org)
  • Lung stem cells can also be exploited to treat monogenic diseases, by using CRISPR to correct the genetic mutation then transplanting them back into the patient. (stanford.edu)
  • In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Reprogramming3
  • In the field of induced potency and fate reprogramming, it remains unclear what the best starting cell might be and to what extent a cell need be transported back to a more primitive state for translational purposes. (nih.gov)
  • Reprogramming a committed cell back to pluripotence to then instruct it toward a particular specialized cell type is demanding and may increase risks of neoplasia and undesired cell types. (nih.gov)
  • However, follow-up studies suggested that the reprogramming of iPS cells was incomplete. (biologists.com)
Replicative2
Therapeutic5
  • One of the possible reasons for the failure of the present therapeutic regimens is the existence of a relatively rare cell population known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to or not targeted by present therapeutic modalities. (docksci.com)
  • While research has shown that each stem cell poses its own risk to the disease, their therapeutic effects have also shown encouraging and promising results. (genesispub.org)
  • This review outlines the research, progress, and potential therapeutic effects different stem cells have on Glioblastoma. (genesispub.org)
  • This study aimed to review the current progress researchers have made regarding stem cell therapeutic effects for Glioblastoma, how it is applied, and to discover the potential future progress and treatments these stem cells can create. (genesispub.org)
  • The present invention also provides methods of using the differentiated cells of the present invention for therapeutic purposes. (justia.com)
Involves1
  • Human embryonic stem cell research is ethically and politically controversial because since it involves the destruction of human embryos that have the potential to become human beings, it is the topic of several debates addressing morals and beliefs. (ysjournal.com)
Glial cells1
  • Gliomas often originate from three types of glial cells: oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and astrocytes - however, astrocytic gliomas hold 70% of all glioma origins [4]. (genesispub.org)
Stromal3
  • These Fgfr3-creER -marked endosteal stromal cells contribute to a stem cell fraction in young stages, which is later replaced by Lepr-cre -marked stromal cells in adult stages. (nature.com)
  • Overall, our findings indicate that Fgfr3 + endosteal stem/stromal cells with OCT identities dictate active and aggressive osteogenesis, identifying these cells as an important regulator of long-term bone homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • They are composed of irregular nests of malignant cells with stromal invasion, often associated with a desmoplastic reaction. (cap.org)
Germ layers1
  • The main property that sets ESC apart from other cells is their pluripotent nature, meaning they can give rise/differentiate to cells of the three primary germ layers (mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm) [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lineage4
  • Under these conditions, iPS cells begin to differentiate into a hepatocyte lineage. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)
  • This requirement strongly limits the number of solutions or entiation and lineage-specification, programmed cell death, and ``states'' for the system. (lu.se)
  • Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
Human induced pluri2