AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Plasmodium falciparumMalaria, FalciparumProtozoan ProteinsPlasmodiumPlasmodium vivaxAntimalarialsAntigens, ProtozoanChloroquinePlasmodium bergheiMalariaErythrocytesDrug ResistanceAntibodies, ProtozoanDNA, ProtozoanParasitic Sensitivity TestsArtemisininsMalaria VaccinesGenes, ProtozoanPyrimethamineParasitemiaPlasmodium yoeliiPlasmodium malariaeSulfadoxineMalaria, VivaxQuinineSchizontsDrug CombinationsGabonMerozoite Surface Protein 1AnophelesGenome, ProtozoanAmodiaquineMefloquinePapua New GuineaMerozoitesPlasmodium knowlesiDihydropteroate SynthaseSenegalSesquiterpenesPlasmodium ovaleProguanilPregnancy Complications, ParasiticPlasmodium chabaudiSporozoitesMalaria, CerebralLife Cycle StagesHost-Parasite InteractionsTetrahydrofolate DehydrogenaseTrophozoitesFluorenesParasitologyEndemic DiseasesAtovaquoneInhibitory Concentration 50Molecular Sequence DataKenyaThailandMyanmarCameroonEthanolaminesAotus trivirgatusParasitesPrimaquineRNA, ProtozoanPolymerase Chain ReactionAmino Acid SequenceTravelMicroscopyAotidaeParasite LoadMaliGhanaInsect VectorsIndonesiaCulicidaeAnopheles gambiaeMembrane Transport ProteinsAfricaCambodiaTanzaniaPlasmodium cynomolgiBloodGambiaBurkina FasoPlasmodium gallinaceumOocystsImmunoglobulin GAntigenic VariationErythrocyte MembraneFolic Acid AntagonistsApicomplexaGenotypeMultidrug Resistance-Associated ProteinsGlycophorinGametogenesisSudanCongoColombiaMozambiqueEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
VivaxInfectionParasitesCausative agentProteinsUncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malariaResistance in Plasmodium falciparumEndemicMutationParasiteGenesAntibodiesAsexualGeneParasiticHumansMultidrug resistanceVitroStagesAfricaIncidenceVaccineArtemether lumefantrineProteinEpidemiologyVirulenceAnophelesMosquitoIsolatesSeverityGenomeKelch13ErythrocytesInfectionsMalarialHumanParasitemiaThailandInfectiousStrainsMicrobiologySpeciesGenus
Vivax9
Infection11
  • We found that Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence in endemic Africa halved and the incidence of clinical disease fell by 40% between 2000 and 2015. (nih.gov)
  • Objectives: The overall aim was therefore, to elucidate the impact of S. mansoni infection on protective T helper immune responses on P. falciparum and S. mansoni co-infection. (scirp.org)
  • Methodology: This study evaluated the T helper immune responses in individuals with independent S. mansoni infection, independent P. falciparum infection, co-infection and non-infection in school attending children in a co-endemic area along Lake Victoria shores, Uganda. (scirp.org)
  • S. mansoni infection is a major contributor of a reduced effective T helper immune response against P. falciparum in P. falciparum and S. mansoni co-infection. (scirp.org)
  • A major part of virulence for Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection, the most lethal parasitic disease of humans, results from increased rigidity and adhesiveness of infected host red cells. (gla.ac.uk)
  • We investigate the variation of malaria cases, parasite density and the multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection throughout the year in Brazzaville. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Infection with P. falciparum causes by far the highest morbidity of all human Plasmodium species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the differences in GSH levels in relation to Plasmodium infection . (bvsalud.org)
  • Malaria is infection of red blood cells with one of five species of the protozoa Plasmodium . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by infection with Plasmodium protozoa transmitted by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. (medscape.com)
  • Plasmodium falciparum infection carries a poor prognosis with a high mortality if untreated, but it has an excellent prognosis if diagnosed early and treated appropriately. (medscape.com)
Parasites14
  • Although the preva- malaria and pregnant women are more like- lence and density of P. falciparum parasites ly to develop clinical attacks of malaria and are higher in pregnant women than in non- serious complications than non-pregnant pregnant women, most infections remain women of the same age. (who.int)
  • This work identifies Drosophila S2 cells as a clinically-relevant platform suited for the production of 'difficult-to-make' proteins from Plasmodium parasites, and identifies a PfRH5 sequence variant that can be used for clinical production of a non-glycosylated, soluble full-length protein vaccine immunogen. (nature.com)
  • Plasmodium falciparum parasites are the causative agent of the most severe form of human malaria, and the development of an effective vaccine remains a key strategic goal to aid the control, local elimination and eventual eradication of this disease. (nature.com)
  • Timecourses have been conducted to quantify the number and type of replicating nuclei, together with other cell-biological features, in P. falciparum parasites across the course of both erythrocytic schizogony and gametogenesis. (europa.eu)
  • Apicomplexan parasites of the genus Plasmodium are the causative agent of malaria, one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide. (gla.ac.uk)
  • However, most of the P. falciparum genes selectively silenced by heterochromatin are members of contingency gene families expressed in asexual parasites. (edu.au)
  • P. falciparum and S. mansoni infections initiate a T helper immune response [4] [5] , which links the innate and adaptive immune responses against the parasites. (scirp.org)
  • Human microRNAs translocate from host erythrocytes to Plasmodium falciparum parasites. (jove.com)
  • P. falciparum is transmitted by mosquitoes, so drugs that prevent the spread of the parasites into the mosquito host (transmission inhibitors) are considered essential for malaria control. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
  • We investigated the inhibitory effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA), methoxyamino chalcone (C3), and iron chelators including deferiprone (DFP), 1-( N -acety1-6-aminohexyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridin-4-one (CM1) and deferiprone-resveratrol hybrid (DFP-RVT) against the growth of wild-type (WT) P. falciparum parasites and those with k13 and fd mutations. (biorxiv.org)
  • ART-resistant P. falciparum parasites emerged in Western Cambodia in the 2000s showing a slow clearance phenotype in malaria patients and an increased ring survival rate [ 2 , 3 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • The cytoadherent properties of P. falciparum parasites may thus be a virulence factor in human falciparum malaria. (tropmedres.ac)
  • Intraerythrocytic sexual stages of human malaria parasites are essential for the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum from human host to mosquito. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast to the 48-hour blood stage life cycle of asexual parasites, it takes 9-12 days for P. falciparum gametocytes to fully develop inside human red blood cells (RBCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Causative agent2
  • Schistosoma mansoni is one of the causative agents of intestinal schistosomiasis and Plasmodium falciparum is the major causative agent of malaria. (scirp.org)
  • Background: Of the 5,484 predicted proteins of Plasmodium falciparum, the main causative agent of malaria, about 60\% do not have sufficient sequence similarity with proteins in other organisms to warrant provision of functional assignments. (cnrs.fr)
Proteins6
  • Specifically, in people with antibodies to the merozoite proteins MSP-3 and MSP-119, the risk of developing P. falciparum malaria was reduced by 54% and 18%, respectively, compared to people without antibodies to these antigens. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This work developed through his study of the epigenetic control of antigenic variation in P. falciparum and has diversified into the broader study of unique chromatin proteins in P. falciparum, including variant histones and bromodomain proteins. (edu.au)
  • This transgenic P. falciparum reporter line constantly expresses two reporter proteins, GFP and NanoLuc, at high levels in two different hosts, human and mosquito. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
  • By utilising the expression of these two reporter proteins, P. falciparum can be successfully visualised and quantified with high sensitivity. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
  • We have created a transgenic P. falciparum that expresses two reporter proteins, GFP and NanoLuc, at high levels in both the human- and the vector mosquito stage. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
  • We are targeting multiple proteins of P. falciparum which are found only on the surfaces of the sexual forms of the parasite and where antibodies against these proteins have been shown to block the progression of the parasite's life cycle in the mosquito and thus block transmission to the next human host. (ru.nl)
Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria2
Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum2
Endemic3
  • In Africa each year around 24 million wom- women have acquired substantial protec- en become pregnant in malaria-endemic ar- tive immunity to malaria through repeated eas. (who.int)
  • Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium falciparum are co-endemic in Uganda and are the leading parasitic causes of public health problems across sub-Saharan Africa. (scirp.org)
  • This study aims to analyse the impact that the use of ACT has had compared to two classic treatments (quinine sulfate and doxycycline/clindamycin or atovaquone-proguanil) to treat patients admitted with uncomplicated malaria from P. falciparum to a hospital in a non-endemic area. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutation1
  • In resistant clinical strains, increased PfPI3K was associated with the C580Y mutation in P. falciparum Kelch13 (PfKelch13), a primary marker of artemisinin resistance. (nature.com)
Parasite20
  • Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • The parasite is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito and causes the disease's most dangerous form, falciparum malaria. (wikipedia.org)
  • P. falciparum is therefore regarded as the deadliest parasite in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • A protein interaction network of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (nih.gov)
  • Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (nih.gov)
  • The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum relies on an exchange of metabolites with the host for proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • The Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5) has recently emerged as a leading candidate antigen against the blood-stage human malaria parasite. (nature.com)
  • Analysis following immunization of rabbits identified quantitative and qualitative differences in terms of the functional IgG antibody response against the P. falciparum parasite. (nature.com)
  • The mosquito-borne malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum kills an estimated 0.7-2.7 million people every year, primarily children in sub-Saharan Africa. (jcvi.org)
  • This project focuses on the malaria parasite Plasmodium. (europa.eu)
  • The genome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is maintained primarily as transcriptionally competent, euchromatin with only restricted islands of transcriptionally silent, condensed heterochromatin. (edu.au)
  • He returned to University of Melbourne where his research has focussed on how elements of chromatin structure regulate gene expression in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum . (edu.au)
  • In addition, this paper will detail a method of polysome isolation in P. falciparum to determine the ribosomal occupancy and translational potential of parasite transcripts. (jove.com)
  • The characterization of the transcriptome and proteome of Plasmodium falciparum has been a tremendous resource for the understanding of the molecular physiology of this parasite. (datadryad.org)
  • Protein tyrosine kinase activity was found to be distributed in all the stages of P. falciparum parasite maturation. (niscair.res.in)
  • Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin, which has become a threat to malaria control, has been linked to mutations in the parasite protein K13. (elifesciences.org)
  • Artemisinin and derivatives (ARTs) are sesquiterpene lactones with an endoperoxide bridge that can quickly and effectively kill the Plasmodium parasite during the pathogenic asexual blood stage. (elifesciences.org)
  • ACT treatment of admitted hospital patients with imported uncomplicated malaria from P. falciparum reduced the days spent hospitalized as well as producing a more rapid parasite clearance compared to classic treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To determine whether isolates of Plasmodium falciparum have intrinsically different cytoadherent properties and whether these differences contribute to the clinical severity of human falciparum malaria, we studied the cytoadherence to C32 melanoma cells in vitro of 59 parasite isolates from patients with naturally acquired infections in Thailand. (tropmedres.ac)
  • Plasmodium falciparum in G6PD normal and G6PD-deficient erythrocytes : the parasite cycle and adaptive phenomena / by Esien Archibong Usanga. (who.int)
Genes11
  • Molecular surveillance of mutations in dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes of Plasmodium falciparum in Ethiopia. (cdc.gov)
  • To address this question, the knockout of both genes encoding the enzymes of the GSH biosynthesis pathway in P. falciparum was attempted. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The paradigm for heterochromatin function is the regulation of development and P. falciparum does use heterochromatin to silence several genes critical for developmental transitions. (edu.au)
  • By clonally variant, stochastic activation of these genes P. falciparum can rapidly generate progeny heritably expressing different variants of a single gene family that each encode different phenotypes. (edu.au)
  • We evaluated the invasion-inhibitory activity of acquired Abs from malaria-exposed children and adults from Kenya, using P. falciparum with disruption of genes encoding EBA140, EBA175, and EBA181, either individually or combined as EBA140/EBA175 or EBA175/EBA181 double knockouts. (edu.au)
  • Copy number variations (CNVs) of the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 ( pfmdr1 ), P. falciparum pfplasmepsin2 ( pfplasmepsin2 ) and P. falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase 1 ( pfgch1 ) genes are associated with antimalarial drug resistance in P. falciparum malaria. (researchsquare.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to develop and validate ddPCR assays for detection of the CNVs of P. falciparum genes associated with resistance to antimalarial drugs. (researchsquare.com)
  • The developed ddPCR assays are simple, accurate, precise and cost-effective tools for detection of the CNVs in the pfmdr1 , pfplasmepsin2 and pfgch1 genes of P. falciparum . (researchsquare.com)
  • Moreover, amplification of the P . falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase 1 ( pfgch1 ) GCN is linked to upregulation of the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase ( pfdhfr ) and P . falciparum dihydropteroate synthase ( pfdhps ) genes, which are associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Southeast Asia [ 9 , 10 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Method: We present PlasmoDraft, a database of Gene Ontology (GO) annotation predictions for P. falciparum genes based on postgenomic data. (cnrs.fr)
  • Results: Gonna has been applied to all P. falciparum genes using most publicly available transcriptome, proteome and interactome data sources. (cnrs.fr)
Antibodies2
Asexual4
  • Using this drug platform, we identified a new compound, OU0074008, which kills the asexual blood stages of P. falciparum from a library of 1920 compounds provided by Osaka University. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
  • Malaria symptoms such as fever and chills are caused by the multiplication of P. falciparum in human red blood cells (asexual blood stage). (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
  • The life cycle of P. falciparum was recapitulated in the laboratory, and the expression of GFP was confirmed in the asexual blood-, gametocyte-, oocyst-, sporozoite- and liver stages (Fig. 2). (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
  • Here the lipid profiles of red blood cells infected with the five different sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum were analysed by mass spectrometry and compared to those from uninfected and asexual trophozoite infected erythrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene3
  • To identify the biochemical basis for this effect, we disrupted the plasmodium arginase gene in the rodent malaria model P. berghei. (nih.gov)
  • Molecular surveillance is needed not only for the detection of mutations to the P . falciparum kelch gene, which are associated with artemisinin resistance [ 3 ], but also molecular markers associated with the efficacy of other antimalarial drugs. (researchsquare.com)
  • Regulation of gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) remains poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Parasitic3
  • Information regarding treatment of P. falciparum malaria is available from the Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, telephone (404) 488-4046. (cdc.gov)
  • Microscope slide showing the parasitic protozoan Plasmodium falciparum in human blood. (boreal.com)
  • Thus, P. falciparum has a very sophisticated parasitic strategy for infecting two hosts, humans and mosquitoes (Fig.1). (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
Humans3
  • Around the same time, Grassi demonstrated that P. falciparum was transmitted in humans only by female anopheline mosquito (in his case Anopheles claviger). (wikipedia.org)
  • Five different Plasmodium species can cause malaria in humans, leading to a total of approximately 500 million cases each year and of these, P. falciparum causes the most deadly form of the disease and is responsible for more than 1 million deaths annually. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Thus, by behaving differently in mosquitos and in humans, plasmodia are able to find new hosts. (enotes.com)
Multidrug resistance1
  • An increase in the P . falciparum multidrug resistance 1 ( pfmdr1 ) GCN is associated with mefloquine resistance [ 6 ], while an increase in the P . falciparum plasmepsin2 ( pfplasmepsin2 ) GCN is associated with piperaquine resistance [ 7 , 8 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Vitro3
Stages2
  • Fig.2 GFP expression in P. falciparum in the multiple stages of the life cycle. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
  • In this study, we bridge this disconnect by measuring genome-wide translation using ribosome profiling, through five stages of the P. falciparum blood phase developmental cycle. (datadryad.org)
Africa2
  • Nearly all malarial deaths are caused by P. falciparum, and 95% of such cases occur in Africa. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Sub-Saharan Africa, almost 100% of cases were due to P. falciparum, whereas in most other malarial countries, other, less virulent plasmodial species predominate. (wikipedia.org)
Incidence1
  • CDC has recently reviewed data on the reported incidence in the United States of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and has evaluated information on the effective management of severe life-threatening infections. (cdc.gov)
Vaccine2
  • New research synthesizes information from many different studies that attempt to link specific antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum with protection from clinical malaria and comes to important conclusions about which antigens might be worth advancing as vaccine candidates. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This knowledge will help to advance malaria vaccine development and suggests that multiple invasion ligands need to be targeted to overcome the capacity of P. falciparum for immune evasion. (edu.au)
Artemether lumefantrine1
  • To evaluate the six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria. (bvsalud.org)
Protein1
  • In this study, we genetically modified P. falciparum to simultaneously express GFP, a fluorescent protein, and NanoLuc, a luciferase. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
Epidemiology1
  • Epidemiology and control of Falciparum malaria in the Americas. (who.int)
Virulence1
  • It aims to transform our understanding of the basic biology of Plasmodium, and of how that biology affects virulence. (europa.eu)
Anopheles1
  • 8 kms] of the patient's residence) during the preceding month were identified, and although Anopheles mosquitoes were present near the patient's home, none of the 21 Anopheles mosquitoes tested at CDC was positive for P. falciparum . (cdc.gov)
Mosquito4
  • The plasmodium stays in the mosquito's stomach and does not do anything that harms the mosquito. (enotes.com)
  • When it does this, the person becomes very sick, but the plasmodia are moving freely in the blood stream and can easily be sucked up by a mosquito and transferred to a new host. (enotes.com)
  • Weekly doses of amodiaquine (0.3 g) and pyrimethamine (0.05 g) failed to suppress mosquito-induced infections with a Thailand strain of Plasmodium falciparum . (ajtmh.org)
  • Plasmodium falciparum is transmitted to a new host after completing its sexual cycle within a mosquito. (ru.nl)
Isolates1
  • The cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and gamma interferon, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria and are known to promote intercellular adhesion in other systems, did not enhance the cytoadherence of P. falciparum isolates to C32 melanoma cells. (tropmedres.ac)
Severity1
Genome2
  • To stimulate basic research and facilitate the development of new drugs and vaccines, the genome of Plasmodium falciparum clone 3D7 has been sequenced using a chromosome-by-chromosome shotgun strategy. (jcvi.org)
  • These chromosomes represent about 35% of the 23-megabase P. falciparum genome. (jcvi.org)
Kelch131
  • The spread of artemisinin (ART)-resistant Plasmodium falciparum threatens the control of malaria and mutations in the propeller domains of P. falciparum Kelch13 ( k13 ) are strongly associated with the resistance. (biorxiv.org)
Erythrocytes2
Infections4
  • As a result of this review, CDC has concluded that the drug of choice in the United States for treatment of complicated P. falciparum infections is parenteral quinidine gluconate. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenotypic variation by P. falciparum mediates the evasion of inhibitory Abs, contributing to the capacity of P. falciparum to cause repeat and chronic infections. (edu.au)
  • Results: We observed an up regulated Th1 T helper subpopulation in independent P. falciparum infections compared to the uninfected group. (scirp.org)
  • Artemisinin (ART)-based combination therapy is recommended by the World Health Organization for the first-line treatment of malaria in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infections. (biorxiv.org)
Malarial3
  • This study has generated a new genetically modified Plasmodium falciparum reporter line that could contribute to developing new anti-malarial drugs. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
  • This study suggests that a drug discovery platform using P. falciparum expressing NanoLuc will greatly advance the development of anti-malarial drugs. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
  • Fig.1 The whole life cycle of P. falciparum and desired anti-malarial drugs. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
Human6
  • Numerous studies have been performed on human antibody responses to P. falciparum merozoite antigens, but they have given conflicting results. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Remarkably little is known about Plasmodium cell cycles, despite a wealth of knowledge on the subject in human cells. (europa.eu)
  • This project will reveal, with unprecedented resolution, how DNA replication is organised in Plasmodium and how it can be affected by changing conditions in the human host and exposure to antimalarial drugs. (europa.eu)
  • In this study, we used novel approaches to determine the importance of P. falciparum erythrocyte-binding Ags (EBAs), which are important invasion ligands, as targets of human invasion-inhibitory Abs and define their role in contributing to immune evasion through variation in function. (edu.au)
  • Plasmodium falciparum infects two types of hosts, human and vector mosquitoes. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
  • Several antibody-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are available for diagnosing malaria, but they cover only four of the five species that cause human malaria (all except Plasmodium knowlesi ). (medscape.com)
Parasitemia1
Thailand1
  • In the P. falciparum field samples, pfmdr1 and pfplasmepsin2 GCNs were amplified in 15% and 27% of samples from Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, while pfgch1 GCN was amplified in 50% of samples from Yala, Thailand. (researchsquare.com)
Infectious1
Strains1
  • Active constituents showed differentiated activity towards Giardia lamblia, Trypanosoma cruzi, several Leishmania strains, Plasmodium falciparum and cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. (lu.se)
Microbiology1
  • He did his PhD in microbiology at the School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, and then post-doctoral research into Plasmodium falciparum for the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, but based at the Eijkman Institute in Jakarta Indonesia. (edu.au)
Species1
  • The prolonged duration of gametocyte maturation is a unique feature of only a few Plasmodium species infecting higher primates ( P. falciparum and P. reichenowi ) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genus1
  • The valid genus Plasmodium was created by two Italian physicians Ettore Marchiafava and Angelo Celli in 1885. (wikipedia.org)